Articoli di riviste: "Burn speed"

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Knight, Kathryn. "High-speed dolphins burn double calories". Journal of Experimental Biology 220, n. 6 (15 marzo 2017): 953.1–953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.158683.

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Lao, Qi Cheng, e Zhi Yi Shang. "Experimental Study on Cooling-Air Grinding of High Speed Steel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 288 (febbraio 2013): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.288.308.

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In the grinding of high speed steel, the high temperature grinding zone often leads to poor surface quality such as grinding burn, micro-cracks and tensile residual stresses. In the paper, the cooling-air technology was adopted to study the grinding of high speed steel. The experimental results show that cooling-air grinding can effectively restrain the grinding burns, reduce the surface roughness value and improve the surface quality in comparison with dry grinding.

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Schmidt, Patricia, e Elizabeth A. Mann-Salinas. "Evolution of Burn Management in the U.S. Military: Impact on Nursing". Annual Review of Nursing Research 32, n. 1 (ottobre 2014): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.32.25.

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As the only burn center in the Department of Defense, the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research is the primary location for care of service members with burn injuries. The combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan during the past decade have caused an increase in burn patients. As a result of this increased need, advancements in care were developed. The speed and precision of transporting patients from the battlefield to the burn center has improved over previous conflicts. Technological advancements to support treating complications of burn wound healing were leveraged and are now integrated into daily practice. Clinical decision support systems were developed and deployed at the burn center as well as to combat support hospitals in combat zones. Technology advancements in rehabilitation have allowed more service members to return to active duty or live productive civilian lives. All of these advancements were developed in a patient-centered, interdisciplinary environment where the nurses are integrated throughout the research process and clinical practice with the end goal of healing combat burns in mind.

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Bonatesta, F., e P. J. Shayler. "Factors influencing the burn rate characteristics of a spark ignition engine with variable valve timing". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, n. 11 (1 novembre 2008): 2147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto873.

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The charge burn characteristics of a four-cylinder port-fuel-injected spark ignition engine fitted with a dual independent variable-valve-timing system have been investigated experimentally. The influence of valve timings on the flame development angle and the rapid burn angle is primarily associated with valve overlap values and internal gas recirculation. Conditions examined cover light to medium loads and engine speeds up to 3500r/min. As engine loads and speeds exceeded about 6bar net indicated mean effective pressure and 3000r/min respectively, combustion duration was virtually independent of the valve timing setting. At lower speeds and work output conditions, valve timing influenced burn angles through changes in dilution mass fraction, charge density, and charge temperature. Of these, changes in dilution mass fraction had the greatest influence. Increasing the dilution by increasing the valve overlap produced an increase in both burn angles. The effects of mean piston speed and spark timing have also been examined, and empirical expressions for the flame development and the rapid burn angles are presented.

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Subramaniam, Prabhakar Rontala, e Chitra Venugopal. "Comparison of Mamdani and Sugeno Inference Methods in Calorie Burn Calculation for Activity Using Treadmill". Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, n. 4 (1 aprile 2020): 1703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8428.

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This research provides a comparison between the performance of Mamdani and Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System in Calorie Burn calculation for treadmill workout exercise. The results are compared against the calculation calorie burn value using traditional formula. The objective of this results to get a system which provides calorie burn results closer to the traditionally calculated value. The Mamdani and Sugeno systems are designed with two input membership functions namely Incline and Speed and one output membership function called Calorie Burn as used in the traditional calculation method. The fuzzy rule table is designed using 7 Membership function for Incline and speed inputs and 9 Membership function for calorie burn output. The Mamdani and Sugeno system are tested with the same fuzzy rules for better comparison. The results are tabulated with theoretical values compared with Mamdani and Sugeno system for 5 incline levels and 7 speed levels. It can be observed that the Sugeno system results are closer to the traditional calculation results. This is shows that the sugeno system works better than Mamdani system for linear system. Also it depicts the calculated values and hence it can be used as a replacement for tedious mathematical analysis.

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Yuan, Xing Bo, Zhi Jun Li, Shao Shu Chen e Ying Zhang. "Study on Fuel Economy and Exhaust Emission of Lean-Burn PFI Engines". Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (ottobre 2011): 1749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1749.

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Lean-burn engines operate at a very lean air-to-fuel (A/F) ratio under light-load and part-load regions, in order to analyze the effect of engine speed and load on the BSFC (Break Specific Fuel Consumption) and exhaust emission of Lean-burn engine, an experimental research was conducted on a 4 cylinder lean-burn gasoline engine using different A/F ratios. The results show that the CO emission level decrease significantly, HC emission level becomes lower at the same A/F ratio, while the NOx emission increases, hence, advanced technologies are needed to carry out the NOx storage and purge operations in the lean-burn engines. Additionally, the experiment also reveals that the BSFC becomes lower as the engine speed and load increase.

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Dancila, B. D., R. Botez e D. Labour. "Fuel burn prediction algorithm for cruise, constant speed and level flight segments". Aeronautical Journal 117, n. 1191 (maggio 2013): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000008149.

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Abstract This paper presents a new algorithm that predicts the quantity of fuel burned by an aircraft flying at a constant speed and altitude. It considers the continuous fuel burn rate variation with time caused by the gross weight (and centre of gravity position) modification due to the fuel burn process itself. The algorithm was developed for use by the Flight Management System (FMS) and employs the same aircraft performance data as the existing FMS fuel burn prediction algorithms. The new fuel burn method was developed for aircraft models that use the centre of gravity position as well as for models that do not consider the centre of gravity position. This algorithm was developed for normal flight conditions. Algorithm performances were evaluated for two aircraft models: one for models that use an aircraft’s centre of gravity position – a more complex and computing intensive method, and one for those that do not use the centre of gravity position. The validation data were generated based on the information produced on a CMC Electronics – Esterline FMS platform that used identical aircraft models and performance data for identical flight conditions.

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Zhang, Xing Quan, Liu San Chen, Huan Li, Jian Ping Sh, Li Sheng Zuo, Ru Zheng e Wei Chen. "Study on Grinding Burn in High Efficiency Deep Grinding". Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (agosto 2013): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.318.

