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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Burn speed"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 4 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Burn speed"

Knight, Kathryn. "High-speed dolphins burn double calories". Journal of Experimental Biology 220, n. 6 (15 marzo 2017): 953.1–953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.158683.

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Lao, Qi Cheng, e Zhi Yi Shang. "Experimental Study on Cooling-Air Grinding of High Speed Steel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 288 (febbraio 2013): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.288.308.

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In the grinding of high speed steel, the high temperature grinding zone often leads to poor surface quality such as grinding burn, micro-cracks and tensile residual stresses. In the paper, the cooling-air technology was adopted to study the grinding of high speed steel. The experimental results show that cooling-air grinding can effectively restrain the grinding burns, reduce the surface roughness value and improve the surface quality in comparison with dry grinding.

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Schmidt, Patricia, e Elizabeth A. Mann-Salinas. "Evolution of Burn Management in the U.S. Military: Impact on Nursing". Annual Review of Nursing Research 32, n. 1 (ottobre 2014): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.32.25.

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As the only burn center in the Department of Defense, the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research is the primary location for care of service members with burn injuries. The combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan during the past decade have caused an increase in burn patients. As a result of this increased need, advancements in care were developed. The speed and precision of transporting patients from the battlefield to the burn center has improved over previous conflicts. Technological advancements to support treating complications of burn wound healing were leveraged and are now integrated into daily practice. Clinical decision support systems were developed and deployed at the burn center as well as to combat support hospitals in combat zones. Technology advancements in rehabilitation have allowed more service members to return to active duty or live productive civilian lives. All of these advancements were developed in a patient-centered, interdisciplinary environment where the nurses are integrated throughout the research process and clinical practice with the end goal of healing combat burns in mind.

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Bonatesta, F., e P. J. Shayler. "Factors influencing the burn rate characteristics of a spark ignition engine with variable valve timing". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, n. 11 (1 novembre 2008): 2147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto873.

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The charge burn characteristics of a four-cylinder port-fuel-injected spark ignition engine fitted with a dual independent variable-valve-timing system have been investigated experimentally. The influence of valve timings on the flame development angle and the rapid burn angle is primarily associated with valve overlap values and internal gas recirculation. Conditions examined cover light to medium loads and engine speeds up to 3500r/min. As engine loads and speeds exceeded about 6bar net indicated mean effective pressure and 3000r/min respectively, combustion duration was virtually independent of the valve timing setting. At lower speeds and work output conditions, valve timing influenced burn angles through changes in dilution mass fraction, charge density, and charge temperature. Of these, changes in dilution mass fraction had the greatest influence. Increasing the dilution by increasing the valve overlap produced an increase in both burn angles. The effects of mean piston speed and spark timing have also been examined, and empirical expressions for the flame development and the rapid burn angles are presented.

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Subramaniam, Prabhakar Rontala, e Chitra Venugopal. "Comparison of Mamdani and Sugeno Inference Methods in Calorie Burn Calculation for Activity Using Treadmill". Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, n. 4 (1 aprile 2020): 1703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8428.

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This research provides a comparison between the performance of Mamdani and Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System in Calorie Burn calculation for treadmill workout exercise. The results are compared against the calculation calorie burn value using traditional formula. The objective of this results to get a system which provides calorie burn results closer to the traditionally calculated value. The Mamdani and Sugeno systems are designed with two input membership functions namely Incline and Speed and one output membership function called Calorie Burn as used in the traditional calculation method. The fuzzy rule table is designed using 7 Membership function for Incline and speed inputs and 9 Membership function for calorie burn output. The Mamdani and Sugeno system are tested with the same fuzzy rules for better comparison. The results are tabulated with theoretical values compared with Mamdani and Sugeno system for 5 incline levels and 7 speed levels. It can be observed that the Sugeno system results are closer to the traditional calculation results. This is shows that the sugeno system works better than Mamdani system for linear system. Also it depicts the calculated values and hence it can be used as a replacement for tedious mathematical analysis.

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Yuan, Xing Bo, Zhi Jun Li, Shao Shu Chen e Ying Zhang. "Study on Fuel Economy and Exhaust Emission of Lean-Burn PFI Engines". Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (ottobre 2011): 1749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1749.

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Lean-burn engines operate at a very lean air-to-fuel (A/F) ratio under light-load and part-load regions, in order to analyze the effect of engine speed and load on the BSFC (Break Specific Fuel Consumption) and exhaust emission of Lean-burn engine, an experimental research was conducted on a 4 cylinder lean-burn gasoline engine using different A/F ratios. The results show that the CO emission level decrease significantly, HC emission level becomes lower at the same A/F ratio, while the NOx emission increases, hence, advanced technologies are needed to carry out the NOx storage and purge operations in the lean-burn engines. Additionally, the experiment also reveals that the BSFC becomes lower as the engine speed and load increase.

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Dancila, B. D., R. Botez e D. Labour. "Fuel burn prediction algorithm for cruise, constant speed and level flight segments". Aeronautical Journal 117, n. 1191 (maggio 2013): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000008149.

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Abstract This paper presents a new algorithm that predicts the quantity of fuel burned by an aircraft flying at a constant speed and altitude. It considers the continuous fuel burn rate variation with time caused by the gross weight (and centre of gravity position) modification due to the fuel burn process itself. The algorithm was developed for use by the Flight Management System (FMS) and employs the same aircraft performance data as the existing FMS fuel burn prediction algorithms. The new fuel burn method was developed for aircraft models that use the centre of gravity position as well as for models that do not consider the centre of gravity position. This algorithm was developed for normal flight conditions. Algorithm performances were evaluated for two aircraft models: one for models that use an aircraft’s centre of gravity position – a more complex and computing intensive method, and one for those that do not use the centre of gravity position. The validation data were generated based on the information produced on a CMC Electronics – Esterline FMS platform that used identical aircraft models and performance data for identical flight conditions.

