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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Bird watching"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Bird watching"

Shettleworth, Sara J. "Bird watching". Nature 368, n. 6467 (marzo 1994): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/368111b0.

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Kolankiewicz, Sandra. "Bird Watching". Appalachian Heritage 42, n. 4 (2014): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.2014.0073.

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Asrianny, Asrianny, Hendra Saputra e Amran Achmad. "IDENTIFIKASI KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN SEBARAN JENIS BURUNG UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA BIRD WATCHING DI TAMAN NASIONAL BANTIMURUNG BULUSARAUNG". PERENNIAL 14, n. 1 (1 aprile 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v14i1.4999.

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This study aims to identify the diversity and distribution of birds species for bird watching ecotourism development in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. Field works was conducted in three months, from October to in December 2012. Data collection, was done with line transect method at Leang-Leang, Pattunuang, and Karaenta. Geographical position of transect line (traces) was recorded by using GPS then processed with GIS in order to produced bird watching maps tourist track. Result soft his study showed that, there are 47 species of birds found in the three lines of observation track, and 23 of them (48.9%) was endemic to the island of Sulawesi. Diversity indices of birds on the observation track at Leang-Leang is 3.02, in Pattunuang 2.78, and in the Karaenta 2.25. Among the three lines of observation, the highest population abundance is at Leang-Leang tracking line. It’s equal to 29 individuals /ha while the lowest population abundance are on the Karaenta track with 9 individuals /ha. Key words: Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, Bird Watching, Ecotourism

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Li, XueYan, Lu Liang, Peng Gong, Yang Liu e FeiFei Liang. "Bird watching in China reveals bird distribution changes". Chinese Science Bulletin 58, n. 6 (15 settembre 2012): 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5458-7.

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Gardner, Lyndsey. "Outdoor resource box… bird watching". Nursery World 2016, n. 2 (25 gennaio 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2016.2.24.

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Carlson, Shawn. "Bird-Watching by the Numbers". Scientific American 278, n. 2 (febbraio 1998): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0298-92.

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Waive, Millnd G. "!Microbiology as if bird watching". Resonance 1, n. 10 (ottobre 1996): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02839101.

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McDonald, Joan F. "Identifying Great Auks and other birds in the Palaeolithic art of western Europe: a reply to d'Errico". Antiquity 68, n. 261 (dicembre 1994): 850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0004758x.

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The craft of bird-watching lies in the distinctive look any bird has, so it may be recognized even from a passing glimpse. That may help with identifying the prehistoric birds captured as passing glimpses for us in Palaeolithic pictures.

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Rothstein, Mikael. "Watching Birds and People". Fieldwork in Religion 2, n. 2 (12 aprile 2008): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/fiel2008v2i2.160.

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This article explores ornithology as a hidden resource in anthropological field work. Relating experiences among the Penan forest nomads of Sarawak, Borneo, the author describes how his personal knowledge of bird life paved the way for good working relations, and even friendship, with the Penan. Representing two very different cultures simple communication between the scholar on duty and the Penan community was difficult indeed, but the birds provided a common ground that enabled the two parties to exchange experiences, knowledge and skills. In certain ways the author's fieldwork-based project relates to the Penan’s religious interpretation of birds, but the article is primarily concerned with the fact that a mutual understanding was created from this common ground, and that our thoughts on fieldwork preparations may be taken further by such experiences.

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BORUAH, Ichangdaw, Sasitorn HASIN, Ananya POPRADIT, Vanatpornratt SAWASDEE e SOONTAREE CHEENTAM. "Biodiversity of Birds in Urban Green Space for Support Ecotourism activities in Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Thailand". Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, n. 4 (30 giugno 2021): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.4(52).25.

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Bird watching is one of the attractive ecotourism activities for travelers and nature enthusiasts, which rapidly growing in Thailand. This study aims to: (1) explore bird diversity in various green spaces in ValayaAlongkorn Rajabhat University (VRU); and (2) examine which bird species dominates the study areas. Bird data were collected using point count techniques in two sessions; early morning, and late afternoon, at VRU from May 2020 to April 2021. Frequency of occurrence value (FQ) was analyzed for classifying status groups of birds in the VRU. Order Passeriformes was numerically the dominant order in our study area, with 22 species (47.7% of total represented species), while the other bird orders were the least dominant, represented by 1 to 5 species in range. A total of 47 species of birds belonging to 29 Families and 12 Orders were recorded. During this study, significantly, the highest bird richness was recorded in agriculture areas (35 ± 2.3 SD), followed by the species from recreation areas (27 ± 1.8 SD) and natural wetland (17 ± 1.7 SD) (P>0.05). Five migrant bird species and 35 resident species were observed, and 10 bird species were recorded in both the seasonal status as migrant and resident species. Most of the bird species are listed as of least concern, while only one species, Mycteria leucocephala, are listed as near-threatened. Nine bird species are classified as common species in the VRU with > 80 % of frequency of occurrence. The pattern of bird diversity in the VRU in general follows the natural condition of green area space in the VRU. Typical characteristics of birds, their habitat and appearing period can develop bird-watching objects, which become interesting attractions for travelers and nature enthusiasts, promoting ecotourism development and efforts to conserve bird diversity.

