Articoli di riviste: "Building control officer"

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Abrahams, Gareth. "Revealing and exploring the insider/outsider role of the building control officer in England". Architectural Engineering and Design Management 13, n. 4 (4 marzo 2017): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2017.1296407.

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Dadashzadeh, Mohammad. "Big Data And The Hobsons Choice For IT Management". International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS) 17, n. 4 (29 settembre 2013): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v17i4.8099.

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The advent of Big Data is confronting Chief Information Officers (CIOs) with the fundamental dilemma of what role do we want Information Technology (IT) to play in building the DSS (Decision Support Systems) portfolio for the enterprise? This paper points out that the question is an existential one. For too long IT Management has concentrated on becoming the principal source of support for managers, in all functional areas and at all managerial levels, with the information they require for their control needs. At the same time, the IT function has been content to play second fiddle to domain experts, knowledge engineers, and decision modelers from outside the IT function for the same mangers needs for problem solving, planning, and decision making. Big Data, with its real-time impact on managerial control and planning needs, changes this status quo. It behooves CIOs to confront this Hobsons choice lest another C-level officer role such as Chief Analytics (or Data Science) Officer diminish the place of the IT function and the chant of does IT matter reverberate once again.

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Blair, J. Pete, M. Hunter Martaindale e William L. Sandel. "Peek or Push: An Examination of Two Types of Room Clearing Tactics for Active Shooter Event Response". SAGE Open 9, n. 3 (luglio 2019): 215824401987105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019871052.

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Prior to the modern era of active shooter events, the standard training for patrol officers responding to an ongoing shooting event required the responding patrol officer(s) to contain the shooter in the building where the attack was occurring, control access to the location, attempt to communicate with the shooter, and call the Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team. Recently, research has been undertaken to empirically examine different law enforcement response options. This article details one such experiment. The article details a tactic known as the peek. Utilizing an experimental design, we present findings regarding the peek room entry technique.

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Terpstra, Jan, e Renze Salet. "The contested community police officer: An ongoing conflict between different institutional logics". International Journal of Police Science & Management 21, n. 4 (dicembre 2019): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355719889465.

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This paper concentrates on the ongoing conflict about the role and work of community police officers in the Netherlands. This conflict can be understood as a result of conflicting institutional logics. Although there are important differences between the community officers, there is the logic or perspective used by most of the community officers. This logic puts much emphasis on personal relations, trust-building, direct information, craftsmanship, tacit knowledge, involvement and discretion and experience. However, community officers have also been confronted with two other logics, with more emphasis on crime fighting and managerial control. In addition, there is also a third, more implicit logic, built upon a frame consisting of two opposing images of community officers. On the one hand, many of the current community officers are seen as old-fashioned and outdated. On the other hand, a more positive image of new community police officers is presented, called community officers 2.0 This can be seen as a way to create a new type of community police officers that is more in line with the managerial need for organizational control and with a more limited and instrumental view on community policing.

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Tiarlina, Jimmy, Novrikasari e Rico Januar Sitorus. "Analysis of Fire Control Hotel in Palembang City". E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186803001.

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The Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number: 26 / PRT / M / 2008 about technical requirements of fire protection in buildings and environments has not been implemented optimally in hotels. The purpose of this research is to analyze the fire prevention system of hotel building in Palembang City. The research design was Cross Sectional, sampling technique used Stratified Random Sampling with 31 hotels as the sample. Data analysis used Chi Square test. The result of this research shows that from 31 hotels, 74.2% have good fire prevention system, 58.06% of fire officer access is eligible, 93.55% of water supply is eligible, 83.87% of the tools of rescue is eligible,74.19% of active protection system is eligible, 74.19% of knowledge of fire manager is eligible. The result of statistical analysis showed that there is no correlation between access of fire fighter, water supply and active protection system with the fire prevention system at hotel. The related factors were the tools of rescue; passive protection system; the knowledge of fire safety manager. The conclusions of this research is the related factors that has relation with fire prevention facilities at hotels in Palembang City is the tools of rescue, passive protection system and knowledge of fire safety manager. The writer suggests to improve the fire prevention knowledge for all hotel staff, to inform visitors about the way route of escape, the improvement of routine maintenance and coaching from managerial and the existence of further research on fire prevention system.

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Sunandar, Endang, Khanna Tiara e Mohamad Daud. "SYSTEM LOCK AND CONTROLLING CLASS ROOM DENGAN INTERFACE ANDROID BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO". CCIT Journal 9, n. 2 (14 gennaio 2016): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/ccit.v9i2.495.

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In day-to-day environment, buildings that have a lot of room doors sometimes appears constraints when should lock and unlock all the room one by one, because the security guards had to lock and unlock the doors on each floor of the building space manually. There are several systems that can be tailored to these problems, one of which is a lock and controlling system with Bluetooth facility. In this system using the Bluetooth facility to give commands to the microcontroller used, the namely ATmega328-based ArduinoUno. Users simply open the Bluetooth Controller application and connect to the bluetooth Android smartphone which is mounted on the door, then enter the password "1234" and press "A" to open, "b" to close, "c" to unlock, "d" key to lock the door, then the officer can control the door electrically

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Wibawa, Zeinfahmi Dwireski, e Sho'im Hidayat. "Penilaian dan Pengendalian Risiko Kecelakaan pada Pekerjaan Atap di Pembangunan Gedung Bertingkat". Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development 2, n. 2 (1 aprile 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jphrecode.v2i2.12517.

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Indonesia’s work accident rate is one of the highest in Southeast Asia, particularly in the construction sector. Work at height is one of the job that causes the most accidents in construction work. One of the work performed at height is a roof work. The purpose of this study was to conduct a risk assessment of roof work of building The Samator Surabaya by PT. PP. This research was conducted with observational approach. The object of this study is the roof work. Population and samples were taken from labor of roof work and SHE officer. The variable in this study is risk assessment and risk control. Data collected by observation and interviews with labor of roof work and SHE Officer. The results showed that there are 35 causes of hazard on the roof work, with 17 hazard classified as medium risk and 18 hazard classified as high risk. Most potential hazard is fall from height and fall of material. Assessment of risk control are in the range of 50% -90%. Residual risk assessment of hazard shows that there are 21 hazard classified as low risk and 14 hazard classified as medium risk. It is recommended that the company need to think about the compliance mechnanism of using PPE on workers that aligned with company policy and using reward and punishment system.

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Rohmah, Safiatur Nur. "Correlation study of Carbon Monoxide (CO) air exposure level with blood COHb level of Basement Officer in Surabaya Mall". JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 11, n. 3 (23 luglio 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v11i3.2019.225-233.

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Gas CO is formed as a result of incomplete combustion. The material containing carbon monoxide is gas emission from motorcycle vehicle which is toxic to humans. This study aims to analyze the correlation between CO gas that also known as Carbon monoxide gas in the air with COHb level of blood parking basement officers in Surabaya "x" mall. This study was analytical observational with cross sectional design and the data was analyzed by Chi-Square test. The number of samples used was 15 parking basement officers and a control group of 15 people as a comparison. The results of measurement of CO gas levels in 3 parking points were more than standards recommendation. While the other 3 points in the control area were below the quality standard. All of samples in the parking basement officers had COHb levels >5% and for control areas there were 11 persons who had COHb levels of <5% and 4 people who had COHb levels of >5%. The results suggested that there was a significant correlation between the characteristics of individuals with COHb levels, such as duration of work (p = 0.040), nutritional status (p = 0.047) and smoking habits (p = 0.046). While variable of age (p = 0.070) and personal protective equipment (PPE) use (p = 0.128) showed no significant correlation. In addition, there was a significant correlation between exposure of CO gas and blood COHb levels in basement car park officers in Surabaya “X” Mall (p = 0.000), and there was a distinction between COHb level of blood basement car park officers in the "x" mall building and the control group with a value of p = 0.000. Based on the results, it is suggested for car park officers to cease smoking, go to places with more oxygen, maintain diet and do exercise regularly. It is also suggested and recommended for agencies is to put more attention regarding exhaust fans’ maintenance and sufficiency.