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Zhang, Xing Quan, Liu San Chen, Huan Li, Jian Ping Sh, Li Sheng Zuo, Ru Zheng e Wei Chen. "Study on Grinding Burn in High Efficiency Deep Grinding". Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (agosto 2013): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.318.

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The high efficiency deep grinding is widely used in manufacturing. The experiments were carried out to study on the high speed deep grinding force and grinding burn and cracks in grinding 40Cr steel specimen with Al2O3 wheel. The experimental studies demonstrate that the grinding force increases with the grinding layer depth. The trail of grinding on space surface is blurred progressively, the surface topography deteriorates gradually. When the depth of grinding increases to the certain value, grinding burn appears, and micro-cracks emerge. Selecting the optimization parameter in high speed deep grinding can avoid the grinding burn and grinding cracks.

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Chua, Alvin Wen Choong, Yik Cheong Khoo, Bien Keem Tan, Kok Chai Tan, Chee Liam Foo e Si Jack Chong. "Skin tissue engineering advances in severe burns: review and therapeutic applications". Burns & Trauma 4 (19 febbraio 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41038-016-0027-y.

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Abstract Current advances in basic stem cell research and tissue engineering augur well for the development of improved cultured skin tissue substitutes: a class of products that is still fraught with limitations for clinical use. Although the ability to grow autologous keratinocytes in-vitro from a small skin biopsy into sheets of stratified epithelium (within 3 to 4 weeks) helped alleviate the problem of insufficient donor site for extensive burn, many burn units still have to grapple with insufficient skin allografts which are used as intermediate wound coverage after burn excision. Alternatives offered by tissue-engineered skin dermal replacements to meet emergency demand have been used fairly successfully. Despite the availability of these commercial products, they all suffer from the same problems of extremely high cost, sub-normal skin microstructure and inconsistent engraftment, especially in full thickness burns. Clinical practice for severe burn treatment has since evolved to incorporate these tissue-engineered skin substitutes, usually as an adjunct to speed up epithelization for wound closure and/or to improve quality of life by improving the functional and cosmetic results long-term. This review seeks to bring the reader through the beginnings of skin tissue engineering, the utilization of some of the key products developed for the treatment of severe burns and the hope of harnessing stem cells to improve on current practice.

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Li, Kevin, Kajal Mehta, Ada Wright, Joohee Lee, Manish Yadav, Tam N. Pham, Shankar M. Rai, Kiran Nakarmi e Barclay Stewart. "Identifying Hospitals in Nepal for Acute Burn Care and Stabilization Capacity Development: Location-Allocation Modeling for Strategic Service Delivery". Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, n. 4 (23 aprile 2021): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab064.

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Abstract In Nepal, preventable death and disability from burn injuries are common due to poor population-level spatial access to organized burn care. Most severe burns are referred to a single facility nationwide, often after suboptimal burn stabilization and/or significant care delay. Therefore, we aimed to identify existing first-level hospitals within Nepal that would optimize population-level access as “burn stabilization points” if their acute burn care capabilities are strengthened. A location-allocation model was created using designated first-level candidate hospitals, a population density grid for Nepal, and road network/travel speed data. Six models (A–F) were developed using cost-distance and network analyses in ArcGIS to identify the three vs five candidate hospitals at ≤2, 6, and 12 travel-hour thresholds that would optimize population-level spatial access. The baseline model demonstrated that currently 20.3% of the national population has access to organized burn care within 2 hours of travel, 37.2% within 6 travel-hours, and 72.6% within 12 travel-hours. If acute burn stabilization capabilities were strengthened, models A to C of three chosen hospitals would increase population-level burn care access to 45.2, 89.4, and 99.8% of the national population at ≤2, 6, and 12 travel-hours, respectively. In models D to F, five chosen hospitals would bring access to 53.4, 95.0, and 99.9% of the national population at ≤2, 6, and 12 travel-hours, respectively. These models demonstrate developing capabilities in three to five hospitals can provide population-level spatial access to acute burn care for most of Nepal’s population. Organized efforts to increase burn stabilization points are feasible and imperative to reduce the rates of preventable burn-related death and disability country-wide.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Burn speed"