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The high efficiency deep grinding is widely used in manufacturing. The experiments were carried out to study on the high speed deep grinding force and grinding burn and cracks in grinding 40Cr steel specimen with Al2O3 wheel. The experimental studies demonstrate that the grinding force increases with the grinding layer depth. The trail of grinding on space surface is blurred progressively, the surface topography deteriorates gradually. When the depth of grinding increases to the certain value, grinding burn appears, and micro-cracks emerge. Selecting the optimization parameter in high speed deep grinding can avoid the grinding burn and grinding cracks.

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Chua, Alvin Wen Choong, Yik Cheong Khoo, Bien Keem Tan, Kok Chai Tan, Chee Liam Foo e Si Jack Chong. "Skin tissue engineering advances in severe burns: review and therapeutic applications". Burns & Trauma 4 (19 febbraio 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41038-016-0027-y.

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Abstract Current advances in basic stem cell research and tissue engineering augur well for the development of improved cultured skin tissue substitutes: a class of products that is still fraught with limitations for clinical use. Although the ability to grow autologous keratinocytes in-vitro from a small skin biopsy into sheets of stratified epithelium (within 3 to 4 weeks) helped alleviate the problem of insufficient donor site for extensive burn, many burn units still have to grapple with insufficient skin allografts which are used as intermediate wound coverage after burn excision. Alternatives offered by tissue-engineered skin dermal replacements to meet emergency demand have been used fairly successfully. Despite the availability of these commercial products, they all suffer from the same problems of extremely high cost, sub-normal skin microstructure and inconsistent engraftment, especially in full thickness burns. Clinical practice for severe burn treatment has since evolved to incorporate these tissue-engineered skin substitutes, usually as an adjunct to speed up epithelization for wound closure and/or to improve quality of life by improving the functional and cosmetic results long-term. This review seeks to bring the reader through the beginnings of skin tissue engineering, the utilization of some of the key products developed for the treatment of severe burns and the hope of harnessing stem cells to improve on current practice.

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Li, Kevin, Kajal Mehta, Ada Wright, Joohee Lee, Manish Yadav, Tam N. Pham, Shankar M. Rai, Kiran Nakarmi e Barclay Stewart. "Identifying Hospitals in Nepal for Acute Burn Care and Stabilization Capacity Development: Location-Allocation Modeling for Strategic Service Delivery". Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, n. 4 (23 aprile 2021): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab064.

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Abstract In Nepal, preventable death and disability from burn injuries are common due to poor population-level spatial access to organized burn care. Most severe burns are referred to a single facility nationwide, often after suboptimal burn stabilization and/or significant care delay. Therefore, we aimed to identify existing first-level hospitals within Nepal that would optimize population-level access as “burn stabilization points” if their acute burn care capabilities are strengthened. A location-allocation model was created using designated first-level candidate hospitals, a population density grid for Nepal, and road network/travel speed data. Six models (A–F) were developed using cost-distance and network analyses in ArcGIS to identify the three vs five candidate hospitals at ≤2, 6, and 12 travel-hour thresholds that would optimize population-level spatial access. The baseline model demonstrated that currently 20.3% of the national population has access to organized burn care within 2 hours of travel, 37.2% within 6 travel-hours, and 72.6% within 12 travel-hours. If acute burn stabilization capabilities were strengthened, models A to C of three chosen hospitals would increase population-level burn care access to 45.2, 89.4, and 99.8% of the national population at ≤2, 6, and 12 travel-hours, respectively. In models D to F, five chosen hospitals would bring access to 53.4, 95.0, and 99.9% of the national population at ≤2, 6, and 12 travel-hours, respectively. These models demonstrate developing capabilities in three to five hospitals can provide population-level spatial access to acute burn care for most of Nepal’s population. Organized efforts to increase burn stabilization points are feasible and imperative to reduce the rates of preventable burn-related death and disability country-wide.

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Myllymäki, Pekka, e Jussi Poutiainen. "Sintering machine burn-through management by fuzzy speed control". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, n. 22 (agosto 2000): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)36985-9.

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Poranki, D., C. Goodwin e M. Van Dyke. "Assessment of Deep Partial Thickness Burn Treatment with Keratin Biomaterial Hydrogels in a Swine Model". BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1803912.

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Partial thickness burns can advance to full thickness after initial injury due to inadequate tissue perfusion and increased production of inflammatory cytokines, which has been referred to as burn wound progression. In previous work, we demonstrated that a keratin biomaterial hydrogel appeared to reduce burn wound progression. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that a modified keratin hydrogel could reduce burn wound progression and speed healing. Standardized burn wounds were created in Yorkshire swine and treated within 30 minutes with keratin hydrogel (modified and unmodified), collagen hydrogel, or silver sulfadiazine (SSD). Digital images of each wound were taken for area measurements immediately prior to cleaning and dressing changes. Wound tissue was collected and assessed histologically at several time points. Wound area showed a significant difference between hydrogels and SSD groups, and rates of reepithelialization at early time points showed an increase when keratin treatment was used compared to both collagen and SSD. A linear regression model predicted a time to wound closure of approximately 25 days for keratin hydrogel while SSD treatment required 35 days. There appeared to be no measurable differences between the modified and unmodified formulations of keratin hydrogels.

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Ramasamy, Devarajan, Z. A. Zainal, R. A. Bakar e K. Kadirgama. "Mass Fraction Burn Comparison of Compressed Natural Gas and Gasoline". Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (ottobre 2014): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.442.