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Noubissie Tientcheu, Simplice Igor, Shyama P. Chowdhury e Thomas O. Olwal. "Intelligent Energy Management Strategy for Automated Office Buildings". Energies 12, n. 22 (13 novembre 2019): 4326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224326.

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The increasing demand to reduce the high consumption of end-use energy in office buildings framed the objective of this work, which was to design an intelligent system management that could be utilized to minimize office buildings’ energy consumption from the national electricity grid. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and lighting are the two main consumers of electricity in office buildings. Advanced automation and control systems for buildings and their components have been developed by researchers to achieve low energy consumption in office buildings without considering integrating the load consumed and the Photovoltaic system (PV) input to the controller. This study investigated the use of PV to power the HVAC and lighting equipped with a suitable control strategy to improve energy saving within a building, especially in office buildings where there are reports of high misuse of electricity. The intelligent system was modelled using occupant activities, weather condition changes, load consumed and PV energy changes, as input to the control system of lighting and HVAC. The model was verified and tested using specialized simulation tools (Simulink®) and was subsequently used to investigate the impact of an integrated system on energy consumption, based on three scenarios. In addition, the direct impact on reduced energy cost was also analysed. The first scenario was tested in simulation of four offices building in a civil building in South Africa of a single occupant’s activities, weather conditions, temperature and the simulation resulted in savings of HVAC energy and lighting energy of 13% and 29%, respectively. In the second scenario, the four offices were tested in simulation due to the loads’ management plus temperature and occupancy and it resulted in a saving of 20% of HVAC energy and 29% of lighting electrical energy. The third scenario, which tested integrating PV energy (thus, the approach utilized) with the above-mentioned scenarios, resulted in, respectively, 64% and 73% of HVAC energy and lighting electrical energy saved. This saving was greater than that of the first two scenarios. The results of the system developed demonstrated that the loads’ control and the PV integration combined with the occupancy, weather and temperature control, could lead to a significant saving of energy within office buildings.

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Boonda, Phongpisanu, Aree Preedeekul e Phataraphon Markmee. "Analytical study of training program factors to develop the competency of regional operating officer (ROO) in the virtual service provider office (VSPO) in Thailand". Journal of Health Research 32, n. 1 (15 gennaio 2018): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-11-2017-006.

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Purpose Virtual regional service provider is a key management mechanism created to realize the health service system development plans and a mechanism established to bring about integration of all elements of the health system. However, a virtual service provider office (VSPO) to support the work of the executive has not yet been formally established, and there are no operations practitioners deployed yet, who are necessary to develop the competency of regional operating officer (ROO) in each province. The purpose of this paper is to analyze training program factors to develop the competency of ROO in the VSPO in Thailand. Design/methodology/approach This is a descriptive research that used structural equation model. The research sample consisted of 274 executives and 664 practitioners in the Vice Chief of the provincial health office under the 12 regions; executives’ questionnaire and a VSPO questionnaire were used as tools for this study; data were statistically analyzed by three methods, namely, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), second-order confirmatory factor analysis (second-order CFA), and path analysis (PA). Findings The variable model was composed of ten factors, selected from 40 variables, which are as follows: service plan and personal administration, summary to present for administrators in the VSPO, network management and team building, summary to adjust strategies, key performance indicator (KPI) and action plan, new management skills, system thinking, analytical thinking, synthesis thinking, conflict management style, and leadership; presentation of methods and data for monitoring, presentation skill, conference management skill; researching, learning skill, communication skill exercise, action plan workshop, preparation to study in the fields workshop; fiscal and monetary, internal control and risk management; project management, monitoring, and data definition; and positive thinking, conflict management process, negotiation skill contingency management. Originality/value Ten factors of the variable model of training program factors to develop the competency of ROO in the VSPO in Thailand had high construct validity and they were analyzed using three methods, i.e. EFA, second-order CFA and PA, that were appropriate to be used for developing a training program.

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Salah, Shatha, Rachael A. Lee, Bernard Camins e Frank Sidari. "From Outbreak to Compliance and Beyond: UAB Medicine’s Successful Implementation of a Water Safety Program". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (ottobre 2020): s479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1155.

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Background: Pre-emptive management of the water supply can reduce hospital-onset legionellosis associated with building water systems. In 2014, an outbreak of Legionella pneumonia occurred in a 1,150-bed academic medical center (with ∼0.557 km2 or ∼6 million ft2 of space) among hematology-oncology patients. A comprehensive water safety and management program was implemented after the outbreak was controlled. We describe our experience implementing this prevention program. Methods: After the Legionella outbreak was controlled, an air and water safety committee (AWSC) was established and cochaired by the healthcare epidemiologist and the chief facilities officer. The AWSC established protocols for proactive environmental testing and the development of the an infection control risk assessment (ICRA) dedicated to water safety known as the water system construction and renovation risk assessment (WSCRRA).The water system management plan (WSMP) was developed (prior to the publication of ASHRAE 188) to direct the risk assessments and mitigation of any risks throughout the campus. Results: The WSMP identifies critical control measures, points, and limits that need to be maintained to control and monitor Legionella growth in the water systems. A control point is any step in a process at which biological, chemical, or physical factors can be controlled. The UAB Medicine WSMP includes 7 control points that are monitored on a daily basis. Examples of these control steps include monitoring of the hot water temperatures at the water heaters and distal outlets, managing the levels of mono-chloramines and chlorines in the water system, and managing water system components. To validate the efficacy of the WSMP, >610 water samples are collected from 19 hospital buildings over a year to be tested for Legionella. The results of water testing have shown significant decrease in distal site positivity due to managing and controlling these control points. This WSMP also evaluated the efficacy of 2 different methods for disinfecting water systems on campus as a corrective measure to Legionella growth. These methods are hyperchlorination and temporary copper silver ionization; based on the culture results of the water samples collected post disinfection, WSMP data show that the copper silver ionization method was more effective than hyperchlorination in controlling Legionella growth and decreasing the distal site positivity. Conclusions: The WSMP has provided ongoing management of building water systems and proactive actions around construction and renovation projects that involve water systems to prevent healthcare-acquired legionellosis. We strongly recommend other healthcare facilities to implement a similar program to avoid outbreaks.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Rachael Anne Lee reports speaker honoraria from Prime Education, LLC.

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Gou, Zhonghua, Jian Zhang e Leigh Shutter. "The Role of Personal Control in Alleviating Negative Perceptions in the Open-Plan Workplace". Buildings 8, n. 8 (14 agosto 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8080110.

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Today’s office buildings adopt open-plan settings for collaboration and space efficiency. However, the open plan setting has been intensively criticized for its adverse user experiences, such as noise, privacy loss, and over cooling. The provision of personal control in open-plan work environments is an important means to alleviating the adverse perceptions. This research is to investigate the relationship between the availability of personal controls and the degree of control over the physical environment, as well as their effectiveness in alleviating adverse perceptions in open-plan workplaces. The study combined three systematic occupant survey tools and collected responses from open-plan offices in Shenzhen, China. Specifically, this survey covered 12 personal controls in open-plan workplaces; respondents were asked to report their degree of control over the physical environment and also were required to report if they had adverse perceptions such as sick building syndrome in their offices. The results showed that most of the 12 personal controls supported perceived degree of control over the physical environment but only half of them were negatively associated with adverse perceptions. Non-mechanical controls, such as windows and blinds, were found to be more effective than mechanical controls such as fans and air-conditioning in alleviating adverse perceptions. Conflicts were found between task/desk lights and other personal controls. The research generates important evidence for the interior design of open-plan offices.

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Indraganti, Madhavi, Djamel Boussaa, Somayeh Assadi e Ehsan Mostavi. "User satisfaction and energy use behavior in offices in Qatar". Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, n. 4 (9 gennaio 2018): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417751388.

