Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "C. sativa"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "C. sativa"
1
McPartland, John M., e Ernest Small. "A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives". PhytoKeys 144 (3 aprile 2020): 81–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.144.46700.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two kinds of drug-type Cannabis gained layman’s terms in the 1980s. “Sativa” had origins in South Asia (India), with early historical dissemination to Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Americas. “Indica” had origins in Central Asia (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkestan). We have assigned unambiguous taxonomic names to these varieties, after examining morphological characters in 1100 herbarium specimens, and analyzing phytochemical and genetic data from the literature in a meta-analysis. “Sativa” and “Indica” are recognized as C. sativa subsp. indica var. indica and C. sativa subsp. indica var. afghanica, respectively. Their wild-growing relatives are C. sativa subsp. indica var. himalayensis (in South Asia), and C. sativa subsp. indica var. asperrima (in Central Asia). Natural selection initiated divergence, driven by climatic conditions in South and Central Asia. Subsequent domestication drove further phytochemical divergence. South and Central Asian domesticates can be distinguished by tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol content (THC/CBD ratios, ≥7 or <7, respectively), terpenoid profiles (absence or presence of sesquiterpene alcohols), and a suite of morphological characters. The two domesticates have undergone widespread introgressive hybridization in the past 50 years. This has obliterated differences between hybridized “Sativa” and “Indica” currently available. “Strains” alleged to represent “Sativa” and “Indica” are usually based on THC/CBD ratios of plants with undocumented hybrid backgrounds (with so-called “Indicas” often delimited simply on possession of more CBD than “Sativas”). The classification presented here circumscribes and names four taxa of Cannabis that represent critically endangered reservoirs of germplasm from which modern cannabinoid strains originated, and which are in urgent need of conservation.
2
Batista, D., T. Valdiviesso, L. Santos, O. S. Paulo, J. Gomes-Laranjo e R. Costa. "GENOTYPING CASTANEA SATIVA × C. CRENATA AND C. SATIVA × C. MOLLISSIMA F1 HYBRIDS USING NUCLEAR SSRS". Acta Horticulturae, n. 784 (marzo 2008): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.784.15.
Testo completo
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Besson, Elisabeth, Georgette Dellamonica, Jean Chopin, Kenneth R. Markham, Mujo Kim, Hen-Sik Koh e Hiroshi Fukami. "C-glycosylflavones from Oryza sativa". Phytochemistry 24, n. 5 (gennaio 1985): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)83183-0.
Testo completo
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Soroka, Juliana, Chrystel Olivier, Larry Grenkow e Ginette Séguin-Swartz. "Interactions between Camelina sativa (Brassicaceae) and insect pests of canola". Canadian Entomologist 147, n. 2 (22 agosto 2014): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2014.42.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn an investigation of Camelina sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz (Brassicaceae) and five common insect pests of canola (Brassica napus Linnaeus) (Brassicaceae), little feeding damage to the plant was inflicted by crucifer-feeding specialist flea beetles (Phyllotreta Chevrolat species) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Delia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) root maggots, or diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)). In choice tests, diamondback moths laid fewer eggs on C. sativa than on B. napus leaves. Diamondback moth larvae consumed less C. sativa leaf tissue, and tended to have a longer developmental period on C. sativa. Larvae of the polyphagous bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)) had similar feeding levels on C. sativa and B. napus plants. However, there was a longer developmental period from larval to pupal stage and pupae weighed less when fed on C. sativa foliage, suggesting that C. sativa contains antibiosis factors against bertha armyworm. Two strains of aster yellows phytoplasma, 16SrI-A and 16SrI-B, were identified in C. sativa and in Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Forbes) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Differences in incidence of aster yellows and abundance of M. quadrilineatus were observed among lines of C. sativa. The findings confirm that C. sativa is unlikely to support high populations of these insect pests on the Canadian prairies.
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Sharol Hisam, Arisya Hanim, Nurfarhana Rasli, Nur Fatihah Abdul Razak, Ain Sofea Nabila Aidy Ajmer, Joe Dailin Daniel, Hesham Ali El Enshasy, Wen Nee Tan e Woei Yenn Tong. "Potential Medical Benefits of Cannabis sativa and Its Controversies". ICMST 19, s9 (10 agosto 2023): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.43.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There are over 40 countries that have legalised the use of Cannabis sativa for medical purposes. The objective of this review is to discuss the benefits of C. sativa usage for medical purposes and the conflicts that may arise from its usage. In terms of neurological disorders, medical C. sativa is effective in reducing the symptoms of neuropathic and peripheral pain, Tic disorder, Parkinson’s Disease, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Besides, C. sativa has been proven to reduce the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, anxiety, and schizophrenia. With the legalization of C. sativa for medical purposes, there are conflicts that arise, including public attitudes and social acceptability. In conclusion, medical C. sativa showed significant medical benefits in managing neurological, mental, and other pain-related illnesses. However, C. sativa can also cause conflicts in the legalization process due to adverse effects shown to users after consuming it for a period of time.
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Chaudhary, Raju, Chu Shin Koh, Sateesh Kagale, Lily Tang, Siu Wah Wu, Zhenling Lv, Annaliese S. Mason, Andrew G. Sharpe, Axel Diederichsen e Isobel A. P. Parkin. "Assessing Diversity in the Camelina Genus Provides Insights into the Genome Structure of Camelina sativa". G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, n. 4 (11 febbraio 2020): 1297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400957.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz an oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family is gaining attention due to its potential as a source of high value oil for food, feed or fuel. The hexaploid domesticated C. sativa has limited genetic diversity, encouraging the exploration of related species for novel allelic variation for traits of interest. The current study utilized genotyping by sequencing to characterize 193 Camelina accessions belonging to seven different species collected primarily from the Ukrainian-Russian region and Eastern Europe. Population analyses among Camelina accessions with a 2n = 40 karyotype identified three subpopulations, two composed of domesticated C. sativa and one of C. microcarpa species. Winter type Camelina lines were identified as admixtures of C. sativa and C. microcarpa. Eighteen genotypes of related C. microcarpa unexpectedly shared only two subgenomes with C. sativa, suggesting a novel or cryptic sub-species of C. microcarpa with 19 haploid chromosomes. One C. microcarpa accession (2n = 26) was found to comprise the first two subgenomes of C. sativa suggesting a tetraploid structure. The defined chromosome series among C. microcarpa germplasm, including the newly designated C. neglecta diploid née C. microcarpa, suggested an evolutionary trajectory for the formation of the C. sativa hexaploid genome and re-defined the underlying subgenome structure of the reference genome.
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Basyal, Puskar, e Prerok Regmi. "Ethnobotany, Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of Cannabis sativa." International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 5, n. 2 (29 dicembre 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55530/ijmbiosnepal.v5i2.37.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: Cannabis is an annual dioecious plant, which shares its origins with the inception of the first agricultural human societies in Asia. Over the course of time different parts of the plant have been utilized for therapeutic and recreational purposes. Linnaeus was the first person to describe Cannabis as Cannabis sativa (C.sativa). Numerous bioactive phytochemicals are extracted from C. sativa that signal for medicinal development. Methods:The review aims to provide a different perspective of the ethnobotanical, taxonomy and chemical aspects from the ancient times of C. sativa. The study was conducted with the review of scientific papers from Pubmed, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, Springer, Elseveir, Science Direct, Taylor Francis and online textbooks of C. sativa. Results: C. sativa has its origin from Asia. It has traditional spiritual, household and therapeutic uses. Cannabis is a monotypic genera with three different varieties: C sativa var. sativa, C sativa var. indica, C sativa var. ruderalis. A total of 565 chemicals (120 cannabinoids and 445 non cannabinoids) have been recorded in Cannabis. Conclusions: Cannabis is an ethnobotanical rich and phytochemical significant therapeutic plant. Because of lack of scientific research, the taxonomic aspects are still hidden. This study recommends exploratory study on ethnobotanical, taxonomical and phytochemicals of Nepalese Cannabis.
