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1
Diaz, C. "Climate-responsive design for non-domestic buildings in warm climates : optimisation of thermal mass for indoor cooling". n.p, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
Testo completo
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Khatami, Narguess. "Retrofitted natural ventilation systems for a lightweight office building". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17820.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study aimed to develop retrofitted natural ventilation options and control strategies for existing office buildings to improve thermal comfort, indoor air quality and energy consumption. For this purpose, a typical office building was selected in order to identify opportunities and constraints when implementing such strategies. Actual performance of the case study building was evaluated by conducting quantitative and qualitative field measurements including physical measurements and questionnaire surveys. Based on the actual building performance, a combination of Dynamic Thermal Simulation (using IES) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (using PHOENICS) models were built to develop appropriate natural ventilation options and control strategies to find a balance between energy consumption, indoor air quality, and thermal comfort. Several retrofitted options and control strategies were proposed and the best retrofitted natural ventilation options and control strategies were installed in the case study building. Post occupancy evaluation of the case study building after the interventions was also carried out by conducting physical measurements and questionnaire surveys. Post refurbishment measurements revealed that energy consumption and risk of overheating in the refurbished building were reduced by 9% and 80% respectively. The risk of unacceptable indoor air quality was also reduced by 60% in densely occupied zones of the building. The results of questionnaire surveys also revealed that the percentage of dissatisfied occupants reduced by 80% after intervention. Two new products including a Motorized ceiling tile and NVlogIQ , a natural ventilation wall controller, were also developed based on the results of this study.
3
Costanzo, Matteo. "Adapting building design to climate change for an office building in Stockholm through solar control techniques". Thesis, KTH, Hållbara byggnader, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287452.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Climate change will affect many human activities and sectors. Among those, the built environment will face several challenges with respect to the varying climate conditions. The present study investigated the global warming impacts on energy demand and indoor climate comfort for an office building in Stockholm. Considering a service life of 50 years, the future climate conditions were investigated for the only air temperature increase in 2070, in accordance with the medium forecasted greenhouse gas emissions scenario provided by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Another climate morphing approach was adopted to develop the climate file for the year 2080 considering the variation of all the weather parameters. Three different passive cooling solutions, such as external roller shade, electrochromic glazing, and internally ventilated shading, have been implemented in the case study building to decrease the cooling demand. The characteristics of the strategies were preliminarily assessed and then implemented into the building energy simulation software IDA-ICE to evaluate the energy performances with respect to the different climates. The results indicated that an increment of the cooling demand and a reduction of the heating usage will be experienced in the future. The different morphing approaches displayed the inherent uncertainties when future evaluations are performed, although similar weather patterns were found. The improvement of the solar and optical properties, such as the introduction of the exhaust air extraction and the electrochromic technology, implied a lower cooling and ventilation usage. The EC technology reported the lowest cooling demand, while the internally ventilated shading option outperformed the others in terms of annual energy consumption.Klimatförändringar kommer att påverka många mänskliga aktiviteter och sektorer. Bland dem kommer den byggda miljön att möta flera utmaningar med avseende på de olika klimatförhållandena. Denna studie undersökte effekterna av den globala uppvärmningen på energibehovet och inomhusklimatkomforten för en kontorsbyggnad i Stockholm. Med hänsyn till en livslängd på 50 år undersöktes de framtida klimatförhållandena för ökningen av lufttemperaturen utomhus till 2070, i enlighet med det medelprognoserade växthusgasutsläppsscenariot som tillhandahålls av International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). En annan klimatförändringsmetod antogs för att utveckla klimatfilen för år 2080 med tanke på variationen i alla väderparametrar. Tre olika passiva kyllösningar, såsom utvändigt solskydd (vertikalmarkis med screenväv), elektrokromt glas och invändigt ventilerat solskydd, har implementerats i fallstudiebyggnaden för att minska kylbehovet. Karaktären av strategierna utvärderades preliminärt och implementerades sedan i programvaran för byggenergisimulering IDA-ICE för att utvärdera energiprestanda med avseende på de olika klimaten. Resultaten indikerade att en ökning av kylbehovet och en minskning av värmeanvändningen kommer att ske i framtiden. De olika klimatförändringsmetoderna visade de inneboende/medföljande osäkerheterna när framtida utvärderingar utförs, även om liknande vädermönster hittades. De passiva kyllösningarnas reducering av total solenergitransmission, såsom införandet av frånluftsutsug och den elektrokroma tekniken, innebar en lägre kyl- och ventilationsanvändning. EC-tekniken rapporterade det lägsta kylbehovet, medan det invändiga ventilerade solskyddet överträffade de andra när det gäller årlig energiförbrukning.
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Williams, Ruth Nicole. "Thermal comfort, environmental satisfaction and perceived control in UK office buildings". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343593.
Testo completo
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Vaculik, F. (Frantisek) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Mechanical. "Air quality control in office buildings by a CO [subscript 2] method". Ottawa, 1987.
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6
Kaisaravalli, Bhojraj Gokul, e Yeswanth Surya Achyut Markonda. "Policy-based Reinforcement learning control for window opening and closing in an office building". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34420.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The level of indoor comfort can highly be influenced by window opening and closing behavior of the occupant in an office building. It will not only affect the comfort level but also affects the energy consumption, if not properly managed. This occupant behavior is not easy to predict and control in conventional way. Nowadays, to call a system smart it must learn user behavior, as it gives valuable information to the controlling system. To make an efficient way of controlling a window, we propose RL (Reinforcement Learning) in our thesis which should be able to learn user behavior and maintain optimal indoor climate. This model free nature of RL gives the flexibility in developing an intelligent control system in a simpler way, compared to that of the conventional techniques. Data in our thesis is taken from an office building in Beijing. There has been implementation of Value-based Reinforcement learning before for controlling the window, but here in this thesis we are applying policy-based RL (REINFORCE algorithm) and also compare our results with value-based (Q-learning) and there by getting a better idea, which suits better for the task that we have in our hand and also to explore how they behave. Based on our work it is found that policy based RL provides a great trade-off in maintaining optimal indoor temperature and learning occupant’s behavior, which is important for a system to be called smart.