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The occupant behavior significantly contributes to the total energy use in buildings and its understanding is greatly needed in energy analysis/simulation studies. Uncertainties about the occupant behavior adversely affect the building performance predictability of the simulation models. As field data in Qatar on occupant energy use and behavior was unavailable, we conducted an environmental satisfaction and energy use survey in the city of Doha, Qatar in seven office buildings. Building occupants were highly satisfied with their work environments with respect to most of the environmental parameters excepting acoustics. Access to operable controls such as windows, thermostats improved their satisfaction. Subjects in private offices were more satisfied with their work environments. We noted the self-declared productivity of respondents to be high in general. It was significantly higher in offices with better occupant access to temperature controls. Noise level dissatisfaction was the highest in high partitioned cubicle offices and satisfaction was high in open plan offices. These findings provide vital design direction for new offices and environmental systems design and for managerial motivational campaigns. Practical application: Using field study data, we analyzed the occupant behavior and environmental satisfaction in offices in Doha, Qatar. The Middle East in general and Qatar in particular are known to consume enormous energy for buildings leaving a large ecological footprint. The finding of this study informs the designers of air-conditioning systems about the user behavioral patterns. Further, these findings help the building managers in designing targeted energy awareness/saving campaigns, as user motivation is vital in energy saving.

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van de Maele, Jens. "From Bentham to Guadet: ‘Auditory Visibility’ in Nineteenth-Century Theories on Government Offices". International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 7, n. 1 (2 novembre 2019): 673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.577.

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Architectural historiography is seldom concerned with the antithetical notions of ‘noise’ and ‘silence’. In this case study, I tentatively explore the theme in the context of nineteenth-century administrative buildings. More particularly, I investigate the normative views of British and French authors concerning acoustic perception in one subtype of ‘bureaucratic’ architecture: the ministerial office building. Drawing examples from the work of, among others, ‘panopticon’ theorist Jeremy Bentham and the architect Julien Guadet, I point at the centrality of ‘sound control’ or ‘sound management’ in architectural discourses on office buildings. In the specific domain of ministerial offices, moreover, these discourses were rife with ideological views on the nature and the functioning of government itself.

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Dmitrenko, Andrey Yu. "METHODOLOGICAL GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING A MODEL FOR THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF FUTURE OFFICERS OF THE RUSSIAN AEROSPACE FORCES". Vestnik Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics, n. 2 (2020): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2020-26-2-173-179.

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The article discusses issues related to the development of a model for the formation of professional responsibility of future officers of the Russian Aerospace Forces (Russian battle flyers). Topicality of the indicated direction is determined by the high social significance of the professional activities of military pilots, the specifics of its organisation and implementation by the officer of professional functions that require managerial decisions in various flight conditions and high personal responsibility for the results of professional choice and the professional actions taken. This objectively requires improving the quality of professional training of future military specialists in the aviation field and organising focused work to develop their professional responsibility in the process of organising and carrying out flight activities. A theoretical analysis of scientific approaches to the problem of pedagogic modelling is carried out, its key semantic postulates are determined, a characterization of the nature and content of the pedagogic model is given. Based on the analysis, methodological guidelines are identified for building a model for the formation of professional responsibility of future officers of the Russian Aerospace Forces, represented by conceptual ideas of a synergetic, system-structural, competence, axiological, personality-oriented and reflective approaches that make up the methodological basis for modeling the process under study. It has been established that the architecture of the model integrates the target, substantive, instrumental-functional, control and assessment blocks and stages (organisational (explicative), orientative-active (quasi-professional), developing), which ensure the formation of professional responsibility of future military pilots and determine the structure, content and the process dynamics of this process in the educational development environment of a military aviation university. According to the results of the study, it was found that carrying out systematic work to form professional responsibility among future officers of the Russian Air Force, organised within the framework of a methodologically sound model, is an important factor contributing to the intensification of professional training and personal and professional development of future military pilots.

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Markiewicz-Zahorski, Przemysław, Joanna Rucińska, Małgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak e Michał Zielina. "Building Energy Performance Analysis after Changing Its Form of Use from an Office to a Residential Building". Energies 14, n. 3 (22 gennaio 2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030564.

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Lowering energy consumption is one of the most important challenges of the modern world. Since the construction sector accounts for 40% of total energy consumption worldwide, the Parliament of the European Union has developed a Directive, according to which all newly designed and thermally upgraded buildings should meet the requirements of almost zero energy demand (nZEBs) from 1 January 2021. At the same time, in Poland, but also in many other countries in the world, there is a growing oversupply of office space in large cities with a simultaneous increase in demand for apartments, which is caused, among other things, by the increase in the share of remote work and the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, this is forcing owners to change the use of buildings from office to residential. This article analyses the possibilities of changing the function of an office building to a multi-family residential building. For both functional solutions, a comparative energy analysis was carried out, taking into account different work schedules and the requirements for new buildings with zero energy demand. The analyses have shown that changing the form of use of an office building to a multi-family building without significant financial and technical costs is possible. On the other hand, the reverse change of the form of use is much more difficult and, in many cases, practically impossible. Due to the fact that many offices are now multinational corporations, this issue is global.

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Hodgson, Murray. "Acoustical Evaluation of Six ‘Green’ Office Buildings". Journal of Green Building 3, n. 4 (1 novembre 2008): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.3.4.108.

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To explain the reactions of the building occupants to their acoustical environments, meetings with the designers, walk-through surveys, and detailed acoustical measurements were done. The objective was to determine how design decisions affect office acoustical environments, and how to improve the acoustical design of ‘green’ office buildings. Design-performance criteria were established. Measurements were made of noise level, reverberation time, speech-intelligibility index (SII), and noise isolation. Noise levels were atypically low in unoccupied buildings with no mechanical ventilation, but excessive in areas near external walls next to noisy external noise sources—especially with windows open for ventilation—and in occupied buildings. Reverberation times were excessive in areas with large volumes and insufficient sound absorption. Speech intelligibility was generally adequate, but speech privacy was inadequate in shared and open-office areas, and into private offices with the doors open for ventilation. Improvement of the acoustical design of ‘green’ buildings must include increasing the external-internal noise isolation and that between workplaces, and the use of adequate sound absorption to control reverberation and noise.

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Zuo, Jian, Bo Xia, Qing Chen, Stephen Pullen e Martin Skitmore. "GREEN BUILDING RATING FOR OFFICE BUILDINGS – LESSONS LEARNED". Journal of Green Building 11, n. 2 (marzo 2016): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.2.131.1.

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Office buildings constitute a significant proportion of the non-residential building stock. In recent years, various rating tools have been developed to foster green office building development. The Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA) has developed the Green Star - Office rating tools for this purpose. There are an increasing number of stakeholders adopting these tools to showcase their efforts in sustainable development. This research focuses on the challenges and barriers in obtaining GBCA ratings in Australian Office buildings. To accomplish this, the scoring sheets from the rating of 264 certified office buildings were collected and critically analysed. The findings indicated that credits related to the attributes of innovation, ecology and energy are comparatively difficult to achieve. It was also found in this study that a large number of projects did not apply for the specific credits of refrigerant global warming potential, re-use of façade, topsoil and fill removal from site, and individual comfort control. This study provides a useful reference to both the property developer and the Green Building Council of Australia for green building developments in the future. In particular, the findings provide useful inputs to the development of the next generation of green building rating tools.

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Liu, Mingzhe, Hicham Johra, Per Kvols Heiselberg, Ivan Kolev e Kremena Pavlova. "Energy flexibility of office buildings – Potential of different building types". E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101052.

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The objective of this study is to investigate and assess the energy flexibility performance of typical Danish office buildings constructed at different periods. Four building study cases have been compared with different heating demands, structural thermal masses, envelope insulation levels and infiltration rates. All cases are equipped with the same novel two-pipe heating and cooling system. Each case is divided in four subcases with variations of heat gains: people load, lighting load, equipment load, solar gain. Analyses and comparisons have been performed on different parameters, including power load shifting and grid adjustment, comfort level, and economical benefits. All investigated cases are tested with two control strategies: a normal reference control strategy and an energy flexibility control. The flexible controller adjusts the indoor temperature set points for heating and cooling depending on different energy price levels.

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Bajno, Dariusz, Agnieszka Grzybowska e Łukasz Bednarz. "Old and Modern Wooden Buildings in the Context of Sustainable Development". Energies 14, n. 18 (20 settembre 2021): 5975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185975.