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Tesi sul tema "Bird watching"

Wang, Ximin. "A plan for creating a national bird watching society in Mainland China for bird conservation and education /". Link for full text, 2008. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2008/Wang.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2008.
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Natural Resources (Environmental Education and Interpretation), College of Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-50).

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Wong, Hon-chung Samuel. "Birdwatching tourism and the possibility of developing cross-border birdwatching in Hong Kong and China". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43784410.

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Andersson, Conny. "A Bird-watching Database System". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-220691.

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This report describes in detail the working process of constructing a normalized relational database with an associated graphical user interface, based on raw data data sets in CSV-format acquired from the Avian Knowledge Network. The data files contained the bird sightings from the year 2009 in North America. An entity-relationship model of the database was designed, including a table representing the raw data as well as tables representing the corresponding normalized relational data. As a first step the bulk loading facility of the DBMS is used for loading a CSV file into the raw data table. Then a SQL stored procedure is used for populating the final relational tables by transforming and cleaning the rows of the raw data table. Performance measurements were made about the data transformation as well as a comparison between querying the raw data table versus the final normalized tables. In addition a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed that allows a user to query the database in a flexible way. The performance measurements indicated that querying the normalized tables was more efficient than querying the raw data table.

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Appleman, Kelley H. "Measuring the recreational use value of migratory shorebirds a stated preference study of birdwatching on the Delaware Bay /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 116 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885462211&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Wong, Hon-chung Samuel, e 黃瀚聰. "Birdwatching tourism and the possibility of developing cross-border birdwatching in Hong Kong and China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43784410.

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Schaffner, Spencer. "Texturation in everyday life : American field guides to birds and their use /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9488.

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Greer, Kirsten Aletta. "Recreational birdwatching, empire, and gender in southern Ontario, 1791-1886". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65197.pdf.

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Steven, Rochelle Jean. "The Relationship Between Birders, Avitourism and Avian Conservation". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367611.

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The popularity of birding (aka birdwatching) and its tourism equivalent, avitourism, has seen an increase in global participants since the turn of the last century. The level of interest and dedication shown towards birds has been the subject of increasing research, especially the social and economic aspects of the pastime and industry. The ability for birding and avitourism to contribute to conservation has also drawn recent researcher attention, though gaps remain in the current understanding as revealed by my review of the discipline. In particular, the relationship between birders and the practical elements of avian conservation have not been comprehensively assessed. This thesis uses a multi- disciplinary methodological approach to understand the relationship between birders, avitourism and avian conservation. Data were collected using online surveys of birders, content analysis and face-to-face questionnaires and econometric methods. Several patterns emerged that defined how birders engage with birding as well as bird conservation. Birders from key birding regions including Australia, United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA) and South Africa expressed preferences for different types of birds and habitats. Shorebirds and both coastal and freshwater wetlands were favoured by birders from the UK. Birder sex also influenced how and where birders watch birds, with women more likely to restrict birding activities to home, while men travelled further for birding. Male birders also participated in bird-based events such as census and atlas activities more often than females.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Castaneda, Alisha Priolo. "Hues, tresses, and dresses examining the relation of body image, hair, and clothes to female identity in Their eyes were watching God and I know why the caged bird sings /". Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2010. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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Rabun, Sheila J. 1985. "Birding and Sustainability at the Arcata Marsh and Wildlife Sanctuary: A Folkloric Analysis". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11469.

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xi, 124 p. : col. ill. and map.
The Arcata Marsh and Wildlife Sanctuary (AMWS), located on the Humboldt Bay of northwestern California in the town of Arcata, is an excellent example of reciprocity between humans and the natural environment. The AMWS is a constructed wetland ecosystem that works in conjunction with the town's wastewater treatment plant, providing a healthy habitat for birds and other wildlife and a context for the folkloric activity of birding. Interviews with seven local birders at the AMWS and an analysis of the material, economic, biological, social, and spiritual implications of the activity in context serve to support the assertion that reciprocity is an important factor in the sustainability of folkloric interactions between humans and the natural environment.
Committee in charge: Sharon Sherman, Chairperson; Kathryn Lynch, Member; Jill Harrison, Member

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Libri sul tema "Bird watching"

McCartney, Paula. Bird watching. Rosendale, NY: Women's Studio Workshop, 2006.