7
Royapoor, Mohammed. "An investigation into the energy and control implications of adaptive comfort in a modern office building". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2825.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An investigation into the potentials of adaptive comfort in an office building is carried out using fine grained primary data and computer modelling. A comprehensive literature review and background study into energy and comfort aspects of building management provides the backdrop against which a target building is subjected to energy and comfort audit, virtual simulation and impact assessment of adaptive comfort standard (BS EN 15251: 2007). Building fabric design is also brought into focus by examining 2006 and 2010 Approved Document part L potentials against Passive House design. This is to reflect the general direction of regulatory development which tends toward zero carbon design by the end of this decade. In finishing a study of modern controls in buildings is carried out to assess the strongest contenders that next generation heating, ventilation and air-conditioning technologies will come to rely on in future buildings. An actual target building constitutes the vehicle for the work described above. A virtual model of this building was calibrated against an extensive set of actual data using version control method. The results were improved to surpass ASHRAE Guide 14. A set of different scenarios were constructed to account for improved fabric design as well as historical weather files and future weather predictions. These scenarios enabled a comparative study to investigate the effect of BS EN 15251:2007 when compared to conventional space controls. The main finding is that modern commercial buildings built to the latest UK statutory regulations can achieve considerable carbon savings through adaptive comfort standard. However these savings are only modestly improved if fabric design is enhanced to passive house levels. Adaptive comfort can also be readily deployed using current web-enabled control applications. However an actual field study is necessary to provide invaluable insight into occupants’ acceptance of this standard since winter-time space temperature results derived from BS EN 15251:2007 constitute a notable departure from CIBSE environmental guidelines.
8
Mäkitalo, Jonatan. "Simulating control strategies of electrochromic windows : Impacts on indoor climate and energy use in an office building". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-212595.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The building sector is a one of modern society’s biggest users of energy. In turn, a building’s windows have a significant impact on its energy usage. Electrochromic windows have a thin film on one of the panes, designed to variably change the tint of the window. Thereby the solar heat gain, needed internal lighting and building energy utilization are varied. This thesis uses the simulation software IDA ICE 4.5 to simulate control scenarios for electrochromic windows. The goal is to examine how well this software can simulate the windows as well as to explore the potential of creating custom control algorithms for the windows. The impact of the control scenarios on the energy consumption of a building is then analyzed. The reference case for the simulations is a regular window with blinds, where the blinds are controlled with a built-in algorithm. The simulated control scenarios for the electrochromic windows were; the built-in algorithm, always off, always on, operative temperature, workplane illuminance, and light levels at the façade and window. In the simulation results the energy usage was slightly lowered with the electrochromic windows using the built-in control compared to the reference case. The custom algorithm that uses the light levels at the façade and window was designed to improve upon the built-in algorithm with additional adjustable settings. However, this custom algorithm produced similar results to the built-in algorithm and the majority of the additional settings had little impact on the energy usage. The other custom designed algorithms measured workplane illuminance and operative temperature to control the shading. These showed an overall decrease in the energy usage compared to the reference case. The IDA ICE software has potential for further simulations of a building’s energy usage while using electrochromic windows. Further investigation is needed to determine if the simulation resolution is high enough to accurately depict the effect these settings might have on the energy usage.
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Vorderbruggen, Joan Marie. "Evaluating How Attributes of Operable Window Design Affect Office-workers' Perception of Personal Control". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10326.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
xvi, 117 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Energy and environmental concerns warrant reconsideration of operable windows as a means of ventilating and cooling office environments. To design for optimal window use and performance, architects must understand human interaction with operable windows and the factors that influence occupant participation in their thermal environment. This thesis examines workers' personal control of operable windows in their office space through the lens of the following attributes: proximity, orientation, and accessibility to operable windows, office floor height, and the operational methods of windows. Three sites in the Minneapolis metro area were examined through site visits, informalinterviews, collection of physical traces, and a questionnaire. Research data reveal that proximity is the greatest determinant of window use. Other attributes have varying degrees of influence on use of windows. Surprisingly, workers valued operable windows significantly more for fresh air than for cooling.
Committee in Charge: Professor John Rowell, Chair; Professor Brook Muller; Professor G.Z. Brown
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Björklund, Lina. "Energy Audit and Energy Saving Measures of a Large Office Building : Bern 9 in Örnsköldsvik". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32840.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is a large potential in making the residential and service sector more energy efficient and the first step towards achieving a more efficient use of energy is to implement an energy audit. In this study a property with an approximate area of 8 000 m2, consisting of a main building and three building extensions from different eras has been examined. The main building and its extensions were built in different stages and the first one in the early 20th century and some parts of the last building extension were modified at the time that the examination was carried out. This indicates that there is a vast energy savings potential in the property and an energy audit was performed. The main aim of the study was to examine where the energy was being used and where energy could be saved. Energy saving measures has been suggested together with a calculated approximate energy decrease and payback period. The total energy savings potential for the measures is approximately 146 MWh. The energy audit showed that a large amount of electricity was being used during non-work hours and that energy was lost through the building envelope. The electricity use during non-work hours was examined during the night walk, however, it is suggested to carry out further examinations regarding the property’s vast electricity use during non-work hours. To add loose wool in the roof of B2 has an energy savings potential of 33 000 kWh/year. Another measure is to clean the heat exchangers, this measure has an energy savings potential of 26 000 kWh/year. Also it is suggested to optimize the operational hours for the lighting by implementing presence control and to decrease the energy use for ventilation by cleaning the heat exchangers. Further examinations that would improve the study would be to do measurements of the electricity and temperatures to get a better understanding of the buildings energy use. Also to model the building in a simulation tool would give a calculated energy loss that is more like the actual energy loss of the building and make the results more reliable.
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Löf, Marcus, e Elias Andersson. "Impact of Machine Learning on Elevator Control Strategies : A comparison of time efficiency for machine learning elevator control strategies and static elevator control strategies in an office building". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166399.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Elevators are used in a large amount of buildings all over the world for fast and comfortable transportation. Today it is becoming increasingly important for people and products to be time efficient, and with technological development new solutions are created to answer this rising demand. To do this in an elevator context, elevator control strategies are implementedas optimal as possible. Machine learning is a relatively new concept, but it is already used in attempts to improve the performance of elevator control strategies. In this report the impact of machine learning on elevator control strategies is investigated in terms of average squared waiting times for the users. Machine learning algorithms can learn from both the current and past environments. The impacts of these two environments are also investigated. Three static elevator strategies and two versions of a machine learning elevator control strategy are implemented and run through a simulator. The results of the investigation show that machine learning has a significant impact on elevator control strategies and is proven to increase time efficiency with at least about 12.5%. Another conclusion drawn is that the current environment is most valuable in the user travel pattern down-peak, while information about previous days especially can improve the performance in the user travel pattern up-peak.
