Articoli di riviste: "Bovine brucellosis"

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Olsen, Steven, e Fred Tatum. "Bovine Brucellosis". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 26, n. 1 (marzo 2010): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.10.006.

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Meng, Yang, e He Zhuqing. "Exploration Practice of Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Bovine Brucella". E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 03047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018503047.

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Bovine brucellosis is bovine brucellosis, a zoonotic infectious disease. It has the characteristics of wide distribution and great harm, which seriously hinders the improvement of economic benefits of the cattle industry. With the rapid development of economic exchanges, livestock breeding and trading activities between regions have become more frequent, and the epidemic of bovine brucellosis has gradually spread. China's "Animal Epidemic Prevention Law" stipulates brucellosis as a second-class infectious disease, which is caused by Brucella. Cattle infections can cause abortion, stillbirth, infertility, lameness and orchitis, which pose a huge threat to the development of the breeding industry. With the continuous expansion of the number and scale of domestic cattle raising, the epidemic situation of brucellosis has rebounded. This article is mainly aimed at the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of bovine brucellosis, and puts forward opinions and suggestions based on the actual situation.

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Neta, Alcina V. Carvalho, Juliana P. S. Mol, Mariana N. Xavier, Tatiane A. Paixão, Andrey P. Lage e Renato L. Santos. "Pathogenesis of bovine brucellosis". Veterinary Journal 184, n. 2 (maggio 2010): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.04.010.

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Santos, Renato L., Telma M. Martins, Álan M. Borges e Tatiane A. Paixão. "Economic losses due to bovine brucellosis in Brazil". Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, n. 6 (giugno 2013): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2013000600012.

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Brucellosis is an important zoonosis of worldwide distribution. Reliable epidemiologic brucellosis data covering approximately 90% of the cattle population in Brazil have been recently published. Therefore, considering the scarcity of information regarding the economic impact of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, the goal of this study was to estimate economic impact of brucellosis on the Brazilian cattle industry. Several parameters including abortion and perinatal mortality rates, temporary infertility, replacement costs, mortality, veterinary costs, milk and meat losses were considered in the model. Bovine brucellosis in Brazil results in an estimated loss of R$ 420,12 or R$ 226,47 for each individual dairy or beef infected female above 24 months of age, respectively. The total estimated losses in Brazil attributed to bovine brucellosis were estimated to be approximately R$ 892 million (equivalent to about 448 million American dollars). Every 1% increase or decrease in prevalence is expected to increase or decrease the economic burden of brucellosis in approximately 155 million Reais.

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Motta-Delgado, Pablo Andrés, Ricardo Alberto Martínez-Tovar, Marliyanini Londoño-Giraldo, Erika Paola Rojas-Vargas e Wilmer Herrera-Valencia. "Sero-prevalence of brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in bovines from Caquetá state, Colombia". Ciencia y Agricultura 17, n. 1 (9 febbraio 2020): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v17.n1.2020.9917.

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Brucellosis is a disease with implications in the public health due both to its zoonotic character as its easy transmission trough of dairy products contaminated with the microorganism Brucella sp. The aim of this article was determinate the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in nine municipalities that carrying the 75% of bovine population in the Caquetá state, Colombia. Blood samples were collected in 100 herds dedicates to dual-purpose cattle, obtained blood serum from 1000 animals, of which 882 corresponding to cows. Rose Bengal Plate Test was performed and the confirmations of positive cases were made by competitive Elisa. The sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Caquetá state was of 3.23% (95%, CI: 0-6.53%), in males 2.6% and females 3.29% respectively. At the municipal level, the sero-prevalence varied of 0 to 6.06%. The prevalence of brucellosis at herd level was of 22% (95%, CI: 12.24-31.76%). In conclusion, the sero-prevalence is low in bovines but moderate at the level of herds, therefore, it is necessary to increase the performance of the official control entities at the level of herds to reduce the high prevalence of the disease for guaranteed the safety of milk and thus the health of consumers.

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Ribeiro, Claudia Mello, Jonas Lotufo Brant de Carvalho, Paula Andrea de Santis Bastos, Rodrigo Guerrero Mendes, Satie Katagiri e Veruska Maia da Costa. "Spatial and temporal trend analysis of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, 2014 to 2018". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, n. 4 (13 maggio 2020): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1279.

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Bovine brucellosis, a zoonotic disease endemic to Brazil, is a serious public health problem. It is a notifiable disease that, like tuberculosis, is regulated through a national control and eradication program. The epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis must be characterized in order to direct measures aimed at controlling the disease. This study focused on analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of bovine brucellosis in Brazil. An ecological and time series study was conducted based on secondary data reported by the National Animal Health Information System for cases of bovine brucellosis diagnosed in Brazil (2014 - 2018). The gross and average incidence rate of brucellosis was estimated per state. Joinpoint regression was applied to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) in incidence and to identify states with significant trend changes. Spatial analysis of animals with brucellosis was performed using Kernel density estimation. A total of 19,631 animals with bovine brucellosis were confirmed, and the average incidence rate varied from 0.03 to 33.93/100,000 cattle in Brazil. The highest density of positive animals was found in the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná, which can be considered areas of greater transmission of Brucella abortus. Reductions in gross incidence rates were observed in Paraná (APC: -13.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -20.3 – -5.4; p=0.01), Rondônia (APC: -44.7; 95%CI: -62.0 - -19.4; p=0.01), Mato Grosso do Sul (APC: -59.0; 95%CI: -77.7 - -24.5; p=0.01), Acre (APC: -40.0; 95%CI: -50.0 - -28.0; p=0.00), and Ceará (APC: -37.9; 95%CI: -50.9 - -21.4; p=0.00). The incidence rate significantly increased in Tocantins (APC: 122.1; 95%CI: 4.5 - 372.2; p=0.04). The findings of this study will be helpful in guiding surveillance and prevention measures aimed at reducing the incidence of bovine brucellosis in Brazil.

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Pérez, José, Manuel Quezada, Juana López, Olga Casquet, Miguel A. Sierra e Juana Martin de las Mulas. "Immunohistochemical Detection of Brucella Abortus Antigens in Tissues from Aborted Bovine Fetuses Using a Commercially Available Polyclonal Antibody". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10, n. 1 (gennaio 1998): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879801000104.