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Construction is a powerful industry that is not indifferent to the environment. Neither the maintenance of buildings in a proper technical condition nor their eventual demolition is indifferent to the environment. The main threats to the environment are still the inefficient use of construction materials and energy needed for their production and installation, as well as the emission of harmful substances to the environment at the stage of operation of buildings and their demolition. This article discusses the importance of wood as a renewable material in terms of its physical and mechanical properties. The restoration of forest areas is of great importance to the global ecosystem and the sustainable development system, reducing the threat of global warming and the greenhouse effect by reducing CO2 levels. In addition, demolition wood can be reused in construction, can be safely recycled as it quickly decomposes, or can be used as a source of renewable energy. The preservation of existing timber-framed buildings in good condition contributes to a lower consumption of this raw material for repair, which already significantly reduces the energy required for their manufacture, transport, and assembly. This also reduces the amount of waste that would have to be disposed of in various ways. Both at the stage of design, execution, and then exploitation, one forgets about the physical processes taking place inside the partitions and about the external climatic influences of the environment (precipitation, water vapor, and temperature) on which the type, intensity, and extent of chemical and biological corrosion depend to a very high degree. This paper presents examples of the influence of such impacts on the operational safety of three selected objects: a feed storehouse and an officer casino building from the second half of the nineteenth century and an 18th century rural homestead building. The research carried out on wooden structures of the above-mentioned objects “in situ” was verified by means of simulation models, which presented their initial and current technical conditions in relation to the type and amount of impact they should safely absorb. Moreover, within the framework of this paper, artificial intelligence methods have been implemented to predict the biological corrosion of the structures studied. The aim of the paper was to draw attention to the timber already built into buildings, which may constitute waste even after several years of operation, requiring disposal and at the same time the production of a substitute. The purpose of the research carried out by the authors of the article was to examine the older and newer buildings in use, the structures of which, in whole or in part, were made of wood. On a global scale, there will be considerable demand for the energy required to thermally dispose of this waste or to deposit it in landfills with very limited capacity until its complete biological decomposition. These energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions can be prevented by effective diagnostics of such structures and the predictability of their behaviour over time, with respect to the conditions under which they are operated. The authors of the article, during each assessment of the technical condition of a building containing wooden elements, analysed the condition of their protection each time and predicted the period of their safe life without the need for additional reinforcements or replacement by others. As the later reality shows, it is a very effective method of saving money and energy.

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Choi, Joon-Ho, Vivian Loftness, Danny Nou, Brandon Tinianov e Dongwoo Yeom. "Multi-Season Assessment of Occupant Responses to Manual Shading and Dynamic Glass in a Workplace Environment". Energies 13, n. 1 (20 dicembre 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010060.

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The quality and controllability of the building façade can significantly contribute to building indoor environmental quality (IEQ) as well as the building’s energy efficiency. Advanced technologies that support a façade’s dynamic response to climatic changes, such as electrochromic (dynamic) glazing, have emerged as smart systems for IEQ and environmental sustainability. This research summarizes a four-season study of office workers moving from a floor with conventional blinds to work environments equipped with smart dynamic glazing which changes tint in response to weather condition to control daylighting levels. Multiple occupant environmental satisfaction surveys were conducted over one year to investigate differences in environmental and psychological responses to office settings with manual, and often static, facades as compared to offices with dynamic glazing. This research confirms that dynamic glazing significantly affected occupants’ environmental satisfaction—enhancing individuals’ environmental perceptions and psychological health—as compared to manual blinds. It reveals that the occupants in work environments with dynamic glazing reported 21.7% higher productivity gains, 24.8% increased ability to relax, 12.7% improved concentration, 25.3% better moods and 29.4% greater alertness than when they were in offices in the same building with manual shading devices. Also, the dynamic feature of the smart glazing showed a significant contribution to perceived work productivity while enhancing positive emotional responses by an average of 26%.

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Deng, Zhang, Yixing Chen, Xiao Pan, Zhiwen Peng e Jingjing Yang. "Integrating GIS-Based Point of Interest and Community Boundary Datasets for Urban Building Energy Modeling". Energies 14, n. 4 (17 febbraio 2021): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041049.

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Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) is arousing interest in building energy modeling, which requires a large building dataset as an input. Building use is a critical parameter to infer archetype buildings for UBEM. This paper presented a case study to determine building use for city-scale buildings by integrating the Geographic Information System (GIS) based point-of-interest (POI) and community boundary datasets. A total of 68,966 building footprints, 281,767 POI data, and 3367 community boundaries were collected for Changsha, China. The primary building use was determined when a building was inside a community boundary (i.e., hospital or residential boundary) or the building contained POI data with main attributes (i.e., hotel or office building). Clustering analysis was used to divide buildings into sub-types for better energy performance evaluation. The method successfully identified building uses for 47,428 buildings among 68,966 building footprints, including 34,401 residential buildings, 1039 office buildings, 141 shopping malls, and 932 hotels. A validation process was carried out for 7895 buildings in the downtown area, which showed an overall accuracy rate of 86%. A UBEM case study for 243 office buildings in the downtown area was developed with the information identified from the POI and community boundary datasets. The proposed building use determination method can be easily applied to other cities. We will integrate the historical aerial imagery to determine the year of construction for a large scale of buildings in the future.

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Scofield, John, Susannah Brodnitz, Jakob Cornell, Tian Liang e Thomas Scofield. "Energy and Greenhouse Gas Savings for LEED-Certified U.S. Office Buildings". Energies 14, n. 3 (1 febbraio 2021): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030749.

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In this work, we present results from the largest study of measured, whole-building energy performance for commercial LEED-certified buildings, using 2016 energy use data that were obtained for 4417 commercial office buildings (114 million m2) from municipal energy benchmarking disclosures for 10 major U.S. cities. The properties included 551 buildings (31 million m2) that we identified as LEED-certified. Annual energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission were compared between LEED and non-LEED offices on a city-by-city basis and in aggregate. In aggregate, LEED offices demonstrated 11% site energy savings but only 7% savings in source energy and GHG emission. LEED offices saved 26% in non-electric energy but demonstrated no significant savings in electric energy. LEED savings in GHG and source energy increased to 10% when compared with newer, non-LEED offices. We also compared the measured energy savings for individual buildings with their projected savings, as determined by LEED points awarded for energy optimization. This analysis uncovered minimal correlation, i.e., an R2 < 1% for New Construction (NC) and Core and Shell (CS), and 8% for Existing Euildings (EB). The total measured site energy savings for LEED-NC and LEED-CS was 11% lower than projected while the total measured source energy savings for LEED-EB was 81% lower than projected. Only LEED offices certified at the gold level demonstrated statistically significant savings in source energy and greenhouse gas emissions as compared with non-LEED offices.

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Kardos, Tamás, e Dénes Nimród Kutasi. "Modelling and Model-Based Control of an HVAC System". Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 10, n. 1 (1 aprile 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2019.10.03.

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Abstract An HVAC system contains heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment used in office or industrial buildings. The goal of this research is to design a controller for the process of cooling an office building that is made up of three rooms. The desired room temperature can be achieved by controlling the fans making up the fan coil units and the cooling medium’s temperature. By these means the building connected to the electrical grid becomes a smart office. The used building model includes several dynamically changing interior and exterior heat sources affecting the inner climate, which introduces a level of uncertain prediction into the system. We have determined the controller’s performance by the rate of deviation from the expected temperature, the consumed electrical energy and the generated noise. The controller was created in Matlab Simulink with the possibility of migration to a Siemens PLC.

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Ding, Yuemin, Yiyu Ding e Natasa Nord. "Data-driven analysis of electricity use for office buildings: a Norwegian case study". E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124604005.

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Buildings are major consumers of primary energy and main contributors to carbon emission. To improve energy efficiency, it is essential to understand the characteristics of energy use in buildings. This study uses an in-use office building with digital systems for monitoring and control in Trondheim, Norway, as the study case. Based on data collected from this office building, a data-driven analysis was conducted to capture the characteristics of electricity use of different parts in the office building. The approaches used in this study included statistical analysis and polynomial regression. The impact of occupancy level on the total electricity use, the electricity use in office areas, and that in corridors & meeting rooms was also studied. The hourly electricity use profiles were obtained for ventilation fans and the cantina. In the end, the electricity use characteristics and existing issues in this office building were discussed.