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Al-Hadban, Yehya. "Demand-side management in office buildings in Kuwait through an ice-storage assisted HVAC system with model predictive control". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3885.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Examining methods for controlling the electricity demand in Kuwait was the main
objective and motivation of this researchp roject. The extensiveu se of air-conditioning
for indoor cooling in office and large commercial buildings in Kuwait and the Gulf
States represents a major part of the power and electricity consumption in such
countries. The rising electricity generation cost and growing rates of consumption
continuously demand the construction new power plants. Devising and enforcing
Demand-SideM anagemen(t DSM) in the form of energye fficient operations trategies
was the response of this research project to provide a means to rectify this situation
using the demand-side management technique known as demand levelling or load
shifting. State of the art demand-sidem anagementte chniquesh ave been examined
through the developmenot f a model basedp redictive control optimisations trategyf or
an integrateda ndm odulara pproachto the provisiono f ice thermals torage.
To evaluate the potential of ice-storage assisted air-conditioning systems in flattening
the demand curve at peak times during the summer months in Kuwait, a model of a
Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning (HVAC) plant was developed in Matlab. The
model engaged the use of model based predictive control (MPQ as an optimisation tool
for the plant as a whole. The model with MPC was developed to chose and decide on
which control strategy to operate the integrated ice-storage HVAC plant. The model
succeeded in optimising the operation of the plant and introduced encouraging
improvement of the performance of the system as a whole.
The concept of the modular ice-storage system was introduced through a control zoning
strategy based on zonal orientation. It is believed that such strategy could lead to the
modularisation of ice-storage systems. Additionally, the model was examined and tested
in relation to load flattening and demonstrated promising enhancement in the shape of
the load curve and demonstrated flattened demand curves through the employed
strategy. When compared with measured data from existing buildings, the model
showed potential for the techniques utilised to improve the load factor for office
buildings.
13
Spasis, G. "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system optimization : a study of the effect of climate, building design, system selection and control strategy on the energy consumption of a typical office building in London and Athens". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445105/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The increasing demand for air conditioning in commercial buildings imposes a serious threat to Europe's CO2 reduction targets. Architects and engineers are therefore in a key position to help reduce the impact of buildings on the environment by taking appropriate decisions concerning the design of the building and the associated heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The thesis studies the effect of a number of building and HVAC system related design factors on the energy performance of a notional air-conditioned office building employing either a variable air volume (VAV) system with terminal re-heaters, or a four-pipe fan coil unit (FCU) system with fresh air supply from a central plant, using mainly a dynamic simulation tool and the response surface methodology. The evaluation of the energy performance of the HVAC systems is for two types of climate, using typical weather data for London (UK) and Athens (Greece). It has been found that the design variables associated with the solar radiation through the transparent building elements and the internal heat gains should be the main concern of the building designer. On the other hand, the HVAC system engineer should give emphasis to the parameters associated with the plant performance and operation, as well as the temperature control set-points. It has been shown that it is possible to reduce the carbon emissions of the base case scenario by up to 88% depending on the HVAC system and the climate for which it is simulated. The carbon savings, however, are reduced by up to 22% where humidification is provided. This reduction differs depending on the HVAC system and the climatic conditions. The VAV system is more energy efficient than the FCU system, mainly due to the exploitation of the free cooling capacity of the outdoor air. The difference in carbon emissions between the two systems drops when both of them are simulated for the Athens as opposed to the London typical weather conditions. It has been found that it is possible to turn the carbon scales in favour of the FCU system when humidification to a high RH set-point is provided throughout the year, since the adjustment of the RH of the air is particularly energy wasteful for the VAV system.
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Valdivia, Javier Diaz. "Análise computacional da automação das temperaturas de água gelada, de água de condensação e ar de insuflação em um edifício comercial". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3150/tde-25032019-101446/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A automação de uma central de água gelada é muito utilizada para reduzir o consumo energético de edificações comerciais ao controlar a operação dos seus componentes e consequentemente das vazões de ar e água em função da carga térmica. Considerando as estratégias de controle atualmente em uso, existe a possibilidade de melhorá-las por meio do controle das variáveis de temperatura do sistema (temperaturas de insuflação do ar, da água gelada e da água de condensação), que na maioria dos casos são mantidas fixas para as condições de dimensionamento do sistema ou alteradas apenas em função das condições externas. Estudos demonstram que o controle adequado de cada uma dessas temperaturas nas condições de operação momentâneas (condições climáticas e carga térmica), seja de forma individualizada ou integradas, pode proporcionar reduções significativas no consumo de energia do sistema de climatização. Dessa forma, o presente estudo avaliou os ganhos de uma automação isolada e integrada dessas três temperaturas em base anual para as condições climáticas brasileiras, implementando a automação em diferentes cidades representativas do zoneamento bioclimático brasileiro via simulação computacional utilizando o software EnergyPlus(TM) para uma edificação comercial típica. Os resultados obtidos para a automação integrada indicam reduções globais de consumo que variam com a condição climática entre 5,03% e 19,68% quando comparado com o controle de temperatura fixa, e quando comparado com um controle que varia apenas em função das condições externas as reduções variam entre 3,22% e 8,21%. Esses resultados demonstram que o controle sugerido é melhor que os modelos adotados como referência de mercado.Automation of a central chilled-water plant is widely used to reduce the energy consumption of commercial buildings by controlling the operation of its components and consequently the air and water flow rates according to the thermal load. Considering the control strategies currently in use, there is a possibility to improve them by controlling the system temperature variables (air insufflation, cold and condensation water temperatures), which in most cases are fixed in system design conditions or variable only according to the external weather. Studies demonstrate that an adequate control of each of these temperatures under momentary operating conditions (climatic conditions and thermal load), whether in an individualized or integrated way, can provide significant reductions in the energy consumption of the HVAC system. Thus, the present study intends to evaluate the energy consumption gains of an individualized and integrated automation of the three variable temperatures on an annual basis for Brazilian climatic conditions, implementing automation for different cities representing the Brazilian bioclimatic zoning. Such evaluation was made by computer simulation using EnergyPlus(TM) software for a typical commercial building. The results obtained with the integrated automation show savings in global consumption that change with the weather between 5,03% and 19,68% when compared with a fixed control, and when compared with a control that varies according to weather conditions the savings are between 3,22% and 8,21%. These results show that the proposed control is better than both models adopted as market benchmarks.