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Vehicle efficiency relates to pollutants and cost savings in third world countries. In term of subcompact cars, the vehicle characteristics are governed by the engine for alternative fuels. The main focus of this paper was to evaluate a sub compact car engine for its performance and burn rate of gasoline and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). A bi-fuel sequential system was used to do this evaluation. Measurements of engine speed, torque and fuel were done on an eddy current dynamometer, while measurements or in-cylinder pressure, crank angle and spark were analyzed from results taken by data acquisition system. The emissions readings were also compared from an emission analyzer. The results were analyzed for burn rate based on the first law of thermodynamic. The comparison shows a drop of 18.6% was seen for the power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) loss was 7% and efficiency loss was at 17.3% in average for all engine speed. Pressure analysis shows peak pressure dropped by 16%. Burn rate shows why CNG had a slower burning speed on the small engine. The engine speed of 4000 rpm at Maximum Brake Torque (MBT) produced the most nearest results to gasoline.

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Krajnik, Peter, Radovan Drazumeric, Jeffrey Badger, Janez Kopač e Cornel Mihai Nicolescu. "Particularities of Grinding High Speed Steel Punching Tools". Advanced Materials Research 325 (agosto 2011): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.177.

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A simulation model of a punch grinding process has been used to determine optimal parameters to reduce grinding cycle time and achieve a constant-temperature no-burn situation. Two basic outputs of the simulation model include arc length of contact and specific material removal rate that are both time-variant. A thermal model is included in the simulation to calculate maximum grinding temperature rise. The simulation-based optimization can help to avoid thermal damage, which includes thermal softening, residual tensile stress, and rehardening burn. The grindability of high speed steel (HSS) is presented in terms of specific grinding energy versus undeformed chip thickness and maximum temperature rise versus specific material removal rate. It is shown that for a given specific material removal rate lower temperatures are achieved when grinding fast and shallow. Higher temperatures, characteristic for slow and deep grinding, soften the material leading to a lower specific grinding energy, especially if grinding is timid. Lowest values of specific grinding energy can be achieved in fast and shallow grinding at aggressive grinding conditions.

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Riedel, T., M. Takahashi e E. Itoh. "Optimisation of interval management – speed planning using SMPSO". Aeronautical Journal 124, n. 1281 (13 agosto 2020): 1819–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2020.77.

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ABSTRACTRecent research on Flight-deck Interval Management (FIM), a modern technology for increasing safety and improving airspace and runway utilisation through self-spacing, has led to the development of a new rule-based logic for FIM, namely Interval Management – Speed Planning (IM-SP). In an initial benchmark study, IM-SP showed good spacing performance with a significant reduction in speed commands, a major area of concern with previous FIM logics, resulting in a lower burden on the flight crew during FIM operation. Nevertheless, there remains scope for improvement in other aspects, such as fuel burn. In this study, the internal cost function of IM-SP is further analysed and optimised using speed-constrained multi-objective particle swarm optimisation to improve the performance of IM-SP under the multiple objectives of FIM. The optimisation renders new settings that address the problem areas, improve the speed commands and enhance the overall quality of IM-SP. Two distinctive solutions, viz. a spacing performance optimised setting and a fuel burn optimised setting, are further analysed and discussed, and directions for follow-up research are explored.

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Doumbia, Bakary S., Chunmei Yang, Yan Ma, Ting Jiang, Xiang Li e Wenji Yu. "Analysis of neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and experimental prospects for cutting micro-thin black walnut veneers in industry". BioResources 16, n. 2 (8 febbraio 2021): 2416–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2416-2432.

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By structurally and practically analyzing the use of Nd: YAG laser for cutting black walnut veneer, this study considered practical and environmental concerns regarding the global warming protection measures. A numerical model of laser wood veneer cutting was based on the relation between process parameters and the material thickness. A pulsed Nd: YAG was used to cut black walnut veneer of 0.3 mm thickness under different machining conditions regarding laser power and cutting speed to study the cut kerf width. An analysis of variance was conducted to test the significance of machining parameters. The parameters studied were laser power, cutting speed, kerf width, cut surface, safety, and eco-friendliness. The results showed that the kerf width decreased significantly with increased cut speed and, inversely, by laser output power. An efficient cut with a narrow kerf, clean and smooth, with less burn, was possible at laser cutting speeds of 2.5, 5.0, and 5.5 mm/s with kerf widths of 0.544, 0.69, 0.62 mm, respectively. As multiple factors affect the micro-thin wood laser cutting process, finding the optimal process parameters is crucial for successful machining with no burn effect.

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Arul Saravanapriyan, S. N., L. Vijayaraghavan e R. Krishnamurthy. "Significance of grinding burn on high speed steel tool performance". Journal of Materials Processing Technology 134, n. 2 (marzo 2003): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00461-2.

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Butler, Kathryn L., Vijayakrishnan Ambravaneswaran, Nitin Agrawal, Maryelizabeth Bilodeau, Mehmet Toner, Ronald G. Tompkins, Shawn Fagan e Daniel Irimia. "Burn Injury Reduces Neutrophil Directional Migration Speed in Microfluidic Devices". PLoS ONE 5, n. 7 (30 luglio 2010): e11921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011921.

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Yamazaki, Taku, Atsushi Matsubara e Shinya Ikenaga. "Measurement of Rigidity Change of Preload Switching Spindle". International Journal of Automation Technology 6, n. 2 (5 marzo 2012): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2012.p0175.

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High performance milling spindles with high rigidity and high speed are required for high productive machining. A preload switching spindle has been designed to obtain high rigidity at low speeds while avoiding bearing burn at high speeds. In this report, the load-displacement relationship of a preload switching spindle is measured with a non-contact magnetic loading device. Measurement and simulation results are compared to clarify the rigidity change by preload switching.

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Short, Mark, James J. Quirk, Carlos Chiquete e Chad D. Meyer. "Detonation propagation in a circular arc: reactive burn modelling". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 835 (28 novembre 2017): 970–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.751.