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Mazhar, Hafiz Rizwan, Muhammad Faizan Ullah, Muhammad Atiq, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Shafqat Ali, Muhammad Usman, Usama Ahmad, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Faizan Ullah e Shahid Iqbal. "DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PHYTOCHEMICALS TOWARDS XANTHOMONAS CITRI PV. CITRI CAUSING CITRUS CANKER". Agricultural Sciences Journal 3, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.003.02.094.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, is the most destructive disease of citrus throughout the world. Synthetic chemicals have so far proved ineffective and harmful to the environment. That is why in current study, phyto-extracts were examined due to their less hazardous and eco-friendly nature. For the management of citrus canker, nine medicinal phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa, C. tamala, Z. officinale, P. nigrum, C. verum, S. aromaticum, E. globu, T. Graecum) were evaluated under lab condition. Maximum inhibition zone was produced by C. colocynthis (25.71mm) followed by N. sativa (21.52mm), C. tamala (18.63mm), Z. officinale (20.42mm), P. nigrum (18.99mm). C. verum (15.73mm), S. aromaticum (18.75mm), E. globu (15.37mm), T. Graecum (14.57mm) as compared to control under lab conditions. The most effective phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa) were evaluated under greenhouse and field condition. Minimum disease severity (12.62%) was observed when of (C. colocynthis + N. sativa) were applied in combination followed by C. colocynthis (23.23%) and N. sativa (28.31%) as compared to the control under greenhouse condition. Maximum disease incidence was noticed by N. sativa (42.18%), C. colocynthis (36.79%) and minimum disease incidence (27.40%) was observed when (C. colocynthis+ N. sativa) were applied in combinations under field condition as compared to the control and reduce the disease severity up to 50%. The results showed that C. colocynthis+ N. sativa can be implicated for the management of citrus canker.
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Mazhar, Hafiz Rizwan, Muhammad Faizan Ullah, Muhammad Atiq, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Shafqat Ali, Muhammad Usman, Usama Ahmad, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Faizan Ullah e Shahid Iqbal. "DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PHYTOCHEMICALS TOWARDS XANTHOMONAS CITRI PV. CITRI CAUSING CITRUS CANKER". Agricultural Sciences Journal 3, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.v3i2.94.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, is the most destructive disease of citrus throughout the world. Synthetic chemicals have so far proved ineffective and harmful to the environment. That is why in current study, phyto-extracts were examined due to their less hazardous and eco-friendly nature. For the management of citrus canker, nine medicinal phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa, C. tamala, Z. officinale, P. nigrum, C. verum, S. aromaticum, E. globu, T. Graecum) were evaluated under lab condition. Maximum inhibition zone was produced by C. colocynthis (25.71mm) followed by N. sativa (21.52mm), C. tamala (18.63mm), Z. officinale (20.42mm), P. nigrum (18.99mm). C. verum (15.73mm), S. aromaticum (18.75mm), E. globu (15.37mm), T. Graecum (14.57mm) as compared to control under lab conditions. The most effective phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa) were evaluated under greenhouse and field condition. Minimum disease severity (12.62%) was observed when of (C. colocynthis + N. sativa) were applied in combination followed by C. colocynthis (23.23%) and N. sativa (28.31%) as compared to the control under greenhouse condition. Maximum disease incidence was noticed by N. sativa (42.18%), C. colocynthis (36.79%) and minimum disease incidence (27.40%) was observed when (C. colocynthis+ N. sativa) were applied in combinations under field condition as compared to the control and reduce the disease severity up to 50%. The results showed that C. colocynthis+ N. sativa can be implicated for the management of citrus canker.
10
Mirek, Zbigniew. "Taxonomy and nomenclature of Camelina pilosa auct." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 49, n. 4 (2014): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1980.050.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It was found when examining typical herbary material that <em>Camelina</em> sativa a pilosa DC. is a synonym, of C. microcarpa Andrz.. subsp. silvestris (Wallr.) Hiit. and C. pilosa (DC:) Zing. Q=C. sativa (L.) Cr. subsp. pilosa (DC.) Zing.) belongs to C. sativa (L.) Cr. s.l.. Therefore the name of C. pilosa (DC.) Zing. as based on the alien type should be rejected and the author suggests in its place the name of C. sativa (L.) Cr. var. Zingeri Mirek vas. nova.
Tesi sul tema "C. sativa"
1
Fontaine, Florent. "Functional study of Lipid Droplet (LD) addressing domains to improve the purification of recombinant proteins". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASB004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La production de protéines recombinantes hydrophobes, telles que les protéines transmembranaires, est complexe en raison de leur association avec des environnements lipidiques, rendant leur purification coûteuse et difficile, représentant jusqu'à 80 % des coûts de production. Cette thèse propose une approche innovante exploitant les propriétés des gouttelettes lipidiques (GLs) végétales pour faciliter le repliement et la purification par flottaison de protéines hydrophobes, via un ancrage par l'oléosine AtOLE1, protéine majeure des GLs de graines. Si cette méthode a été validée pour des protéines solubles, elle reste inexplorée pour les protéines transmembranaires.Les GLs sont des structures dynamiques composées d'un cœur de triacylglycérols (TAGs) entouré d'une monocouche de phospholipides, à laquelle s'associent des protéines issues du réticulum endoplasmique (RE) ou du cytosol. Certaines de ces protéines, impliquées dans la biogenèse des GLs, s'attachent précocement à leur surface. L'adressage des protéines aux GLs ne dépend pas d'un domaine conservé, mais plutôt de motifs structurels spécifiques. Cependant, ces motifs étant également présents sur des protéines non associées aux GLs, l'étude de leur spécificité reste complexe.Cette thèse a permis d'explorer les interactions protéines-GLs, en identifiant les facteurs influençant leur spécificité et leur affinité pour la surface des GLs, avec pour objectif de développer des applications biotechnologiques. Une preuve de concept a été réalisée en utilisant les protéines transmembranaires E et M du SARS-CoV-2 fusionnées à AtOLE1. Dans Nicotiana benthamiana, surproduisant transitoirement des GLs, l'observation par microscopie a montré que les protéines E et M ciblent spécifiquement les GLs grâce à AtOLE1. Un pipeline de colocalisation a été développé pour quantifier cette spécificité.Ensuite, les protéines E et M ont été exprimées dans des graines de Camelina sativa. L'analyse des GLs purifiées a confirmé leur présence en surface, améliorée par la fusion à AtOLE1. Ce travail a montré que l'efficacité d'adressage aux GLs varie selon le châssis végétal utilisé, révélant des mécanismes encore mal compris.Pour approfondir ces mécanismes, la spécificité d'interaction de diverses protéines et domaines a été évaluée par microscopie dans N. benthamiana. Les résultats ont ensuite été comparés aux propriétés structurales des protéines, comme la charge et l'hydrophobicité. Aucune corrélation directe n'a été observée, suggérant que la spécificité des protéines pour les GLs est davantage influencée par leur fonction dans la biogenèse des GLs ou leur cinétique d'arrivée. Les protéines qui se localisent tôt à la surface des GLs montrent une spécificité accrue.L'évaluation de l'affinité des protéines pour les GLs, définie par leur capacité à rester associées malgré des lavages de plus en plus stringents, a nécessité la production d'un nouveau châssis de N. benthamiana suraccumulant de manière stable des GLs, avec une augmentation de 22 à 23 fois du nombre de GLs par rapport au type sauvage. Les GLs isolées ont été soumises à des conditions de lavage rigoureuses, et les protéines associées ont été détectées par des techniques biochimiques. Les résultats ont montré que certaines protéines, sous forme d'oligomères, restaient attachées, quelle que soit la stringence des traitements.Ces observations ont été validées dans des graines de C. sativa, notamment avec la production de HsFGF2, un facteur de croissance commercial. Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle clé de la cinétique d'arrivée et de la fonction des protéines dans la biogenèse des GLs pour déterminer leur spécificité et leur affinité. Cette compréhension des mécanismes d'interaction entre protéines et GLs ouvre la voie à des optimisations pour des applications biotechnologiques, notamment dans la production et la purification de protéines hydrophobesThe production of hydrophobic recombinant proteins, such as transmembrane proteins, is complex due to their association with lipid environments, making their purification costly and difficult, accounting for up to 80% of production costs. This thesis proposes an innovative approach exploiting the properties of plant lipid droplets (GLs) to facilitate the folding and flotation purification of hydrophobic proteins, via anchoring by AtOLE1 oleosin, a major protein in seed GLs. While this method has been validated for soluble proteins, it remains unexplored for transmembrane proteins.GLs are dynamic structures composed of a core of triacylglycerols (TAGs) surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, with which proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or cytosol are associated. Some of these proteins, involved in GL biogenesis, attach early to their surface. Addressing of proteins to GLs does not depend on a conserved domain, but rather on specific structural motifs. However, as these motifs are also present on proteins not associated with GLs, the study of their specificity remains complex.This thesis explored protein-GL interactions, identifying the factors influencing their specificity and affinity for the GL surface, with the aim of developing biotechnological applications. Proof of concept was achieved using SARS-CoV-2 transmembrane proteins E and M fused to AtOLE1. In Nicotiana benthamiana, which transiently overproduces GLs, microscopic observation showed that E and M proteins specifically target GLs through AtOLE1. A colocalization pipeline was developed to quantify this specificity.The E and M proteins were then expressed in Camelina sativa seeds. Analysis of purified GLs confirmed their surface presence, enhanced by fusion to AtOLE1. This work has shown that GL addressing efficiency varies according to the plant frame used, revealing mechanisms that are still poorly understood.To investigate these mechanisms further, the interaction specificity of various proteins and domains was assessed by microscopy in N. benthamiana. The results were then compared with the structural properties of the proteins, such as charge and hydrophobicity. No direct correlation was observed, suggesting that protein specificity for GLs is more influenced by their function in GL biogenesis or their arrival kinetics. Proteins that localize early to the GL surface show increased specificity.Assessing the affinity of proteins for GLs, defined by their ability to remain associated despite increasingly stringent washings, required the production of a new N. benthamiana chassis stably overaccumulating GLs, with a 22- to 23-fold increase in the number of GLs compared with the wild type. Isolated GLs were subjected to rigorous washing conditions, and associated proteins were detected by biochemical techniques. The results showed that some proteins, in the form of oligomers, remained attached, regardless of the stringency of the treatments.These observations were validated in C. sativa seeds, notably with the production of HsFGF2, a commercial growth factor. The results highlight the key role of arrival kinetics and protein function in GL biogenesis in determining their specificity and affinity. This understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between proteins and GLs opens the way to optimizations for biotechnological applications, notably in the production and purification of hydrophobic proteins
2
Pilatone, A. "MOLECULAR CONTROL OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN DEVELOPMENT IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/233859.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Several articles published in literature show that the genes belonging to the MADS-box transcription factors family play important roles during flower development. In particular the genes belonging to the AGAMOUS subfamily, are involved in the development of stamens, carpels, and ovules but also have a function in floral meristem determinacy. Despite the extensive knowledge that has become available about these MADS domain transcription factors in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, little was known about these genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.), a model species for monocots.
