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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Blast effect"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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1

Iacono, Diego, Erin K. Murphy, Cheryl D. Stimpson, Fabio Leonessa, and Daniel P. Perl. "Double Blast Wave Primary Effect on Synaptic, Glymphatic, Myelin, Neuronal and Neurovascular Markers." Brain Sciences 13, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020286.

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Explosive blasts are associated with neurological consequences as a result of blast waves impact on the brain. Yet, the neuropathologic and molecular consequences due to blast waves vs. blunt-TBI are not fully understood. An explosive-driven blast-generating system was used to reproduce blast wave exposure and examine pathological and molecular changes generated by primary wave effects of blast exposure. We assessed if pre- and post-synaptic (synaptophysin, PSD-95, spinophilin, GAP-43), neuronal (NF-L), glymphatic (LYVE1, podoplanin), myelin (MBP), neurovascular (AQP4, S100β, PDGF) and genomic

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2

Taiwo, Blessing Olamide, Yewuhalashet Fissha, Thomas Palangio, Andrew Palangio, Hajime Ikeda, Nageswara Rao Cheepurupalli, Naseer Muhammad Khan, et al. "Assessment of Charge Initiation Techniques Effect on Blast Fragmentation and Environmental Safety: An Application of WipFrag Software." Mining 3, no. 3 (September 14, 2023): 532–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining3030030.

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Blast charge initiation procedures have a significant impact on both mining safety and production rates. In this study, the inventory benefit of an electric initiation system was investigated to assess its influence on both fragmentation and blast-induced damages. The WipFrag software was used to examine the size distribution and productivity of 12 small-scale blasts initiated by both nonelectric and electric detonators. All blast rounds were initiated with plain-type electric and NONEL detonators. The average burden, spacing, stemming length, and charge weight were, respectively, 0.85 m, 1.10

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3

Hu, Zhijian, Jian Q. Fang, and Lizhi Z. Sun. "Blast effect zones and damage mechanisms of concrete bridges under above-deck car-bomb attacks." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 27, no. 8 (May 10, 2017): 1156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789517708827.

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Above-deck car-bomb attacks cause significant effects on engineering structures from those of explosive blasts in the free air. In this paper, a post-disaster investigation for an existing bridge under above-deck car-bomb blast loading is presented. The crack distribution and damage deformation of the blast loaded girders are systematically investigated, and the blast effect zone is proposed to describe the blast loading distributions on girders and to characterize the girder structural behavior. The girder failure is dominated by one of the three typical damage mechanisms: shear, flexural-she

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4

Fields, David M., Nils Olav Handegard, John Dalen, Christiane Eichner, Ketil Malde, Ørjan Karlsen, Anne Berit Skiftesvik, Caroline M. F. Durif, and Howard I. Browman. "Airgun blasts used in marine seismic surveys have limited effects on mortality, and no sublethal effects on behaviour or gene expression, in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 7 (August 7, 2019): 2033–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz126.

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Abstract Seismic surveys use airguns that emit low frequency high magnitude sound to detect subsea resources and to map seabed geology. The effect of seismic blasts on Calanus spp., a key food source for commercially important fish, was assessed in field experiments. Immediate mortality of copepods was significantly different from controls at distances of 5 m or less from the airguns. Mortality 1 week after the airgun blast was significantly higher—by 9% relative to controls—in the copepods placed 10 m from the airgun blast but was not significantly different from the controls at a distance of

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5

Tsao, Jack W., Lauren A. Stentz, Minoo Rouhanian, Robin S. Howard, Briana N. Perry, F. Jay Haran, Paul F. Pasquina, et al. "Effect of concussion and blast exposure on symptoms after military deployment." Neurology 89, no. 19 (October 13, 2017): 2010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004616.

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Objective:To examine whether blast exposure alone and blast-associated concussion result in similar neurologic and mental health symptoms.Methods:A 14-item questionnaire was administered to male US Marines on their return from deployment in Iraq and/or Afghanistan.Results:A total of 2,612 Marines (median age 22 years) completed the survey. Of those, 2,320 (88.9%) reported exposure to ≥1 blast during their current and/or prior deployments. In addition, 1,022 (39.1%) reported ≥1 concussion during the current deployment, and 731 (28.0%) had experienced at least 1 prior lifetime concussion. Marine

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6

Sainoki, Atsushi, and Hani S. Mitri. "Numerical simulation of rock mass vibrations induced by nearby production blast." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 11 (November 2014): 1253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0480.