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Kaminska, Aniela, e Andrzej Ożadowicz. "Lighting Control Including Daylight and Energy Efficiency Improvements Analysis". Energies 11, n. 8 (19 agosto 2018): 2166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082166.

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Energy used for lighting is one of the major components of total energy consumption in buildings. Nowadays, buildings have a great potential to reduce their energy consumption, but to achieve this purpose additional efforts are indispensable. In this study, the need for energy savings evaluation before the implementation of lighting control algorithms for a specified building is highlighted. Therefore, experimental tests have been carried out in a university building with laboratories and other rooms, equipped with KNX building automation system. A dimmable control strategy has been investigated, dependent on daylight illuminance. Moreover, a relationship between external and internal daylight illuminance levels has been evaluated as well. Based on the experimental results, the authors proposed a method for the rough estimation of electrical energy savings. Since, according to the EN 15232 standard, Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) play an important role in buildings’ energy efficiency improvements, the BACS efficiency factors from this standard have been used to verify the experimental results presented in the paper. The potential to reduce energy consumption from lighting in non-residential buildings by 28% for offices and 24% for educational buildings has been confirmed, but its dependence on specific building parameters has been discussed as well.

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Costa, Andrea, Marco Pietrobon e Thomas Messervey. "Hit2Gap Project: Highly Innovative building control Tools Tackling the energy performance gap". E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911105023.

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Measurement campaigns have shown major discrepancies in buildings energy performance between planned energy demand and real energy consumption, while nowadays most of the newly constructed offices buildings are equipped with BMS systems, integrating a more or less extended measurement layer providing large amounts of data. The HIT2GAP project has developed a new generation of building monitoring and control tools based on advanced data treatment techniques allowing new approaches to assess building energy performance data, getting a better understanding of building’s behaviour and hence a better performance. From a strong research layer on data, HIT2GAP solution builds on existing measurement and control tools that are embedded into a new software platform for performance optimization. The HIT2GAP solution is applied as a novel intelligent layer offering new capability of the existing BMS systems and offering the management stakeholders opportunities for services with a novel added value. Applying the solutions to groups of buildings also allows to test energy demand vs. local production management modules. This solution is being tested in various pilot sites across Europe. HIT2GAP work has been carried out with a permanent concern about market exploitation of the solutions developed within the project. This paper will present the project solution in detail and showcase the achievement so far in the real case demo sites.

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Cohen, Robert, Barry Austin, Paul Bannister, Bill Bordass e Roderic Bunn. "How the commitment to disclose in-use performance can transform energy outcomes for new buildings". Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, n. 6 (4 giugno 2017): 711–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417711343.

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The paper describes the transformation that has taken place over the last 15 years in the energy efficiency of new office buildings constructed in Australia and considers if and how the UK could follow suit. The success in Australia has been greatest for the ‘base building’: the energy performance of the HVAC services in tenanted spaces and of all end uses in the common parts. It embraces a ‘ design for performance’ culture, supported by the NABERS ‘Commitment Agreement’, where developers and their teams sign up to an in-use performance target. The process is underpinned by advanced simulation, strategic sub-metering and fine-tuning post occupation to help eliminate wasteful deviations. The paper considers the opportunity for the UK to introduce a Commitment Agreement process for new office buildings, integrated with the Soft Landings Framework. It is argued that from a technical perspective base building energy performance in new UK offices could be as good as it is in Australia. However, there are non-technical drivers missing in the UK. To compete with their Australian peers, the UK property and construction industries need a base building energy measurement and rating system, creating the ability to set a performance target and disclose the outcome. Practical application: Design for performance uses a much more realistic building simulation model at the design stage. Although this requires a lot more inputs (details of the building’s proposed chillers, AHUs, ducts and valves, etc. and their controls), it enables the designers to capitalise from computer-aided-design to improve energy efficiency. This process deploys the technology improvement template by which much of the modern world has progressed so fast, and enables innovation to flourish. The more advanced HVAC model can predict target energy budgets for each sub-system (boilers, chillers, fans, pumps, etc.) against which the actual energy used, as measured with sub-meters, can be compared to inform fine tuning during early operation. Although a model’s predictions can be considered the ideal energy performance of the as-built system, there’s an expectation that the base building’s real performance should turn out to be within around 10% of that anticipated from the modelling.

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Göçer, Özgür, Christhina Candido, Leena Thomas e Kenan Göçer. "Differences in Occupants’ Satisfaction and Perceived Productivity in High- and Low-Performance Offices". Buildings 9, n. 9 (30 agosto 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9090199.

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This paper reports the results from a dataset comprising 9794 post-occupancy evaluation (POE) surveys from 77 Australian open-plan offices. This paper specifically focuses on a sub-set of 20 offices (n = 2133), identified from ranking 10 offices each, with the least (n = 1063) and highest (n = 1070) satisfaction scores, respectively. The satisfaction scores were evaluated on the basis of seven factors (i.e., building/office aesthetics and quality, thermal comfort and indoor air quality, noise distraction and privacy, personal control, connection to outdoor environment, maintenance and visual comfort, and individual space). Using the POE survey data from 20 offices, regression analyses and two-way ANOVA tests were carried out to understand the differences in occupants’ satisfaction and perceived productivity arising from open-plan offices. According to the statistically significant regression analyses results, it was identified that building/office aesthetics and quality (β = 0.55, p < 0.001) and noise distraction and privacy (β = 0.33, p < 0.001) were the two strongest predictors contributing perceived productivity in low-performance offices. Two-way ANOVA test results for the 10 high-performance offices indicate that the perceived productivity was strongly associated with the office’s physical configuration, the employees’ working experience, and the working hours at that office.

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Ohueri, Chukwuka Christian, Wallace Imoudu Enegbuma e Russell Kenley. "Energy efficiency practices for Malaysian green office building occupants". Built Environment Project and Asset Management 8, n. 2 (14 maggio 2018): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-10-2017-0091.

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Purpose Green building construction was adopted as a strategy to reduce energy consumption and the overall impact of the built environment on our natural environment. However, in Malaysia, previous studies have reaffirmed that green office buildings consume a substantial amount of energy, compared to their counterparts in Singapore. Moreover, there is still a significant performance gap between predicted energy measurements and actual operational energy consumption of green office buildings in Malaysia, due to occupants’ behavioural discrepancies. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop energy efficiency practices for occupants of green office buildings in Malaysia. The developed practices integrate technology, organisation policy, and occupants’ behavioural strategies, in order to reduce the energy consumption of green office buildings in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the research goal, a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) research method was used to collect data from the research population. In total, 53 respondents working in a green office building complex in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia were surveyed using a questionnaire. Additionally, three top management staff of the green office building and two Malaysian construction professionals were interviewed. The study adopted convenience sampling technique in selecting the research respondents. The data from the questionnaire were analysed using SPSS software (version 22) while the interview data were analysed via thematic content analysis. Findings The findings suggest that the integration of technological strategy (use of BIM tools, sustainable building materials, etc.); organisational strategy (develop, implement and evaluate action plans, use of monitor/control systems, etc.); and occupants behavioural strategy (training, incentives, occupants energy efficiency guide, etc.) will critically reduce energy consumption of green office buildings in Malaysia. Originality/value Based on the findings, energy efficiency practices are developed to guide occupants in reducing the energy consumption of green office buildings in Malaysia. This strategy will contribute to reducing the performance gap that exists between predicted energy and actual energy use of green office buildings in Malaysia. However, the developed energy efficiency practices need to be validated to ascertain its workability in the green office building context.

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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Dr Esben Ostergaard, inventor, co-founder and CTO of Universal Robots". Industrial Robot: An International Journal 42, n. 2 (16 marzo 2015): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-12-2014-0438.