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A commercially available polyclonal antibody and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohisto-chemical technique were used to detect Brucella abortus antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of lung and liver from 20 aborted bovine fetuses. Thirteen fetuses were obtained from farms with a previous history of brucellosis, and 7 were collected from farms without a history of brucellosis. Among the 13 aborted bovine fetuses obtained from farms with a history of brucellosis, immunoreactivity to B. abortus was detected in lung (9 fetuses) and in liver (1 fetus), whereas Brucella was cultured from abomasal contents in 9 fetuses (8 were immunohistochemically positive). In addition, 11 dams of these 13 aborted bovine fetuses had antibodies to Brucella. Brucella abortus was not detected by immunohistochemistry in the 7 aborted bovine fetuses collected from farms without a history of brucellosis. Bacteriologic culture and serologic tests were also negative for Brucella. The results of this study revealed that the immunohistochemical technique was sufficiently sensitive for detecting B. abortus antigens in formalin-fixed lung tissues from naturally aborted bovine fetuses. Although additional studies are necessary to rule out cross-reaction of the polyclonal antibody with other microorganisms that cause bovine abortion, this immunohistochemical technique could be a complementary tool to serology and bacteriology for the diagnosis of brucellosis.

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Clementino, Inácio José, e Sérgio Santos de Azevedo. "Bovine brucellosis: epidemiological situation in Brazil and disease control initiatives". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, n. 4 (30 agosto 2016): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4p2021.

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Bovine brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus is present throughout Brazil, whose prevalence distribution shows variations among states and within the productive areas of the states, causing serious losses to cattle production and public health due to risk of transmission to humans. Therefore, since 2001, the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) is being implemented in all Federative Units of Brazil, based on the compulsory vaccination of bovine females, control of animal movement and certification of brucellosis-free herds. This review covers the current epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, issues related to public health and economic importance, as well as Brazilian initiatives to control the disease.

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Noor, Susan Maphilindawati. "DNA Amplification Technique for Detection of Bovine Brucellosis". Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 28, n. 2 (29 giugno 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v28i2.1829.

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Brucellosis is one of cattle diseases which causes a very significant economic loss and categorized as zoonotic disease. Early detection of Brucellosis in livestock is very important to prevent the spread of disease to livestock and humans. The success of Brucellosis control depends on rapid, sensitive and specific detection methods. The aim of this paper is to review several methods of Brucellosis detection in cattle. Currently, the detection of Brucellosis in Indonesia is using serological and isolation methods. The latter method is the gold standard of Brucellosis diagnosis, however, its sensitivity is low. Therefore, molecular techniques with DNA amplification have been developed and applied in many countries both in livestock and humans because they are more sensitive, specific and rapid in detecting Brucella sp in blood, milk and semen samples. Various DNA amplification methods for detection of Brucellosis that have been developed including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), finger printing and loop-mediated isothermal amplificatiom (LAMP). Both PCR and LAMP are more sensitive and specific in detecting Brucella sp than conventional techniques. PCR technique has advantages in detecting Brucella sp species to serotype and biovar levels. In addition, PCR reagents are cheaper and easier to obtain than LAMP eventhough, LAMP procedure is simpler and faster.

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Shrimali, M. D., S. S. Patel, H. C. Chauhan, B. S. Chandel, A. C. Patel, K. K. Sharma, A. I. Dadawala et al. "Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Bovine". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, n. 11 (10 novembre 2019): 1730–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.811.201.

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Bifo, Hadji, Getachew Gugsa, Tsegabirhan Kifleyohannes, Engidaw Abebe e Meselu Ahmed. "Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in Sendafa, Oromia Special Zone surrounding Addis Ababa, Ethiopia". PLOS ONE 15, n. 11 (17 novembre 2020): e0238212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238212.

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Bovine brucellosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by members of genus Brucella, affecting both animals and humans, and resulting in a serious economic loss in animal production sector and deterioration of public health. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to April 2015 to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in Sendafa, Oromia Special Zone, Ethiopia. A total of 503 blood samples were collected using a simple random sampling technique from dairy cattle of above 6 months of age with no history of previous vaccination against brucellosis. All sera samples were subjected to both Rose Bengal Plate Test for screening and Complement Fixation Test for confirmation. Accordingly, the overall seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study area was 0.40%. The result showed that the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study area was not statistically significant with all proposed risk factors. No reactors were observed in male animals. The seroprevalence was observed in animals without previous history of abortion. Moreover, information was gathered on individual animal and farm-level risk factors and other farm characteristics using a questionnaire. Awareness among society was poor, so the positive animals can be a potential hazard to animals and humans in the study area. Therefore, public education should be done to improve the awareness of the community on bovine brucellosis and its public health impact with due consideration on the safe consumption of food of animal origin.

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Mitiku, Wakuma, e Garoma Desa. "Review of Bovine Brucellosis and Its Public Health Significance". Healthcare Review 1, n. 2 (7 dicembre 2020): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47285/hr.v1i2.62.

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Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic bacterial disease caused by a member of the genus Brucella. The disease affects both animals and human beings resulting in a serious economic loss in the animal production sector and deterioration of public health. Bovine brucellosis is highly prevalent and has significant economic and zoonotic implications for the rural communities in consequence of their traditional lifestyles, feeding habits, and disease patterns. The possible sources of infections include all infected tissues, aborted fetuses, vaginal discharges, and potentially contaminated materials. The nature of the pathogenesis of the diseases lies in the presence of the bacteria in the cells and employing various methods to survive in the phagocytic cells. The disease can be transmitted from an infected host to susceptible animals in direct and indirect contact. Various methods are employed for the diagnosis of brucellosis including microscopic examination, culture methods, serological and molecular biology. The public health importance of brucellosis is much related to the infected animal species from which human transmission occurs. The economic importance of brucellosis depends upon the species of animal affected. It can cause considerable losses in cattle as a result of abortion and a reduction in milk yield. The most rational approach for control of Brucella abortus infection is by vaccinating young female animals. To deal with diseases like brucellosis, the public in general and high-risk groups, in particular, should be made aware of the zoonotic and economic importance of brucellosis through veterinary extension education.

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Awah-Ndukum, J., M. M. M. Mouiche, H. N. Bayang, V. Ngu Ngwa, E. Assana, K. J. M. Feussom, T. K. Manchang e P. A. Zoli. "Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis among Indigenous Cattle in the Adamawa and North Regions of Cameroon". Veterinary Medicine International 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3468596.

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A cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted on cattle in the North and Adamawa Regions of Cameroon to investigate the status of bovine brucellosis and identify potential risk factors. The diagnosis was carried out using the Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA (i-ELISA), while questionnaires were used to evaluate risk factors for bovine brucellosis in cattle. The Bayesian approach was used to evaluate the diagnostic tests’ sensitivity and specificity. The overall individual level (n=1031) and herd level (n=82) seroprevalence were 5.4% (0.4–10.5) and 25.6% (16.2–35.0), respectively. Bayesian analysis revealed sensitivity of 58.3% (26.4–92.7) and 89.6% (80.4–99.4) and specificity of 92.1% (88.7–95.2) and 95.7% (91.1–99.7) for RBPT and i-ELISA, respectively. Management related factors such as region, locality, herd size, and knowledge of brucellosis and animal related factors such as sex and age were significantly associated with seropositivity of brucellosis. Zoonotic brucellosis is a neglected disease in Cameroon. The study highlights the need for control measures and the need to raise public awareness of the zoonotic occurrence and transmission of bovine brucellosis in the country. An integrated disease control strategy mimicking the one health approach involving medical personnel, veterinarians, related stakeholders, and affected communities cannot be overemphasized.