Lovegren, Jonathan A. (Jonathan Anders). "Estimation of potential aircraft fuel burn reduction in cruise via speed and altitude optimization strategies". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97360.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 96).
Environmental performance has become a dominant theme in all transportation sectors. As scientific evidence for global climate change mounts, social and political pressure to reduce fuel burn and C0 2 emissions has increased accordingly, especially in the rapidly growing aviation industry. Operational improvements offer the ability to increase the performance of any aircraft immediately, by simply changing how the aircraft is flown. Cruise phase represents the largest portion of flight, and correspondingly the largest opportunity for fuel burn reduction. This research focuses on the potential efficiency benefits that can be achieved by improving the cruise speed and altitude profiles operated by flights today. Speed and altitude are closely linked with aircraft performance, so optimizing these profiles offers significant fuel burn savings. Unlike lateral route optimization, which simply attempts to minimize the distance flown, speed and altitude changes promise to increase the efficiency of aircraft throughout the entire flight. Flight data was collected for 257 flights during one day of domestic US operations. A process was developed to calculate the cruise fuel burn of each selected flight, based on aircraft performance data obtained from Piano-X and atmospheric data from. NOAA. Improved speed and altitude profiles were then generated for each flight, representing various levels of optimization. Optimal cruise climbs and step climbs of 1,000 and 2,000 ft were analyzed, along with optimal and LRC speed profiles. Results showed that a maximum fuel burn reduction of 3.5% is possible in cruise given complete altitude and speed optimization; this represents 2.6% fuel reduction system-wide, corresponding to 300 billion gallons of jet fuel and 3.2 million tons of CO₂ saved annually. Flights showed a larger potential to improve speed performance, with nearly 2.4% savings possible from speed optimization compared to 1.5% for altitude optimization. Few barriers exist to some of the strategies such as step climbs and lower speeds, making them attractive in the near term. As barriers are minimized, speed and altitude trajectory enhancements promise to improve the environmental performance of the aviation industry with relative ease.
by Jonathan A. Lovegren.
S.M.

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Aquino, Phillip A. "PREDICTION OF PREMIXED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE MASS FRACTON BURNED PROFILES USING A PHYSICAL FORM OF THE WIEBE FUNCTION AND THE THEORY OF TURBULENT FLAME BRUSH THICKNESS DYNAMICS". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1606987013001077.

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Pham, Jacqueline Nha Thanh. "Neurosity| The Speed a Dandelion Burns". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523264.

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Neurosity: The Speed a Dandelion Burns, is a single, book-length poem that meditates on the existential awareness of negating absence through neurotic repetition of defining and redefining. My personal aesthetics encompass influences by Gertrude Stein, Charles Simic, Judith Butler, and Frank O'Hara. By negating absence I destabilize the fixed nature of focal points on present subjects and unveil language's performativity. Neurotic repetition and linguistic velocity are mantra-like statements that connect two distinct realities. "Neurosity" is a word I created to synthesize the words "neurosis" and "velocity." My poetic imagination is not interested in what is present in gender, racial, ethnic, sexual, class identities nor psychological states, but what is absent, or more importantly, how presence might be defined by synesthetic renderings of absence. The rapid immolation of a dandelion, a flowerlike weed, represents the delicate linguistic velocity and disambiguation that each .piece of this collection encapsulates.

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Caers, Brecht. "Conditions for Passenger Aircraft Minimum Fuel Consumption, Direct Operating Costs and Environmental Impact". Master's thesis, Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO), Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1204494622.

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Purpose - Find optimal flight and design parameters for three objectives: minimum fuel consumption, Direct Operating Costs (DOC), and environmental impact of a passenger jet aircraft. --- Approach - Combining multiple models (this includes aerodynamics, specific fuel consumption, DOC, and equivalent CO2 mass) into one generic model. In this combined model, each objective's importance is determined by a weighting factor. Additionally, the possibility of further optimizing this model by altering an aircraft's wing loading is analyzed. --- Research limitations - Most models use estimating equations based on first principles and statistical data. --- Practical implications - The optimal cruise altitude and speed for a specific objective can be approximated for any passenger jet aircraft. --- Social implications - By using a simple approach, the discussion of optimizing aircraft opens up to a level where everyone can participate. --- Value - To find a general answer on how to optimize aviation, operational and design-wise, by using a simple approach.

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Pilný, Lukáš. "Vysokorychlostní vrtání plechů z hliníkových slitin". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229848.

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Optimalizace procesu vrtání kovových materiálů vyžaduje minimální tvorbu otřepů a jednotný vzhled vrtaných děr. Cílem práce bylo pochopit roli různých klíčových faktorů, jako řezných podmínek, způsobu upnutí obrobku a geometrie vrtáku, na tvorbu otřepů při vrtání 2 mm plechů tvářené hliníkové slitiny Al99.7Mg0.5Cu-H24, za použití vrtáků o průměru 1,6 a 2 mm, pro dosažení minimalizace tvorby otřepů a zajištění jednotnosti získaných povrchů pro velký počet vrtaných děr v obrobku. Tohoto cíle bylo dosaženo provedením 3 experimentálních testů. První experimentální test byl proveden za účelem sledování vlivu řezné rychlosti a posuvu za otáčku, jakožto rozpoznaných řezných parametrů nejvýznamněji ovlivňujících tvorbu otřepů, na výsledné velikosti vzniklých otřepů a jednotnosti vrtaných děr. V druhém experimentu byl zkonstruován vakuový upínací přípravek, za účelem upnutí vrtaného hliníkového plechu a omezení prostoru pro tvorbu otřepů na výstupní straně vrtání na obrobku, a jeho vlivu na tvorbu otřepů bylo vyhodnoceno. V třetím testu byl vyhodnocen efekt rozdílných geometrií vrtáků na tvorbu otřepů, spolu s dosaženou jednotností vrtaných děr. Výsledky z prvního experimentu prokázaly, že výška a tloušťka otřepů je redukována na obou stranách vrtaného plechu za použití vyšších řezných rychlostí. Při použití vyšších posuvů byla viděna zvětšující se výška a tloušťka otřepů na obou stranách vrtání, s výjimkou výšky otřepů na vstupní straně vrtáku do obrobku, která byla minimálně snížena. Druhý experiment prokázal, že vhodně konstruovaný vakuový upínací přípravek může významně omezit vznik otřepů na výstupní straně vrtáku z obrobku. V třetím experimentu, za použití 3 břitého vrtáku a vhodně konstruovaného vakuového upínací ho přípravku, bylo dosaženo eliminace tvorby otřepů z obou stran vrtaného plechu, společně s naplněním požadavků na jednotný vzhled vrtaných děr a vysoké výrobní produktivity. Takovýto optimalizovaný proces, bez nutnosti použití přídavné operace na odstranění vzniklých otřepů, poskytuje významnou redukci výrobních nákladů. Mimoto jsou poskytnuta doporučení pro další výzkum k dosažení zlepšení ve výrobě.