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Larry, Bird. Bird Watching. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2001.

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Watts, Jane Fawns. Bird watching. London: Aspex Gallery, 2001.

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Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.). Museum of Contemporary Photography., a cura di. Bird watching. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010.

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1985-, Griffin Elizabeth May, a cura di. Bird watching for kids: A family bird watching guide. Minocqua, Wis: NorthWord Press, 1995.

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Kilham, Lawrence. On watching birds. Chelsea, Vt: Chelsea Green Pub. Co., 1988.

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Hall, Mark. Bird Watching Bird Watching Bird Watching Bird Watching. Independently Published, 2018.

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Bird Watching. Kingfisher Books Ltd, 1986.

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Staff, Journals for All. Bird Watching Checklist: Bird Watching Log. Independently Published, 2017.

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Staff, Journals for All. Bird Watching Record: Bird Watching Log. Independently Published, 2017.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Bird watching"

Steven, Rochelle, e Darryl Jones. "Bird-watching tourism". In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_18-1.

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Gosálvez Rey, Rafael Ubaldo, Adrián Navas Berbel e Diego López de la Nieta González de la Al. "Birdwatching as a New Tourist Activity in El Hierro Geopark". In Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism, 95–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07289-5_9.

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AbstractBird watching is one of the most popular ways of getting close to nature, laying the foundations for what is now known as Birdwatching or Birding, nowadays a niche within ecotourism. The Canary Islands are an exceptional centre for ornithological tourism, standing out for the presence of six endemic species that are exclusive worldwide. In this context, the island of El Hierro is the least visited island for bird watching in the Canary Islands archipelago, even though it has been designated as a Biosphere Reserve and Geopark. This paper aims to lay the foundations for the development of ornithological tourism on the island of El Hierro, following the methodology proposed by Gosálvez Rey (El Valle de Alcudia y Sierra Madrona, 2009), Puhakka et al. (PLoS One 6, 2011) and the Ornithological Tourism Strategy for the Canary Islands (SEO/Birdlife in Estrategia de Turismo Ornitológico para la Macaronesia, 2016). A geographical analysis of the diversity of species is addressed, the most suitable trails and points for birdwatching are indicated and the mechanisms for promoting this tourist activity are outlined. The island of El Hierro has 22 species and subspecies of birds of interest for birdwatching, the best areas for birdwatching being the Natura 2000 sites (EU) and Birdlife International's IBAs. The island of El Hierro is served by a network of paths provided by the Cabildo de El Hierro and the Spanish government's Caminos Naturales programme, complemented by a set of fourteen lookout that serve as strategic points for bird watching. The challenge for the island of El Hierro will be to develop birdwatching that respects and even enhances natural values, avoiding endangering the species observed and their habitats.

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He, Zhuofen, Langqing Chen, ZhuKe Wu e Ao Qi. "An Interactive Game Design for Children’s Bird Watching Based on Flow Experience Theory". In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 54–68. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60695-3_4.

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Newsome, David. "12. Conflicts Between Cultural Attitudes, Development and Ecotourism: The Case of Bird Watching Tours in Papua New Guinea". In Animals and Tourism, a cura di Kevin Markwell, 194–210. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781845415051-016.

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Ahrweiler, Petra. "A Vision of Nature". In Angels and Other Cows, 1–25. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60401-0_1.

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AbstractGabriel and Tilda walked side by side in deep conversation. Suddenly they stopped together in the middle of the road and looked around, awestruck. The birds were singing the chorus of creation. The hawthorn trees greeted them in sweet harmony in a garden of paradise. And the golden sun spread its warm embracing red glow as a unifying symphony over the playing fields. A big show. It was like watching how the curtain in a huge theatre slowly raised upwards. It was a spectacular moment. Like a dream in colour, sound and brightness. “Hush!” Gabriel exclaimed at Tilda.

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Davis, Stephen J. "Bird-Watching". In Christ Child, 47–63. Yale University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300149456.003.0003.

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"Bird Watching". In Placing Movies, 264–71. University of California Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520914957-033.

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"Bird Watching". In Placing Movies, 264–71. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.5973156.35.

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"3. Bird-Watching". In Christ Child, 47–63. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/9780300206609-004.

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"While Watching a Prairie Bird". In Notebooks of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn, 145–46. University of Arizona Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2qnx5mk.62.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Bird watching"

Marmor, Kathy. "Bird watching". In ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 talks. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1401032.1401086.