In rice, the AGAMOUS subfamily, recently studied in detail, is composed of the genes OsMADS3 and OsMADS58, phylogenetically placed in the AG-lineage, and OsMADS13 and OsMADS21, belonging to the STK-lineage. Therefore, we decided to investigate the functional conservation of these genes between Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, two species that are quite distant from an evolutionary point of view.
First, we performed in situ hybridization experiments and found that OsMADS3 and OsMADS58 displayed an expression pattern very similar to AGAMOUS. Then, we started to analyse single and higher order knock-out and knock-down mutants of osmads3 and osmads58, and found different phenotypic alteration affecting reproductive organs. In the osmads3 mutant the formation of stamens and carpel is partially affected, whereas in the osmads58 single mutant we didn’t find any visible alteration in the morphology of the flower. When we investigated the osmads3 osmads58 double mutant, we observed a severer phenotype than the osmads3 single mutants indicating a certain level of redundancy between these genes. The identity of the third and fourth whorls was completely lost, and stamens and carpels were replaced, respectively, by lodicule and ectopic palea-like structures. In addition, in the osmads3 osmads58 double mutant the floral meristem was indeterminate. Recently, it was shown that the rice STK-lineage gene OsMADS13 also plays a role in meristem determinacy (Dreni et al., 2007). To test the functionally redundancy of AGAMOUS subfamily genes in floral meristem determinacy, we crossed osmads13 with osmads3 and osmads58 to obtain the double mutants. In both cases we observed a complete loss of floral meristem determinacy. We also generated and analysed the triple mutant osmads3 omads13 osmads58, in which we found an increased development of the palea-like organ which develops in place of the carpel.
OsMADS13 is specifically expressed in the ovary during all developmental stages, and the single mutant is female sterile because the ovules are converted into carpelloid structures, moreover as mentioned above the floral meristem is partially indeterminate (Dreni et al., 2007).
From these results obtained in this first part of my PhD project we concluded that OsMADS3, OsMADS58 and OsMADS13 redundantly control floral meristem determinacy, and that OsMADS3 and OsMADS58 are essential for the development of stamens and carpel in rice. In conclusion we confirmed our hypothesis that the AGAMOUS-like genes are highly conserved between monocots and dicots plants (Dreni et al., 2011).
In the second part of my PhD project, we focused our attention on the rice’s ovule identity gene OsMADS13 and we tried to identify its direct target genes. In order to find genes that are mis-regulated in the female sterile osmads13 mutant, we compared the transcriptomic changes between WT and osmads13 inflorescences by Next Generation Sequencing (RNA-seq). The output of the analysis conducted by the bioinformatics team of Dott. David Horner, was a list of 475 differentially expressed genes with a “False Discovery Rate” (FDR) cut-off value lower than 0.05. Furthermore, we looked to the Gene Ontology to select the ones with an annotated function, we selected genes that are mainly expressed during reproductive stages and also looked for putative Arabidopsis orthologs involved in flower development. Since MADS domain proteins recognize and bind CArG boxes [CC(A/T)6GG], we further reduced our list selecting genes with putative MADS-domain binding sequences in their regulatory regions. From this selection we obtained 45 interesting genes that we validate using high-throughput RT-qPCR approach (Fluidigm technology).
Subsequently, using Laser Micro-Dissection (LMD), we collected cells of the superficial layer of the floral meristem and ovule primordia from wild-type and mutant flowers to further analyse the expression levels of selected genes in the OsMADS13 expression domain. This is especially important since in the osmads13 mutant ovules are homeotically converted into carpels. Profiling expression differences between wild-type and mutant inflorescences gives the risk that we are comparing ovules with carpels. Therefore, to further reduce our gene list of candidate target genes involved in early phases of ovule development we used LMD to dissect early stage ovule primordia. Using this dissected material a high-throughput RT-qPCR approach was used (publication in preparation).
The aim of the last part of my PhD project was to produce a transgenic line carrying the construct pOsMADS13::OsMADS13(genomic)::GFP in order to use commercial α-GFP for ChIP assay, to confirm the direct binding of OsMADS13 to putative targets. For this reason, we transformed rice calli carrying the osmads13 mutation in homozygous state, and at the moment we are analysing the transformed plants for GFP expression. So far we have analysed several positive plants but we found GFP expression in the ovary only in a few lines. When the construct complements the osmads13 phenotype we will soon collect seeds from these positive T0 lines, and then we can start with the ChIP analysis using T1 young panicles.
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Sedlacek, Theresa D. "A Possible Role of Ascorbate in Boron Deficient Radish (Raphanus sativa L. cv. Cherry Belle)". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2867/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The most apparent symptom of boron deficiency in higher plants is a cessation of growth. Deficiency causes a reduction in ascorbate concentration and the absorption of nutrient ions. Addition of ascorbate temporarily relieves deficiency symptoms. In boron sufficient plants the addition of ascorbate to media causes an increased uptake of nutrients. In an attempt to discover if ascorbate addition to deficient plants causes increased ion uptake, radish plants were grown hydroponically in four different strengths of boron solution. A colorimetric assay for phosphorus was performed both before and after supplementation. Results, however, were inconclusive.