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It is of importance to understand the effect of production blasts on the surrounding rock formations in underground mines. This study presents a numerical procedure to simulate stress waves resulting from nearby production blasts. First, the damping coefficient and peak borehole pressure are calibrated using a dynamic numerical model of a single blast hole. The resulting time-varying particle velocities in the surrounding rock mass at the specified points are calculated. These are then used as input parameters in a three-dimensional mine-wide model, considering a positional relationship betwee

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7

Zhuang, Yu, Aiguo Xing, Perry Bartelt, Muhammad Bilal, and Zhaowei Ding. "Dynamic response and breakage of trees subject to a landslide-induced air blast." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 4 (April 4, 2023): 1257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1257-2023.

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Abstract. Landslides have been known to generate powerful air blasts capable of causing destruction and casualties far beyond the runout of sliding mass. The extent of tree damage provides valuable information on air blast intensity and impact region. However, little attention has been paid to the air blast–tree interaction. In this study, we proposed a framework to assess the tree destruction caused by powerful air blasts, including the eigenfrequency prediction method, tree motion equations and the breakage conditions. The tree is modeled as a flexible beam with variable cross-sections, and

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8

Tan, X. Gary, and Peter Matic. "Simulation of Cumulative Exposure Statistics for Blast Pressure Transmission Into the Brain." Military Medicine 185, Supplement_1 (January 2020): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz308.

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Abstract Introduction This study develops and demonstrates an analysis approach to understand the statistics of cumulative pressure exposure of the brain to repetitive blasts events. Materials and Methods A finite element model of blast loading on the head was used for brain model biomechanical responses. The cumulative pressure exposure fraction (CPEF), ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, was used to characterize the extent and repetition of high pressures. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to generate repetitive blast cumulative exposures. Results The blast orientation effect is as influential as

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9

Akashi, K., M. Harada, T. Shibuya, T. Eto, Y. Takamatsu, T. Teshima, and Y. Niho. "Effects of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 on the proliferation of CD34+ and CD34- blasts from acute myelogenous leukemia." Blood 78, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.1.197.197.

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Abstract We studied the effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-6 on the growth of leukemic blasts from 40 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Patients were selected on the basis of negativity for a series of B-cell antigens including CD10 and CD19. Twenty-one cases were CD34- positive (CD34+) (greater than 15% of blasts) and the remaining 19 were CD34-negative (CD34-) (less than 3% of blasts). IL-4 alone (100 U/ml) could stimulate either DNA synthesis (with greater than 2.0 stimulation index) or leukemic blast colony formation in 24 of 40 AML patients. In the presence of other grow

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Akashi, K., M. Harada, T. Shibuya, T. Eto, Y. Takamatsu, T. Teshima, and Y. Niho. "Effects of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 on the proliferation of CD34+ and CD34- blasts from acute myelogenous leukemia." Blood 78, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.1.197.bloodjournal781197.

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We studied the effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-6 on the growth of leukemic blasts from 40 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Patients were selected on the basis of negativity for a series of B-cell antigens including CD10 and CD19. Twenty-one cases were CD34- positive (CD34+) (greater than 15% of blasts) and the remaining 19 were CD34-negative (CD34-) (less than 3% of blasts). IL-4 alone (100 U/ml) could stimulate either DNA synthesis (with greater than 2.0 stimulation index) or leukemic blast colony formation in 24 of 40 AML patients. In the presence of other growth factor

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11

Kim, Jung H., James A. Goodrich, Robert Situ, Amedeo Rapuano, Hoby Hetherington, Fu Du, Steve Parks, et al. "Periventricular White Matter Alterations From Explosive Blast in a Large Animal Model: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury or “Subconcussive” Injury?" Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 79, no. 6 (April 7, 2020): 605–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlaa026.

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Abstract The neuropathology of mild traumatic brain injury in humans resulting from exposure to explosive blast is poorly understood as this condition is rarely fatal. A large animal model may better reflect the injury patterns in humans. We investigated the effect of explosive blasts on the constrained head minimizing the effects of whole head motion. Anesthetized Yucatan minipigs, with body and head restrained, were placed in a 3-walled test structure and exposed to 1, 2, or 3 explosive blast shock waves of the same intensity. Axonal injury was studied 3 weeks to 8 months postblast using β-a