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Ararsa, Gudeta, Eyob Hirpa e Morka Amante. "Complement Fixation Test for Specific Antibody Detection against Bovine Brucellosis in Selected Peasant Association of Guto Gida District, East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia". Veterinary Medicine International 2021 (23 giugno 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6668167.

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Brucellosis is one of the major zoonotic diseases yet prevalent in Ethiopia. It is contagious and has harmful effects on free animal movement and export. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in the Loko and Uke peasant association of Guto Gida District. The goal of this study is to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 200 respondents to collect the livestock owner’s perception of this disease. Eighty (80) blood samples were collected from grazing cattle above six months of age. Serum was tested by complement fixation test (CFT) for Brucella antibody detection. Pearson chi-square is used to assess the relation of independent variables such as sex, site, and age with seroprevalence in a 95% confidence interval if P value is less than 0.05, recoded as significant. Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in the present study is 22.5%. Bovine brucellosis prevalence recorded in Uke (28.6%) was higher than that in Loko (21.2%). Again bovine brucellosis is higher in males (30.4%) than females (19.2%). There is prevalence variation among site, sex, and age which is statistically insignificant ( P value>0.05). Survey findings revealed that 52% (104/200) of respondents did not know the causes of abortion, while 48% (96/200) of them confirmed abortion in their herd and 64% (124/200) of respondents removed retained fetal membrane by themselves. Brucellosis is a contagious reproductive disease of cattle with zoonotic implications and needs to design and implement control measures aiming at preventing further spread of the disease.

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Tin, SimSai, e Viroj Wiwanitkit. "Method for surveillance of bovine brucellosis". Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 8, n. 4 (2015): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1755-6783.162407.

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Samartino, Luis E., e Fred M. Enright. "Pathogenesis of abortion of bovine brucellosis". Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 16, n. 2 (aprile 1993): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-9571(93)90001-l.

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Arla, Juma, Muça Gerald, Koni Anita, Turmalaj Luigj e Koleci Xhelil. "Bovine brucellosis serological survey in small dairy herds in Lushnja district, Albania". German Journal of Veterinary Research 2, n. 1 (maggio 2022): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2022.1.0038.

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Bovine brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease in Albania. Both B. abortus and B. melitensis have been isolated from ruminants. National control and eradication programs for brucellosis are applied on sheep and goat farms and larger dairy cattle farms. However, the current control programs for brucellosis do not cover small dairy cattle farms, and there is no valid data on the prevalence of the disease in this category; this prevents formulating evidence-based and effective strategies for control of the disease in this population subset. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the herd and within-herd prevalence of bovine brucellosis in small bovine herds and provide scientific evidence for establishing an evidence-based approach to control the disease in this subset of the population not previously included in the national eradication program. To achieve this objective, a statistical survey was designed and implemented in small dairy herds in the Lushnja district, where samples from statistically selected herds were serologically tested in parallel with Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In total, 120 dairy herds were randomly selected from a list of 1,955 registered herds: from these selected herds, 368 blood samples were collected from all animals older than 12 months, and their sera were tested using RBT, FPA, and c-ELISA. The test results revealed no positive or suspect cases. Based on these results, we are confident (P0.05) that Brucella spp is not circulating in this subpopulation of cattle in the Lushja district. This deduction is supported by analyses of the main risk factors, other epidemiological data, and the perceptions of official and private veterinarians. This is the first structured survey of bovine brucellosis in small dairy herds in Albania. In conclusion, our study results and our findings show that the epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis in the Lushnja district is encouraging. Therefore, a test and slaughter control program appears appropriate in smaller herds. Furthermore, the approach used in this pilot study could be extended to establish the prevalence of brucellosis in other districts, the result of which would establish the basis for rational control measures in the smaller herds of cattle.

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Hassan, Hussein, Ali Salami, Ghassan Ghssein, Jeanne El-Hage, Nada Nehme e Rana Awada. "Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus in cattle in Southern Lebanon using different diagnostic tests". October-2020 13, n. 10 (2020): 2234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2234-2242.

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Background and Aim: Brucellosis is endemic zoonotic and highly contagious bacterial disease. Recently, several brucellosis cases were reported in Lebanon, causing significant economic losses; however, no study was done so far on farms located in the southern part of the country. Thus, the aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of Brucella abortus in South Lebanon using three different serological tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle. Materials and Methods: Seventeen farms from 14 locations in Southern Lebanon were selected. Two hundred and three bovine blood samples of different ages, and 121 milk samples collected from older than 2 years cattle were tested using different serological tests: Rose Bengal test (RBT), milk ring test (MRT), indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), and confirmed with competitive ELISA (C-ELISA). Results: Results revealed that approximately 15.3% (confidence interval [CI] 95 10.3-20.2%) and 15.7% (CI 95 9.2-22.2%) of samples were positive using RBT and MRT, respectively. This percentage was significantly higher when using I-ELISA (18.3%) (CI 95 12.9-23.5%) and C-ELISA (18.7%) (CI 95 9.8-27.5%). Among used diagnostic tests, our results showed that ELISA was more accurate for the detection of brucellosis, especially since it detects the late stages of the infection, which is characterized by the presence of immunoglobulin G. The seroprevalence of brucellosis was higher among females. All positive tests were of cattle Holstein breed older than 2 years. Tyre and Jezzine cities had a higher significance in bovine brucellosis than Saida. A positive correlation between human and cattle brucellosis was found. Conclusion: Our results showed that bovine brucellosis is prevalent in southern Lebanon. Lack of research, in addition to little feedback of occurring illness or symptoms, creates a gap in helping to control the spread of the disease.

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Paixão, Tatiane A., Fernando P. Poester, Alcina V. Carvalho Neta, Álan M. Borges, Andrey P. Lage e Renato L. Santos. "NRAMP1 3′ Untranslated Region Polymorphisms Are Not Associated with Natural Resistance to Brucella abortus in Cattle". Infection and Immunity 75, n. 5 (12 marzo 2007): 2493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01855-06.