4
Ouhibi, Chayma. "Effets des rayonnements UV-C sur la réponse de la laitue romaine Lactuca sativa var Claudius aux contraintes biotoques et abiotiques". Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0333/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Appliqués à forte dose, les rayonnements UV-C sont délétères, alors que administrés à faibles doses, ces memes rayonnements stimulent des réponses bénéfiques. Ce phénomène est connu sous le nom d’hormesis et la dose bénéfique est qualifiée d’hormique. L’application des faibles doses d’UV-C sur les fruits et les légumes en post-récolte a permis donc d’augmenter leur résistance vis à vis des pathogènes (Charles et al, 2008), d’améliorer leur qualité nutritionnelle (Mercier et al, 2001) et d’améliorer leur rendement et leur croissance (Siddiqui et al, 2011). Ces travaux ont été réalisés sur des espèces différentes. Dans le cadre de ma thèse, nous avons traité une seule espèce de laitues romaines var Claudius après récolte avec une dose non délétère d’UV-C (0.85kJ.m-2) puis nous avons évalué son effet sur leur aspect de résistance aux champignons Botrytis cinerea (BC87) et Sclerotinia minor (SM), sur leurs valeurs nutritionnelles au cours du stockage et sur leurs réponses à la contrainte saline du milieu. L’analyse de tous les résultats obtenus,a mis en évidence que la dose d’UV-C choisie diminue la sensibilité de la laitue romaine à ces deux agents pathogènes (Ouhibi et al. 2014a), améliore sa valeur nutritionnelle en augmentant la concentration des composées phénoliques et de l’acide ascorbique et acquière aux plantes provenant de grains prétraitées aux UV-C un meilleur potentiel d'adaptation à la contrainte saline (Ouhibi et al, 2014 b). Le traitement des plantes avec une dose d’UV-C non délétère permet d’agir de façon bénéfique et simultanément sur différents processus physiologiquesApplied in high doses, UV-C radiations are harmful, while administered at low doses, these same radiations stimulate beneficial answers. This phenomenon is known as hormesis and the beneficial dose is qualified hormic. The application of low doses of UV-C on fruits and vegetables in post harvest enhances resistance against pathogens (Charles et al, 2008), improve their nutritional quality (Mercier et al, 2001) and their performance to grow (Siddiqui et al, 2011). This works were carried out on different species. In my thesis, we treated a single species of romaine lettuce var claudius after harvest with a non-harmful dose of UV-C (0.85kJ.m-2) and we evaluated its effect on resistance to Botrytis cinerea (BC87) and Sclerotinia minor (SM), in their nutritional value during storage and their responses to salt stress. The analysis of all the results obtained showed that the UV-C dose decreases the sensitivity of romaine lettuce to these two pathogens (Ouhibi et al. 2014a), improve nutritional value by increasing the content in phenolic compound, in ascorbic acid and acquire to plants from seeds pre-treated with UV-C greater potential for adaptation to salt stress (Ouhibi et al, 2014 b)
5
Tardón, Machuca Alejandro Antonio. "Efecto de la radiación UV-C sobre la calidad en brotes de alfalfa (medicago sativa L.) conservados en atmósferas modificadas". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112331.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Memoria para optar al título profesional
de Ingeniero AgrónomoLa industria de hortalizas mínimamente procesadas en fresco (MPF) utiliza comúnmente lavados con hipoclorito de sodio (NaClO) para disminuir la carga microbiana del producto, sin embargo, éste genera subproductos perjudiciales para la salud. Por esto, la necesidad de encontrar nuevas tecnologías emergentes y sostenibles como la radiación UV-C. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de diferentes dosis de radiación UV-C sobre la calidad de brotes de alfalfa envasados en atmósfera modificada. Se realizaron dos ensayos utilizando bolsas de baja y alta permeabilidad. Los brotes fueron lavados con agua potable y tratados con UV-C en dosis de 0,35, 5,26, 10,18, 15,09 y 20,01 kJ m-2. Tras la aplicación del tratamiento UV-C, los brotes se envasaron en atmósfera modificada y se almacenaron a 5 °C por 8 días. Como testigo se utilizaron brotes lavados con NaClO (100 mg L-1) y envasados de la misma forma. Se evaluó la tasa respiratoria, composición gaseosa al interior de las bolsas, color, análisis microbiológico y sensorial. La combinación de radiación UV-C con bolsas de baja permeabilidad no fue efectiva para mantener la calidad en los brotes de alfalfa. La tasa respiratoria de los brotes no se vio afectada por las dosis de radiación utilizadas. La concentración gaseosa al interior de las bolsas registró valores de 19 a 23% CO2 y 1,5% para O2 tras 8 días, no influyendo las distintas dosis de radiación utilizadas. Los tratamientos con NaClO y en especial el tratamiento en bolsa perforada, reflejaron un menor pardeamiento en comparación a los tratamientos con dosis elevadas de UV-C (15,09 y 20,01 kJ m-2). El tratamiento con dosis de 20,01 kJ m-2 obtuvo los recuentos más elevados en mésofilos y psicrófilos, mientras que en enterobacterias, Lactobacillus, además de hongos y levaduras no existieron diferencias entre los distintos tratamientos, no obstante los conteos se encontraron dentro de los límites permitidos. La calidad sensorial de los brotes no registró diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, sin embargo presentaron un deterioro evidente fuera de los límites de aceptabilidad fijados, teniendo un potencial de almacenamiento no superior a 4 o 5 días. Las bolsas de alta permeabilidad en conjunto con la aplicación de radiación UV-C, fueron efectivas para mantener la calidad general en brotes de alfalfa. La tasa respiratoria no se vio afectada por las distintas dosis de radiación utilizada. Al interior de las bolsas, se registraron concentraciones gaseosas de 2 a 3% para CO2 y 4 a 8% para O2 luego de 8 días. La radiación UV-C permitió mantener el color de los brotes, registrando diferencias sólo los tratamientos 10,18 y 20,01 kJ m-2 que presentaron un color más intenso (mayor C*), mientras que la L y Hab se mantuvieron sin diferencias significativas. Las dosis (15,09 y 20,01 kJ m-2) proporcionaron un control efectivo sobre el crecimiento de mesófilos, psicrófilos, enterobacterias, además de hongos y levaduras, mientras que dosis bajas y medias de radiación registraron conteos más elevados. Las distintas dosis de radiación UVC permitieron mantener la calidad sensorial de los brotes. La apariencia y turgencia se mantuvieron dentro de los rangos “más que regular” a “buena”, la intensidad de color dentro del rangos “bueno” a “muy bueno” y la presencia de sabores extraños dentro de los rangos “sin sabor” a “muy suave”, dentro de los límites permitidos.
The minimally processed fresh vegetables (MPF) industry commonly uses sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) washings to reduce the microbial load. However, it generates harmful by-products to health. Therefore, it is necessary to study new emerging and sustainable technologies such as the UV-C radiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying different UV-C radiation doses on the quality of germinated alfalfa in modified atmosphere packaging. Two trials were conducted using low and high permeability bags. The germinated alfalfa was washed with water and treated with 0.35, 5.26, 10.18, 15.09 and 20.01 kJ m-2 UV-C doses. Then, the germinated alfalfa was packed in modified atmosphere and stored at 5 °C for 8 d. Control outbreaks were washed with NaClO (100 mg L-1) and packaged in the same way. The respiration rate, atmosphere composition, colour, microbiological and sensory quality were evaluated. The combination of UV-C radiation with low permeability bags was not effective in maintaining the germinated alfalfa quality. The respiration rate was not affected by the UVC radiation doses. The atmosphere composition inside the bags showed values ranging from 19 to 23% CO2 and 1.5% O2 after 8 d, but it was not influenced by the different UV-C radiation doses. The treatments with NaClO and specially the treatment in perforated bag showed less enzymatic browning compared to germinated alfalfa treated with high UV-C doses (15.09 and 20.01 kJ m-2). Treatment with 20.01 kJ m-2 doses reported the highest counts for mesophilic and psycrophilic microorganisms, while enterobacteria, Lactobacillus, yeasts and fungi did not show significantly statistical differences between treatments and the values were within the legal permitted limits. The sensory quality of the germinated alfalfa did not differ significantly between treatments, but showed a clear deterioration beyond the set limits for acceptability, having a storage potential no longer than 4 or 5 d. The bags of high permeability in conjunction with UV-C radiation were effective in maintaining the overall quality of germinated alfalfa. The respiration rate was not affected by the UV-C radiation doses. The internal atmosphere composition was 2 to 3% CO2 and 4 to 8% O2 after 8 d. Treatments with UV-C radiation doses at 10.18 and 20.01 kJ m-2 allowed the outbreak colour to be preserved. However, germinated alfalfa treated at 20.01 kJ m-2 had a deeper colour (higher C*), while L and Hab stayed without statistical significantly differences. Doses at 15.09 and 20.01 kJ m-2 provided an effective growth control for mesophilic, psycrophilic, enterobacteria, fungi and yeasts, while low and medium UV-C radiation doses reported higher counts. Different UV-C radiation doses maintained the sensory quality of germinated alfalfa. Grades for appearance and turgidity ranged from "rather than regular" to "good", while colour intensity was graded as "good" to "very good" and off flavours ranged from "no flavour" to "too soft", within the set permitted limits.