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Regnier, Tristan. "Analyses expérimentales et modélisation de la formation de bavures dans l’alliage AlSi7Mg0,3+0,5Cu – Application en coupe orthogonale et en fraisage". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0055/document.

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Dans un contexte d’optimisation des lignes de production, la maîtrise de la qualité des pièces et des capacités machines est primordiale. Plusieurs études se sont intéressées à la formation des bavures en usinage mais les mécanismes sont encore peu connus, bien qu’un lien fort avec les efforts de coupe soit établi par divers auteurs. Ainsi, la maîtrise des efforts de coupe a un intérêt double : optimiser les lignes de production et servir de donnée d’entrée pour la prédiction de la taille des bavures. Cette étude propose donc de renforcer les connaissances concernant les mécanismes de formation des bavures générées par un outil en sortie matière, et de prédire les efforts de coupe en fraisage grande vitesse, dans l’alliage d’aluminium AlSi7Mg0,3+0,5Cu. Divers mécanismes de formation de bavures sont étudiés en coupe élémentaire. Une nouvelle méthode de mesure in situ permet d’identifier l’influence des conditions opératoires sur l’évolution statistique de critères géométriques caractérisant les bavures générées de façon hétérogène dans le cas de l’alliage étudié, dont le comportement est fortement dépendant de son état de contrainte local ainsi que de sa microstructure. Une analyse des champs de déplacement et déformation par corrélation d’images couplée ainsi qu’un modèle de simulation par éléments finis permettent d’identifier plus finement les mécanismes de formation des bavures. Le surfaçage est étudié pour modéliser les efforts de coupe puis comparer les efforts produits lors de la sortie des dents avec les caractéristiques des bavures obtenues. Enfin, une stratégie de minimisation de la hauteur des bavures en surfaçage à la fraise grande avance est étudiée
In a context of production lines optimization, parts quality and machine capabilities control is essential. Several studies have been carried out on machining burr formation but the mechanisms are not fully understood, although a strong link between burrs formation and cutting forces is established by several authors. Hence, controlling the cutting forces has two advantages: optimize the production lines and be used as input data for a burr height model. This study proposes to consolidate the knowledge on burr formation mechanisms during the exit of a tooth, and to predict cutting forces during high speed milling of the AlSi7Mg0.7+0.5Cu alloy. Various burr formation mechanisms are studied in orthogonal cutting. A new in situ measurement method allows to identify the statistical influence of some operational conditions on the evolution of some newly introduced geometrical parameters defining the burrs heterogeneously formed in the case of the studied alloy, whose behavior strongly depends on its local stress state as well as its microstructure. A displacement and strain field analysis using Digital Image Correlation, as well as a finite element model provide a better understanding of the burr formation mechanisms. Face milling is studied to model cutting forces and compare the forces produced during the exit of a tooth to the obtained burr morphologies. Finally, a burr height reduction strategy is proposed using a high feed mill

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Ricco, Isabel Maria Moreira. "Alternative oxidants and processing procedures for pyrotechnic time delays". Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27915.

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This study was directed at the pyrotechnic time delay compositions that are used in detonator assemblies. The objectives were to: --Investigate effective alternatives for the barium and lead-based oxidants currently used, maintaining the use of silicon as fuel --Develop easy to use, realistic measurement techniques for burn rates and shock tube ignitability --Determine the variables that affect burn rate, and --Evaluate alternative processing routes to facilitate intimate mixing of the component powders. Lead chromate and copper antimonite were found to be suitable oxidants for silicon in time delay compositions. They were ignitable by shock tubing, a relatively weak ignition source. The measured burn speeds for these systems showed a bimodal dependence on stoichiometry. Measured burn rates varied between 6-28 mm/s. Lead chromate is potentially a suitable alternative to the oxidant currently used in the medium burn rate commercial composition. It burns faster than copper antimonite. The latter is potentially a suitable replacement oxidant for the slow and medium compositions. Antimony trioxide-based compositions exhibited unreliable performance with respect to ignition with shock tubing. The addition of aluminium powder or fumed silica was found to reduce the burn rate. Increasing the silicon particle size (<3,5mm) also decreased the burn speed for copper antimonite and lead chromate compositions. Addition of fumed silica improved the flow properties of the lead chromate, copper antimonite and antimony trioxide powders allowing for easier mixing. The silicon powder was found to react violently with water in alkaline solutions. This makes particle dispersion in a wet-mixing process problematic.
Dissertation (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Chemical Engineering
unrestricted

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Poma), Riana Laitu Poma (Laitu Puapua, e 睦韻蘭. "Surface Analysis of Different Tooth Prepared Using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser,Er:YAG Laser and High Speed Diamond Burs". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87562314192269647315.