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Figueiredo, Erika Ciconelli de. "Abordagem sustentável da luz natural: análise do desenho de vãos e eficiência dos vedos translúcidos e transparentes em edifícios das cidades de São Paulo, Berlim e Frankfurt am Main durante as últimas décadas do século XX e primeira década do século XXI". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2011. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/279.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Erika Ciconelli de Figueiredo.pdf: 19944207 bytes, checksum: a41457dbf4fa5d2e118844c77234cf6e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-08-09Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
This work has as goal to study the resultant daylight from International Style buildings openings in São Paulo, in Avenida Paulista and Berrini axis, analyzing illuminance distribution. The approach was done from the solar geometry and glass types point of view. The use of daylight and natural ventilation in buildings has always been part of architects challenges, nevertheless with the beginning of energetic crises during the 1970s, these issues became more important. However the concern with energy saving and use of natural resources are not usually demonstrated in the finished building. As São Paulo has a subtropical climate, the biggest concern is to avoid buildings inner heat, and the typical solution is the use of solar control glasses to reduce costs with air conditioning. Nevertheless even high performance glasses block a substantial part of daylight, beyond the heat. The compensation for low interior luminousness is done by artificial means, increasing unnecessarily buildings use and maintenance costs. Buildings from São Paulo, Brazil, Berlin and Frankfurt, Germany, were studied with local measurement and with floor modeling in Relux Professional 2010. Daylight distribution characteristics of each building were identified with the purpose of delineating potential projects improvements, focusing São Paulo daylight availability throughout the year The analysis results showed that international style façades have limitations to increase the use of daylight since the whole shell has a single treatment. Both in German and Brazilian buildings the daylight distribution followed a trendline, indicating the need of using other means to obtain illuminance levels with fewer variations between room endings
Este trabalho tem por finalidade estudar a luz natural resultante dos vãos dos edifícios de Estilo Internacional da cidade de São Paulo, nos eixos da Avenida Paulista e Avenida Engenheiro Luís Carlos Berrini, analisando a distribuição da iluminância. A abordagem foi feita do ponto de vista da geometria da insolação e dos tipos de vidros. O uso da iluminação e ventilação natural em edifícios sempre fez parte dos desafios enfrentados por arquitetos; no entanto, com o início da crise energética, na década de 70, essas questões ganharam maior importância. Contudo, a preocupação com a economia de energia e o uso de recursos naturais nem sempre se traduzem na obra finalizada. Como São Paulo é uma cidade de clima subtropical, a preocupação maior acaba sendo evitar o aquecimento interno dos edifícios, e a solução mais comum é o uso de vidros de controle solar para redução de gastos com ar-condicionado. Mesmo em vidros de alto desempenho, há o bloqueio de parte considerável da luz natural, além do calor. A compensação para a baixa luminosidade no interior do edifício se faz por meio da iluminação artificial, o que eleva desnecessariamente o custo do uso e da manutenção do edifício. Foram estudados edifícios de escritórios das cidades de São Paulo, no Brasil, Berlim e Frankfurt am Main, na Alemanha, com medições in loco e por meio da modelagem de pavimentos no programa Relux Professional 2010. As caracterísitcas da distribuição da luz natural de cada edifício foram identificadas com o objetivo de delinear possíveis melhorias projetuais, tendo em vista a disponibilidade de luz natural em São Paulo o ano todo. Os resultados das análises mostraram que as fachadas de modelo internacional apresentam limitações para aumentar o uso da luz natural por terem uma única solução plástica em toda a sua extensão. Tanto nos edifícios brasileiros como nos alemães, a distribuição luminosa acompanhou a mesma linha de tendência, indicando a necessidade de utilizar outros meios para obter níveis de iluminâncias internas com variações menores entre os extremos dos ambientes
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Larmérus, Alexander. "Styrning av värmesystem i kontorsbyggnader : Jämförelse mellan prognosstyrning, styrning som utnyttjar byggnadens värmetröghet, samt traditionell styrning". Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146975.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
En stor del av Sveriges energianvändning går till bostäder och lokaler. Ur en nationell synvinkel är energieffektiviseringar i befintliga byggnader därför en potentiellt viktig del för att kunna nå de satta klimatmålen till år 2020. I ett traditionellt styr- och reglersystem styrs framledningstemperaturen i ett vätskeburet värmesystem efter en kurva som beror på utomhustemperaturen. En del nya styr- och reglersystem tar även hänsyn till andra parametrar, såsom byggnaders värmetröghet och lokala väderprognoser. Ett exempel på ett sådant system är Ecopilot, utvecklat av Kabona. Nuvarande kunskap angående hur stor energibesparing som styr- och reglersystem med prognosstyrning och styrning som utnyttjar byggnadens värmetröghet ger upphov till består till största del av referensfall som jämför byggnaders energianvändning före och efter installationen. I detta examensarbete undersöktes hur energianvändning och inomhusklimat påverkades av prognosstyrning och styrning som utnyttjar byggnaders värmetröghet. Mätningar utfördes på två kontorsbyggnader vid namn Fräsaren 10 och Fräsaren 11. Båda byggnaderna är belägna i Sundbyberg och har Kabona Ecopilot installerat. Mätdata loggades genom redan utsatta givare och en enklare form av validering av dessa gjordes. I Fräsaren 10 och Fräsaren 11 jämfördes Ecopilot i normal drift med driftfallet då prognosstyrningsfunktionen stängdes av i Ecopilot. Även ett tredje driftfall undersöktes i Fräsaren 10. Under detta driftfall stängdes Ecopilot av och framledningstemperaturen styrdes med hjälp av reglerkurvor. I luftbehandlingsaggregaten sattes tilluftstemperaturens börvärde, till 19-20 °C. Varje driftfall hade en mätperiod på minst 14 dagar. Energisignaturer användes för att jämföra energianvändningen och en osäkerhetsanalys av de anpassade linjerna gjordes. En egen modell för att undersöka toppbelastningar i radiatorsystemet, VS1, i Fräsaren 10 togs fram. Även en modell för att undersöka hur temperaturen varierat inomhus mellan de olika mätperioderna togs fram. Energisignaturer för radiatorsystemen VS1 och VS2 i Fräsaren 10 visade på att likvärdiga energisignaturer kunde fås för samtliga av de undersökta driftfallen under det temperaturintervall som undersöktes. Energisignaturer för värmeanvändning i luftbehandlingsaggregatet, LB2601, visade på att en konstant tillufttemperatur på 19 °C som användes då Ecopilot var avstängd, kunde ge en högre