6
Luna, Inca Ruth Isabel. "Efecto combinado de la luz UV-C y envases activos estafa antimicrobianos naturales sobre hojas de rúcula "Baby" (Eruca sativa)". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148797.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Mención Producción AgroindustrialEn los últimos años se ha incrementado la demanda de productos mínimamente procesadas en fresco, existiendo una real necesidad de encontrar alternativas de conservación que eviten el uso de antimicrobianos sintéticos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de envases activos con distintas concentraciones de antimicrobianos naturales (citral y carvacrol) y posteriormente, combinar la luz UV-C (10 kJm-2) utilizada como pretratamiento, con los envases activos seleccionados, sobre rúcula “baby” (Eruca sativa). La concentración atmosférica al interior de las bolsas (CO2 y O2) no se vio afectada por las dosis de citral (Ci: 100, 150 y 350 μL) ni de carvacrol (Ca: 75, 100 y 150 μL) evaluadas. El efecto antimicrobiano del citral fue positivo sólo en los 3 primeros días de conservación; mientras que la mayor inhibición microbiológica se logró con el tratamiento 75 Ca. El color de la rúcula en los envases activos no presentó variación entre tratamientos con el tiempo; sin embargo, el testigo BP tendió a mostrar hojas más claras. El contenido fenólico y la capacidad antioxidante no fue afectado por el citral; mientras que los tratamientos 75 y 100 Ca presentaron un mayor contenido fenólico y capacidad antioxidante respecto del control. El último ensayo combinó UV-C con los envases activos con las dosis seleccionadas de antimicrobianos (150 Ci; 75 Ca; mezcla 150 Ci + 75 Ca). La concentración de O2 disminuyó rápidamente y visualmente las hojas no fueron afectadas. La aplicación de UV-C con la mezcla de antimicrobianos resultó ser más efectiva para reducir microorganismos aerobios mesófilos, enterobacterias y psicrótrofos. El contenido de fenoles y la vitamina C no se vieron afectados por los tratamientos, a diferencia de la capacidad antioxidante que disminuyó. Los envases activos con antimicrobianos naturales y el UV-C, podrían aportar como una técnica de métodos combinados innovadora para retrasar el crecimiento microbiano, manteniendo el color verde en ensaladas de rúcula “baby”
In recent years, the demand for minimally processed fresh products has increased and there is a real need to find preservation alternatives that avoid the use of synthetic antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active packaging with different concentrations of natural antimicrobials (citral and carvacrol) and then to combine the UV-C light (10 kJ m-2) used as pre-treatment, with the selected active packages on baby arugula (Eruca sativa). The atmospheric concentration inside the bags (CO2 and O2) was not affected by the evaluated doses of citral (Ci: 100, 150 and 350 μL) or carvacrol (Ca: 75, 100 and 150 μL). The antimicrobial effect of citral was positive only in the first 3 days of storage, while most microbiological inhibition was achieved with 75 Ca treatment. The color of arugula in active packaging showed no variation between treatments over time, but the control (BP) tended to show clear leaves. The phenolic content and antioxidant activity were not affected by citral, while the 75 and 100 Ca treatments had a higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity compared to the control. The last test combined UV-C with active packaging with selected antimicrobial doses (150 Ci; 75 Ca; mix 75 150 Ci + Ca). The O2 concentration decreased rapidly and visually the leaves were not affected. The application of UV-C with the mixture of antimicrobials was more effective in reducing aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms and enterobacteria. The content of phenols and vitamin C were not affected by the treatments, unlike antioxidant activity which decreased. Active packaging with natural antimicrobials and UV-C could contribute as an innovative technique of combined methods to retard microbial growth, maintaining the green color of baby arugula salads.
7
Casado, Marie. "Studies of HEI10 dosage effect on the regulation of meiotic recombination in 2 Brassicaceae allopolyploid crops (C. sativa and B. napus)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB056.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La méiose est un processus essentiel pour le maintien de la fertilité mais aussi la création de diversité par la génération de nouvelles combinaisons alléliques via les cross-overs (CO). Récemment, de plus en plus d’éléments insistent sur l’importance du dosage des protéines méiotiques dans la régulation de la formation des CO. Allant dans ce sens, j’ai étudié pendant ma thèse l’effet dosage de la protéine méiotique HEI10 sur la formation du nombre de CO, chez 2 Brassicacées allopolyploïdes : le colza et la cameline, présentant respectivement 5 et 3 copies d’HEI10. J’ai ainsi pu montrer qu’HEI10 est indispensable à la formation des CO de classe I chez la cameline ainsi que confirmer son effet dosage. Des résultats inattendus ont été obtenus pour de faibles doses d’HEI10, insistant sur l’apport des espèces polyploïdes pour de telles études. J’ai aussi travaillé sur la génération de lignées inductrices d’haploïdes, outils utiles pour l’étude de la recombinaison homéologues, chez ces 2 espèces en générant des lignées mutées dmpMeiotic regulation is an essential process not only for maintaining fertility, but also for creating diversity through the generation of new allelic combinations via cross-overs (CO). Recently, more and more evidence has emerged in support of the importance of meiotic protein dosage in the regulation of CO formation. With this in mind, during my thesis, I studied the effect of meiotic protein HEI10 dosage on CO formation in 2 allopolyploid Brassicaceae: rapeseed and camelina, with carry 5 and 3 copies of HEI10 respectively. I was thus able to show that HEI10 is essential for the formation of class I CO in camelina, and to confirm its dosage effect. Unexpected results were shown for low doses of HEI10, emphasizing the contribution of polyploid species for such studies. I also worked on the generation of haploid-inducing lines, useful tools for the study of homoeologous recombination, in these 2 species by generating dmp mutated lines
8
DELAVAULT, OLIVIA. "Repartition du bois de tension et strategies d'occupation de l'espace : le cas de eperua falcata aubl. (caesalpiniaceae) et castanea sativa x c. crenata (fagaceae)". Paris, ENGREF, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENGR0010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce memoire de these presente les aspects architecturaux, mecaniques et ultrastructuraux d'une analyse anatomique du bois de tension. Connaissant la responsabilite de ce bois dans les phenomenes de reorientation des axes, les interpretations statiques et dynamiques de sa repartition longitudinale chez de jeunes wapas, nous ont conduit a lui reconnaitre une participation active dans la dynamique de croissance des arbres. Afin d'oberver le comportement d'un arbre, nous avons elabore une approche experimentale basee sur des suivis de croissance d'un jeune rejet de chataignier. Cette methodologie a permis d'associer, grace a la repartition du bois de tension dans les axes, des evenements dates lors des observations regulieres et les evenements lus dans le bois. Nous avons egalement mis en evidence une equivalence qualitative entre les deformations de maturation, estimees a la peripherie de wapas d'ages differents, et la presence de bois de tension, a l'aide d'une modelisation basee sur des cartographies de la repartition angulaire de ce bois. Les deformations de maturation peuvent reveler d'importantes variations longitudinales et circonferentielles, et etre correlees a la morphologie des arbres. Enfin, dans une caracterisation parietale du bois de tension, nous avons decrit la variabilite de ce bois en fonction des facteurs juvenilite-maturite, duraminisation et individualite. Cette approche ultrastructurale nous a permis de definir differents facies de bois de tension chez le wapa, caracterisables par l'epaisseur de la couche gelatineuse de leurs fibres et des rapports de surface
9
Mantai, Rubia Diana. "Modelagem matemática da produção em aveia pelo aproveitamento do nitrogênio nos sistemas de cultivo". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIJUI, 2013. http://bibliodigital.unijui.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1639.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
No sul do Brasil a aveia branca é considerada um cereal de múltiplos propósitos. Como
cobertura proporciona melhorias nas condições físico-químicas do solo. Na alimentação
animal evidencia grande qualidade nutricional tanto no pastejo direto ou processado na forma
de feno e silagem. No consumo humano vem recebendo grandes destaques por representar
propriedades que qualificam o grão da aveia como alimento funcional. No entanto, para que a
produção de biomassa da planta e dos grãos seja maximizada a adubação nitrogenada é
fundamental, visto que, é o nutriente mais solicitado pela aveia. Portanto, um fator decisivo na
qualidade e produtividade da cultura. Neste contexto, a dose ajustada de N a ser
disponibilizada deve ser investigada buscando minimizar os excessos que comprometem a
qualidade ambiental e oneram o produtor, e o que representaria um déficit que compromete a
máxima expressão de biomassa e grãos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar modelos que
permitam elucidar a dinâmica de expressão nos caracteres de produção da aveia branca pelo
aproveitamento de N-fertilizante e residual nos sistemas de cultivo e que evidencie alta e
reduzida relação C/N como cobertura residual. Assim, buscar nesta espécie um ajuste mais
aprimorado de interação com o nitrogênio buscando maximizar a produção e acúmulo de
matéria seca total ao longo do desenvolvimento da planta associada a estímulos
agrometeorológicos para inferências às condições regionais do noroeste do estado do Rio
Grande do Sul. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo no Instituto Regional de
Desenvolvimento Rural/IRDeR, localizado em Augusto Pestana, RS, pertencente ao
Departamento de Estudos Agrários da UNIJUÍ. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em duas
safras agrícolas em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições
de arranjo fatorial 4 X 2 no sistema soja/aveia e milho/aveia. Neste sentido, as fontes de
variação e seus respectivos níveis estão assim representadas: Doses de nitrogênio: 0, 30, 60 e
120 kg ha-1 e Cultivares de Aveia: Barbarasul e Brisasul avaliadas nos anos de 2011 e 2012.