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碩士
臺北醫學大學
牙醫學系碩博士班
98
Objective: The surface roughness and wettability of teeth prepared with new erbium dental lasers is not clear. The purpose of this study is to characterize the surface roughness and its influence on wettability of the etched and non etched teeth prepared for complete crowns with high speed diamond burs, Er,Cr:YSGG (Erbium,Chromium:Yttrium,Scandium,Gallium,Garnet) and Er:YAG(Erbium:Yttrium,Aluminium,Garnet) lasers. Background Data: Erbium dental lasers, on the process of thermomechanical interaction with biological tissues, ablate dental hard tissues resulting in rough surfaces with almost complete removal of smear layer. Adequate surface roughness could improve surface wettability thus enhancing crown seating. Methods: Part 1: 24 extracted non carious molars were divided into three groups, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, Er:YAG laser and High speed diamond rotary. 4 from each group were prepared into dentin and the other 4 into enamel. 2 samples from each preparation of enamel and dentin were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. All samples were viewed under SEM. Part 2: 60 extracted non carious molars were sectioned in halves. 120 halves were equally divided into the three groups. 20 halves from each group were prepared into dentin, the other 20 into enamel. 10 samples from enamel and dentin samples were etched. Surface roughness for all samples was measured by the profilometer. Part 3: The contact angles for the same samples in Part 2 were measured. Results: Teeth prepared using high speed diamond burs revealed the smoothest surfaces with the smallest contact angle measured for the etched and non-etched samples compared to lasers prepared samples. Conclusion: Laser prepared teeth are rougher and showed more open tubules than those prepared with high speed diamonds. However it does not increase the wettability of the surface. Further research for bonding test is recommended.

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HSING, CHOU TUNG, e 鄒東興. "Utilize equation preface of speed of chemical reaction It is analysed that the three-dimensional oxyhydrogen burns and flows the field". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95577794957173725343.

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碩士
中華大學
機械與航太工程研究所
92
Abstract In this study, a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes Solver is coupled with finite rate chemistry models. The Navier-Stokes solution algorithm is based on finite volume method using central difference operators. Artificial viscosity is added to avoid numerical instability. Four-stage Runge-Kutta method is used to march the solution to steady state. The chemical species solution algorithm is also based on finite volume method in which the chemical kinetics and the fluid dynamics are solved in separate steps. The source terms of turbulence model and chemical kinetic models are solved implicitly. The present numerical solutions are validated using the available nonreacting experimental data. The shock structure and H2 mass fraction contours show a good agreement between the measured data and the calculate results. Next, two different finite rate models were used to similate a reacting situation. The eight-reaction model predicts a much complete reaction of Hydrogen and Air behind the shock. The global two-reacting model produces a much slower combustion behind the shock. It seems that the most critical need in the chemical kinetics / fluid dynamic coupling is the correct detailed chemistry models. A further study of the Mach number on the hydrogen jet shows the higher Mach number gives a stronger reflection shock from the upper wall. This can enhance the downstream mixing and higher chemical reacting by the reflected shock.

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Libri sul tema "Burn speed"

Burt Munro: Indian legend of speed. Christchurch [N.Z.]: Begg & Allen, 2002.

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The world's fastest Indian: Burt Munro : a scrapbook of his life. Auckland, N.Z: Random House New Zealand, 2009.

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Donaldson, Roger. The world's fastest Indian: Burt Munro : a scrapbook of his life. Auckland, N.Z: Random House New Zealand, 2009.

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3DO Games Secrets: Book Two. Maui, HI: Sandwich Islands Publishing, 1996.

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Burt Munro Indian Legend of Speed. George Begg, 2002.

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Legend of Speed: The Burt Munro Story. Penguin Global, 2008.

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Hill, David, e Phoebe Morris. Speed King: Burt Munro, the World's Fastest Indian. Penguin Group New Zealand, Limited, 2016.

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One Good Run: The Legend of Burt Munro. Penguin Global, 2006.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Burn speed"

Yun, K. H., S. G. Kim e Sung Chul Lim. "Comparison of New Bone Formation and Osteotomy Speed in the Rabbit Mandible Using Piezoelectric Surgery and Conventional Burs". In Bioceramics 20, 1257–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-457-x.1257.

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Tufail Chaudhary, Kashif. "Thin Film Deposition: Solution Based Approach". In Thin Films [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94455.

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The wet chemical processing opens the way to deposit thin film with the versatility and ease for a variety of materials. Liquid film deposition involves the application of a liquid precursor on a substrate which is then converted to the required coating material in a subsequent post-treatment step. Different non-vacuum solution based deposition techniques have been developed to grow thin films with high efficiency and functionality. Spin coating is one of an effective technique for thin film fabrication due to low cost, uniformity, less hazardous, and capability of easy scaling up. The typical process involves depositing a small amount of a fluid onto the center of a substrate and then spinning the substrate at high speed. Dip coating is another simple, cost effective route with feasibility to scale-up for commercial production. The dip coating process can be divided into three important technical stages, immersion, withdrawal and evaporation. The coating may be subjected to further heat treatment in order to burn out residual compounds and induce crystallization of the functional oxides. Spray coating is a promising technique to grow thin film in research and industry to prepare thin and thick films. It is an easy approach to fabricate thin film with uniform distribution at small scale from a few nanometers to micrometers in thickness. Inkjet printing is the emerging promising technique to develop large-scale, and flexible thin films. The inkjet printing process allow easy customization to grow variety of complex structures.

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Moyer, Paul B. "Conclusion". In Detestable and Wicked Arts, 199–206. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751059.003.0009.