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The dynamics of steady detonation propagation in a two-dimensional, high explosive circular arc geometry are examined computationally using a reactive flow model approach. The arc is surrounded by a low impedance material confiner on its inner surface, while its outer surface is surrounded either by the low impedance confiner or by a high impedance confiner. The angular speed of the detonation and properties of the steady detonation driving zone structure, i.e. the region between the detonation shock and sonic flow locus, are examined as a function of increasing arc thickness for a fixed inner arc radius. For low impedance material confinement on the inner and outer arc surfaces, the angular speed increases monotonically with increasing arc thickness, before limiting to a constant. The limiting behaviour is found to occur when the detonation driving zone detaches from the outer arc surface, leaving a region of supersonic flow on the outer surface. Consequently, the angular speed of the detonation becomes insensitive to further increases in the arc thickness. For high impedance material confinement on the outer arc surface, the observed flow structures are significantly more complex. As the arc thickness increases, we sequentially observe regions of negative shock curvature on the detonation front, reflected shock formation downstream of the reaction zone, and eventually Mach stem formation on the detonation front. Subsequently, a region of supersonic flow develops between the detonation driving zone and the Mach stem structure. For sufficiently wide arcs, the Mach stem structure disappears. For the high impedance material confinement, the angular speed of the detonation first increases with increasing arc thickness, reaches a maximum, decreases, and then limits to a constant for sufficiently large arc thickness. The limiting angular speed is the same as that found for the low impedance confiner on the outer arc surface.

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Li, Kevin, Kajal Mehta, Ada Wright, Joohee Lee, Tam N. Pham, Kiran K. Nakarmi e Barclay T. Stewart. "75 Geographic Location-Allocation Modeling to Optimize National Burn Care Delivery and Disaster Planning". Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (1 aprile 2021): S52—S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.079.

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Abstract Introduction The study country has a disproportionally high burn incidence rate compared to other low- and middle-income countries. Preventable death and disability are common due to poor population-level spatial access to organized burn care, including no organized system of ground or aeromedical transport. Currently, severe burns are referred to a single facility nationwide, often with suboptimal stabilization and/or significant care delay. Therefore, we aimed to identify existing candidate hospitals that would optimize population-level access to acute burn care if burn stabilization capabilities were strengthened in each hospital. Methods The 175 general hospitals that referred patients to the single national burn referral center between 2016–2020 were designated as candidate hospitals. Demand points for location-allocation modelling were derived from a 2020 estimated population density grid for the country (total population 30,184,338). Road network and national speed limit data were extracted from publicly available geodata to inform travel distance and time. Six models were developed (Models A-F) using cost-distance and network analyses to identify the 3 vs 5 candidate hospitals that would optimize population-level spatial access if their initial burn stabilization capabilities were strengthened. Three travel time thresholds (≤2, 6, and 12 hours) were used for both sets of models. Results Currently, 6,151,298 people (20.3% of the national population) have access to organized burn care within 2 hours of travel, 11,240,957 (37.2%) within 6 hours and 21,925,928 (72.6%) within 12 hours [Table 1]. If acute burn stabilization capabilities were strengthened, Models A-C of 3 chosen hospitals would increase population-level burn care access to 45.2%, 89.4%, and 99.8% of the national population at ≤2, 6, and 12 travel-hours, respectively. Models D-F demonstrated that 5 chosen hospitals would increase population-level burn care access to 53.4%, 95.0%, and 99.9% of national the population at ≤2, 6, and 12 travel-hours, respectively. Conclusions This exercise demonstrates two sets of models for increasing population-level access to acute burn stabilization in the study country. If acute burn stabilization capabilities were strengthened in the identified hospitals, approximately 90% of the national population would have access to burn care within 6 travel-hours in both the 3 and 5 hospital scenarios. Although the models with 5 strengthened hospitals reduce mean travel time, the percent of population with improved travel time access is only marginally higher. Strategic, organized efforts to increase burn stabilization capabilities might reduce the rates of preventable burn-related death and disability country-wide by reducing delays.

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Ware, L. C., J. W. Lawrence, D. M. Costea e B. deLatueur. "Self Selected Walking Speed as an Outcome Measure for Burn Patients". Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 22 (marzo 2001): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200103002-00008.

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Jin, T., D. J. Stephenson e J. Corbett. "Burn threshold of high-carbon steel in high-efficiency deep grinding". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, n. 3 (1 marzo 2002): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405021520021.

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The burn-threshold of high-carbon steel (51CrV4) in the high-efficiency deep-grinding (HEDG) process is investigated. It is found that the burn threshold in HEDG is determined by the wheel-workpiece contact length, material removal rate and wheel speed. A theoretical expression for the burn threshold has been derived, which is based on the thermal modelling for deep grinding and takes account of the grinding parameters, wheel conditions, thermal properties of the workpiece and abrasive grain, and the heat convected away by the coolant and chips. The predicted upper and lower boundaries for occurrence of workpiece burn show good agreements with the experimental observations. It is shown that burn threshold in HEDG is related to the film boiling of process coolant and the critical heat flux increases as the specific material removal rate increases. The experiments were carried out on an Edgetek five-axis computer numerical control (CNC) grinding machine, which is capable of HEDG in a relatively wide range of process parameters.

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DANIELIAN, N. G., S. K. JANAZIAN, V. V. MELNICHENKO e N. S. YENIKOLOPIAN. "SLOW BURNING TRANSITION INTO DETONATION IN MoS2−Mg MIXTURE AS A RESULT OF MECHANICAL ALLOYING". Modern Physics Letters B 05, n. 19 (20 agosto 1991): 1301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991001593.

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In this paper the causes and the mechanism of explosion arising in process of molybdenum sulfide ( MoS 2) reduction by mechanical alloying with metallic magnesium (Mg) is investigated. It is shown that mechanical treatment of this reaction results in considerably decreasing the ignition temperature (T ign ) and increasing the burning speed (U burn ). It is assumed that the causes of such T ign and U burn value changes in MoS 2− Mg system is multilayered structure formation.

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Vladimirova, O. V., P. M. Lavreshin, V. I. Vladimirov, A. E. Rybalko e I. A. Zybinskiy. "Experience in using povidone-iodine to treat superficial and full-thickness burns". Нospital-replacing technologies:Ambulatory surgery, n. 3-4 (16 novembre 2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1995-1477-2019-3-4-58-64.