As equações lineares mostraram que a maior tendência de crescimento frente a taxa diária de
produção de biomassa dia-1 nas doses de N-fertilizante pelas cultivares de aveia nem sempre
estão diretamente ligadas a maior produtividade de grãos. Portanto, a análise da taxa de
biomassa na análise do aproveitamento do nitrogênio deve ser acompanhada dos valores
médios de rendimento de grãos. Além disto, observa-se que a cultivar Brisasul se mostra
como de maior eficiência fisiológica no aproveitamento do N para a produção de grãos
independente do sistema e anos de cultivo. Para a interpretação da dinâmica do nitrogênio nos
componentes fisiológicos da aveia, verificou-se que as equações lineares são as que melhor
descrevem o rendimento biológico e de palha, mostrando acréscimos nas variáveis estudadas
quando a dose disponibilizada variando de 0 até 120 Kg de nitrogênio por hectare. Por outro
lado, as equações quadráticas se mostraram ajustadas em explicar o rendimento de grãos e o
índice de colheita nos distintos anos de cultivo. No sistema soja/aveia como o milho/aveia as
modificações ocorridas nos caracteres da inflorescência da aveia pelo incremento das doses de
adubação nitrogenada qualificam a massa de panícula e de grãos da panícula como as de
maior sensibilidade em promover alterações. Inclusive, a correlação e trilha no ambiente com
baixa relação C/N mostraram eficiência da massa de grãos em trazer maiores efeitos diretos
positivos no rendimento de grãos, assim como, no índice de colheita, com elevados efeitos
diretos sobre o RG e indiretos via massa de grãos da panícula. Os modelos de regressão linear
múltipla qualificam a estimativa da produção de grãos, principalmente, quando incluído no
modelo a dose do N-fertilizante e ao menos uma ou mais varáveis da panícula. Portanto, em
condição com baixa relação C/N o índice de colheita da panícula se mostra eficiente para
inclusão no modelo múltiplo, e em doses de N mais elevadas, sugere também a inclusão do
NGP. Contudo, em ambiente de alta relação C/N, indica-se o índice de colheita da panícula
independente das doses empregadas. Contudo, num modelo geral, o N e o sistema de cultivo
são variáveis significativas para uso pela regressão múltipla. Os coeficientes de
desenvolvimento do trigo que foram validados e que empregam a temperatura e o fotoperíodo
para simulação se mostraram indicados para uso em aveia nestas condições de cultivo.
Portanto, o modelo WE-Streck empregado para simular o desenvolvimento de trigo se
mostrou adequado quando empregado para aveia.164 f.
10
Morais, Júnior Odilon Peixoto de. "Seleção recorrente genômica como estratégia para aceleração de ganhos genéticos em arroz". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7168.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Genetic gains for quantitative traits associated with the maintenance of genetic variability are important factors in recurrent selection programs. With advances in the area of statistical genomics, selection strategies potentially faster to achieve genetic gains are being developed, such as genomic selection. Using a subtropical population of irrigated rice (CNA12S), conducted during three cycles of recurrent selection, this study had as general objective to evaluate the potential of use of genomic recurrent selection (GRS) in a rice breeding program. Three specific studies were developed. In the first chapter, the efficiency of the genotypic recurrent selection (RS) used in the Embrapa’s rice breeding program was evaluated, in order to obtain genetic gains and maintain the population genetic variability. Ten yield trials of S1:3 progenies were used in the analyses. The evaluated traits were grain yield, plant height and days-to-flowering. Variance and covariance components were obtained using Bayesian approach. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers, the population diversity and genetic structure also were estimated. Adjusted means of progenies in each cycle were computed and, genetic progress was estimated by generalized linear regression using frequentist approach. The magnitudes of effective population size and genetic variance indicated maintenance of genetic variability over selection cycles. The genetic progress achieved for grain yield was 760 kg ha-1 per cycle (1.95% per year), and for days-to-flowering, it was -6.3 days per cycle (-1.28% per year). It was concluded that the genetic progress already achieved and the genetic variability available in the population demonstrate the efficiency of RS in the improvement of rice populations. In the second chapter, in the context of genomic selection, the relative efficiency of GRS on RS was assessed, as well as the accuracy of different models of genomic prediction, in order to propose a GRS scheme for population breeding of self-pollinating species such as rice. In this study, the genetic material was the S1:3 progenies yield trial of the third selection cycle. From a group of 196 progenies that were phenotyped for eight traits with different heritabilities and genetic architectures, a group of 174 progenies was genotyped for SNP markers. Ten predictive models were fitted to the data set. The proposed GRS scheme, when compared to the RS method, showed higher efficiency, especially in genetic gain per unit of time. From the predictive models assessed, HBLUP (hybrid best linear unbiased prediction, using hybrid relationship matrix based in pedigree and SNP markers) and RForest (random forest) have greater potential for genomic prediction in irrigated rice, given the high accuracy of their predictions for a number of traits. The HBLUP model was notoriously superior for more complex traits, such as grain yield, while RForest stood out for less complex traits. The high extent of linkage disequilibrium in the population suggests that the marker density employed (approximately one SNP per 60 kb) is enough for the practice of genomic selection in populations with similar genetic structure. In the third chapter, the objective was to extend a class of HBLUP models based on reaction norm, in context of multi-environmental trials with genotype x environment interaction, for accommodation of hybrid genetic relationship and information of the assessed environments. The accuracy of alternative models for multi-environmental predictions was evaluated, as well as the relative importance of structures of additive and multiplicative components, using genetic relationship information and environmental covariates. This strategy allowed to evaluate the influence of different approaches to group the genetic-environmental information on the accuracy of models for prediction of breeding value of progenies for agronomic traits. The data consisted of the same ten trial of S1:3 progenies, carried out during three recurrent selection cycles. Six predictive HBLUP models of reaction norm were considered, using genetic and environmental covariates, as well as interactions between these effects. Genomic information was derived from SNP markers obtained for the 174 progenies of the third selection cycle. The 401 environmental covariates, the genetic information (hybrid genetic relationship) and the interactions among these effects explained an important portion of the phenotypic variance, allowing an increase in the predictive accuracy of models. The use of genetic information and environmental covariates only from the respective selection cycle is enough for accurate predictions of unphenotyped progenies, even in non-sampled environments. This is the first study to take into account simultaneously hybrid genetic relationship, stemming from pedigree information plus SNP markers, and environmental covariates in multi-environmental models based on reaction norm for breeding value prediction in target environments of a recurrent selection program.
A obtenção de ganhos genéticos para caracteres quantitativos associada à manutenção da variabilidade genética são fatores importantes em programas de seleção recorrente. Com os avanços no campo da estatística genômica, estratégias de seleção potencialmente mais rápidas para alcance de ganhos genéticos estão sendo desenvolvidas, como a seleção genômica. Partindo-se de uma população subtropical de arroz irrigado (CNA12S), conduzida durante três ciclos de seleção recorrente, este estudo teve como objetivo geral avaliar o potencial de emprego do esquema de seleção recorrente genômica (GRS) em programas de melhoramento genético de arroz. Três estudos específicos foram desenvolvidos. No primeiro deles, avaliou-se a eficiência do esquema de seleção recorrente genotípica (RS) utilizado no programa de melhoramento de arroz da Embrapa, na obtenção de ganhos genéticos e manutenção da variabilidade genética populacional. O material experimental utilizado constituiu-se de dez ensaios de rendimento de progênies S1:3 associadas a cada ciclo de seleção. Os caracteres avaliados foram produtividade de grãos, altura de planta e número de dias até o florescimento. Componentes de variância e covariância foram obtidos via abordagem Bayesiana e, com uso de marcadores SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) associados às progênies, também a diversidade e a estrutura genética populacional. Médias ajustadas de progênies em cada ciclo foram computadas e, por regressão linear generalizada, estimou-se o progresso genético, via abordagem frequentista. As magnitudes do tamanho efetivo populacional e da variância genética indicaram manutenção da variabilidade genética ao longo dos ciclos de seleção. O progresso genético alcançado para produtividade de grãos foi de 760 kg ha-1 por ciclo (1,95 % ao ano) e para dias para florescimento, -6,3 dias por ciclo (-1,28 % ao ano). Concluiu-se que, o progresso genético já alcançado e a variabilidade genética disponível na população demonstram a eficiência de RS no melhoramento de populações de arroz. Num segundo estudo, no contexto de seleção genômica, avaliou-se a eficiência relativa de GRS sobre o esquema de RS; além da acurácia de diferentes modelos de predição genômica, buscando-se propor um esquema de GRS para melhoramento populacional de espécies autógamas como o arroz. Nesse estudo, o material genético foi composto por um ensaio de rendimento de progênies S1:3 do terceiro ciclo de seleção. Do grupo de 196 progênies fenotipadas para oito caracteres, com herdabilidades e arquiteturas genéticas diferentes, um grupo de 174 progênies foi genotipado para marcadores SNP. Dez modelos preditivos foram ajustados ao conjunto de dados. O esquema de GRS, quando comparado ao de RS, apresentou maior eficiência, sobretudo em ganho genético por unidade de tempo. Dos modelos preditivos avaliados, HBLUP (hybrid best linear unbiased prediction, com uso de matriz híbrida de parentesco baseada em pedigree e marcadores SNP) e RForest (random forest) apresentaram maior potencial para predição genômica, haja vista a elevada acurácia de suas predições para maior número de caracteres. O modelo HBLUP foi notoriamente superior para caracteres mais complexos, como produtividade de grãos, enquanto RForest destacou-se para caracteres menos complexos. A alta extensão do desequilíbrio de ligação na população sugere que a densidade de marcadores empregada (aproximadamente um SNP por 60 kb) é suficiente para a prática de predição genômica em populações com estrutura genética similar. No terceiro estudo buscou-se estender uma classe de modelos preditivos HBLUP baseados em norma de reação (contexto de ensaios multiambientais com interação genótipos × ambientes), para acomodar informações de parentesco e de covariáveis associadas aos ambientes de avaliação. Assim, avaliouse a acurácia preditiva de modelos alternativos para predições multiambientais, bem como a importância relativa de estruturas de componentes aditivos e multiplicativos; além da influência de diferentes abordagens de agrupamento de informações genético-ambientais sobre a acurácia dos modelos. O material genético constituiu-se nos mesmos dez ensaios de rendimento de progênies S1:3, conduzidos durante três ciclos de seleção recorrente. Foi considerada uma sequência de seis modelos preditivos de norma de reação, do tipo HBLUP, com uso de covariáveis genéticas e ambientais, além de interações entre esses efeitos. A informação genômica foi proveniente de marcadores SNP obtidos por genotipagem de 173 progênies do terceiro ciclo de seleção. As covariáveis ambientais (num total de 401), informações genéticas (parentesco híbrido) e as interações entre esses efeitos explicaram importante porção da variância fenotípica, o que possibilitou aumento da acurácia preditiva dos modelos. O emprego de informações genéticas e de covariáveis ambientais apenas do respectivo ciclo de seleção mostrou-se suficiente para predições acuradas do desempenho de progênies não fenotipadas, mesmo em ambientes não amostrados. Este estudo é pioneiro em considerar conjuntamente parentesco híbrido, oriundo de informações de pedigree mais marcadores SNP, e covariáveis ambientais em modelos multiambientais baseados em norma de reação, para predição de valor genético em ambientes-alvo de programas de seleção recorrente.