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Marmor, Kathy. "Bird Watching". In ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 new tech demos. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1401615.1401623.

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Scott, Jacqueline. "Bird-Watching: Race, Gender, and Place in Outdoors Education". In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1578490.

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Cottman-Fields, Mark, Margot Brereton, Jason Wimmer e Paul Roe. "Collaborative extension of biodiversity monitoring protocols in the bird watching community". In the 13th Participatory Design Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2662155.2662193.

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R. Biggs, Heidi, Jeffrey Bardzell e Shaowen Bardzell. "Watching Myself Watching Birds". In CHI '21: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445329.

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Wai Michael Siu, Kin, Kwok Yin Angelina Lo, Yi Lin Wong e Chi Hang Lo. "Playful Public Design by Children". In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002044.

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The design of public space and facilities in a country park aims to serve a wide scope of people with diverse needs and interests. Research on human factors should include users of different ages and capabilities. Children are often a forgotten category of users for collecting views and preferences in public design. Their voices and ideas are seldom heard and heeded. It is crucial to involve children in the design process to optimise outdoor recreational and educational experience in a country park. Playful Public Design by Children is a design research project which involved 1,023 children aged 3 to 18. They were guided to use a human factors (or ergonomics) approach to identify and solve problems in the real-life setting of Shing Mun Country Park in Hong Kong. The design research, spanning from 2019 to 2020, was conceived and co-led by a public design lab of a university and a group of art and design studios for children and teenagers. This paper reports an investigation of children’s perception of, observations on and concerns about the country park and the values underlying these concerns. Different phases engaged children in site research and visual-based design projects. For clarity and more in-depth discussion, this paper focuses specifically on children aged 8 -12. The projects allowed children to participate in observing the inadequacies of current park features such as space and facilities design. Research findings reveal children’s ability to embrace complexity in different design situations as they adopted the role as researcher, designer and change-maker. The common problem-solving strategies among their proposed design ideas reflect their concern for fun, fulfilment, adventure, action and harmony of different users (animals included) in the shared outdoor environment. Their proposed design solutions go beyond existing park design that covers only functional and physical aspects. Children’s perspective addresses other human factors such as psychological, emotional and social needs of different users resulting in an array of whimsical designs, such as zoomorphic gazebos, tree houses and observation towers for star-gazing, bird-watching, daydreaming and quiet reading. The significance of the research project is in the pedagogical practice that reveals children’s inherent creativity, design ability and potential as contributing citizens. The project changes urban children’s perception of nature, design and problem-solving strategies, and parents’ perception of design education in children’s creative development. Through the lens of children, designers can find a more well-rounded view inclusive of different human factors that can optimise users' interaction with the country park environment.

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Konkovs, Karlis Aleksandrs, Rasa Ikstena, Ilze Zvera, Maris Ozolins e Raimonds Ernsteins. "Lake governance developments in Latvia: lake Lubans governing process studies applying governance system framing model". In 23rd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2022”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2022.56.019.

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The overall frame of this research was the governance process of surface water resources in Latvia, particularly, public lakes, to be studied by applying triple dimensional governance framing model of complementary dimensions of governance stakeholders, governance content and governance instruments. Studies were realized in the area of Lake Lubans, administratively located on the border areas between two municipalities of Madona and Rezekne in the eastern part of the country. Lake Lubans is the largest lake in Latvia, as well as the largest dammed lake in Europe, included in surrounding NATURA 2000 nature reserve territory as also nationally largest inland protected wetland complex (Lubana Wetland/Ramsar site, 2009). Case Study Research methodology was applied by approaching the study area not only as a nature protection area but especially as a socio-ecological territorial and human system, using indepth semi-structured interviews in the surrounding areas/administrative territories with all main local-regional and also national stakeholder groups, as well as, applying document studies and territorial/objects’ observations. The National Nature Protection Agency’s Latgale region branch as the legal administrator supervises all nature protection territories in the region and also the Lubana Wetland, which is still lacking statutory Nature Protection Plan for the area; and, due to very limited administrative capacities, Agency is to be oriented more towards c ooperation with various other national and regional institutions from very different sectors, being organized under mainly two ministries involved – Environmental and Regional Development Ministry (nature, environmental, municipal and regional development sectors) and Agriculture Ministry (agriculture, forestry, fisheries, water infrastructure sectors), as well as, particularly, with many municipalities in the wetland area. But municipalities have to take into account also interests of local communities, the basic socio-economic development situation and possibilities, having also limited capacities, sometimes also approaches, which all is to be combined with strong nature protection requirements and limitations. This governance landscape requires co-relation of various and diverse interests and creates a rather fragmented and underdeveloped management of the lake. Lake water levels are fully regulated by the national Water infrastructure agency using dams and other hydro-technical systems, while water areas are used not only for highly popular angling, but also for active commercial fishing and various recreational activities, tourism, esp. bird watching etc., thus also keeping strong nature protection status in the same time, which all represent a unique challenge for to be developed multi-stakeholders and socioecological system (SES) approach for lake governance (assessment, planning, collaborative management, monitoring, and communication) developments in Latvia and alike.