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This chapter looks at factors that shaped alleged cases of occult crime in New England, the broader English Atlantic, and Europe during the early modern era. It talks about a widow residing in Lynn, Massachusetts, by the name of Ann Burt, who came under suspicion for witchcraft in 1669 and was believed to have been acquitted as she died of natural causes in 1673. It also details the malefic affliction of five victims as the main charge laid against Widow Burt, including other witnesses that claimed she could read minds and move with preternatural speed. The chapter describes the forces operating on a local, regional, and transatlantic level that shaped the episode of Widow Burt coming under suspicion for witchcraft in 1669. It discusses how the case of Ann Burt was linked to a larger campaign of witch-hunting that stretched across the seventeenth-century English Atlantic.

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Fox, Michael H. "Nuclear Waste". In Why We Need Nuclear Power. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199344574.003.0016.

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I gazed over the railing into the crystal clear cooling pool glowing with blue Cherenkov light caused by particulate radiation traveling faster than the speed of light in water. I can see a matrix of square objects through the water, filling more than half of the pool. It looks like you could take a quick dip into the water, like an indoor swimming pool, but that would not be a good idea! It is amazing to think that this pool, about the size of a ranch house, is holding all of the spent fuel from powering the Wolf Creek nuclear reactor in Burlington, Kansas, for 27 years. The reactor was just refueled about a month before my visit, so 80 of the used fuel rod assemblies were removed from the reactor and replaced with new ones. The used fuel rods were moved underwater into the cooling pool, joining the approximately 1,500 already there. There is sufficient space for the next 15 years of reactor operation. There is no danger from standing at the edge of this pool looking in, though the levels of radon tend to be somewhat elevated and may electrostatically attach to my hard hat, as indeed some did. What I am gazing at is what has stirred much of the controversy over nuclear power and is what must ultimately be dealt with if nuclear power is to grow in the future—the spent nuclear fuel waste associated with nuclear power. What is the hidden danger that I am staring at? Am I looking at the unleashed power of Hephaestus, the mythical Greek god of fi re and metallurgy? Or is this a more benign product of energy production that can be managed safely? What exactly is in this waste? And is it really waste, or is it a resource? To answer that question, we have to understand the fuel that reactors burn. The fuel rods that provide the heat from nuclear fission in a nuclear reactor contain fuel pellets of uranium, an element that has an atomic number of 92 (the number of protons and also the number of electrons).

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McMichael, Anthony. "Introduction". In Climate Change and the Health of Nations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190262952.003.0006.

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Trends In Global Greenhouse emissions during the first two decades of this twenty- first century are leading us to a much hotter world by 2100, perhaps 3°C– 4°C above the late- twentieth- century average temperature and hotter than at any time in the last 20– 30 million years. Further, the rate of heating would be about 30 times faster than when Earth emerged from the most recent ice age, between 17,000 and 12,000 years ago. At that speed, environmental changes may outstrip the capacity of many species to evolve and adapt. Having once relied on fires in caves, humans in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries increasingly began to burn fossil fuels to release vastly more energy— and, inadvertently, vastly more carbon dioxide. About 600 billion metric tons of that invisible, stable, and odorless gas have been emitted since 1750, about two- thirds of which will persist in the atmosphere for centuries. The resulting 40 percent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is the main cause of human- driven climate change. We have wrapped another heat- retaining blanket around the planet, causing warming of Earth’s surface at a rate that far outpaces nature’s rhythms. Humans have lived in climatically congenial times for the past 11,000 years of the Holocene geological epoch compared with the rigors of the preceding ice age. Figure 1.1 shows the world’s estimated average surface temperature over that era, and the right- hand side of the graph shows the likely global warming by 2100 averaged across many published modeled projections. The difference between the peak temperature of 7,000 years ago and the nadir of the Little Ice Age 350 years ago is 0.7°C. By early in this twenty- first century, the global average temperature had edged higher than for the past 11,000 years— by 0.6°C in six decades. If the world’s temperature were to rise by 3°C– 4°C within just three generations, our descendants might struggle to remain healthy, raise families, and survive within stable societies. I am certainly not the first to say this … A 4°C temperature increase probably means a global carrying capacity below 1 billion people.

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Comstock, Anna Botsford. "Undergraduate Days at Cornell, 1870–1874". In The Comstocks of Cornell-The Definitive Autobiography, a cura di Karen Penders St Clair, 39–58. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501716270.003.0003.

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This chapter details John Henry Comstock's early years at Cornell University with his budding entomological interests. Henry, mindful of the speed with which cash on hand evaporates in college, sought work and found it in the construction of McGraw Hall. He applied for work to Elijah Cornell, who was a brother of Ezra Cornell and also the builder in charge of the erection of McGraw Hall. Thus Henry worked and studied and with his room-mate boarded himself. At Christmas, he went home to Hurricane Hall. On his return to the University in January of 1871, something happened which was to profoundly influence Henry's future life: Dr. Burt G. Wilder had chosen him as his assistant. Professor Wilder had charge of Zoology and Physiology in Cornell and was a brilliant teacher. Henry then developed an interest in entomology, the study of insects.

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Gupta, Pawan. "Ophthalmology". In Oxford Assess and Progress: Emergency Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199599530.003.0020.