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12

Jiang, Shangyuan, Sarah Sanders, and Rong Z. Gan. "Mitigation of Hearing Damage With Liraglutide Treatment in Chinchillas After Repeated Blast Exposures at Mild-TBI." Military Medicine 188, Supplement_6 (November 1, 2023): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usad235.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Although hearing protection devices (HPDs) have been widely used during training and combat, over one million veterans experience service-connected hearing loss. Hearing damage has been reported to be associated with blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and there is a lack of understanding and treatment. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and a potential treatment for TBI-induced memory deficits. This study aims to investigate the function of the liraglutide to prevent damage and facilitate hearing restoration in chinchillas exposed to m

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13

Kelleher, C., J. Miyauchi, G. Wong, S. Clark, MD Minden, and EA McCulloch. "Synergism between recombinant growth factors, GM-CSF and G-CSF, acting on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia [published erratum appears in Blood 1987 Jul;70(1):339]." Blood 69, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 1498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.5.1498.1498.

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Abstract The genes for the hemopoietic growth factors, GM colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and G-CSF have been cloned, and recombinant material is available for both. We tested these recombinant factors for their effects on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Culture methods are available that support both colony formation by AML blasts and the growth of blast stem cells in suspension. Recombinant GM- CSF is active in both culture systems, although to a varying degree. We found that recombinant G-CSF was also effective; however, the two recombinant factors showed striking syne

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Kelleher, C., J. Miyauchi, G. Wong, S. Clark, MD Minden, and EA McCulloch. "Synergism between recombinant growth factors, GM-CSF and G-CSF, acting on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia [published erratum appears in Blood 1987 Jul;70(1):339]." Blood 69, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 1498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.5.1498.bloodjournal6951498.

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The genes for the hemopoietic growth factors, GM colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and G-CSF have been cloned, and recombinant material is available for both. We tested these recombinant factors for their effects on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Culture methods are available that support both colony formation by AML blasts and the growth of blast stem cells in suspension. Recombinant GM- CSF is active in both culture systems, although to a varying degree. We found that recombinant G-CSF was also effective; however, the two recombinant factors showed striking synergism for

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15

Heyburn, Lanier, Andrew Batuure, Donna Wilder, Joseph Long, and Venkatasivasai Sujith Sajja. "Neuroinflammation Profiling of Brain Cytokines Following Repeated Blast Exposure." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16 (August 8, 2023): 12564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612564.

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Due to use of explosive devices and heavy weapons systems in modern conflicts, the effect of BW on the brain and body is of increasing concern. These exposures have been commonly linked with neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders in veteran populations. A likely neurobiological link between exposure to blasts and the development of neurobehavioral disorders, such as depression and PTSD, could be neuroinflammation triggered by the blast wave. In this study, we exposed rats to single or repeated BW (up to four exposures—one per day) at varied intensities (13, 16, and 19 psi) to mim

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16

Naeem, Khan, Robert K. Hills, Paul Virgo, Stephen Couzens, Nithiya Clark, Amanda Gilkes, Angela Grech, et al. "Significance of Blast CD33 Expression for Effect of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin at Different Doses in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results from the UK NCRI AML16/17 Trials." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.320.320.

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Abstract On behalf of the UK NCRI AML Working Group CD33 was the first target for antibody directed therapy in any cancer with further CD33-directed strategies, including bispecific or chimeric antigen receptors, in development in AML. Our previous meta-analysis results with the first anti-CD33 antibody conjugate Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (GO) demonstrated the importance of appropriately defining patient subgroups (e.g. by cytogenetics) that may most benefit from this therapy and as such provides a paradigm for other antibody-directed agents. However in adult AML there is limited data on whether C

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17

NAKAMURA, Masakazu, Takashi SUGIYAMA, Takeo UNO, and Yukiaki HARA. "Effect of Blast Conditions on the Raceway of the Blast Furnace." Tetsu-to-Hagane 74, no. 8 (1988): 1562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.74.8_1562.

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Dar, RooufUnNabi, S. M. Anas, and Mehtab Alam. "Effect of Skew Angle on the Dynamic Response of a Reinforced Concrete Bridge under Blast Loading." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.548.

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Accidental explosions and subversive blasts are on rise. The recent devastating Beirut explosion witnesses this fact. Performance of the structures such as bridges in cities and strategic boarder areas is of paramount importance. With this concern the effect of skew angle on the performance of a single span reinforced concrete (RC) bridge deck supported on three symmetrically placed RC girders under blast loading generated by1000kgTNT charge located above and below the mid-section of the central girder at a standoff distance of 0.5 m has been investigated using ABAQUS/CAE. Analyses have been p

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19

Kohrt, Holbrook E., Samit Patel, Michelle Ho, Terri Owen, Ravindra Majeti, Jason R. Gotlib, Steve Coutre, Bruno C. Medeiros, and Ash A. Alizadeh. "Is Time of the Essence in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)? Time to Blast Clearance and Time to Induction Therapy Fail to Predict Overall Survival (OS)." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1617.1617.