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ABSTRACT The NRAMP1 gene encodes a divalent cation transporter, located in the phagolysosomal membrane of macrophages, that has been associated with resistance to intracellular pathogens. In cattle, natural resistance against brucellosis has been associated with polymorphisms at the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the NRAMP1 gene, which are detectable by single-strand conformational analysis (SSCA). This study aimed to evaluate the association between NRAMP1 3′UTR polymorphisms and resistance against bovine brucellosis in experimental and natural infections. In experimentally infected pregnant cows, abortion occurred in 42.1% of cows with a resistant genotype (SSCAr; n = 19) and in 43.1% of those with a susceptible genotype (SSCAs; n = 23). Furthermore, no association between intensity of pathological changes and genotype was detected. In a farm with a very high prevalence of bovine brucellosis, the percentages of strains of the SSCAr genotype were 86 and 84% in serologically positive (n = 64) and negative (n = 36) cows, respectively. Therefore, no association was found between the NRAMP1-resistant allele and the resistant phenotype in either experimental or naturally occurring brucellosis. To further support these results, bacterial intracellular survival was assessed in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages from cattle with either the resistant or susceptible genotype. In agreement with our previous results, no difference was observed in the rates of intracellular survival of B. abortus within macrophages from cattle with susceptible or resistant genotypes. Taken together, these results indicate that these polymorphisms at the NRAMP1 3′UTR do not affect resistance against B. abortus in cattle and that they are therefore not suitable markers of natural resistance against bovine brucellosis.

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Diniz, Jefferson Viana Alves, Renato Mesquita Peixoto, Laine Oliveira Silva, Marina Marie Bento Nogueira, Rosano Ramos de Freitas e Rafael Augusto Satrapa. "Brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in dairy farms in the state of Acre, Brazil". Acta Veterinaria Brasilica 15, n. 2 (6 luglio 2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/avb.2021.15.2.9663.

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This study aimed to evaluate the to evaluate the occurrence rate of bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis in dairy herds of Acre State, Brazil. The survey was performed on 487 lactating cows distributed across 27 farms in seven cities from June 2018 to February 2019. Farms were selected according to the following criteria: volume of milk production (150 L/day), distance to an urban perimeter (43 km), and time of dairy activity (12 years). For the diagnosis of brucellosis, buffered acidified plate antigen (BAPA) and complement fixation (CF) tests were used. Among the investigated animals, the occurrence rates for brucellosis and tuberculosis were 1.88% (9/487) and 1.23% (6/487), respectively; among the investigated farms, 11.11% (3/27) and 22.2% (6/27) had livestock diagnosed as positive for brucellosis and tuberculosis, respectively. The farms with tuberculosis-positive cattle possessed some common features with respect to herd size. These farms had considerable herd sizes, which were reared extensively in pastures shared with other susceptible or pathogen-carrying animals. In conclusion, the occurrence rate of bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis in dairy herds from Acre state is, in general, lower than that observed in other states of Brazil. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need for developing strategies to control and eradicate both diseases to prevent eventual outbreaks and pathogen dissemination.

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Govindasamy, Krpasha, Eric M. C. Etter, Peter Geertsma e Peter N. Thompson. "Progressive Area Elimination of Bovine Brucellosis, 2013–2018, in Gauteng Province, South Africa: Evaluation Using Laboratory Test Reports". Pathogens 10, n. 12 (9 dicembre 2021): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121595.

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Bovine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of global public health and economic importance. South Africa has had a national bovine brucellosis eradication scheme since 1979; however, no published report on elimination progress from any province exists. We analysed laboratory test results of all cattle herds participating in the Gauteng Provincial Veterinary Services’ eradication scheme between 2013 and 2018. Herd reactor status and within-herd seroprevalence, modelled using mixed-effects logistic and negative binomial regression models, respectively, showed no significant change over the period. However, provincial State Vet Areas, Randfontein (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.1; p < 0.001) and Germiston (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.5–2.5, p = 0.008) had higher odds of reactor herds than the Pretoria Area and within-herd prevalence count ratios for these areas were 1.5-fold greater than the Pretoria State Vet Area (p < 0.001). Reactor herds were associated with increased herd size (p < 0.001) and larger herd sizes were associated with lower within-herd prevalence (p < 0.001). Despite no evidence of significant progress toward bovine brucellosis elimination in Gauteng province, variability in bovine brucellosis prevalence between State Vet Areas exists. A public health and farmer-supported strategy of ongoing district-based surveillance and cattle vaccination targeting small- to medium-sized herds combined with compulsory test and slaughter of reactors in larger herds is recommended for the province.

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Kenea, Tigist, e Bekele Megersa. "Bovine brucellosis: Seroepidemiology and herder’s knowledge, attitude and practices in Bench Maji zone, southern Ethiopia". Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 25, n. 1 (26 aprile 2021): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v25i1.2.

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Brucellosis is a major public and animal health problem in many parts of the world, particularly in pastoral settings where livestock is a major livelihood and food sources. Effective prevention and control of brucellosis depends on knowledge, attitude and practices of the community. This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2018 and April 2019 in Bench Maji zone, with the objectives of investigating the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis, and assessing the knowledge and practices of herders. A questionnaire survey (n=300) and collection of blood samples (n=772) were carried out. The sera samples were screened using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and positive ones were further confirmed by using Complement Fixation Test (CFT). Results showed that 25 (3.24%) and 15 (1.94%) of the 772 animals were positive for RBPT and CFT. This shows an overall sero-prevalence of 1.94%, (95% CI: 0.97- 0.2.92%) bovine brucellosis in the study area. The highest prevalence, 2.74%, was recorded at Menitshasha district while no positive case was recorded at Menitgoldiya districts. Large herd size (OR=4.7) and migration (OR=3.52) showed association with seropositivity. Cows with abortion history had higher likelihood of seropositive than other groups. Majority of the pastoralists (72.7%) did not have information and basic knowledge about brucellosis, whereas about 27.3% of them heard about it and very small proportion (3.3%) knew its zoonotic importance. All of the respondents were practicing high risk behavior of acquiring the infection. Demographic factors such as education, family size and age of herders were found to have effects on knowledge of herders. Low level of knowledge, high-risk practices and willingness of herders to know more about brucellosis call for improving public awareness on zoonotic significance of the diseases through integrating animal health and public health extension services Keywords: Attitude, Bovine; Brucellosis; Ethiopia, Knowledge; Practices; Prevalence; Risk factors

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Silva, Nairléia Dos Santos, Ana Cláudia Mello Groff, Ana Carla Martins Vidor, José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho, Marcos Bryan Heinemann, Ricardo Augusto Dias, Evelise Oliveira Telles et al. "Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis after implementation of a vaccination program in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, n. 5Supl2 (9 novembre 2016): 3519. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3519.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a bovine brucellosis vaccination program in Rio Grande do Sul, with prevalence as the indicator, and to identify risk factors for the disease. The state was divided into seven regions. For each region, a predetermined number of properties were randomly sampled, in which a pre-established number of randomly selected females aged over 24 months were tested. The serodiagnosis protocol consisted of a screening test using buffered acidified antigen, followed by a confirmatory test using 2-mercaptoethanol. An epidemiological questionnaire was utilized to identify possible risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the prevalence of infected herds was found to be 3.54% [2.49-4.88], and the prevalence of infected animals was 0.98% [0.57-1.57]. In assessments of specific regions, the infected herd prevalence ranged from 0.66% to 3.09%, and among the animals, from 0.06% to 2.03%. In herds comprising 15 or more cows, beef type and pasture sharing emerged as risk factors for bovine brucellosis in the state. The epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis in Rio Grande do Sul has remained unchanged since 2004, even though adequate vaccination coverage has been recorded since 2009. Thus, the state should continue its vaccination program, with emphasis on the quality of the process and on encouraging the use of non-antibody inducing vaccines. In addition, the state must make a greater effort to educate producers on the importance of testing for brucellosis in breeding animals before introducing them onto their properties, and on the importance of avoiding shared grazing among herds whose health conditions are unknown.