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Approximately 2% of ED attendances comprise patients with eye complaints. Most of the time this group of patients is seen by a junior doctor with very little training in thorough and relevant history taking and examination. The majority of such eye problems can be treated in the ED without requiring any intervention from an ophthalmologist. But a few may require immediate action and subsequent referral to the on-call ophthalmologist. Most of the emergencies require a standard approach to history taking followed by an examination, although some (acid or alkali burns) may need immediate treatment, which is given while the assessment is being done. In ophthalmology, the history will help indicate the part of the eyes to focus on during the physical examination. The following points should be covered in the history: • Associated trauma • Pain versus irritation • Photophobia • Discharge—colour, quantity and consistency • Loss of vision • Pattern and speed of onset of symptoms • Any past eye problems in the same or the other eye. During the physical examination always measure VA separately for each eye by using Snellen’s chart and document your findings. If the patient wears glasses, these should be kept on during the test. The examination should also include a good look at the eyelids (both from outside and inside), conjunctivae, cornea, pupils and their size and reaction, visual fields, eye movements, and ophthalmoscopy. Do not forget to evert the upper eyelid with the help of a cotton bud as tiny foreign bodies often hide underneath it and their removal will immediate relieve the symptoms—the patient will be very grateful! Patients with potentially serious pathology requiring immediate ophthalmology referral include those with: • Sudden loss of vision • New reduction in VA • Acute red and painful eye (suspect acute glaucoma) • Penetrating eye injuries • Chemical burns to the eye • Suspected iritis, herpes zoster infection, and orbital cellulitis (referral on the same day). The questions in this chapter cover the common eye emergencies and a few uncommon but serious pathologies.

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Pool, Robert. "Choices". In Beyond Engineering. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195107722.003.0010.

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During the 1940s and early 1950s, when atomic energy was new, it was common to hear reactors described as nuclear “furnaces.” They “burned” their nuclear fuel and left behind nuclear “ash.” Technically, of course, none of these terms made sense, since burning is a chemical process and a reactor gets its energy from fission, but journalists liked the terminology because it was easy and quick. One loaded fuel into the reactor, flipped a switch, and things got very hot. If that wasn’t exactly a furnace, it was close enough. And actually, the metaphor was pretty good—up to a point. The basement furnace burns one of several different fuels: natural gas or fuel oil or even, in some ancient models, coal. Nuclear reactors can be built to use plutonium, natural uranium, or uranium that has been enriched to varying degrees. Home furnaces have a “coolant”—the air that is circulated through the furnace and out through the rest of the house, carrying heat away from the fire. Reactors have a coolant, too—the liquid or gas that carries heat away from the reactor core to another part of the plant, where heat energy is transformed into electrical energy. There, however, the metaphor sputters out. In a nuclear reactor, the coolant not only transfers heat to a steam generator or a turbine, but it also keeps the fuel from overheating. The coolant in a furnace does nothing of the sort. And most reactors use a moderator to speed up the fission reaction. The basement burner has nothing similar. But the most importance weakness of the furnace metaphor is that it obscured just how many varieties of reactors were possible—and, consequently, obscured the difficult choice facing the early nuclear industry: Which reactor type should become the basis for commercial nuclear power? The possibilities were practically unlimited. The fuel selection was wide. The coolant could be nearly anything that has good heat-transfer properties: air, carbon dioxide, helium, water, liquid metals, organic liquids, and so on.

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Lane, Belden C. "Disillusionment: Laramie Peak and Thérèse of Lisieux". In Backpacking with the Saints. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199927814.003.0012.

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Making mistakes in the spiritual life is an essential part of growth—as important as forest fires, blow-downs, and insects are to the life of a thriving forest. You grow only in being burnt, bent, and bitten. You have to stumble before you can walk. My error this time wasn’t intentional. I saw no signs at the trailhead and didn’t think to ask. I simply hauled my backpack up Laramie Peak in the Medicine Bow Wilderness of eastern Wyoming, planning to spend the night somewhere near the top. Only later did I learn that camping isn’t allowed anywhere on the mountain. Sometimes ignorance is bliss. More often it’s simply dangerous. Yet I had the mountain to myself that night, or I should say that it had me. I was new to backpacking at the time. But I don’t remember ever being so overwhelmed by deep silence and a haunting sense of presence as I was that night at 10,000 feet near the mountain’s peak. Fallen limbs, rock outcroppings, and thick ground cover made it impossible to venture very far off the trail. It was hard even to find a semi-flat piece of ground to sleep on in the dense, moss covered undergrowth. Everything resisted my being there. Still more disturbing was the feeling that I was being watched—studied from beyond the shadows by something I couldn’t see. I’ve seldom felt so ill at ease in wilderness. Something was out there, frightening in its apparent indifference to my well-being. Laramie Peak stands alone on the easternmost edge of the Rocky Mountains. At 10,272 feet, it is smaller than the Colorado fourteeners to the southwest. But it offers an imposing silhouette, jutting up from the northern plains like Mt. Fuji rising above the mountains west of Tokyo. One can see it for miles along Highway I-25 in eastern Wyoming. Nineteenth-century settlers on the Oregon Trail caught sight of it from Scotts Bluff in the Nebraska Territory, 120 miles to the east. It was their first warning of the foreboding mountains that lay ahead.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Burn speed"

Lee, Sang-Joon, Sungoh Ra, Youngsik Song e Jongtai Lee. "Visualization of combustion process for establishing the ignition system for lean burn". In High-Speed Photography and Photonics: 21st International Congress, a cura di Ung Kim, Joon-Sung Chang e Seung-Han Park. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.209634.

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Kerns, James, e Gopichandra Surnilla. "Fuel Assisted Idle Speed Control for Lean Burn Gasoline Engines". In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-32-0009.

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Sivasubramanian, A., e P. H. Meckl. "Numerical solution for multivariable idle speed control of a lean burn natural gas engine". In Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.2004.1383593.