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Thermal injuries are now ranked number one among injuries, and incidence of injury-related complications, especially infectious and purulent, does not decrease in surgical practice, despite the modern methods for treatment and prevention. Purulent complications depress the speed and quality of wound healing and increase the number of bed-days and treatment costs. Moreover, infection spreading complicates treatment and increases mortality and disability of patients with burn injuries. Choosing the most effective antiseptic agent for burn injuries is crutial both from the perspective of effective local treatment of wounds and wound complications and from the perspective of pharmacoeconomic aspects. At the current time, povidone iodine solution and ointment are one of the leading antiseptics used at all stages of care for burn patients. Its efficacy has been proven by clinical trials and many years’ experience of use by specialists and patients. We have also gained extensive positive experience in using this drug to treat 269 patients with burns of 5 to 35% total body surface area (TBSA) and various thickness without development of resistance and pain in patients and with a pronounced antiseptic effect during its use on the basis of City Clinical Hospital No. 2 of Stavropol, which once again proved high efficacy and feasibility of the widespread use of povidone-iodine in practice due to antimicrobial activity, high bioavailability, ease of use and economic benefits.

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Liu, Jinlong, e Cosmin Emil Dumitrescu. "Optical analysis of flame inception and propagation in a lean-burn natural-gas spark-ignition engine with a bowl-in-piston geometry". International Journal of Engine Research 21, n. 9 (7 gennaio 2019): 1584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418822852.

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Heavy-duty diesel engines can convert to lean-burn natural-gas spark-ignition operation through the addition of a gas injector in the intake manifold and of a spark plug in place of the diesel injector to initiate and control combustion. However, the combustion phenomena in such converted engines usually consist of two distinct stages: a fast-burning stage inside the piston bowl followed by a slow-burning stage inside the squish area. This study used flame luminosity data and in-cylinder pressure measurements to analyze flame propagation inside a bowl-in-piston geometry. The experimental results showed a low coefficient of variation and standard deviation of peak cylinder pressure, moderate rate of pressure rise, and no knocking for the lean-burn (equivalence ratio 0.66), low-speed (900 r/min), and medium-load (6.6 bar IMEP) operating condition. Flame inception had a strong effect on the flame expansion velocity, which increased fast once the flame kernel established, but it reduced near the bowl edge and the entrance of the narrow squish region. However, the burn inside the bowl was very fast. In addition, the long duration of burn inside the squish indicated a much lower flame propagation speed for the outside-the-bowl combustion, which contributed to a long decreasing tail in the apparent heat release rate. Furthermore, cycles with fast flame inception and fast burn inside the bowl had a similar end of combustion with cycles with delayed flame inception and then a retarded burn inside the bowl, which indicated that the combustion inside the squish region determined the combustion duration. Overall, the results suggested that the spark event, the flame development inside the piston bowl, and the start of the second combustion stage affected the phasing and duration of the two combustion stages, which (subsequently) can affect engine efficiency and emissions of diesel engines converted to a lean-burn natural-gas spark-ignition operation.

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Sharovarnikov, Alexander F., e Dmitriy A. Korol’chenko. "Fighting Fires of Carbon Dioxide in the Closed Buildings". Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (dicembre 2013): 1344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1344.

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Hood, R., C. M. Johnson, S. L. Soo, D. K. Aspinwall e C. Sage. "High-speed ball nose end milling of burn-resistant titanium (BuRTi) alloy". International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 27, n. 2 (14 giugno 2013): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192x.2013.801563.

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Wolfe, R. A. "Mortality differences and speed of wound closure among specialized burn care facilities". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 75, n. 2 (febbraio 1985): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198502000-00104.

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30

Poll, D. I. A., e U. Schumann. "An estimation method for the fuel burn and other performance characteristics of civil transport aircraft in the cruise. Part 1 fundamental quantities and governing relations for a general atmosphere". Aeronautical Journal 125, n. 1284 (20 luglio 2020): 257–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2020.62.

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AbstractThis paper is one of a series addressing the need for simple, yet accurate, methods for the estimation of cruise fuel burn and other important aircraft performance parameters. Here, a previously published, constant Reynolds number model for turbofan-powered, civil transport aircraft is extended to include Reynolds number effects. Provided the variation of temperature with pressure is known, the method is applicable to flight in any atmospheric conditions. For a given aircraft, cruising in a given atmosphere, there is a single Mach number and Flight Level pair, at which the fuel burn per unit distance travelled through the air has an absolute minimum value. Both these quantities depend upon the Reynolds number, which, in turn, depends upon the aircraft weight and the atmospheric vertical temperature profile. Simple, explicit expressions are developed for all parameters at the optimum condition. These are shown to be in close agreement with numerical solutions of the governing equations. It is found that typical operational mass and temperature profile variations can change cruise fuel burn rate by several percent. In the International Standard Atmosphere, when the speed and altitude deviate from their optimum values, the fuel burn penalty is reduced slightly relative to the constant Reynolds number case. By way of example, the method is used to estimate the minimum fuel, speed-versus-height trajectory for cruise in a realistic atmosphere.For each aircraft, cruise fuel burn is found to be governed by six independent parameters. All are constants. Two are simple, involving only size and weight, whereas four are complex and must be determined by either theoretical, or empirical, means. The estimation of these quantities will be considered in Part 2.

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Kozinets, G. P., О. І. Оsadcha, O. M. Kovalenko e O. M. Lynnyk. "Wound process influence on formation systemic inflammatory response and early sepsis in patients with burns in acute period of burn disease". Modern medical technologies 41 part 3, n. 2 (6 aprile 2019): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34287/mmt.2(41).2019.33.