värmeanvändning jämfört med fallen då Ecopilot var i normal drift och då Ecopilot hade sin prognosstyrning avstängd. Från jämförelse mellan fallen då Ecopilot var i normal drift och då Ecopilots prognosstyrning var avstängd kunde inga substantiella skillnader hittas mellan energisignaturerna. Det betyder dock inte att prognosstyrningen inte ger upphov till energibesparingar, utan att eventuella energibesparingarna var för små relativt mätningarnas osäkerhet vid en konfidensnivå på 65 % eller 95 %. Osäkerheten kan minskas om mätningar utförs över en längre tidsperiod än som var möjligt under detta examensarbete. Värmetoppbelastningar som undersöktes i radiatorsystemet i VS1 Fräsaren 10 visade inte på att några signifikanta skillnader mellan antalet uppmätta värmeeffekttoppar under de olika mätperioderna. Det förekom dock en viss indikation att det kan leda till fler värmeeffekttoppar om prognosstyrningen stängs av i Ecopilot. För att få ett mer tillförlitligt resultat behöver mätningar göras under en längre tidsperiod. Inomhustemperaturen undersöktes i Fräsaren 10 och Fräsaren 11. I Fräsaren 10 uppgick medeltemperatur till 21,5 °C för fallen då Ecopilot var i normal drift och då prognosstyrningen var avstängd. Då Ecopilot var avstängd var medeltemperaturen 22,1 °C. Under mätperioderna uppmättes en variation som understeg ± 1 °C från medelvärdet för respektive mätperiod. Baserat på resultaten presenterade i detta examensarbete antaganden angående hur stor besparing av värme som Ecopilot ger upphov till revideras. Att jämföra energianvändning före och efter installation av styrsystem såsom Ecopilot kan ge en dålig bild av hur stor del av energibesparingen som orsakats av Ecopilot, speciellt om reglerkurvorna i det gamla systemet var dåligt intrimmade.
17
Draper, Karey Lee. "Wartime huts : the development, typology, and identification of temporary military buildings in Britain, 1914-1945". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270649.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of temporary, prefabricated buildings in Britain during the twentieth century arose from wartime need to provide better, and perhaps more importantly, portable shelter for troops and equipment. This thesis provides the first comprehensive list of hut designs for the First and Second World Wars. The full lists and descriptions of each hut are given in the appendices. These lists, 20 types for the First World War and 52 from the Second World War, show the huge range and scope of the huts used and is the major contribution of this thesis. The concentration here is on generic types. Some huts were designed as one-offs and there is no possible way to catalogue these. This thesis has focused instead on those designs or industrially-produced types, which were meant to be produced en-masse as generic solutions to the problem: the sort of hut that might justifiably be given a name (such as a ‘Tarran’, a ‘Seco’, etc.). This thesis provides essential information enabling historians to be able to identify these types. It uses primary and secondary sources to trace the development of these huts and the effect that wartime shortages had on their design. Beginning with the earliest examples of temporary military building, it then focuses on the huts of the First and Second World Wars followed by a study of huts grouped in chapters by material. This research shows that the wartime period pushed industry to make giant leaps forward with construction methods and materials in just a few short years, where otherwise it may have taken decades. This thesis aims to provide the first overview of this process and to enable future researchers to identify and understand the development of these important wartime structures, many of which survive to this day.
18
Hubáček, Lukáš. "Stavebně technologický projekt železobetonové monolitické haly". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This diploma thesis deals with the construction and technological project of the reinforced concrete monolithic hall for Dinel s.r.o., which has its seat in the industrial zone Zlín - Příluky. There are prepared a technical report for the construction project, time and financial plan of the construction of the second stage, a study of the implementation of the main technological stages, a project of the building facility, a design of the main building machines and mechanisms, a schedule of the main building including a plan of the material resources and technological regulations of selected stages together with control and test plans. In addition there is prepared a budget item of the main building, the health and safety plan and a problematics of the antistatic floors.
19
Vochyán, David. "Administrativní budova ESKO-T, stavebně technologický projekt". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265518.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this thesis is compile building and technological project of new office building of the company ESKO-T in Třebíč. This is a two-storey building, build technology cast-in-place longitudinal reinforced concrete frame with mono-pitched roof. Work is consist of a possible solution of steel, concrete and formwork of rental shop to building. Building and technological project, technological regulation for concreting, draft machine configuration, documentation broker transport relations, the crane card and concrete pump, control od worte quality, time schedule and building budget rough upper construction, environmental protection, occupational safety and health, object work schedule and price comparison concreting with hanging silo for concrete and concrete pump.
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Platzerová, Veronika. "Nájemní objekt Campus Bohunice – stavebně technologický projekt". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372221.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The subject of this diploma thesis is the construction and technological solution of the construction of the campus building Bohunice - object C. This building is a new building located on several unfinished parcels. The diploma thesis contains technical reports, technological regulations of the selected works, control and test plans for these works, design of the machine group, the transport relations in the narrower and wider surroundings of the construction, the budget budget, the timetable, the design and realization of the tower cranes.
21
Bakyta, Marián. "Vybrané části stavebně technologického projektu administrativní budovy s halou v Brně". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409913.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This diploma thesis deals with selected parts of the construction technology project of an office building with a hall in Brno. The thesis contains a technical report, the coordination situation of the construction, the time and financial plan, the study of the main technological stages, the project of site equipment, the design of the main building machines and mechanisms, the time schedule, the budget, the technology prescription of flat single-roof, the quality control and test plan, the assessment of lifting mechanism selection and the design of rainwater capture for further use.