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Abstract Abstract 1617 Poster Board I-643 Background A rapid decline of circulating blasts in response to induction therapy is one of the most important prognostic factors of clinical outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the prognostic significance of time to blast clearance in adult AML has not been well-established. The Mayo Clinic recently reported improved OS with early clearance ('3 days) of peripheral blood (PB) blasts among 86 adult patients with AML. In a separate series, age is suggested to modify the effect of time with shorter interval from diagnosis to induct

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20

Lan, Chenchen, Yuejun Hao, Jiannan Shao, Shuhui Zhang, Ran Liu, and Qing Lyu. "Effect of H2 on Blast Furnace Ironmaking: A Review." Metals 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111864.

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Under the background of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutralization”, the green transformation of iron and steel enterprises is imminent. The hydrogen-rich smelting technology of blast furnaces is very important for reducing energy consumption and CO2 emission in ironmaking systems, and it is one of the important directions of green and low-carbon development of iron and steel enterprises. In this paper, the research status of the thermal state, reduction mechanism of iron-bearing burden, coke degradation behavior, and formation of the cohesive zone in various areas of blast furnace after hydr

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Yogarajah, Meera, Phuong L. Nguyen, Rong He, Hassan Alkhateeb, Mithun Vinod Shah, Mrinal Mahesh Patnaik, Naseema Gangat, et al. "Discrepancy of blast percentage between the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy and its impact on survival outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes excess blast (MDS-EB)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 7053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.7053.

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7053 Background: The revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) aids in prognosticating MDS. The percentage (%) of blasts in the bone marrow is one of the major determinants of the scoring system. The aspirate blast % is utilized as the standard of care, but there could be discrepancies in the blast % reported by the aspirate and the biopsy. We aim to study the possible use of bone marrow biopsy blasts in MDS-EB in calculating IPSS-R. Methods: The MDS database was reviewed for cases of MDS-EB after due IRB approval. We calculated IPSS-R scores based on the aspirate blast % (IPSS-

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22

Ramulu, M., and T. G. Sitharam. "Blast Induced Damage Due to Repeated Vibrations in Jointed Gneiss Rock Formation." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 110–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgee.2010090807.

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Blasting is the most common method of rock excavation technique in mining and civil construction and infrastructure projects. Rock blasting produces seismic waves similar to those produced by earthquakes, but with relatively high frequency and low amplitude. General blast induced damage was extensively studied by researchers globally, but the studies on damage due to repeated blast vibrations is not yet reported, quantitatively, on underground openings. This paper deals with the research work carried on the effect of repeated dynamic loading imparted on the jointed rock mass from subsequent bl

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Zhang, Zong-Xian, Li Yuan Chi, and Qingbin Zhang. "Effect of Specimen Placement on Model Rock Blasting." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 54, no. 8 (April 29, 2021): 3945–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02480-5.

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AbstractSmall-scale model blasting plays an important role in understanding mechanism of rock fragmentation by blasting and improving blast technology in rock and mining engineering. Because a specimen (or model) often needs to be placed on either a ground or another material in model blasting, an additional interface appears between the specimen and the ground (or material), compared with an engineering blast that does not have such an interface. In this paper, four model blasts with high-speed photography were presented. The results showed that: (1) as the impedance of a rock specimen was sm

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Baluch, Khaqan, Heon-Joon Park, Jung-Gyu Kim, Young-Hun Ko, and Gunwoong Kim. "Enhancing Rock Blasting Efficiency in Mining and Tunneling: A Comparative Study of Shear-Thickening Fluid Stemming and Plug Device Performance." Applied Sciences 14, no. 13 (June 21, 2024): 5395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14135395.

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Stemming has a major impact on energy containment inside a blasting hole and is essential for increasing the efficacy of explosive charges in rock blasting. This method is essential in many fields, including road project development, mining, tunneling, and underground construction. By fortifying the confinement of the energy generated by a loaded explosive charge in a blasting hole, stemming increases the fragmentation of rock. Improper or missing stemming leads to the gas escaping in advance from blast holes, resulting not only in the wastage of explosive energy and poor fragmentation but als

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Zhang, Rui, Weibo Huang, Ping Lyu, Shuai Yan, Xu Wang, and Jiahui Ju. "Polyurea for Blast and Impact Protection: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 2670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132670.