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24

AL MASHHADANY, Dhary Alewy. "Application of Rose Bengal Test and ELISA in Meat Juice for Monitoring of Brucellosis among Cattle Carcasses at Erbil City, Iraq". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 76, n. 1 (12 giugno 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:2018-0030.

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Abstract (sommario):

Brucellosis is a global zoonotic bacterial disease. It is also an ever-increasing public health concern, particularly in endemic regions such as Kurdistan region in Middle East. Samples of meat juice were screened for anti-Brucella antibodies via Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and ELISA from January to June 2018. Bacteriological isolation of Brucella sp. from meat samples was also performed. The overall prevalence of bovine brucellosis is 7.7%, 6.6%, and 4.9% by RBT, ELISA, and culture-based test respectively. Based on sensitivity and specificity, ELISA outperforms RBT in comparison to culture results as the gold standard test. Nonetheless, both tests showed good efficiency in comparison to culture approach. In terms of temporal changes of brucellosis rate, spring progress is strongly associated (r²=0.96) with increase in seroprevalence. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Erbil city is alarming. Countermeasures should be taken to mitigate the economic losses and transmission to human.

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25

Tulu, Dereje. "Bovine Brucellosis: Epidemiology, Public Health Implications, and Status of Brucellosis in Ethiopia". Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports Volume 13 (gennaio 2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/vmrr.s347337.

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26

Islam, Md Ariful, Laboni Akter, Mst Minara Khatun e Md Ariful Islam. "Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Its Associated Risk Factors in Bovine at Greater Mymensingh District of Bangladesh". Microbes and Health 2, n. 1 (24 febbraio 2014): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v2i1.17256.

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Abstract (sommario):

Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease of humans and animals caused by Gram negative bacteria of the genus Brucella. The study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in cattle and buffalo in greater Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from cattle (n=150) and buffalo (n=60). Sera were tested for Brucella specific antibody by the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). Overall prevalence of brucellosis was 15.33% in cattle and 13.33% in buffalo. Higher prevalence was recorded in cattle and buffalo of over 4 years age (18% and 15.68%, respectively). Female animals showed higher brucellosis prevalence (cattle 19.54%, buffalo 13.46%) than male ( cattle 8.21%, buffalo 12.5%). Pregnant cows showed higher prevalence of brucellosis (13.33%) as compare to non pregnant cows (10%). The prevalence of brucellosis was 10% in aborted cows, 4% in the case of retained placenta and 2.85% in repeat breeder cows. The study suggests that brucellosis is prevalent in the cattle and buffalo and its prevalence is affected by the animals age, sex, pregnancy status and reproductive disorders. Microbes and Health, June 2013, 2(1): 12-14DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v2i1.17256

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27

Ponomarenko, D. G., O. N. Skudareva, A. A. Khachaturova, D. E. Lukashevich, I. V. Zharinova, A. V. Daurova, A. N. Germanova et al. "Brucellosis: Trends in the Development of Situation in the World and Forecast for 2022 in the Russian Federation". Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, n. 2 (8 luglio 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2022-2-36-45.

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Abstract (sommario):

An analysis of trends in the development of situation on brucellosis in the world over past decade and the data on the main risk factors for the occurrence of epidemiological complications regarding this infection in various regions of the world are provided in the paper. An expert assessment of the current epizootiological and epidemiological situation on brucellosis, the coverage of population and animals with immunization in the Russian Federation is given. Over 9 months of 2021, 210 potentially hazardous as regards brucellosis in cattle areas and 24 sites – as regards brucellosis in small ruminants – were registered in Russia. Compared to the same period in 2020, there was a decrease in the number of newly identified hazardous sites for bovine brucellosis by 35.8 % (117 areas). However, long-term upward trend in epizootiological adversity for bovine brucellosis in Russia persists. The epidemiological situation on brucellosis in the country for the period of 2012–2021 is characterized as unfavorable. Decrease in the number of newly detected human brucellosis cases (by 25.1 % of long-term average values) is observed against the background of persistent unfavorable epizootic conditions for brucellosis among epidemiologically significant species of small ruminants and cattle in regions with developed animal husbandry. In 2021, clusters of human cases were registered in the Republic of Dagestan and Penza Region. In the Republic of Dagestan, against the background of aggravation of epizootiological and epidemiological situation on brucellosis, there was also an alarming trend towards prevalence of a relatively high incidence among minors. The proportion of cases of brucellosis among children under the age of 17 in the Republic amounted to 60.3 % of the total number of minors with newly diagnosed brucellosis in Russia over the past 10 years. Taking into account current epizootic, epidemic situations and the long-term dynamics of the development of situation on brucellosis in the Russian Federation, the incidence of brucellosis among the population is predicted to be 10–15 % lower than the average long-term values – 0.18–0.20 per 100000 of the population – in 2022. The number of human cases of brucellosis can range from 250 to 300.

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28

Ntivuguruzwa, Jean Bosco, Francis Babaman Kolo, Richard Simba Gashururu, Lydia Umurerwa, Charles Byaruhanga e Henriette van Heerden. "Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface in Rwanda". Microorganisms 8, n. 10 (9 ottobre 2020): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101553.

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Abstract (sommario):

Bovine brucellosis is endemic in Rwanda; however, little information is available on seroprevalence and risk factors. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted among cattle farmed at the wildlife-livestock-human interface (n = 1691) in five districts and one peri-urban district (n = 216). Cattle were screened using the Rose Bengal test, then the results were confirmed by indirect enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay. Potential risk factors were determined with a questionnaire and analyzed for their association with seropositivity. In all districts, the animal and herd-level seroprevalence was 7.4% (141/1907) and 28.9% (61/212), respectively, 8.3% (141/1691) and 30.9% (61/198) at the interface, and 0.0% (0/216) in peri-urban areas. Among the potential risk factors, old age (≥5 years), cattle farmed close to wildlife, herds of cattle and small ruminants, history of abortions, and replacement animals were significantly associated with brucellosis (p < 0.05). Low awareness of zoonotic brucellosis, assisting calving without biosafety protection, drinking raw milk, and manual milking were each observed in more than 21.7% of cattle keepers whose herds were seropositive. This study confirmed brucellosis endemicity in cattle farmed close to wildlife in Rwanda, suggesting the need to focus control efforts in these areas. Educated farmers with a high awareness of zoonotic brucellosis had low bovine brucellosis seropositivity, which emphasizes the importance of education.