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Purpose – This paper, a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal, aims to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. Design/methodology/approach – The interviewee is Dr Esben H. Ostergaard, inventor, co-founder and chief technology officer of Universal Robots. From building his first robot to solve a local industrial problem at the age of four, to building the world’s first collaborative robot company, Dr Ostergaard shares his lifelong ventures as a robot scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. Findings – Dr Ostergaard received degrees in computer science, physics and multimedia at Aarhus University in Denmark, and a PhD in robotics from the University of Southern Denmark. While at Aarhus, Dr Ostergaard pursued his hobby of robot football, and in 1998, his team STATIC became the world champion of the Federation of International Robot-soccer Association (FIRA). Dr Ostergaard held research positions at the University of Southern California (USC) Robotics Labs and at the Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Tsukuba/Tokyo. During the years 2001-2005 as a researcher and assistant professor in robotics and user interfaces at University of Southern Denmark, he created the foundation for a reinvention of the industrial robot. This led him to found Universal Robots in 2005 with two of his research colleagues. Originality/value – From a young child who played with LEGOs until he got a Commodore 64, Dr Ostergaard has always been interested in robotics. His unique multidisciplinary education and multicultural research experiences helped him to pioneer a new multi-axis, lightweight industrial robot and launch the successful company, Universal Robots, which has grown from its three co-founders to nearly 150 employees, with more than 4,000 collaborative robot applications installed in over 50 countries worldwide. Dr Ostergaard has over 30 patents and has received many awards, including the 2012 IEEE-IFR Invention and Entrepreneurship Award (IERA), the 2013 Japanese Institute Good Design Award, the 2013 Robotics Business Review Game Changer Award and the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year 2012 in Region Funen.

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Sourbron, Maarten, Clara Verhelst e Lieve Helsen. "Building models for model predictive control of office buildings with concrete core activation". Journal of Building Performance Simulation 6, n. 3 (maggio 2013): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2012.680497.

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Goyal, Siddharth, Weimin Wang e Michael R. Brambley. "Design and implementation of a test bed for building controls". Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, n. 6 (29 aprile 2019): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419846775.

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Advanced controls play an essential role toward the improvement of building operational efficiency and the integration of responsive loads in buildings for grid services. Ideally, control algorithms must be sufficiently tested and validated before they are applied on real systems. This paper presents the development and current state of such an evolving test bed to support and enable experiments on advanced controls for buildings. The test bed presented in this paper consists of nine operating buildings—which possess various types of equipment and systems having different control systems and communication mechanisms (e.g., media and protocols) used in building automation systems—on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory campus. The test bed architecture is developed in such a way that (1) it supports interactions among the buildings and heterogeneous building components and systems, including both virtual and physical devices, e.g., heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning and lighting systems; (2) it can be easily reconfigured for different control topologies and methodologies, e.g., centralized and distributed; (3) it allows selection of communication protocols, communication media, and computation resources; and (4) it is part of a larger cyber-physical test bed that includes both physical and virtual assets on distributed renewable generation, energy storage, and power system assets. Practical application: The test bed presented in this paper can be used by industry to develop and evaluate the performance of advanced control algorithms on real systems for buildings and buildings-to-grid applications. This provides practitioners an opportunity to test the applications and modify them accordingly based on their use cases and selection criteria, e.g., a controller modulating the temperature in a hospital will have different criterion as compared to an office building.

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Nakamura, Sosui, Shin-ichi Tanabe, Junta Fujisawa, Emi Takai, Sayana Tsushima, Masayuki Ogata, Yugo Tsuneoka et al. "Effects of Wellness Conscious Buildings on the Well-being and Comfort of Workers". E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102047.

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In recent years, Mental and physical health of office workers is regarded as a problem and the office buildings which improve workers’ wellness. The WELL Building Standard was announced with the aim of improving the health condition of building users in 2014. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the improvement of the health condition of the office workers who work at the office applying WELL Building Standard. To achieve this purpose, low-score office and high-score office for WELL Building Standard scores were created by changing the indoor environment and furniture in the office, and subject experiments in which we perform the work were conducted in each condition. From the experimental results, we propose environmental control and introduction furniture to verify changes in health condition of office workers, to improve the wellness of building users, and to bring synergy effects to health. It was confirmed that working at plural spaces which workers chose themselves.

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35

Aıgüzel, Faruk, e Nuray Kızılaslan. "İstanbul İlinde Kontrol Görevlilerinin Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapısı ve Sorunlarının Belirlenmesi". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, n. 12 (28 novembre 2016): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i12.1061-1071.707.

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The aim of this study is to determine socio-economic properties and problems of the control officers in Istanbul province. The data are obtained via the questionnaire method from 99 control officers in the period of August-October 2015. As method, it is used to frequency, percent distributions and averages for personal and professional characteristics, opinions about related laws and categorized problems of control officers. Also, it is analyzed the relationship between sufficient and effective of official checking and some characteristics of control officers with Chi-square test (X2). It is determine that 58.59% of control officer are men and their averaged ages are 35.09. The people have been worked in the Ministry for 8.59 years and are control officers for 5.90 years in average. The majority of the people (91.92%) have been got trained in-service, and HACCP basic training is the most participated issue (85.86%). Although 64.65% of the people are satisfied with their jobs, the ratio of the people who consider with sufficient and effective of official checking is very low (27.27%) and 38.38% of the people stated that feel coercion with applying administrative sanction. The most important categorized problems of control officers are amendments frequently in legislation (74.75%), insufficient teams/officers in official controls (70.71%), lack of own directorate buildings in physical structure and equipment (36.36%) and insufficient payments in other job problem (59.60%). It is determined with chi-square test that there were significant relationships between the sufficiency and effectiveness of official controls and homeland of persons, job satisfaction, sufficiency in providing food safety of 5996 numbered law, feeling coercion applying administrative sanction. Solution of control officers’ problems and periodically training in food safety aspects could provide the contributions in food safety.

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Twum-Darko, Michael, e Patricia Ntombizodwa Mazibuko. "Compliance and enforcement challenges: A case of the national building regulations’ processes in South Africa". Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, n. 4 (2015): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c6_p2.

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This paper discusses the compliance and enforcement processes of the National Building Regulations of South Africa. These processes are administered by the National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications (NRCS) in terms of the National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 of 1977 (The Act). The objective was to investigate the how the business processes by the NRCS have enforced Building Control Officers at the Local Authorities nationwide to comply with the safety of buildings for building occupants or end-users. The investigation was largely motivated by the high number of injuries, deaths and/or human lives affected and reported due to collapsing and defective buildings. It was a case study based on disasters occurred and reported at various Local Authorities, in private residential homes, government-owned buildings, abandoned and commercial buildings, such as shopping malls. This study applied the interpretive approach underpinned by qualitative methodology where interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from affected stakeholders. The stakeholders ranged from building owners, prospective building owners and/or building occupants, built-environment practitioners, Local Authorities’ Building Control Officers and the Regulator. In gathering the data, it was ensured that it was done in an ethical manner and for the intended study only. The empirical findings revealed that there was a critical need for business process review and strategy shifts that advance objectivity and benefits to compliance, visibility and awareness of regulatory process. The output is a proposed re-design NRCS business processes that can effectively enforce compliance of the building regulations of South Africa.

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Plörer, Daniel, Sascha Hammes, Martin Hauer, Vincent van Karsbergen e Rainer Pfluger. "Control Strategies for Daylight and Artificial Lighting in Office Buildings—A Bibliometrically Assisted Review". Energies 14, n. 13 (26 giugno 2021): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133852.

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A significant proportion of the total energy consumption in office buildings is attributable to lighting. Enhancements in energy efficiency are currently achieved through strategies to reduce artificial lighting by intelligent daylight utilization. Control strategies in the field of daylighting and artificial lighting are mostly rule-based and focus either on comfort aspects or energy objectives. This paper aims to provide an overview of published scientific literature on enhanced control strategies, in which new control approaches are critically analysed regarding the fulfilment of energy efficiency targets and comfort criteria simultaneously. For this purpose, subject-specific review articles from the period between 2015 and 2020 and their research sources from as far back as 1978 are analysed. Results show clearly that building controls increasingly need to address multiple trades to achieve a maximum improvement in user comfort and energy efficiency. User acceptance can be highlighted as a decisive factor in achieving targeted system efficiencies, which are highly determined by the ability of active user interaction in the automatic control system. The future trend is moving towards decentralized control concepts including appropriate occupancy detection and space zoning. Simulation-based controls and learning systems are identified as appropriate methods that can play a decisive role in reducing building energy demand through integral control concepts.