22
Laubscher, Jacques. "An investigation of the National Building Regulations to promote uniformity and sustainability in the South African built environment". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28660.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study investigates two aspects that arise when an application is made for building plan approval to the Building Control Officer (BCO) in the Department of Building Control at a local authority (LA). Firstly, the uniform application of the minimum requirements for building plan approval is studied. Secondly, while keeping the original goal of the National Building Regulations (NBR) in mind, the inclusion of passive design requirements is considered as part of the minimum requirements. In the Republic of South Africa (South Africa), the National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act, 1977 (Act 103 of 1977) determines the minimum requirements of any building. Although the NBR are in the process of being rewritten, the amended 1990 version is still being used. On 15 June 2010, the South African National Standard (SANS) 10400-XA: The Application of the National Building Regulations Part X: Environmental Sustainability Section A: Energy Usage in Buildings, was published for public comment. However, the current version of the NBR does not address sustainability. Therefore, it is argued that the planning and erection of structures within the South African built environment do not currently conform to any minimum sustainability requirements. A series of ‘Deemed-to-Satisfy Rules’ constitutes an integral part of the NBR. Should a development in the built environment comply with these prerequisites, it is observing the statutory requirements of Act 103 of 1977. The regulations are implemented by the Department of Building Control of the different LAs (or municipalities). Act 103 of 1977 also prescribes the appointment, qualifications and functions of the BCO who should head the department. However, it is the LA’s responsibility to appoint the BCO. An LA’s Department of Building Control uses guidelines (as determined by Act 103 of 1977) to approve applications for new buildings and alterations to existing ones. A series of prescribed inspections should be conducted during the construction phase of a building. Before a building can be used for its intended purpose, the BCO has to sign a Certificate of Occupancy. Although the NBR provide prescriptions, the requirements are implemented in different ways by the various LAs. After determining the origin and examining the goals and implementation methods of Act 103 of 1977 and its Regulations (together with the Code of Application (SANS 10400:1990)), this study demonstrates that the current edition of the NBR is not uniformly implemented in the Republic of South Africa. Additionally, the study links the original goal of the NBR to limit inflationary tendencies with current practice to use passive design principles to combat building operation costs. Lastly, a pro forma application form is included as an addendum (although it is not officially part of the study). This proposed pro forma could assist in the uniform implementation of NBR, while at the same time promoting sustainability.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
unrestricted
23
"An Adaptive Intelligent Integrated Lighting Control Approach for High-Performance Office Buildings". Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.29815.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
abstract: An acute and crucial societal problem is the energy consumed in existing commercial buildings. There are 1.5 million commercial buildings in the U.S. with only about 3% being built each year. Hence, existing buildings need to be properly operated and maintained for several decades. Application of integrated centralized control systems in buildings could lead to more than 50% energy savings.
This research work demonstrates an innovative adaptive integrated lighting control approach which could achieve significant energy savings and increase indoor comfort in high performance office buildings. In the first phase of the study, a predictive algorithm was developed and validated through experiments in an actual test room. The objective was to regulate daylight on a specified work plane by controlling the blind slat angles. Furthermore, a sensor-based integrated adaptive lighting controller was designed in Simulink which included an innovative sensor optimization approach based on genetic algorithm to minimize the number of sensors and efficiently place them in the office. The controller was designed based on simple integral controllers. The objective of developed control algorithm was to improve the illuminance situation in the office through controlling the daylight and electrical lighting. To evaluate the performance of the system, the controller was applied on experimental office model in Lee et al.’s research study in 1998. The result of the developed control approach indicate a significantly improvement in lighting situation and 1-23% and 50-78% monthly electrical energy savings in the office model, compared to two static strategies when the blinds were left open and closed during the whole year respectively.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Architecture 2015
24
(9681032), Xiaoqi Liu. "Exploration of Intelligent HVAC Operation Strategies for Office Buildings". Thesis, 2020.
Cerca il testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Commercial buildings not only have significant impacts on occupants’ well-being, but also contribute to more than 19% of the total energy consumption in the United States. Along with improvements in building equipment efficiency and utilization of renewable energy, there has been significant focus on the development of advanced heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system controllers that incorporate predictions (e.g., occupancy patterns, weather forecasts) and current state information to execute optimization-based strategies. For example, model predictive control (MPC) provides a systematic implementation option using a system model and an optimization algorithm to adjust the control setpoints dynamically. This approach automatically satisfies component and operation constraints related to building dynamics, HVAC equipment, etc. However, the wide adaptation of advanced controls still faces several practical challenges: such approaches involve significant engineering effort and require site-specific solutions for complex problems that need to consider uncertain weather forecast and engaging the building occupants. This thesis explores smart building operation strategies to resolve such issues from the following three aspects.
First, the thesis explores a stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) method for the optimal utilization of solar energy in buildings with integrated solar systems. This approach considers the uncertainty in solar irradiance forecast over a prediction horizon, using a new probabilistic time series autoregressive model, calibrated on the sky-cover forecast from a weather service provider. In the optimal control formulation, we model the effect of solar irradiance as non-Gaussian stochastic disturbance affecting the cost and constraints, and the nonconvex cost function is an expectation over the stochastic process. To solve this optimization problem, we introduce a new approximate dynamic programming methodology that represents the optimal cost-to-go functions using Gaussian process, and achieves good solution quality. We use an emulator to evaluate the closed-loop operation of a building-integrated system with a solar-assisted heat pump coupled with radiant floor heating. For the system and climate considered, the SMPC saves up to 44% of the electricity consumption for heating in a winter month, compared to a well-tuned rule-based controller, and it is robust, imposing less uncertainty on thermal comfort violation.
Second, this thesis explores user-interactive thermal environment control systems that aim to increase energy efficiency and occupant satisfaction in office buildings. Towards this goal, we present a new modeling approach of occupant interactions with a temperature control and energy use interface based on utility theory that reveals causal effects in the human decision-making process. The model is a utility function that quantifies occupants’ preference over temperature setpoints incorporating their comfort and energy use considerations. We demonstrate our approach by implementing the user-interactive system in actual office spaces with an energy efficient model predictive HVAC controller. The results show that with the developed interactive system occupants achieved the same level of overall satisfaction with selected setpoints that are closer to temperatures determined by the MPC strategy to reduce energy use. Also, occupants often accept the default MPC setpoints when a significant improvement in the thermal environment conditions is not needed to satisfy their preference. Our results show that the occupants’ overrides can contribute up to 55% of the HVAC energy consumption on average with MPC. The prototype user-interactive system recovered 36% of this additional energy consumption while achieving the same overall occupant satisfaction level. Based on these findings, we propose that the utility model can become a generalized approach to evaluate the design of similar user-interactive systems for different office layouts and building operation scenarios.