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29

Kuroda, Rosely Bianca dos Santos, Risia Lopes Negreiros, Raul Ossada, José Soares Ferreira Neto, Marcos Amaku, Ricardo Augusto Dias, Evelise Oliveira Telles, José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho, Marcos Bryan Heinemann e Fernando Ferreira. "Method for determining bovine brucellosis vaccination coverage". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, n. 5Supl2 (9 novembre 2016): 3759. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3759.

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Abstract (sommario):

In light of recent efforts in Brazil to increase B19 strain vaccine coverage of heifers, this study proposes a standardized methodology for the calculation of vaccination coverage among the Federal Units. To illustrate its use, the method was applied to data from the state of Mato Grosso to calculate vaccination coverage from 2006 to 2010. The results provide the best estimate based on data currently available in most states and can be easily adapted to situations in which the cattle registries use different age categories from those used in the state of Mato Grosso.

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30

Arakelyan, P. C., A. N. Tregubov, A. V. Rudenko, A. A. Vergun, E. N. Ilin, N. V. Khristenko, A. S. Dimova e S. K. Dimov. "Efficiency of combating bovine brucellosis without vaccination". "Veterinary Medicine" Journal 22, n. 05 (maggio 2019): 09–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30896/0042-4846.2019.22.5.10-13.

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31

E., El-Olemy, Lobna Salem, Nashwa Khalifa, El-Ayouby M. e Manal Mohamed. "Evaluation of combined vaccines against bovine brucellosis". Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 29, n. 1 (1 settembre 2015): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bvmj.2015.31785.

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32

Thimm, B., e G. Nauwerck. "Bovine Brucellosis in Guinea and West Africa". Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B 21, n. 9 (13 maggio 2010): 692–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1974.tb00545.x.

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33

Dietrich, Raymond A., Stephen H. Amosson e Richard P. Crawford. "Bovine Brucellosis Programs: An Economic/Epidemiologic Analysis". Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 35, n. 1 (marzo 1987): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1987.tb02178.x.

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34

Nielsen, K., P. F. Wright, J. Cherwonogrodzky, J. R. Duncan e B. Stemshorn. "Enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis". Annales de l'Institut Pasteur / Microbiologie 138, n. 1 (gennaio 1987): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0769-2609(87)90078-0.

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35

Kang, G., L. Gunaseelan e K. Abbas. "Epidemiological dynamics of bovine brucellosis in India". Annals of Global Health 81, n. 1 (12 marzo 2015): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.793.

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36

OLIVEIRA, L. B., I. N. N. SANTOS, R. S. CRUZ, M. E. CAMARGO e S. L. RUSSO. "TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON THE BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS (Brucella Abortus)". Revista Gestão, Inovação e Tecnologias 3, n. 5 (27 gennaio 2014): 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7198/s2237-0722201300050030.

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37

Abagna, Stephen, Baba Seidu e C. S. Bornaa. "A Mathematical Model of the Transmission Dynamics and Control of Bovine Brucellosis in Cattle". Abstract and Applied Analysis 2022 (23 marzo 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9658567.

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Abstract (sommario):

Brucellosis is one of the most serious diseases that wreaks havoc on the production of livestock. Despite various efforts made to curb the spread of brucellosis, the disease remains a major health concern to both humans and animals. In this work, a deterministic model is developed to investigate the transmission dynamics and control of bovine brucellosis in a herd of cattle. The disease-free equilibrium point of the model is shown to be locally asymptotically stable whenever basic reproduction number R 0 ≤ 1 and unstable if R 0 > 1 . Also, the endemic equilibrium point of the model is shown to be locally asymptotically stable whenever R 0 > 1 and unstable otherwise. Numerical simulations of the model suggest that vaccination is the most efficient single control intervention. Also, the most efficient pair of control interventions is vaccination and culling of seropositive cattle. However, the best way to control bovine brucellosis in cattle is the combination of the three control interventions (vaccination, culling of seropositive cattle, and observation of comprehensive biosecurity protocols).

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38

Cipullo, Rafael Ishibashi, José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho, Ricardo Augusto Dias, Fernando Ferreira, José Soares Ferreira Neto, Vitor Salvador Picão Gonçalves, Fernando Silveira Marques, Rísia Lopes Negreiros, Raul Ossada e Marcos Amaku. "Cattle movement network, herd size, and bovine brucellosis in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, n. 5Supl2 (9 novembre 2016): 3777. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3777.

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Abstract (sommario):

The aims of the present study were to compare centrality and other measures of bovine movement networks in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in 2007, by examination of the positive and negative herds identified in the brucellosis survey conducted in 2003. In addition, we aimed to examine the association between herd size (measured by the number of females older than 24 months, denoted FEM24+) and animal trade between herds. We found a statistical association between brucellosis occurrence and both the total degree (number of traded animals) and out-degree (for the number of animals sold and the number of neighboring herds). This finding suggests that positive herds in the 2003 survey were trading (particularly selling) more frequently in 2007 than negative herds, thereby presumably increasing the risk of disease spread. Statistical differences observed (p-values) in the network of movements for reproduction purposes were more significant than those observed in other networks for average herd size; degrees of animals, batches, and neighbors; outdegree of neighbors; and betweenness. We found positive associations (p < 0.001) between the following variables: number of traded animals and the FEM24+ herd size; FEM24+ herd size and FEM24+ herd size of neighbors within the network of cattle movement; FEM24+ herd size of neighbors and number of traded animals; and weighted degree (animals) of neighbors and degree (animals) of the herd of origin. A comparison of positive and negative herds stratified by herd size (? 10 FEM24+; 11-50 FEM24+; and > 50 FEM24+), within the network of movements for reproduction purposes, revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the > 50 FEM24+ category only, for average herd size, total degree (animals, batches, and neighbors), outdegree (animals, batches, and neighbors), and outcloseness. Logistic regression analysis, in which average herd size and degree (animals) were both factors, showed that a tenfold increase in herd size and the number of animals traded would lead to an increased chance of a herd being positive by 41% (OR = 1.41 [1.01; 1.99]) and 39% (OR = 1.39 [1.05; 1.85]), respectively. We concluded that the presence of bovine brucellosis is associated with a larger herd size, which is consistent with other reports. We also found an association between the increased trade of bovines and the presence of bovine brucellosis. Furthermore, an association was noted between herd size and animal trade, both of which could contribute to the spread of brucellosis.