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Yahiaoui, A. "Modelling and hybrid control of building lighting systems". Lighting Research & Technology 50, n. 8 (23 luglio 2017): 1225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517712781.

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Abstract (sommario):

The development of an accurate control system for shading devices, essentially motorised Venetian blinds, relies on the rational use of daylight in buildings. This study proposes a control strategy for building lighting components, both daylighting and artificial lighting, to automatically adjust the light level in an office building as required and to block direct sunlight from entering the office, when necessary. The proposed control strategy is based on a hybrid statecharts model mainly consisting of a supervisory control system that chooses appropriate control actions for a current sky condition depending on the sky ratio and clearness index. These control actions are implemented to automatically adjust the blind height and slat angle, and turn on the artificial lighting only when needed. Real experiments in a test-cell demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed control strategy.

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Maleetipwan-Mattsson, Pimkamol, e Thorbjörn Laike. "Optimal office lighting use: a Swedish case study". Facilities 33, n. 9/10 (6 luglio 2015): 573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-01-2014-0004.

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Abstract (sommario):

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal office lighting use with different types of lighting controls to achieve energy savings and provide visual comfort for individuals. Design/methodology/approach – A case study and field measurements were carried out in 18 single-occupancy offices in Sweden where six different lighting controls were investigated. Occupancy and daylight hours were key issues for determining the lighting use. For each office, occupancy patterns, use of a ceiling luminaire, energy usage and perceptions of office lighting in the spring-summer and autumn-winter were established. Findings – The use of luminaires varied among the occupants and could be habitual. Though the study yielded positive results concerning the potential for manual or daylight dimming with occupancy switch-off controls to increase optimal lighting use, combining dimming controls with manual on/off controls is rather effective if occupants generally sit in their offices most of the day. Research limitations/implications – Precise comparisons of the performances of the different controls were limited due to the offices’ different window orientations; thus, measurements in identical offices are desirable. The small sample size limited analyses of lighting use and the personal perceptions of lighting quality. Practical implications – Apart from the contribution to simulation techniques, the findings imply that office lighting controls should be selected taking individuals’ behavioural patterns and perceived lighting quality into consideration. Originality/value – This paper describes an approach to determine the use of lighting controls and provides a basis for establishing optimal lighting use for individuals with regard to occupancy and daylight availability.

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Wehbe, Rania, e Isam Shahrour. "Use of BIM and Smart Monitoring for buildings’ Indoor Comfort Control". MATEC Web of Conferences 295 (2019): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929502010.

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Building information modeling (BIM) is the geometric way to present a life cycle construction project including geographic information. Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been progressively used smart buildings in order to enhance living comfort, work productivity and entertainment. However, studies addressing the combination of these two technologies (BIM and IoT) focused on the automatic diffusion of data through sensors to BIM models [1]. Based on American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) a great portion of our time is spend inside buildings, in our offices, homes, schools, health care facilities, or in other private or public buildings. Hence the necessity to improve the basic human right to live in a healthy, safe and comfort environment is vital. This paper presents the use of BIM to support complex decisions concerning comfort conditions in buildings. This use is illustrated through a case study concerning a building of the AUST campus in Beirut.

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41

Leerbeck, Kenneth, Peder Bacher, Rune Grønborg Junker, Anna Tveit, Olivier Corradi, Henrik Madsen e Razgar Ebrahimy. "Control of Heat Pumps with CO2 Emission Intensity Forecasts". Energies 13, n. 11 (3 giugno 2020): 2851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112851.

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An optimized heat pump control for building heating was developed for minimizing CO 2 emissions from related electrical power generation. The control is using weather and CO 2 emission forecasts as inputs to a Model Predictive Control (MPC)—a multivariate control algorithm using a dynamic process model, constraints and a cost function to be minimized. In a simulation study, the control was applied using weather and power grid conditions during a full-year period in 2017–2018 for the power bidding zone DK2 (East, Denmark). Two scenarios were studied; one with a family house and one with an office building. The buildings were dimensioned based on standards and building codes/regulations. The main results are measured as the CO 2 emission savings relative to a classical thermostatic control. Note that this only measures the gain achieved using the MPC control, that is, the energy flexibility, not the absolute savings. The results show that around 16% of savings could have been achieved during the period in well-insulated new buildings with floor heating. Further, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of various building properties, for example, level of insulation and thermal capacity. Danish building codes from 1977 and forward were used as benchmarks for insulation levels. It was shown that both insulation and thermal mass influence the achievable flexibility savings, especially for floor heating. Buildings that comply with building codes later than 1979 could provide flexibility emission savings of around 10%, while buildings that comply with earlier codes provided savings in the range of 0–5% depending on the heating system and thermal mass.

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Talei, Hanaa, Driss Benhaddou, Carlos Gamarra, Houda Benbrahim e Mohamed Essaaidi. "Smart Building Energy Inefficiencies Detection through Time Series Analysis and Unsupervised Machine Learning". Energies 14, n. 19 (23 settembre 2021): 6042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196042.

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The climate of Houston, classified as a humid subtropical climate with tropical influences, makes the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems the largest electricity consumers in buildings. HVAC systems in commercial buildings are usually operated by a centralized control system and/or an energy management system based on a fixed schedule and scheduled control of a zone setpoint, which is not appropriate for many buildings with changing occupancy rates. Lately, as part of energy efficiency analysis, attention has focused on collecting and analyzing smart meters and building-related data, as well as applying supervised learning techniques, to propose new strategies to operate HVAC systems and reduce energy consumption. On the other hand, unsupervised learning techniques have been used to study the consumption information and profile characterization of different buildings after cluster analysis is performed. This paper adopts a different approach by revealing the power of unsupervised learning to cluster data and unveiling hidden patterns. In this study, we also identify energy inefficiencies after exploring the cluster results of a single building’s HVAC consumption data and building usage data as part of the energy efficiency analysis. Time series analysis and the K-means clustering algorithm are successfully applied to identify new energy-saving opportunities in a highly efficient office building located in the Houston area (TX, USA). The paper uses 1-year data from a highly efficient Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED)-, Energy Star-, and Net Zero-certified building, showing a potential energy savings of 6% using the K-means algorithm. The results show that clustering is instrumental in helping building managers identify potential additional energy savings.

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Sakellaris, Saraga, Mandin, de Kluizenaar, Fossati, Spinazzè, Cattaneo et al. "Personal Control of the Indoor Environment in Offices: Relations with Building Characteristics, Influence on Occupant Perception and Reported Symptoms Related to the Building—The Officair Project". Applied Sciences 9, n. 16 (7 agosto 2019): 3227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163227.

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Personal control over various indoor environment parameters, especially in the last decades, appear to have a significant role on occupants’ comfort, health and productivity. To reveal this complex relationship, 7441 occupants of 167 recently built or retrofitted office buildings in eight European countries participated in an online survey about personal/health/work data as well as physical/psycho-social information. The relationship between the types of control available over indoor environments and the perceived personal control of the occupants was examined, as well as the combined effect of the control parameters on the perceived comfort using multilevel statistical models. The results indicated that most of the occupants have no or low control on noise. Half of the occupants declared no or low control on ventilation and temperature conditions. Almost one-third of them remarked that they do not have satisfactory levels of control for lighting and shading from sun conditions. The presence of operable windows was shown to influence occupants’ control perception over temperature, ventilation, light and noise. General building characteristics, such as floor number and floor area, office type, etc., helped occupants associate freedom positively with control perception. Combined controlling parameters seem to have a strong relation with overall comfort, as well as with perception regarding amount of privacy, office layout and decoration satisfaction. The results also indicated that occupants with more personal control may have less building-related symptoms. Noise control parameter had the highest impact on the occupants’ overall comfort.