Finally, this thesis presents an approach based on meta-reinforcement learning (Meta-RL) that enables autonomous optimal building controls with minimum engineering effort. In reinforcement learning (RL), the controller acts as an agent that executes control actions in response to the real-time building system status and exogenous disturbances according to a policy. The agent has the ability to update the policy towards improving the energy efficiency and occupant satisfaction based on the previously achieved control performance. In order to ensure satisfactory performance upon deployment to a target building, the agent is trained using the Meta-RL algorithm beforehand with a model universe obtained from available building information, which is a probability measure over the possible building dynamical models. Starting from what is learned in the training process, the agent then fine-tunes the policy to adapt to the target building based on-site observations. The control performance and adaptability of the Meta-RL agent is evaluated using an emulator of a private office space over 3 summer months. For the system and climate under consideration, the Meta-RL agent can successfully maintain the indoor air temperature within the first week, and result in only 16% higher energy consumption in the 3rd month than MPC, which serves as the theoretical upper performance bound. It also significantly outperforms the agents trained with conventional RL approach.
25
Atluri, Prabha Krishna. "Power quality simulator for commercial office buildings". Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The distortions of input voltage and current waveforms generated by switch mode power supply (SMPS) operation are a major cause of concern in the power quality performance of commercial office buildings. These distortions are usually evaluated by performing a site survey of the building. In this thesis, a power quality simulator is proposed as an alternative method to site surveys in evaluating the power quality characteristics of such nonlinear loads in a commercial environment.
The power quality simulator is built around the assumption that the total load kVA on each phase of the three-phase four-wire distribution system can be approximated. The proposed simulator is tested on two commercial office buildings, namely the Owen Hall and Dearborn Hall buildings of Oregon State University. Experimental time-domain and frequency-domain waveforms are presented. These are compared with the simulation results to prove the viability of the power quality simulator in determining the power quality characteristics of the building. Finally, a passive filtering technique was simulated to reduce the harmonic distortions in voltages and currents to further demonstrate the potential uses of the power quality simulator.Graduation date: 2000
26
Su-Chiu, Yu, e 游素秋. "Temperature Control &; Comfort Level of Office Building with Green Roof". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9rg2m9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
103
To reduce the urban heat island intensity in global sustainable environmental issues has become an international research focus. From international and Taiwan national report, through the roof greening, plant photosynthesis can effectively reduce the carbon dioxide in the air and the affection of the urban heat island effect. In 2014, in order to reduce the urban heat island, Taipei City Government requires any public project costing more than 50 million and the new buildings obtaining Green Building Mark should build green roofs. Effectively reducing the temperature and carbon reduction of green roofs has become an important policy issue. This research shows actual report on high energy consumption office buildings with large area of green roofs and uses Banciao District and Xindian District in New Taipei City as two examples; collecting relevant literature and research as the study foundation for the implementation of policies national wide and overseas; organizing relevant literature and research for comparative analysis; plus using Testo 175-H1 digital temperature and humidity recorder to record the temperature and humidity difference of roof surface and room temperature below between with and without green roofs. This research also uses survey questionnaire to investigate the office staffs’ awareness of reducing temperature and sense of comfort of green roofs. In addition, the study of impact of how having green roofs on office building influences the perception of the architecture from physical and psychological level. The results showed that: 1.outdoor green roofs which help reducing the urban heat island works more effectively than indoor green roofs. 2. full covering green roofs reduce room temperature more effectively than partially covered. 3. Green roofs help increasing the outdoor moisturizing level. 4. Open and full covering green roofs in case B, the residents are more likely to support the benefit of green roofs and with higher interest to manage and maintain. 5. There are 87.23% of office staffs of non-green roof support building green roofs. The main reason why the green roof is not set is because the roof is managed by the building management committee and any decision has to be agreed upon entire residents in the building. While Taipei City Government is actively promoting green roof policy, with high hope that this study will provide some helpful references of transformation of roof greening of office buildings.
27
CHANG, LIN CHENG, e 林正昌. "INVESTIGATION STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL FOR INTELLIGENT OFFICE BUILDINGS". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98616497894139260469.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士中國文化大學
建築及都市計劃研究所碩士在職專班
91
Abstract The office building’s indoor environment quality is an important topic with respect to the general pubic’s concern of health and comfort. As such, the purpose of this study is to find out the indexes and guidance for the indoor environment quality of office buildings in Taiwan and the rest of the world; also analyze the indoor environment control application techniques and facilities, equipment allocation, as well as users’ sensitivity and health environment consensus via field survey and qustinnaires; and physically measure the environment factors by the environment control measurement equipment; and thus present the concrete measures to upgrade the indoor environment control and quality; and present the improvement recommendations with regard to the existing laws and guidances. As indicated by the survey, the indoor environment indexes of Taiwan are very close to the international standard with respect to R&D; and the intelligent mechanism is undoubtedly the optimization strategy for the indoor environment quality. The survey also reveals a severe shortage of the initiative, passive application techniques and surveillance facilities as well as the indoor environment control equipment for certain indexes of the intelligent office buildings. As far as users’ satisfaction and response to the health environment consensus for related environment facilities are concerned, users are more satisfied with water and light visual environment; and are less satisfied with OA facilities and air quality. The major problems affecting users’ comfort, such as the excessive thickness of carbon dioxide, unbalanced temperature and lower relative humidity, are direct causes to affect the office workers’ comfort and satisfaction, and need to be solved. In general, the assessment system of the office building’s indoor environment quality in Taiwan is comparable to that in the advanced countries around the world. Therefore, if the central control systems can be improved and allocated in accordance with the standard values stated in the “Guidance for the design of intelligent buildings” initiated by the Architect Institute of the Ministry of Interior, the indoor environment quality of the office buildings in Taiwan will be significantly upgraded for the health of humans and the efficiency of the workplaces. This study recommends that the relevant laws should be made and enforced; and the building intelligence concept and technique should be promoted through education and incentives, thereby improving the general public’s health and upgrading the quality of indoor environment. As regards the subsequent research, the author recommends the extensive study on intelligent office buildings and non-intelligent office buildings as well as the residential buildings, apartments, and hi-rises.
28
Veitch, Jennifer Ann. "Personal control over workplace lighting: performance and mood effects". Thesis, 1991. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9568.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lighting research has produced a wealth of knowledge concerning the visual effects of workplace lighting, but little understanding of other behavioural consequences. One trend in current lighting practice is toward providing users with the opportunity to control their own workstation lighting, often through the use of supplementary task lighting. The general assumption is that personal control over lighting will lead to better performance and improved mood. The personal control literature in psychology is abundant and tends to support this belief. Environmental psychologists in particular have embraced the idea that the provision of choices in the physical environment will lead to desirable outcomes, such as feelings of self-efficacy or competence.