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39

Muma, J. B., M. Syakalima, M. Munyeme, V. C. Zulu, M. Simuunza e M. Kurata. "Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis in Traditionally Managed Livestock in Selected Districts of Southern Province of Zambia". Veterinary Medicine International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/730367.

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Abstract (sommario):

A study was performed in 2008 to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis and brucellosis in traditionally reared cattle of Southern Province in Zambia in four districts. The single comparative intradermal tuberculin test (SCITT) was used to identify TB reactors, and the Rose Bengal test (RBT), followed by confirmation with competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA), was used to test for brucellosis. A total of 459 animals were tested for tuberculosis and 395 for brucellosis. The overall prevalence of BTB based on the 4 mm and 3 mm cutoff criteria was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.6–7.0%) and 6.3% (95% CI: 3.8–8.8%), respectively. Change in skin thickness on SCITT was influenced by initial skin-fold thickness at the inoculation site, where animals with thinner skin had a tendency to give a larger tuberculin response. Brucellosis seroprevalence was estimated at 20.7% (95% CI: 17.0–24.4%). Comparison between results from RBT and c-ELISA showed good agreement (84.1%) and revealed subjectivity in RBT test results. Differences in brucellosis and tuberculosis prevalence across districts were attributed to type of husbandry practices and ecological factors. High prevalence of tuberculosis and brucellosis suggests that control control programmes are necessary for improved cattle productivity and reduced public health risk.

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40

LAKSHMIKANTH, K. S., N. S. SHARMA, PAVITER KAUR, D. PATHAK e A. K. ARORA. "Rapid diagnosis of bovine brucellosis by peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization assay". Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, n. 8 (22 agosto 2022): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i8.106906.

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Abstract (sommario):

Brucellosis is a major economical disease of livestock and an important zoonotic disease. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is a fundamental prerequisite in the quest for control and elimination of brucellosis. The current study was conducted to evaluate a rapid molecular technique, peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) assay for the diagnosis of brucellosis. Samples, including fetal stomach contents, vaginal discharges, and placenta collected from cattle and buffaloes experiencing abortion and other reproductive disorders were processed for isolation. Brucella isolates obtained were confirmed by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), thereby subjected to PNA-FISH which yielded positive fluorescence. The clinical samples were processed and subjected directly to PNA-FISH. On performing PNA-FISH directly on the clinical samples, this test reduces the time spent on processing the sample for isolation, avoiding the risk of handling the infectious organism while going through the process of isolation. Hence, PNA FISH can be considered as a rapid and efficient diagnostic method for Brucellosis.

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41

Asakura, Shingo, George Makingi, Kunda John, Rudovick Kazwala e Kohei Makita. "Seroprevalence and risk factors for human brucellosis in agro-pastoral areas in Tanzania". Tanzania Journal of Health Research 21, n. 1 (24 luglio 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v21i1.7.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background: Brucellosis is an endemic zoonosis in Tanzania. This study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and its risk factors in agro-pastoral areas in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. Methods: Questionnaire survey and blood sampling were conducted from January to February 2018 at four villages. Anyone living in the villages and wished to participate were involved. Competitive ELISA was used for diagnosis. Risk factor analysis for sero-positivity in human and analysis for the association of sero-positivity between cattle and human within each farm were conducted, using the data of farm-level bovine brucellosis status from our bovine brucellosis research performed in 2016. Results: The seroprevalence was 33.3% (44/132). In univariable analysis, the Maasai were significantly more sero-positive (56.5%) than other tribes (28.4%) (OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.28–8.41). Drinking raw milk was a risk factor in both univariable and multivariable analyses (OR = 3.97, 95% CI: 1.61–10.20). A negative association between sero-positivity in cattle and human within each farm was found (p<0.01). The Maasai performed more risk-taking behaviours for human infection than other tribes: drinking raw milk (p<0.01) or blood (p<0.01) and helping delivery of cattle with bare hands (p=0.03). Conclusions: The Maasai were at high risk of human brucellosis. More detailed survey and educational interventions are urgently needed.

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42

Homem, Valéria Stacchini Ferreira, Marcos Bryan Heinemann, Zenaide Maria de Morais Higa e José Soares Ferreira Neto. "Bovine and human brucellosis in the Trans-Amazonian agricultural frontier, Uruará, Pará, Brazil". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, n. 5Supl2 (9 novembre 2016): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3803.

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Abstract (sommario):

We evaluated the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and humans on properties characterized as family farms in the municipality of Uruará, state of Pará, located on the border of the Trans-Amazon Highway, in a serological study. We randomly sampled cattle and humans from 67 family farms. Cattle sera were tested with buffered acidified antigen and human samples were tested using the slow tube agglutination test (titration of 80 as a cutoff point). The prevalence of bovine brucellosis was 52% [90% CI: 42; 63]. The prevalence of households with at least one brucellosis positive individual was 21% [13; 31]. In households with at least one positive test, 23% of subjects were positive (range 8% and 50%). Five percent (21/422) of all human samples tested were positive. This high exposure rate in humans is a result of high cattle infection rates. We expect that in regions of Brazilian with a high prevalence of bovine brucellosis, there is also a high rate human exposure; however, few human cases have been reported. This is likely because of the largely non-specific symptoms of human Brucella abortus infections. Hopefully this study will bring about new information to public and animal health authorities involved in formulating policies aimed at decreasing disease prevalence.

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Zyuzgina, Svetlana V., Olga E. Zinovieva e Saida N. Marzanova. "The role of enzyme immunoassay in the serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis". Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 5, n. 102 (2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202205003.

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Abstract (sommario):

For the serological diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle in veterinary laboratories of the Russian Federation, one or several tests are used simultaneously. The sensitivity and specificity of the determination of antibodies to the pathogens of this disease using various methods varies significantly, none of the serological tests is suitable for all stages of the infectious process in brucellosis. ELISA is a modern serological test that has not found wide application in the state veterinary laboratories of the Russian Federation, although the number of studies conducted by this method increases annually. The use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay makes it possible to confirm the diagnosis of brucellosis at all stages of the infectious process and to identify more seropositive animals than classical serological methods. Among serological methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (hereinafter referred to as ELISA) is the most sensitive, specific and easy-to-perform test. In accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation dated 08.09.2020 No. 533 «On approval of Veterinary rules for the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, restrictive and other measures, the establishment and cancellation of quarantine and other restrictions aimed at preventing the spread and elimination of foci of brucellosis (including infectious epididymitis of sheep)» the ELISA method is one of the confirmatory in the diagnosis of brucellosis. The data obtained as a result of the studies indicates that the results of ELISA coincide with the complex of classical serological methods (BRS – Bengal roses sample; AR – agglutination reaction; CFR – complement fixation reaction; RIH – reaction of indirect hemaggtination; IDR – immunodiffusion reaction) and a higher diagnostic sensitivity of the test.