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Polyurea has attracted extensive attention from researchers and engineers in the field of blast and impact protection due to its excellent quasi-static mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties. Its mechanical properties and energy absorption capacity have been tuned by means of formulation optimization, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and the addition of reinforcing materials. Owing to the special molecular structure of polyurea, the mechanism of polyurea protection against blasts and impacts is the simultaneous effect of multiple properties. For different substrates and stru

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Stewart, Mark G., Michael D. Netherton, and Hayden Baldacchino. "Observed airblast variability and model error from repeatable explosive field trials." International Journal of Protective Structures 11, no. 2 (August 26, 2019): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419619871305.

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Explosive field trials have been conducted to measure the peak incident pressure, impulse and time of positive phase duration following the detonation of 15 different masses of the Plastic Explosive No #4. A novel aspect of these field trials was the repeatability of tests. Eight pressure gauges collected data during each blast, and at each scaled distance. In all, 4 blasts were conducted for each scaled distance (i.e. up to 32 measurements recorded for each scaled distance) – 60 blasts were fired in total. Consequently, this repeatability of testing allowed the mean and variance of blast pres

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Gao, Qidong, Wenbo Lu, Zhendong Leng, Zhaowei Yang, Yuzhu Zhang, and Haoran Hu. "Effect of Initiation Location within Blasthole on Blast Vibration Field and Its Mechanism." Shock and Vibration 2019 (December 6, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5386014.

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In drill and blast, the explosive filled in each blasthole is cylindrically shaped and generally initiated by the detonator. Thus, the effect of the initiation location must be addressed, as it determines the detonation direction along the entire column explosive. In this paper, the effect of the initiation location on blast vibration field and its acting mechanism were comprehensively investigated through the theoretical, computational, and experimental approaches. The results indicate that the initiation location plays an important role in the blast vibration filed of the cylindrical charge.

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Zheng, Zejun, Jun Yu, Fangfang Wei, and Jun Wu. "Numerical study of blast performance of concrete filled double-steel-plate composite walls." International Journal of Protective Structures 11, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419619845010.

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Currently, terrorism attack is one of the main concerns in public safety, although the probability of such attack is fairly low. From the perspective of multi-hazard mitigation, it is expected that the structural members that are used to resist earthquakes or winds in buildings should also reduce the vulnerability to blast. Concrete filled double-steel-plate composite walls are one of the novel structural members which are used as shear walls, in which concrete is filled between two steel plates and connected to them through shear studs. In this article, finite-element-based analyses were carr

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Gonen, Alper. "Investigation of Fault Effect on Blast-Induced Vibration." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052278.

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The propagation of blast-induced vibration velocity in the rock mass varies depending on many parameters. Due to a large number of effective parameters and the variability in the rock mass environment, it is not possible to create a vibration velocity propagation model using all of these parameters. On the other hand, it is important to determine the blast vibration velocity level in urban infrastructure works and mining operations near settlements. Recent studies on the subject have been interested in the determination of blast-induced vibration velocity by the back analysis estimations of ad

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Li, Zhi Zhong, De Gao Tang, Zheng Liu, Yu Long Xue, and Wei Wei Li. "Numerical Analysis on Protective Effectiveness of Composite Blast Walls against Blast Wave." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.368.

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For the comparative analysis of composite blast walls on the protective effects of blast wave, Overpressure protective effectiveness coefficient was put forward to analyze protective effectiveness and . It was studied that Protective effectiveness of composite blast walls under blast waves using 3D numerical simulation method and analysis of the amount of drugs, explosive distance, height and other structural parameters on protective effect of composite structures. The influence of several factors on forecasting formula was analyzed, such as scaled blast distance and scaled height of wall. Via

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Wei, Dongxu, and Li Wei. "Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Catalyst on Explosives Detonation Performance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2459, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2459/1/012011.

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Abstract Previous studies on the effect of the blast shock wave are mainly based on experiments. However, due to the extremely short duration of the blast shock, usually within several dozen milliseconds, the blast shock wave will have gone from peak to zero, causing a significant impact on the accuracy of experimental results. In recent years, numerical simulation has become an important method to study the effect of the blast. To study the influence of catalysts on the combustion performance of explosives, this paper intends to study the effect of catalysts on the combustion and explosion pe

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Schwartz, Cindy L., E. Brad Thompson, Richard D. Gelber, Mary L. Young, David Chilton, Harvey J. Cohen, and Stephen E. Sallan. "Improved Response With Higher Corticosteroid Dose in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 4 (February 15, 2001): 1040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.4.1040.