The present study tested the notion that personal control over lighting has beneficial effects, using a modified 2 x 2 Control x Preference factorial design with an additional control group to test for the possibility of subject reactivity biases. The Preference variable was included to test the hypothesis that working under favoured conditions, regardless of one's ability to control them, beneficially affects performance and mood. The design incorporated measures of motivation and attention to attempt to distinguish between two competing mechanisms that might underlie the effects. Male and female undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of the five conditions in this laboratory experiment for a 2-hr session during which they completed a mood questionnaire and intellectual tasks including brain-teaser puzzles, a creativity task, an arithmetic task, and a grammar worksheet.
The manipulation of Control as well as the manipulation of Preference (for the lighting at which one worked) affected ratings or perceived control. Subjects in the Control condition reported higher feelings of control than those in the No Control Condition; similarly, Preference Given subjects rated their perceptions of control more highly than Preference Denied subjects.
Contrary to the conventional wisdom among environmental psychologists and designers, the results showed that choices in the physical environment are not always beneficial, at least where lighting is concerned. Control subjects performed more poorly on the intellectual tasks and more slowly on the creativity task than No Control subjects. The outcomes are discussed as differential effects of decisional versus cognitive control. Design applications of the personal control construct await further research.Graduate
29
Kao, Kun-Yu, e 高坤育. "The Research for the Investigation of Central Control and Moniter System of Office Buildings". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49531975731450292943.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立成功大學
建築學系專班
92
Central Control and Monitor System can be said as a brain that controls many kinds of equipments in a building. The system mainly severs functions in monitoring, operation, controlling, recording and management. Through this system we can monitor the operational status of equipments of, e.g. electricity, air conditioners, hygiene related equipments, fire preventers, security equipments and transportations. A safe operation can then be maintained. The system can also save some expenses in staffs and energy power. In order to meet the needs of a building and achieve cost-effectiveness, the Central Control and Monitor System should be taken into account carefully from the very beginning of the building plan and through every stage of the building structuring. This may not be the situation for many of the buildings. Many buildings use a Central Control and Monitor System with high complexity. This leads to a difficulty in operation and maintains of the system and may not also meet the user’s needs. The cost-effectiveness is always of concern. The purposes of this study are: 1. To understand the Central Control and Monitor System among Taiwanese office buildings through a questionnaire survey approach. 2. To understand the management of the Central Control and Monitor System through a questionnaire survey approach. 3. To explore the relationship between the characteristics of buildings and Building Automation System input/output capacity. 4. To explore the relationship between the numbers of operational management and Building Automation System input/output capacity. 5. To investigate and analysis the cost-effectiveness of the system through a field case study.
30
Chiou, Pin-Feng, e 邱品逢. "Research of Optimized Control Model by Simulation Analysis of HVAC Chilled Water System in Office Building". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4k5s4q.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班
97
This thesis is to study the optimal operation control strategy for HVAC water system in office buildings in order to establish energy management techniques. At present, control of HVAC water systems is usually performed by the energy management system EMCS including the low level local control and high-level control of the entire region. The goal is to develop optimal operation strategies to keep the system at maximum efficiency without interrupting the demand supply of air-conditioning. In establishing the theoretical optimal control model for the chilled water systems, this study divides the piping into three core systems. First, in the primary-loop the average load method is used to search for the optimal chiller sequence, and in the second, particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is applied to the secondary-loop to analysis the optimization pump control strategy. Finally, the energy conservation is used to the common pipe to establish the computing model and then a computer model is developed to analyze the whole chilled-water system for the best control strategy. Finally, e-Quest simulation software is applied to validate the reliability of the present model and to study benefits of alternative energy-saving control modes. The results show that the present optimal control model can save pumping energy up to about 44.7 ~ 61.6%. And if the temperature-controlled variable-water volume technique is combined in the cooling water system, the energy-saving by the cooling water pump is about 33.09%. The optimal equipment control model by relevant temperature and pressure differential proposed by this study can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the HVAC water systems in office buildings, and can be embedded into the central control system of building to make real time comprehensive monitoring and optimal control of energy-saving possible.
31
Chang, Chia-hao, e 張家豪. "Study of Energy Saving Design And Benefit Formulation For Office Building by Using Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zwrqgk.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
99
Abstract Recently, effective reducing energy consume and energy saving have being the most concern of industries and institutions. Lighting and control techniques are focus of the issues. For effective control and reduce the lighting energy consumed, the study propose a dynamic lighting control strategy based on supervisory control and data acquisition system, SCADA, to realize a modern and intelligent lighting system. Thus, the thesis studies a systematic complete planning and design process for large commercial or office buildings based on energy saving trend concern from focusing on lighting control and energy management. The study is divided into several categories which include planning and management of lighting partition areas, sensor systems planning of indoor lighting control and public areas, lighting management for ordinary schedule and conference rooms, dimming control planning and realization. And an economic benefit evaluation has been done for comparison and to justify the effectiveness. The system proposed provided an open communication protocols which can organize effective hardware and software system to minimize the investment and cost. A office building was tested with the dynamic lighting control system as an example, the improvement energy saving reach 75 %, an acceptable and excellent result. With the aids of information network, the dynamic lighting control system based on SCADA can be another alternative energy saving technique in future. Keywords: SCADA, Dynamic Lighting control system, Saving Energy management.
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Antunes, Humberto Simões. "Daylight and Energy Performance of Automated Control Strategies for Interior Roller Shades". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20163.
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The façades design should be considered a major issue in the design of energy-efficient buildings. Manually controlled shades aren’t often adjusted properly by the office occupants. This situation leads to an increasing in the electrical lighting as well as heating and cooling loads. That is why the use of dynamic façade components is increasing amongst building designs, being able to adapt to interior and exterior impacts, and thus increasing the occupant comfort and reducing the energy consumption. The study presented in this document evaluates the daylight and energy performance of two automated shading control strategies for interior roller shades in the case of an existing office building. Both strategies were applied to three types of interior roller shade fabrics combined with three glass types. Computer simulations were conducted using Radiance to calculate the illuminance at work-plane values and EnergyPlus for energy consumption. The results showed that automated shading control strategies have the potential to minimize the total annual energy demand and significantly improve the daylight performance. Also, the optical properties of the glass and roller shades fabric have a big impact on the overall performance.
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Lung, Chiang，Chien, e 江堅龍. "Daylighting Incorporating Artificial On-out Control Lighting System for Office Buildings ─ Exploring the visual perception beside windows in an imitative overcast sky environment". Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66525752041891442241.
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