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Saeed, Usama, Shahzad Ali, Tahir Mahmood Khan, Hosny El-Adawy, Falk Melzer, Aman Ullah Khan, Anam Iftikhar e Heinrich Neubauer. "Seroepidemiology and the Molecular Detection of Animal Brucellosis in Punjab, Pakistan". Microorganisms 7, n. 10 (13 ottobre 2019): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7100449.

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Abstract (sommario):

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella (B.), affecting both animals and humans, causing severe economic loses and severe illness, respectively. The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence and the risk factors associated with caprine, ovine, and bovine brucellosis in selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1083 blood samples were randomly collected from animals (goats = 440, sheep = 203, cows = 206, and buffaloes = 234). Questionnaires were used to collect data on risk factors associated with brucellosis on the sampling day. All samples were initially screened for anti-Brucella antibodies using the rose bengal plate test (RBPT). The seropositive serum samples were confirmed by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of the Brucella genus- and Brucella species-specific DNA (B. abortus and B. melitensis). Univariant and binary logistic regression were used to identify important risk factors of brucellosis. Anti-Brucella antibodies and DNA were detected in 35 (3.23%) serum samples. Thirty-four (97.1%) DNA samples were confirmed as B. melitensis by qRT-PCR. Abortion history and natural mating were found to be potential risk factors. Brucella melitensis was identified as the causative agent of caprine, ovine, and bovine brucellosis in the selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Diseased animals may act as a source of infection for other animals. The elimination of positive seroreactors, development of control strategies for brucellosis, and education programs regarding the control of zoonotic disease are highly needed in developing countries like Pakistan.

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45

Uzal, Francisco A., Alejandra E. Carrasco, Susana Echaide, Klaus Nielsen e Carlos A. Robles. "Evaluation of an Indirect ELISA for the Diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7, n. 4 (ottobre 1995): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879500700408.

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Control and eradication of bovine brucellosis is usually based on the serological detection of antibodies. In Argentina, the rose bengal test (RB) and the buffered plate antigen test (BPA) are the 2 screening tests officially recognized, whereas the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2ME) and the tube agglutination test (SAT) are the confirmatory assays currently in use. In order to improve the serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in Patagonia, Argentina, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) kit distributed by the International Atomic Energy Agency was evaluated. Sera from negative nonvaccinated, negative but vaccinated, and positive animals were tested by all the above techniques. The specificity of the I-ELISA (98.9% and 97.2%) was similar to that of the BPA, RB, 2ME and complement fixation (CF) tests when used to test sera from negative nonvaccinated and negative but vaccinated animals, respectively. The sensitivity of the I-ELISA (98.7%) was higher than the BPA test (96.1%) and the CF test (95.2%). The I-ELISA kit evaluated in this study was thought to be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in the Patagonia region where little epidemiological information is available about this disease, and where large numbers of sera should be tested to obtain such information.

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Vendrame, Fabiano Benitez, Regina Gonçalves Barbosa, Fernando Ferreira, Marcos Amaku, Ricardo Augusto Dias, José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho, Marcos Heinemann Bryan, Vitor Salvador Picão Gonçalves, Oswaldo Santos Baquero e José Soares Ferreira Neto. "Effect of vaccination on the apparent prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the state of Tocantins, Brazil". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, n. 4 (20 maggio 2021): 2389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2389.

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Abstract (sommario):

A cross-sectional study on the epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis was carried out in the state of Tocantins to evaluate the effectiveness of its vaccination program. The state was divided into five regions, and a predetermined number of farms was randomly selected in each one. Females aged 24 months or older were randomly selected in each farm and diagnosed with brucellosis by serial serology (AAT and 2-ME). A total of 6,846 animals from 756 farms were examined. The prevalence of seropositive herds in the state was 6.42% [CI95%: 4.76-8.62], and the prevalence of seropositive animals was 2.21% [CI95%: 1.05-4.01]. The prevalence of seropositive herds was homogeneously distributed among regions. The 2002/2003 study estimated the prevalence of seropositive herds in the state to be 21.22% [CI95%: 19.33-23.11]. In conclusion, the vaccination program implemented in Tocantins, reaching vaccination coverage above 70% as of 2010, significantly reduced the prevalence of seropositive herds. Thus, continuing the vaccination program in the state is recommended, preferably increasing the quality of the processes involved, from commercialization to inoculation in animals, since immunization remains the most effective means to reduce the prevalence of brucellosis. In addition, animal replacement remains a major risk factor for bovine brucellosis in Tocantins since 20022003; therefore, the state must implement a strong health education program explaining to farmers the importance of testing animals for brucellosis before introducing them into their herds.

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47

Barshevskaya, Lyubov V., Dmitriy V. Sotnikov, Anatoly V. Zherdev, Bekbolat B. Khassenov, Kayrat K. Baltin, Saule Z. Eskendirova, Kassym K. Mukanov, Kanatbek K. Mukantayev e Boris B. Dzantiev. "Triple Immunochromatographic System for Simultaneous Serodiagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis, Tuberculosis, and Leukemia". Biosensors 9, n. 4 (29 settembre 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9040115.

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An immunochromatographic test system has been developed for the simultaneous rapid multiplex serodiagnostics of bovine brucellosis, tuberculosis, and leukemia. The test system is based on the use of a conjugate of gold nanoparticles with the chimeric protein Cysteine-A/G and three analytical zones with immobilized pathogen antigens: Brucella abortus lipolysaccharide, recombinant proteins MPB64 and MPB83-MPB63 of Mycobacterium bovis, and recombinant protein p24 of the bovine leukemia virus. Prototypes of the test system were tested on 98 samples of sera from healthy and infected animals. The diagnostic sensitivity of the developed test system was 92% for brucellosis, 92% for tuberculosis, and 96% for leukemia. False positive test results were not observed.

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48

El-Loly, M. M., e Y. A. Ghazi . "Immunogenetic Markers of Whey Proteins in Bovine Brucellosis". International Journal of Dairy Science 2, n. 3 (15 giugno 2007): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijds.2007.235.243.

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49

Babar, Abdullah, Adnan Yousaf, Inayatullah Sarki e Asghar Subhani. "Incidence of Bovine Brucellosis in Thatta, Sindh-Pakistan". Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering 9, n. 4 (2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20210904.11.

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50

ISLOOR, S., G. J. RENUKARADHYA e M. RAJASEKHAR. "A serological survey of bovine brucellosis in India". Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 17, n. 3 (1 dicembre 1998): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.17.3.1131.

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