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Peteley, Attila, Adrian Nita, Hunor-Flaviu Crisan, Vasile Mara e Lorant Balint-Balint. "THE DOUBLE SIDED IMPACT OF BEAR WATCHING IN THE GIURGEU BASIN, ROMANIA". In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.059.

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Sustainability within a region is achieved by providing a variety of services regarding the tourism products within an area. The Giurgeu basin in order to be able to sustain its values, needs to offer a wide variety of services that attract and increase the overnight stay of tourists. The services needed to be diversified with the beginning of the pandemic season of 2020 - 2022. These services existed before, but during the pandemic period, where the tourism suffered the most, it became evident that the entrepreneurs needed to find other means of attracting people. For more than two years the tourism needed to adapt, and to try to attract clients from the domestic market. The services needed to be targeted mainly towards the Romanian market. The entrepreneurs needed to provide new packages. In this paper we would like to analyze the perspective of offering special tourism packages that include wildlife watching trips in the depression, to observe the wildlife from safe locations. These trips are called bear watching�s, where the tourists go into the wilderness and from safe, specifically built locations observe the big games from a close distance. These games include the main attraction the brown bears, and most of the times the other big animals are present as well meaning the Carpathian stag, the common deer, the wild boar, the red fox, rabbit, a variety of birds. The animals are attracted by the abundance of food sources present at these feeders. The tourists come here to see these animals. We would like to analyze the impact of the animal watching�s on the tourism, and the impact of the tourism on the behavior and existential habits of the wild animals of the area. We conclude that sustaining such activities is not having a benefic impact on the existing wildlife�s existential habits and alters their seasonal behavior resulting in long lasting changes that impact generations of animals and the relationship between the wild animals and the inhabiting local population.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Bird watching"

Shriver, Greg, e Leah Rudge. Grassland bird and raptor inventory of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, 2022. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304340.

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Abstract (sommario):

Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (NHP) includes grassland habitats that are maintained for the interpretation of historic Civil War battles. In 2022, as part of the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program, the University of Delaware conducted a grassland bird and raptor inventory in the park. The goals of this inventory were to determine the grassland bird use of Harpers Ferry grasslands during Spring and Fall migration, estimate the abundance and daily nest survival for focal breeding species, and determine the raptor use during migration. We established and used multiple avian sampling techniques to address these goals including distance sampling using line transects, mist-netting to capture passerine birds, point counts, hawk watching, and nest searching and monitoring. We conducted this inventory during the annual cycle starting in March 2022 and completed the sampling in October 2022. During the course of this effort, we detected 111 species using the Harpers Ferry grasslands at some time during the year. We found that the park is supporting migrating and breeding grassland birds and that the avian species composition changes over the course of the annual cycle. During migration, we detected focal grassland bird species including Bobolink, Savannah Sparrow, Grasshopper Sparrow, and Eastern Meadowlark. During the breeding season, we located and monitored Eastern Meadowlark and Grasshopper Sparrow nests with adequate sample sizes to estimate daily nest survival. We found that Eastern Meadowlark daily nest survival was relatively high (99%) and was influenced by the proximity of the nest to a forested edge. We recommend the park focus on Eastern Meadowlark and Grasshopper Sparrows as these two species used the park during both Spring and Fall migrations and successfully fledged young during the breeding season. The park could attempt to maintain or enhance Eastern Meadowlark and Grasshopper Sparrow use of the park during all stages of the annual cycle but especially during the breeding season. This could be achieved by continuing to keep the existing breeding areas intact through delayed mowing (no mowing from 15 May ? 15 July), removing tree lines and woody or non-native vegetation to increase the perceived openness and grassland patch size, and continuing to monitor the effects of any management actions that may influence grassland bird use of Harpers Ferry NHP. Grassland birds are a national conservation priority so any sites that have the capacity to maintain or enhance these declining habitat specialists should do so. Grassland birds provide an opportunity to integrate cultural and natural resources as these birds were most certainly present prior to, during, and after the Civil War Battles that Harpers Ferry was established to commemorate.

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