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Pundle, Anamol, David G. Nicol, Philip C. Malte e Joel D. Hiltner. "Modeling the Formation of Pollutant Emissions in Large-Bore, Lean-Burn Gas Engines". In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3577.

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This paper discusses chemical kinetic modeling used to analyze the formation of pollutant emissions in large-bore, lean-burn gas reciprocating engines. Pollutants considered are NOx, CO, HCHO, and UHC. A quasi-dimensional model, built as a chemical reactor network (CRN), is described. In this model, the flame front is treated as a perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) followed by a plug flow reactor (PFR), and reaction in the burnt gas is modeled assuming a batch reactor of constant-pressure and fixed-mass for each crank angle increment. The model treats full chemical kinetics. Engine heat loss is treated by incorporating the Woschni model into the CRN. The mass burn rate is selected so that the modeled cylinder pressure matches the experiment pressure trace. Originally, the model was developed for large, low speed, two-stoke, lean-burn engines. However, recently, the model has been formatted for the four-stroke, open-chamber, lean-burn engine. The focus of this paper is the application of the model to a four-stroke engine. This is a single-cylinder non-production variant of a heavy duty lean-burn engine of about 5 liters cylinder displacement Engine speed is 1500 RPM. Key findings of this work are the following. 1) Modeled NOx and CO are found to agree closely with emission measurements for this engine over a range of relative air-fuel ratios tested. 2) This modeling shows the importance of including N2O chemistry in the NOx calculation. For λ = 1.7, the model indicates that about 30% of the NOx emitted is formed by the N2O mechanism, with the balance from the Zeldovich mechanism. 3) The modeling shows that the CO and HCHO emissions arise from partial oxidation late in the expansion stroke as unburned charge remaining mixes into the burnt gas. 4) Model generated plots of HCHO versus CH4 emission for the four-stroke engine are in agreement with field data for large-bore, lean-burn, gas reciprocating engines. Also, recent engine tests show the correlation of UHC and CO emissions to crevice volume. These tests suggest that HCHO emissions also are affected by crevice flows through partial oxidation of UHC late in the expansion stroke.

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Yoshimura, Kenji, Yoshiro Tokunaga, Dai Hashimoto e Hideaki Sakurai. "Knock and Misfire Detection using Ion Current Measurement for Ultra Lean Burn Medium Speed Gas Engine". In JSAE/SAE International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-2078.

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Clark, Nigel, W. Scott Wayne, ABM S. Khan, Donald W. Lyons, Mridul Gautam, David L. McKain, Gregory J. Thompson e Ryan Barnett. "Effects of Average Driving Cycle Speed on Lean-Burn Natural Gas Bus Emissions and Fuel Economy". In 2007 Fuels and Emissions Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0054.

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Park, B. Hyle, Chris Saxer, Shyam M. Srinivas, J. Stuart Nelson e Johannes F. de Boer. "Burn Depth Determination by High-Speed Fiber-Based Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography at 1.3 micrometers". In Biomedical Topical Meeting. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bio.2002.mb2.

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Todorović, Miloš, Jun Ai, David Pereda Cubian, George Stoica e Lihong Wang. "Burn depth determination using high-speed polarization-sensitive Mueller optical coherence tomography with continuous polarization modulation". In Biomedical Optics 2006, a cura di Valery V. Tuchin, Joseph A. Izatt e James G. Fujimoto. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.649024.

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Park, Boris H., Johannes F. de Boer, Christopher E. Saxer, Shyam M. Srinivas, Huai-En L. Huang, Binh Q. Ngo, Zhongping Chen e J. Stuart Nelson. "Burn depth determination by high-speed fiber-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography at 1.3 μm". In BiOS 2000 The International Symposium on Biomedical Optics, a cura di Valery V. Tuchin, Joseph A. Izatt e James G. Fujimoto. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.384163.

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Yang, Shiyou, Hemanth Kolla e Nedunchezhian Swaminathan. "Application of a New Turbulent Flame Speed Combustion Model on Burn Rate Simulation of Spark Ignition Engines". In SAE 2016 World Congress and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0588.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Burn speed"

Effect of Spark Discharge Duration and Timing on the Combustion Initiation in a Lean Burn SI Engine. SAE International, aprile 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0478.

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Meeting the increasingly stringent emission and fuel efficiency standards is the primary objective of the automotive research. Lean/diluted combustion is a promising avenue to realize high-efficiency combustion and reduce emissions in SI engines. Under the diluted conditions, the flame propagation speed is reduced because of the reduced charge reactivity. Enhancing the in-cylinder charge motion and turbulence, and thereby increasing the flame speed, is a possible way to harness the combustion process in SI engines. However, the charge motion can have a significant effect on the spark ignition process because of the reduced discharge duration and frequent restrikes. A longer discharge duration can aid in the formation of the self-sustained flame kernel and subsequent stable ignition. Therefore, an empirical study is undertaken to investigate the effect of the discharge duration and ignition timing on the ignition and early combustion in a port fueled SI engine, operated under lean conditions. The discharge duration is modulated from 1 ms to 8 ms through a continuous discharge strategy. The discharge current and voltage measurements are recorded during the engine operation to characterize the discharge process. The in-cylinder charge is diluted using fresh air to achieve lean combustion. The in-cylinder pressure measurement and heat release analysis are used to investigate the ignition and combustion characteristics of the engine. Preliminary results indicate that while the discharge duration has a marginal effect on the ignition delay, cyclic variations are notably impacted.

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