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Purpose of the study. Determine the mechanism of influence of the wound process on the formation of early sepsis in patients with burns in the acute period of burn disease.Materials and methods. The results of the examination and treatment of 43 patients aged 16–58 years with the area of burn injury from 20% to 60% of the body surface are analyzed. Patients underwent research in the capillary zone of thermal damage to the contents of homocysteine, endothelin and nitric oxide, and the level of cytokines in the blood.Results. Ischemia in the first day after injury and subsequent reperfusion increase in the linear blood flow speed is an incentive for increased production of nitric oxide, which promotes vasodilatation and impaired tissue perfusion, the formation of ischemic centers in the burn wound and the activation of cells that produce cytokines and other inflammatory mediators.The dynamics of changes in the activity of NG (neutrophil granulocytes) in spontaneous NST-test (nitro blue tetrazolium test) indicates a high degree of functional damage of phagocytic cells. The decrease in the indexes of myeloperoxidase and PAS-positive substances in neutrophil granulocytes is a confirmation of enzymatic and energetic activity degradation. When activating Mf-residents (resident macrophages) in response to injury, cells with low functional efficiency migrate to the zone of thermal damage.The increase in the content of proinflammatory cytokines with a significant reduction of anti-inflammatory agents is found out, which leads to dysregulation of cytokine interactions. Significant secretion of IL-6 activates the cascade synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-2 and TNF in the absence of adequate inhibition by anti-inflammatory mediators leads to the generalization of systemic inflammatory response.Conclusions. It was determined that the predictors of early sepsis in patients with severe burns are: progressive decrease in the content nitric oxide degradation products with a significant increase of homocysteine and endothelin-1 content; progressive increase IL-6 level, which activates the cascade synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, TNF-Į); increase in the activity of resident macrophages and suppression of functional activity of inflammatory macrophages in relation to microbial agents; progressive myeloperoxidase decrease in neutrophil granulocytes in the capillary blood of thermal injury zone in the early stages after burn trauma.Keywords: burn, sepsis, nonspecific resistance, nitric oxide, cytokines.

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32

Pinchuk, T. P., K. K. Ilyashenko, S. G. Muradyan e T. V. Klokova. "ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY OF CHEMICAL BURNS IN RESPIRATORY TRACTS". Toxicological Review, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2017): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2017-1-15-19.

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Results of endoscopic diagnostics and treatment of 58 victims with chemical burns of airways are reported. They made 16.9% of observations of all patients admitted to hospital with poisonings by cauterizing substances. Endoscopic and X-ray semiotics of airways chemical burns is reported. The incidence and severity of airways lesions in relation to the degree of esophagus chemical burns were assessed. It is established that burn laryngotracheo bronchitis became complicated by the development of pneumonia in 77.6% of observations , and in 6.9% by cicatricial narrowing of the trachea and bronchi. Localization and the development speed of infiltrative changes in lungs allow to assume that the aspiration of cauterizing liquids plays the key role in the pneumonia genesis. The therapeutic bronchoscopy included toilet bronchoscopy of the trachea bronchial tree with 0.01% solution of dioxydin and laser photo stimulation with a red- range low-energy laser. Therapeutic sessions were carried out 3 times a week. From 1 to 10 sessions were performed depending on the severity of airways chemical burns. Convalescence of all patients was achieved.

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Costa, Roberto B. R., Carlos A. J. Gomes, Fabricio J. P. Pujatti, Ramon Molina Valle e José E. M. Barros. "Ethanol Lean Combustion Characteristics of a GDI Engine". Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (ottobre 2015): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.219.

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In the present study, ethanol combustion analysis was carried in a wall guided type GDI engine, to achieve combustion stability under lean burn operation and to expand the flammability limit for increasing engine efficiency. Tests were performed at constant engine speed, load and injection pressure (1000 rpm, NIMEP = 3 bar, 100 bar), for a wide range of injection, ignition and mixture formation parameters. NISFC, combustion stability, PMEP and burn duration were evaluated at each excess air ratio. An improvement on fuel economy and, consequently, increased engine efficiency was achieved for excess air ratios of λ = 1.1 and λ = 1.2.

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Wan, Linlin, Zhaohui Deng, Tao Liu, Hao Tang e Wei Liu. "Experimental investigation of grinding temperature and burn in high speed deep camshaft grinding". International Journal of Abrasive Technology 7, n. 4 (2016): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijat.2016.081357.

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Liu, Wei, Hao Tang, Tao Liu, Linlin Wan e Zhaohui Deng. "Experimental investigation of grinding temperature and burn in high speed deep camshaft grinding". International Journal of Abrasive Technology 7, n. 4 (2016): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijat.2016.10002390.

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Sharma, Rahul, Dragan Nesic e Chris Manzie. "Sampled Data Model Predictive Idle Speed Control of Ultra-Lean Burn Hydrogen Engines". IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 21, n. 2 (marzo 2013): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2012.2185238.

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37

Tanskanen, Heidi, Anders Granström, Markku Larjavaara e Pasi Puttonen. "Experimental fire behaviour in managed Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies stands of Finland". International Journal of Wildland Fire 16, n. 4 (2007): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf05087.

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Fire behaviour characteristics were studied in managed Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies L. Karst stands in a series of field burning experiments. Stand characteristics, surface fuel moisture content, mid-flame wind speed, rates of spread, flame heights, and torching were recorded. The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System (FWI System) and Finnish Fire Risk Index (FFI) were used to evaluate burning conditions and analyse the observed fire behaviour. Mid-flame wind speed was a good predictor (R2 = 0.96 for exponential curve) of the fire spread rates. Torching formed the strongest correlation with the height of the dead branch limit. An increase in predicted fire weather hazard from FWI 4 to FWI 20 (FWI = the FWI code of the FWI System) increased burn coverage remarkably in 15–45-year-old Pinus stands and to a lesser extent in Pinus and Picea clear-cuts, but did not affect 40–60-year-old Picea stands. The FFI was unable to predict burn coverage or any other fire behaviour characteristics.

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Kochanski, A. K., M. A. Jenkins, J. Mandel, J. D. Beezley, C. B. Clements e S. Krueger. "Evaluation of WRF-SFIRE performance with field observations from the FireFlux experiment". Geoscientific Model Development 6, n. 4 (2 agosto 2013): 1109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1109-2013.