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PURPOSE: We investigated whether there was a dose-response relationship for the use of corticosteroids in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred sixty-nine patients, ages 1 to 18 years with ALL, were randomly assigned to receive one of four different doses of corticosteroid (prednisolone 40 mg/m2/d or dexamethasone 6, 18, or 150 mg/m2/d) administered as a 3-day, single-drug window before initiation of standard, multidrug induction chemotherapy. Corticosteroid drug response was measured by reduction in bone marrow blast counts and absolute peripheral b

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Yan, Bing, Ming Liu, Qingsheng Meng, Yao Li, Shenggui Deng, and Tao Liu. "Study on the Vibration Variation of Rock Slope Based on Numerical Simulation and Fitting Analysis." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 4208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094208.

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In engineering blasting, the slope surfaces in the blasting area exert various effects on the blast vibration velocity. For example, the slope effect and the whipping effect are generated in the slope area, which will influence the blast vibration velocity. The slope area is the key protection area for many projects; therefore, it is of practical value to explore the influence of slope surface on blast vibration speed for the prediction of blast vibration and protection against it. The influence of slope effect and whipping effect on blast vibration velocity in the slope area was analyzed by n

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34

Michaux, J. L., F. Naaim-Bouvet, M. Naaim, M. Lehning, and G. Guyomarc’h. "Effect of unsteady wind on drifting snow: first investigations." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2, no. 3/4 (December 31, 2002): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2-129-2002.

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Abstract. Wind is not always a steady flow. It can oscillate, producing blasts. However, most of the current numerical models of drifting snow are constrained by one major assumption: forcing winds are steady and uniform. Moreover, very few studies have been done to verify this hypothesis, because of the lack of available instrumentation and measurement difficulties. Therefore, too little is known about the possible role of wind gust in drifting snow. In order to better understand the effect of unsteady winds, we have performed both experiments at the climatic wind tunnel at the CSTB (Centre S

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35

Ma, Qin-yong, Pu Yuan, Jing-shuang Zhang, Rui-qiu Ma, and Bo Han. "Blast-Induced Damage on Millisecond Blasting Model Test with Multicircle Vertical Blastholes." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/504043.

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To investigate the blast-induced damage effect on surrounding rock in vertical shaft excavation, 4 kinds of millisecond blasting model tests with three-circle blastholes were designed and carried out with excavation blasting in vertical shaft as the background. The longitudinal wave velocity on the side of concrete model was also measured before and after blasting. Then blast damage factor was then calculated by measuring longitudinal wave velocity before and after blasting. The test results show that the blast-induced damage factor attenuated gradually with the centre of three-circle blasthol

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LeFor, A. T., A. Eisenthal, and S. A. Rosenberg. "Heterogeneity of lymphokine-activated killer cells induced by IL-2. Separate lymphoid subpopulations lyse tumor, allogeneic blasts, and modified syngeneic blasts." Journal of Immunology 140, no. 11 (June 1, 1988): 4062–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.11.4062.

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Abstract Murine splenocytes incubated for 3 to 4 days with the lymphokine, IL-2, acquire the ability to mediate the lysis of a wide variety of fresh tumor targets in short term chromium release assays. We undertook these studies to examine the lysis of splenocyte blasts by these lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, to help gain an understanding of the mechanisms of target cell recognition. Allogeneic blast targets but not syngeneic blasts are highly lysable by LAK effector cells. By using congenic mice, we have shown that only the H-2 haplotype, and not other differences, determines the re

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Alterman, Dariusz, Mark G. Stewart, and Michael D. Netherton. "Probabilistic assessment of airblast variability and fatality risk estimation for explosive blasts in confined building spaces." International Journal of Protective Structures 10, no. 3 (May 15, 2019): 306–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419619849083.

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Explosive blasts in confined building spaces, such as lobbies or foyers, can amplify blast loads. This article uses the computational fluid dynamics model ProsAir to estimate blast loads in a typical ground floor lobby of a commercial or government building. Monte-Carlo simulation is used to probabilistically model the effect that variability and uncertainty of charge mass and location, net equivalent quantity factor, temperature, atmospheric pressure and model errors have on airblast variability. The analysis then calculates the probability of casualties due to the effects of pressure and imp

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Qin, Tiange, Mingze Wu, Lin Jia, Lingli Xie, and Li Wu. "Effects of Vibration on Adjacent Pipelines under Blasting Excavation." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010121.