Libri sul tema "C. sativa"
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Chahoud, Anna. C. Lucilii reliquiarum concordantiae. Hildesheim: Olms-Weidmann, 1998.
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Debartzch, Pierre-Dominique. Vie politique de Mr. ******** ex-membre de la Chambre d'assemblée du BC &c &c &c: Écrite par lui même à la sollicitation de Mr. son frère et à lui adressée par l'auteur sous le titre modeste de Confidences d'un frère à son frère, ou Dix années de mes erreurs passées; avec cette épigraphe: "Lis et rougis pour nous deux". [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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Rhinelander, McCarl Mary, a cura di. The plowman's tale: The c. 1532 and 1606 editions of a spurious Canterbury tale. New York: Garland Pub., 1997.
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Baldwin, Joseph G. The flush times of Alabama and Mississippi: A series of sketches. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987.
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Marck, Johannes à. Iohannis Marckii scripturariae exercitationes ad quinque & viginti selecta loca veteris testamenti. Argumenta quaedam praecipua, de Chami culpa & Canahanis maledictione, Hesavi servitute sub Iacobo, bello Hamalekitico, quarti praecepti natura, serpentinorum morsuum sanatione mira, iardenis transitu Israëlitico, solis lunaeque statione, umbra solaris regressu, satana Iobum affligente, &c. Paulo plenius exponuntur, & quorundum textuum analyses exegeticae miscentur. Alexandria, VA: Alexander Street Press, 2007.
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Lang, H. Jack, e Lincoln Abraham. Wit & Wisdom of Abraham Lincoln: As Reflected in His Letters And Speeches. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005.
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Abraham, Lincoln. The wit and wisdom of Abraham Lincoln. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications, 2005.
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Abraham, Lincoln. The wit & wisdom of Abraham Lincoln: A treasury of quotations, anecdotes, and observations. New York: Gramercy Books, 1999.
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Pratchett, Terry. Soul music: A novel of discworld. New York: HarperPrism, 1995.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "C. sativa"
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Wahby, Imane, Juan Manuel Caba e Francisco Ligero. "Hairy Root Culture as a Biotechnological Tool in C. sativa". In Cannabis sativa L. - Botany and Biotechnology, 299–317. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54564-6_14.
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Kiss, György B., Éva Vincze e Zoltán Vegh. "Isolation of Nodule Specific c-DNA Clones from Medicago sativa". In Molecular genetics of plant-microbe interactions, 108–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4482-4_22.
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Laes, Christian. "Iuvenalianam satiram ultimam quemadmodum suppleverit C. Arrius Nurus". In Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia, 767–80. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ipm-eb.5.112027.
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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., e Anna I. Glushenkova. "Melo sativus Sageret ex M. Roem. (Cucumis melo L., C. chaete Wall.)". In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, 316. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_977.
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Singhal, Samarth. "Tilted Views and C Sailo: A Study of Satire in Contemporary Indie Comics". In Materiality and Visuality in North East India, 169–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1970-0_10.
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"Cannabis sativa L. (Tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] + C)". In Checkliste Arzneimittel A–Z, a cura di Detlev Schneider e Frank Richling. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-82279.
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Sarkar, Anup Kumar, e Sanjoy Sadhukhan. "Role of Cannabis sativa L. in the Cosmetic Industry". In Cannabis sativa Cultivation, Production, and Applications in Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics, 81–100. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5718-4.ch006.
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Cannabis sativa L. is a flowering plant in the family Cannabaceae, and has been cultivated since ancient times for its fibres, oils, resins, dried inflorescences, and leaves. It can be used for a variety of industrial purposes. Over the years, the therapeutic and pharmacological efficacy of its phytoconstituents is shown in a variety of human diseases and health. The use and exploitation of the plant have sparked controversy; however, there are recent legalizations of its use for medical and other purposes in many countries within the corresponding legislative framework. In addition to this legalization, C. sativa is encouraging the very rapid growth of the cannabis oriented pharmaceutical industry. This chapter summarized recent developments in the science of C. sativa and its products about their industrial application, while also addressing gaps in the existing knowledge and future research directions for this high-value multi-use, and potential industrial plant with universal benefits.
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Odunayo Adejuwon, Adekunle, Marina Donova, Victoria Anatolyivna Tsygankova e Olubunmi Obayemi. "Characterisation of Endo-Polygalacturonases Activities of Rice (Oryza sativa) Fungal Pathogens in Nigeria, West Africa". In Grain and Seed Proteins Functionality. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94763.
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Rice (Oryza sativa) is cultivated in swampy geographical locations of tropical Nigeria, West Africa. Here it is infected by a host of fungal pathogens on the field or contaminated at postharvest. This has led to its loss and reduction in its production in both the national and global market. Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Rhizoctonia solani have recently been identified as the major fungal phytopathogens causing the deterioration of this grain on the field and at postharvest and affecting its production in Nigeria leading to gross capital loss. Hence the need to determine physiological control measures for the eradication of both phytopathogens on the field and at postharvest. In this study, tropical strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Rhizoctonia solani obtained from deteriorated rice (Oryza sativa) were grown in a growth nutrient medium composed of MgSo4.7H20, K2HPO4, FeSO4.7H20, potassium nitrate and pectin at 30°C. Endo-Polygalacturonase activities were produced by the fungal isolates in the growth medium within ten days. The endo-polygalacturonases from both fungi were purified by a combination of ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, gel filtration (on Sephadex G-100 column) and ion-exchange chromatography (on CM-Sephadex C-50 and CM-Sephadex C-25 columns). The molecular weight of endo-polygalacturonase from the Lasiodiplodia theobromae using Sephadex G-100 was estimated as 124,000 Daltons while that of the Rhizoctonia solani was estimated as 92,000 Daltons. The purified endo-polygalcuronase from the Lasiodiplodia theobromae exhibited optimum activity at 30°C and at pH 4.5 while that from the Rhizoctonia solani exhibited optimum activity at 32°C and at pH 5.0. The purified endo-polygalacturonases from both fungi exhibited optimum activities at 0.2% pectin concentration. They were stimulated by Ca2+ but inhibited by ethlylenediamine tetracetic acid (EDTA) and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The purified endo-polygalacturonase from the Lasiodiplodia theobromae lost 80% of its activity within 20 minutes of heat at 80°C. While the purified endo-polygalacturonase from the Rhizoctonia solani lost 82% of its activity within 20 minutes of heat at 80°C. Potassium nitrate as nitrogen source in the defined growth medium with pectin as carbon source supported highest activity of endo-polygalacturonase by the Lasiodiplodia theobromae while ammonium chloride as nitrogen source in the defined growth medium with pectin as carbon source supported highest activity of endo-polygalacturonase by the Rhizoctonia solani. In conclusion, the conditions inhibiting endo-polygalacturonases from Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Rhizoctonia solani capable of degrading the pectin portion of rice (Oryza sativa) can be adapted as feasible control measures limiting the infection and contamination of rice (Oryza sativa) by these phytopathogens on the field and at postharvest. Temperature and pH extreme from 30°C and pH 4.5 will be feasible inhibitory control measures for the growth of Lasiodiplodia theobromae on rice (Oryza sativa) in Nigeria while temperature and pH extreme from 32°C and pH 5.0 will inhibit growth of Rhizoctonia solani on the grain. These physiological conditions will preserve pectin in rice (Oryza sativa) from degradation by these two fungal phytopathogens.