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Abstract. This study uses in situ measurements collected during the FireFlux field experiment to evaluate and improve the performance of the coupled atmosphere–fire model WRF-SFIRE. The simulation by WRF-SFIRE of the experimental burn shows that WRF-SFIRE is capable of providing realistic head-fire rate of spread and vertical temperature structure of the fire plume, and fire-induced surface flow and vertical velocities within the plume up to 10 m above ground level. The simulation captured the changes in wind speed and direction before, during, and after fire front passage, along with the arrival times of wind speed, temperature, and updraft maxima, at the two instrumented flux towers used in FireFlux. The model overestimated vertical wind speeds and underestimated horizontal wind speeds measured at tower heights above 10 m. It is hypothesized that the limited model spatial resolution led to overestimates of the fire front depth, heat release rate, and updraft speed. However, on the whole, WRF-SFIRE simulated fire plume behavior that is consistent with FireFlux observations. The study suggests optimal experimental pre-planning, design, and execution strategies for future field campaigns that are intended to evaluate and develop further coupled atmosphere–fire models.

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39

Pivello, Vania R., e Leopoldo M. Coutinho. "Transfer of macro-nutrients to the atmosphere during experimental burnings in an open cerrado (Brazilian savanna)". Journal of Tropical Ecology 8, n. 4 (novembre 1992): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400006829.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents the quantities of macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) released from the ground layer vegetation to the atmosphere during six experimental burnings, in a Brazilian open savanna, named ‘campo-cerrado’. The values were obtained by comparing the amounts of nutrients in the fuel and in the ash resulting after the burn, in three different seasons. On average, 20.6 kg of N, 1.6kg of P, 7.1 kg of K, 12.1kg of Ca, 3.0 kg of Mg, and 3.2kg of S ha−1 were transferred from the plant biomass to the atmosphere, representing mean percentages of 95% for N, 51% for P, 44% for K, 52% for Ca, 42% for Mg, and 59% for S. The burn season showed no significant influence on the amounts of nutrients transferred to the atmosphere. Some relationships involving the quantities of macro-nutrients released, fuel moisture, the combustion efficiency during the burns, and the initial standing biomass in the area were also tested. Comparing the average output of macro-nutrients to the atmosphere obtained in this study with their inputs via rainfall, in the same area, it was estimated that three years would be an adequate interval between prescribed burnings for this campo-cerrado, to speed up nutrient recycling without impoverishing the system.

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Wang, Xue Zhi, Wan Shan Wang, Tian Biao Yu, Na Yuan e Xue Sun. "Study on Radial Deformation of CBN Grinding Wheel Considering Centrifugal Force and Grinding Heat". Advanced Materials Research 797 (settembre 2013): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.500.

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For ultra-high-speed grinding, the deformation of grinding wheel has a greater impact on the machining accuracy. Finite element method was used to study the radial deformation of the CBN grinding wheel considering centrifugal force and grinding heat. The study shows that the effects of centrifugal force and grinding heat are same magnitude, and the proportion changes with the change of grinding speed and grinding force. By finite element analysis, it is possible to solve the grinding wheel the radial deformation and grinding temperature under different grinding speed and grinding force, and it also provides theoretical support for predicting the machining accuracy, compensating precision and avoiding grinding burn.

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41

Wu, Fang, Difei Bian, Yufeng Xia, Zhunan Gong, Qian Tan, Jiaojiao Chen e Yue Dai. "Identification of Major Active Ingredients Responsible for Burn Wound Healing ofCentella asiaticaHerbs". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/848093.

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Centella asiaticaherbs have been prescribed as a traditional medicine for wound healing in China and Southeast Asia for a long time. They contain many kinds of triterpenoid compounds, mainly including glycosides (asiaticoside and madecassoside) and corresponding aglycones (asiatic acid and madecassic acid). To identify which is the major active constituent, a comprehensive and comparative study of these compounds was performed.In vitro, primary human skin fibroblasts, originating from healthy human foreskin samples, were treated with various concentrations of asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid, respectively. Cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, MMP-1/TIMP-1 balance, and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway were investigated.In vivo, mice were orally administered with the four compounds mentioned above for two weeks after burn injury. The speed and quality of wound healing, as well as TGF-β1levels in skin tissues, were examined. Interestingly, in contrast to prevalent postulations, asiaticoside and madecassoside themselves, rather than their corresponding metabolites asiatic acid and madecassic acid, are recognized as the main active constituents ofC. asiaticaherbs responsible for burn wound healing. Furthermore, madecassoside is more effective than asiaticoside (P=0.0446for procollagen type III synthesisin vitro,P=0.0057for wound healing speed, andP=0.0491for wound healing patternin vivo, correspondingly).

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42

Sudarshan, G., e S. Rajkumar. "Zero-Dimensional Analysis of Combustion in a Multiple-Injection CRDI Engine Using Wiebe Law". Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (agosto 2015): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.707.

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Common rail direct injection system (CRDI) offers the potential to achieve optimal combustion and emission characteristics. An empirical analysis of engine combustion process incorporating Wiebe type burn rate law approach is useful not only in understanding the combustion characteristics of a CRDI engine but also aids in diagnosis and control of the combustion process wherever required from the performance and emission standpoint. This paper presents a methodology for applying the burn rate law for common rail direct injection diesel engines adopted with split injection by using Wiebe’s correlation. The analysis reveals that while the empirical constant ‘m’ (shape factor) for both pilot and main injections is independent of engine load and seems to be affected by engine speed only, the constant ‘a’ (efficiency parameter) seems to be influenced by the engine speed, load and injection conditions. A correlation for these empirical constants with the respective parameters of dependence can be formulated which can be used to analyze the effect of change in engine operating conditions on combustion characteristics without conducting engine experiments.

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Pertea, Mihaela, Vladimir Poroch, Petru Ciobanu, Alexandru Filip, Natalia Velenciuc, Sorinel Lunca, Andrian Panuta, Mihaela Buna-Arvinte, Stefana Luca e Bogdan Veliceasa. "Efficiency of Bromelain-Enriched Enzyme Mixture (NexoBrid™) in the Treatment of Burn Wounds". Applied Sciences 11, n. 17 (2 settembre 2021): 8134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178134.