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Exploring a pipeline’s response to blast vibration during tunnel excavation is critical for ensuring the safety of the pipeline. In this paper, the vibration monitoring and numerical simulation methods are used to evaluate the dynamic response of ground soil and pipelines to blasts. The attenuation law of peak particle velocity (PPV) and the distribution characteristics of peak effective stress (PES) in pipe sections under different working conditions are studied. The following findings are recorded: (1) A three-dimensional model considering in situ stress is established, and it is found the t

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Elnasri, Ibrahim, and Han Zhao. "Impact Response of Sacrificial Cladding Structure with an Alporas Aluminum Foam Core Under Blast Loading." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 08 (September 2020): 2050094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825120500945.

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This paper presents numerical and analytical studies of the response of a sacrificial cladding structure with an Alporas aluminum foam core and a thick mild steel cover and rear plates under blast loading. A suitable numerical model in LS-DYNA based on the coupled Load Blast Enhanced/Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (LBE/MM-ALE) methods is selected and validated using the experimental data available in the literature. The shock front propagation and micro-inertia effects are responsible for the strength enhancement predicted in the virtual blast test. Two models with different deca

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van Oudenallen, R. G., P. Verbraak, H. A. M. Geerdes, and M. G. O. Klaassen. "Blast furnace circumferential process symmetry: effect of flow distribution in hot blast systems." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 38, no. 7 (October 2011): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030192311x13135947813979.

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41

Kozyrev, S. A., E. A. Vlasova, A. V. Sokolov, and E. A. Usachev. "Evaluation of the efficient application of «Iskra-T» electronic initiating devices in terms of crushing and seismic action of face blasts." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 2/2021 (May 10, 2021): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2021-2-107-113.

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The paper justifies the optimal delay time in non-synchronous fan blasting with the most optimal delay time between the holes being 15 ms. Experiments were conducted to assess the breaking conditions and seismic effects of face blasts in the underground conditions of the Rasvumchorrsky mine using the Iskra-T electronic initiating systems with delay times of 10, 15 and 20 ms. With the delay times of 10 and 15 ms there is no clear segregation of the blast stages and interference of compression waves, created by consecutively blasted charges, takes place, while their joint interaction leads to in

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Yu, Xiao, Li Chen, Qin Fang, Xiaofeng Hou, and Yi Fan. "Blast mitigation effect of the layered concrete structure with an air gap: A numerical approach." International Journal of Protective Structures 9, no. 4 (May 3, 2018): 432–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419618766951.

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Abstract (sommario):

A novel layered concrete structure with an air gap was proposed to resist explosion attacks from terrorist bombings or conventional weapons. The proposed layered structure potentially benefits mitigating the blast wave induced from detonation in the predamaged concrete shelter layer by projectile penetration, because the wave impedance between air and concrete material is far different. To quantitatively evaluate the blast mitigation effects and reveal the blast-resistant mechanism, a fine numerical model of the proposed layered structure was built in LS-DYNA, in which trinitrotoluene explosiv

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De Stefano, V., L. Teofili, S. Sica, S. Mastrangelo, A. Di Mario, S. Rutella, P. Salutari, C. Rumi, G. d'Onofrio, and G. Leone. "Effect of all-trans retinoic acid on procoagulant and fibrinolytic activities of cultured blast cells from patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia." Blood 86, no. 9 (November 1, 1995): 3535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.9.3535.bloodjournal8693535.

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The mechanisms underlying acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) coagulopathy and its reversal by administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) have been investigated. Bone marrow promyelocytic blasts from nine patients with APL were cultured with or without ATRA 1 mumol/L. Cultured blasts (days 0, 3, 6, and 9) were washed, resuspended in phosphate buffer, lysed by freezing and thawing, and then assayed for procoagulant activity (PCA), elastase activity, tissue factor (TF) antigen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen and urokinase- type plasminogen activator (u-PA) antigen. PCA was

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Li, Yan, Tingfang Jian, Tongxiang Ma, Meilong Hu, Leizhang Gao, and Yu Yang. "Effect of titanium on the skull formation of the blast furnace hearth." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 4 (2020): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020042.