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Teixeira, Henriqueta, Maria da Glória Gomes, António Moret Rodrigues e Júlia Pereira. "In-Service Thermal and Luminous Performance Monitoring of a Refurbished Building with Solar Control Films on the Glazing System". Energies 14, n. 5 (3 marzo 2021): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051388.

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The global increase in energy needs and environmental awareness for a more efficient energy use have boosted building rehabilitation to decrease energy consumption. The installation of solar control films (SCFs) in buildings with large glazing façades makes it possible to reduce excessive solar gains through the glazing. The main purpose of the work is to assess, with field experimental data, the thermal and luminous performances of double-glazing units with SCFs installed in office rooms, in Lisbon. An experimental campaign was carried out simultaneously in three adjacent offices: one with a highly reflective SCF (external installation), one with a reflective SCF (internal installation) and one without an SCF. The exterior SCF showed the best thermal performance with reductions in the peak indoor air temperature of up to 6.9 and 2.3 °C during the representative days of the heating and cooling periods, respectively, increasing thermal comfort mainly during the cooling period. The interior SCF had a poorer thermal performance since it contributed to solar radiation absorption that is then emitted as heat into the indoor environment, increasing the greenhouse effect of the office. The presence of SCFs reduced the indoor illuminance levels, having a positive impact on thermal comfort and glare reduction in the cooling period.

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Glema, A. "Building Information Modeling BIM - Level of Digital Construction". Archives of Civil Engineering 63, n. 3 (26 settembre 2017): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2017-0027.

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Abstract In the paper the topic of Building Information Technology BIM is investigated. It is new in Polish circumstances technology for construction and for building product industry, which contribute to change and develop level of industrialization. Especially challenge raising from the information and introducing IT technology into daily practice is considered to provide changes in construction branch of economy. In Poland there is the hot need of start to introduce BIM as the common technology for owners of assets, facility management, construction entities, design offices, administration officers and many other players relative to construction data and processes. BIM technology introduction, basing on foreign case studies, results in cost savings, control and time reduction of investment processes and some more advantages. The perspective of digital buildings, digital infrastructure, digital roads, digital railways and digital cities is outlined at the perspective of technology challenge, but simply transfiguration of many fields of personal everyday life, where digitalization is already present and with the question when it will be common in professional activity, particularly in civil engineering.

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Victoria, Michele Florencia, Srinath Perera, Alan Davies e Nirodha Fernando. "Carbon and cost critical elements: a comparative analysis of two office buildings". Built Environment Project and Asset Management 7, n. 5 (16 novembre 2017): 460–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-12-2016-0086.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and compare cost and carbon critical elements of two office buildings, and to help achieve an optimum balance between the capital cost (CC) and embodied carbon (EC) of buildings. Design/methodology/approach Case study approach was employed to study cost and carbon critical elements of two office buildings as it allows an in-depth and holistic investigation. Elemental estimates of CC and EC were prepared from BoQs of the two buildings by obtaining rates from the UK Building Blackbook. Pareto principle (80:20 rule) was used to identify carbon and cost critical elements of the two buildings, and the significance hierarchies of building elements were compared. Findings Substructure, frame and services were identified as both carbon and cost critical elements responsible for more than 70 per cent of the total CC and EC of both buildings. Stairs and ramps, internal doors and fittings, furnishings and equipment were identified to be the least carbon- and cost-significant elements contributing less than 2 per cent of total CC and EC in both buildings. The hierarchy of cost and carbon significance varies between buildings due to the difference in the specification and design. Originality/value The increasing significance of dual currency (cost and carbon) demands cost and carbon management during the early stages of projects. Hence, this paper suggests that focusing on carbon and cost-intensive building elements is a way forward to keep both cost and carbon under control during the early stages of projects.

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Kardos, Tamás, e Dénes Nimród Kutasi. "Model-based Predictive Control of an HVAC System". Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 11, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2019): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2019.11.21.

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Abstract This paper presents the application of two model-based predictive control (MPC) algorithms on the cooling system of an office building. The two strategies discussed are a simple MPC, and an adaptive MPC algorithm connected to a model predictor. The cooling method used represents the air-conditioning unit of an HVAC system. The temperature of the building’s three rooms is controlled with fan coil units, based on the reference temperature and with different constraints applied. Furthermore, the building model is affected by dynamically changing interior and exterior heat sources, which we introduced into the controller as disturbances.

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El Mohimen, Mostafa Abd, George Hanna e Moncef Krarti. "Analysis of Daylighting Benefits for Office Buildings in Egypt". Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, n. 3 (13 ottobre 2004): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1877472.

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This paper summarizes the results of a simulation analysis to determine the effectiveness of daylighting in reducing electrical energy consumption for office buildings in Egypt. Specifically, the impact on daylighting performance is investigated of window size, building size, daylighting control, and glazing type for three geographical locations in Egypt. It was determined that a window to wall area ratio of 0.20 minimizes the total annual electricity use for office buildings in three Egyptian locations, Cairo, Alexandria, and Aswan. A simplified analysis method is developed based on the analysis results to estimate the annual electrical energy savings attributed to daylighting.

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Kunwar, Niraj, e Mahabir Bhandari. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Energy and Daylighting Impact of Window Shading Systems and Control Strategies on Commercial Buildings in the United States". Energies 13, n. 9 (11 maggio 2020): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092401.

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Commercial buildings consume approximately 1.9 EJ of energy in the United States, 50% of which is for heating, cooling, and lighting applications. It is estimated that windows contribute up to 34% of the energy used for heating and cooling. However, window retrofits are not often undertaken to increase energy efficiency because of the high cost and disruptive nature of window installation. Highly efficient window technologies would also need shading devices for glare prevention and visual comfort. An automated window shading system with an appropriate control strategy is a technology that can reduce energy demand, maintain occupant comfort, and enhance the aesthetics and privacy of the built environment. However, the benefits of the automated shades currently used by the shading industry are not well studied. The topic merits an analysis that will help building owners, designers and engineers, and utilities make informed decisions using knowledge of the impact of this technology on energy consumption, peak demand, daylighting, and occupant comfort. This study uses integrated daylight and whole-building energy simulation to evaluate the performance of various control strategies that the shading industry uses in commercial office buildings. The analysis was performed for three different vintages of medium office buildings at six different locations in United States. The results obtained show the control strategies enabled cooling energy savings of up to 40% using exterior shading, and lighting energy savings of up to 25%. The control strategies described can help building engineers and researchers explore different control methods used to control shading in actual buildings but rarely discussed in the literature. This information will give researchers the opportunity to investigate potential improvements in current technologies and their performance.

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Rasheed, Eziaku, Maryam Khoshbakht e George Baird. "Does the Number of Occupants in an Office Influence Individual Perceptions of Comfort and Productivity?—New Evidence from 5000 Office Workers". Buildings 9, n. 3 (25 marzo 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9030073.

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Purpose—The purpose of this article is to present evidence of occupants’ perception of their work environment in five different office types (Solo, Duo, 2–4, 5–8 and 8Plus offices). The study examined the influence of the number of office occupants on individual perception of indoor environment quality (IEQ) in office environments. Design/methodology/approach—A dataset of 5000 respondents in 67 commercial and institutional office buildings was analysed using IBM SPSS v23. The dataset contained user response on the BUS Methodology questionnaire that is designed to retrieve occupants’ perception of their work environments. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis were conducted to calculate the impact of the office environment on occupants’ perception of comfort and productivity. Findings - This study showed that occupants in Solo and Duo offices perceived higher satisfaction with their environment (except for temperature in summer), better health and productivity; and more control over the office environment than those in 5–8 and 8Plus offices. Occupants in 8Plus offices were most satisfied with the temperature in summer. It was also noted that the IEQ factors that predicted comfort were observed to not predict productivity. Noise was the only IEQ factor that had predictive power for both comfort and productivity in all the office spaces. Originality/value—This article provides intriguing findings on occupants’ perception of various types of office environment that contributes significantly to the debate on open-plan versus cellular office environments.

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