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Background: The use of bromelain for the removal of eschar in deep burns is considered to be effective because it does not affect the unaffected skin and leaves a clean dermis after use. The main objective of this study is to find out whether bromelain is a good alternative to surgical debridement. In order to achieve that, we aim to evaluate its indications, limitations, and safety measures. Methods: The current study was conducted on a group of 30 patients with deep burn lesions, aged 20 to 56 years, from which 15 underwent enzymatic debridement and 15 patients acted as a control group in which primary surgical debridement was used. The mixture of enzymes enriched in bromelain, meant to dissolve burn eschar, was provided by NexoBrid™. The inclusion criteria were in agreement with the manufacturer’s protocols, but the application protocol was slightly modified in order to implement a better intern protocol and to assess its efficiency. Results: Complete eschar debridement was obtained in 13 of the 15 cases, from which 10 patients went through spontaneous healing and 3 needed to be covered with a skin graft. In the other 2 cases, partial eschar debridement was associated with surgical debridement and coverage with split-thickness skin graft in the same operation. The results obtained in the two groups were assessed with the Vancouver Scar Scale. Conclusions: Even though early excision followed by coverage with split-thickness skin graft remains the gold standard for the treatment of deep burns, enzymatic debridement can provide a series of advantages when the inclusion and exclusion criteria are respected. Bromelain is an alternative to surgical debridement that provides speed, tissue selectivity, safety, and less blood loss.

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Sharma, R., P. Dennis, C. Manzie, D. Nesić e M. J. Brear. "Real time model predictive idle speed control of ultra-lean burn engines: experimental results". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, n. 1 (gennaio 2011): 13004–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.00634.

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45

Li-Yan, Lou, Zhang Yu, Jia Yun-Jie, Li Yan, Tian Hong-Fang, Cai Yu-Jun e Li Cheng-Xin. "High speed laser cladded Ti-Cu-NiCoCrAlTaY burn resistant coating and its oxidation behavior". Surface and Coatings Technology 392 (giugno 2020): 125697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125697.

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46

曾, 榕. "Design of High-Speed Driving Board for Integrated Circuit of Burn-In Test System". Open Journal of Circuits and Systems 03, n. 04 (2014): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojcs.2014.34009.

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47

Espinoza, D. P., D. F. Kalbermatten, A. Serov, D. V. Egloff e W. Raffoul. "Evaluation of a new high-speed laser-doppler camera for early burn depth assessment". Burns 35 (settembre 2009): S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.129.

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48

Frese, Laura, Salim E. Darwiche, Brigitte von Rechenberg, Simon P. Hoerstrup, Pietro Giovanoli e Maurizio Calcagni. "Thermal conditioning improves quality and speed of keratinocyte sheet production for burn wound treatment". Cytotherapy 23, n. 6 (giugno 2021): 536–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.01.006.

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49

Billmire, Michael, Nancy H. F. French, Tatiana Loboda, R. Chris Owen e Marlene Tyner. "Santa Ana winds and predictors of wildfire progression in southern California". International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, n. 8 (2014): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf13046.

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Santa Ana winds have been implicated as a major driver of large wildfires in southern California. While numerous anecdotal reports exist, there is little quantitative analysis in peer-reviewed literature on how this weather phenomenon influences fire progression rates. We analysed fire progression within 158 fire events in southern California as a function of meteorologically defined Santa Ana conditions between 2001 and 2009. Our results show quantitatively that burned area per day is 3.5–4.5 times larger on Santa Ana days than on non-Santa Ana days. Santa Ana definition parameters (relative humidity, wind speed) along with other predictor variables (air temperature, fuel temperature, 10-h fuel moisture, population density, slope, fuel loading, previous-day burn perimeter) were tested individually and in combination for correlation with subsets of daily burned area. Relative humidity had the most consistently strong correlation with burned area per day. Gust and peak wind speed had a strong positive correlation with burned area per day particularly within subsets of burned area representing only the first day of a fire, >500 ha burned areas, and on Santa Ana days. The suite of variables comprising the best-fit generalised linear model for predicting burned area (R2 = 0.41) included relative humidity, peak wind speed, previous-day burn perimeter and two binary indicators for first and last day of a fire event.

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Santoso, Budi, Arruya Ashadiqa, Safaruddin Safaruddin, Tomi Indrianto e Hisham Hisham. "PENERAPAN KONSEP ZERO FUEL BURN DENGAN OPTIMALISASI DESAIN JALAN HAULING DALAM RANGKA EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN FUEL “ADVANCED ZERO FUEL BURN”". Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, n. 1 (28 agosto 2019): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v0i0.7.

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Advanced Zero Fuel Burn merupakan program khusus yang di peruntukkan untuk efisiensi pemakaian bahan bakar pada unit hauler khususnya unit OHT 773 CAT, dengan mengoptimalkan beberapa fitur record data yang dimiliki oleh sistem electronic menggunakan fasilitas ET Tool Downloader Caterpillar, sehingga didapatkan data record dan graphic pemakaian bahan bakar selama unit dioperasikan. Data tersebut di evaluasi dan di entrepetasikan, bahwa ketika unit hauler OHT 773 CAT dioperasikan dalam kondisi bermuatan bisa tercapai ZERO pembakaran bahan bakar di jalan turunan (Downhill) dengan konsisten mengaplikasikan zero throtle, aktif retarder, penyesuaian speed dan gear pada grade road 10-12%. Program ini merupakan tindak lanjut dari hasil report SAT Desember 2017 yang dilakukan oleh Tim Trakindo Utama di Site Seruyung pertambangan emas PT Sago Prima Pratama, di mana secara data diperoleh kategori rate fuel consumption unit OHT773 yang dapat dioptimalkan menjadi lebih efisien dan selanjutnya PT Sago Prima Pratama mengembangkan informasi ini menjadi program khusus untuk mendapatkan pengoperasionalan unit OHT yang lebih ekonomis, produktif dan tentunya tetap memperhatikan aspek safety. Pelaksanaan program studi zero fuel burn juga melibatkan pihak Trakindo Utama sebagai pembimbing di kelas dan dilapangan.

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