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Abstract (sommario):

The erosion of the blast furnace hearth has become one of the key factors affecting the life of the blast furnace, because of the limited on-line monitoring and control means in the blast furnace hearth area, the burn-through accidents of the blast furnace hearth and bottom occur occasionally. In this work, based on the self-built platform of heat flow regulation, the control mechanism of the high melting phases of TiC is studied. The on-line control mechanism of the hearth erosion by adding titanium-containing materials was discussed. There are three steps for the on-line control of iromaking

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Pustika, Arlyna B., Setyorini Widyayanti, and Khojin Supriadi. "Blast and Bacterial Diseases of Some Seed-dressed Rice Varieties in Yogyakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1172, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1172/1/012038.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Pyricularia grisea (blast disease) and bacterial diseases resulted rice yield loss. Tolerant varieties and seed-dressing are expected reduces the disease. This research was aimed to define the effect of tolerant varieties and seed - dressing to the incidence of blast and bacterial diseases. Research was conducted at endemic area in Yogyakarta Indonesia from November 2021 to March 2022. The experiment was designed in randomized block with 2 factors and 4 replications. Factor 1 was variety: Inpari 32 HDB, Inpari 45 Dirgahayu and Inpari 48 Blas as tolerant variety and Sunggal as common v

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Hoang, T., A. Haman, O. Goncalves, GG Wong, and SC Clark. "Interleukin-6 enhances growth factor-dependent proliferation of the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia." Blood 72, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v72.2.823.823.

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Abstract The effects of recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the proliferation of blast precursors present in the peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) was investigated. IL-6 had little effect by itself; however, it synergized with granulocyte macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) in the stimulation of AML blast colony formation. Responsiveness of blast progenitors to IL-6 was heterogeneous. On normal bone marrow cells the same synergy was observed on granulocyte and monocyte precursors (GM-CFC), while there was no significant effe

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Hoang, T., A. Haman, O. Goncalves, GG Wong, and SC Clark. "Interleukin-6 enhances growth factor-dependent proliferation of the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia." Blood 72, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v72.2.823.bloodjournal722823.

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Abstract (sommario):

The effects of recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the proliferation of blast precursors present in the peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) was investigated. IL-6 had little effect by itself; however, it synergized with granulocyte macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) in the stimulation of AML blast colony formation. Responsiveness of blast progenitors to IL-6 was heterogeneous. On normal bone marrow cells the same synergy was observed on granulocyte and monocyte precursors (GM-CFC), while there was no significant effect on ery

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48

Rosas, Juan E., Maia Escobar, Sebastián Martínez, Pedro Blanco, Fernando Pérez, Gastón Quero, Lucía Gutiérrez, and Victoria Bonnecarrère. "Epistasis and Quantitative Resistance to Pyricularia oryzae Revealed by GWAS in Advanced Rice Breeding Populations." Agriculture 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120622.

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Abstract (sommario):

Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae is a major rice disease worldwide. Despite the detailed knowledge on major resistance genes available to date, little is known about how these genes interact with quantitative blast resistance loci and with the genetic background. Knowledge on these interactions is crucial for assessing the usefulness of introgressed resistance loci in breeding germplasm. Our goal was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for blast resistance in rice breeding populations and to describe how they interact among each other and with the genetic background. To that end,

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49

Kuendgen, Andrea, Corinna Strupp, Kathrin Nachtkamp, Barbara Hildebrandt, Rainer Haas, Norbert Gattermann, and Ulrich Germing. "Varying Importance of Prognostic Factors in Subgroups of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Defined by Blast Count, Cytogenetic Risk Group, or WHO Classification." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2776.2776.

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Abstract Abstract 2776 Poster Board II-752 Introduction: We wondered whether prognostic factors have similar relevance in different subpopulations of MDS patients. Methods: Our analysis was based on patients with primary, untreated MDS, including 181 RA, 169 RARS, 649 RCMD, 322 RSCMD, 79 5q-syndromes, 290 RAEB I, 324 RAEB II, 266 CMML I, 64 CMML II, and 209 RAEB-T. The impact of prognostic variables in univariate analysis was compared in subpopulations of patients defined by medullary blast count, namely <5%, ≥5% (table), ≥10%, and ≥20% (not shown), as well as 3 subpopulations defined by th

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Nawar, Mahmoud, Alaa Ata, Marwa Nabil, and Sally Hassan. "Numerical analysis of underground tunnels subjected to surface blast loads." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 15, no. 55 (December 28, 2020): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.55.12.

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The increased terrorist attacks on important public structures and utilities have raised the vital necessity for the investigation of performance of structures under blast loads to improve the design and enhance the behavior of structures subjected to such threats. In this study, 3-D ﬁnite element analysis is used to study the effect of surface explosions on the response of RC bored tunnels. The soil behavior is modelled using Drucker-Prager Cap model. Two types of soil are investigated, and the blast load is considered through various weights of TNT explosive charges at heights of 0.50 m and

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