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Mendes, Gabriel Cintra, Carla F. de Cerqueira, Julia Sampaio B. Fontes, Adriana Rodrigues Passos e Elielson Souza Rodrigues. "ESTUDO DAS CULTIVARES DE Cannabis sativa PARA FINS MEDICINAIS EM PRODUÇÃO “INDOOR”". In O Universo das Ciências Agrárias, 19–29. Editora Science, 2025. https://doi.org/10.56001/25.9786501378923.02.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise do cultivo de Cannabis sativa com fins medicinais em ambientes controlados (indoor) com enfoque na produção do canabidiol (CBD). Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que utilizou as principais bases de dados como Scielo, pubmed, etc. O CBD, é fundamental para o tratamento de doenças como epilepsia e esclerose múltipla. As condições de cultivo indoor analisadas foram desde a iluminação até a infecção por patógenos. Observou-se que fotoperíodos de no minimo 12 horas são eficazes para a floração da planta. Os controles fitossanitários são necessários para mitigar infecções por patógenos como Botrytis cinerea e Fusarium spp. O estudo contribui com subsídios técnicos para o aprimoramento do cultivo indoor da C. sativa.
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Pattabhiramaiah, Mahesh, Shanthala Mallikarjunaiah e Baishali Bedi Sarma. "Pros and Cons of Cannabinoids as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Treating Parkinson's Disease". In Medical Cannabis and the Effects of Cannabinoids on Fighting Cancer, Multiple Sclerosis, Epilepsy, Parkinson's, and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases, 218–35. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5652-1.ch009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Medical marijuana or cannabis is a psychedelic drug composed of highly lipophilic tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) components derived from the plant C. sativa and C. indica. Parkinson's disease (PD), in which interactivity of biochemical and cellular signaling pathways induces endogenous cannabinoid system, a neuromodulatory system, transmits specific physiological effects when coupled with G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) via type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) and type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2). Much recent research indicates that interactions between the cannabis system and dopamine in the basal ganglia area diminish levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) and other symptoms. Due to the limited number of pharmacological treatment options presently available for PD, in-depth research with clinical trials are crucial in the search for molecules with therapeutic potential studies in a wide range of epidemiological work for PD to increase neural transmission. This chapter reviews the mode of action of cannabinoids in PD.
Atti di convegni sul tema "C. sativa"
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"Agronomic Character Variability Among Upland Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)". In Multi-Conference Proceeding Series C. Galaxy Science, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2022.2610.
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Антонов, А. А. "ОЦЕНКА ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ СЕЛЕКЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА ВИКИ (Vicia L.) C ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ SRAP-МАРКЕРОВ". In Биотехнология в растениеводстве, животноводстве и сельскохозяйственной микробиологии, 16–17. Crossref, 2024. https://doi.org/10.48397/g7815-8630-6150-v.
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Вика – род бобовых трав, широко возделываемых в нашей стране на корм и в качестве зеленого удобрения. Наиболее распространенные виды – вика посевная (Vicia sativa L.) и вика мохнатая (Vicia villosa Roth.). Выведение адаптивных высокопродуктивных сортов нового поколения, обеспечивающих стабильные урожаи зеленой массы и семян – основная задача селекции.
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Gonçalves, Maria Eduarda Vilas Boas Dos Santos, Thaina Menegheti Nehme, Victória Alice Divino Dias, Sarah Cochut e Sandro Barbosa. "TESTES DE GERMINAÇÃO EM DIFERENTES GENÓTIPOS CANDIDATOS A BIOTESTES SIMULTÂNEOS EM BIOENSAIOS DE FITOTOXICIDADE". In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conbiotec/36.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introdução: Pesquisadores de diversas áreas da Ciência necessitam de diferentes biotestes para avaliar efeitos de compostos estudados no metabolismo dos organismos. Para ensaios de fitotoxicidade, em que se avaliam efeitos de amostras ambientais ou de extratos vegetais sobre a germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial de seedlings, estes biotestes são ainda mais restritos, pois devem apresentar homogeneidade, confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade. Na literatura, há muitos trabalhos indicando Allium cepa L. e Lactuca sativa L. por apresentarem esse perfil para esta linha de Pesquisa. Objetivo: Deste modo, esse trabalho teve por objetivo testar sementes de diferentes espécies, visando estipular qual entre estas apresenta melhor resposta de germinação. Material e métodos: Os bioensaios foram conduzidos em placas de Petri pequena, sendo os biotestes: Lactuca sativa L. cv babá de verão, Allium cepa L. cv baia periforme, Beta vulgaris esculenta cv maravilha, Solanum melongena cv preta comprida, Cucumis sativus cv caipira, Capsicum annuum cv casca dura ikeda, Lycopersicon esculentum cv santa clara. O experimento foi conduzido com 30 sementes de cada espécie, por placa, contendo duas folhas de papel filtro umedecidas com 3 mL de chorume facultativo, proveniente do aterro sanitário regional, localizado no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, nas concentrações de 25, 50, 75, 100%, água destilada como controle negativo e sulfato de zinco para o controle positivo, em 3 repetições por tratamento. O experimento foi conduzido em câmara de germinação tipo BOD, com fotoperíodo de 12 horas, a 20°C. A germinação foi avaliada 6 e 12 dias após o estabelecimento do experimento, e no último dia foi aferida a massa fresca. Foram calculadas médias de germinação e massa fresca, com o intuito de indicar os biotestes que apresentaram respostas mais expressivas. Resultados: Como já era de se esperar, os melhores resultados foram obtidos por Lactuca sativa e Allium cepa, entretanto foi Cucumis sativus e Beta vulgaris esculenta com maior germinação biotecnológica, portanto é interessante o uso destes quando o objetivo da pesquisa for avaliar crescimento inicial. Conclusão: Ademais estas espécies não foram representativas a resposta das soluções, enquanto os demais biotestes se mostraram mais sensíveis ao aumento da concentração de chorume.
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Nehme, Thaina Menegheti, Arthur Arnoni Occiutto, Andressa Alice Paulino De Góis, Geraldo Alves Da Silva e Sandro Barbosa. "BIOENSAIOS DE LACTUCA SATIVA L SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE EXTRATOS DE MABEA FISTULIFERA MART." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conbiotec/33.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introdução: Espécie pertencente ao gênero Mabea, a Mabea fistulifera Mart. é uma planta bastante difundida e amplamente explorada na medicina popular, destacando-se por ser uma espécie muito promissora como fonte de produtos naturais. Diferentes relatos apontam que a mesma detêm substâncias bioativas referentes a metabólitos secundários que conferem potencial ação alelopática. Contudo, ainda há poucas informações para o possível uso dessa espécie como fonte de aleloquímicos para produção de bioherbicidas. Objetivo: Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como pretenção analisar os efeitos dessa possível atividade de Mabea fistulifera Mart em bioensaios de Lactuca sativa. Material e métodos: Ensaios de fitotoxicidade utilizando extratos aquosos e hidroetanólicos obtidos de folhas M. fistulifera foram conduzidos em placas de Petri (90x60cm), contendo 30 sementes de L. sativa cv. Babá de verão, a qual foi utilizada como planta alvo. Foram utilizadas duas folhas de papel filtro umedecidas com 3 mL de solução, nas concentrações 5, 10, 20, 40 mg.mL-1 e água destilada como controle negativo, para cada extrato. As placas foram mantidas em câmara de germinação do tipo BOD, a 24°C, com fotoperíodo de 12 horas. A germinação foi avaliada 24, 96 e 168h após o estabelecimento do experimento juntamente com o índice de velocidade de germinação. No sétimo dia foram avaliados os parâmetros de crescimento inicial: número de plantas normais, alongamento de raiz, comprimento de parte aérea. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com dois extratos e quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) a 5% de significância. Resultados: Tanto extratos aquosos quanto hidroetanólicos mostraram efeito inibitório sobre os parâmetros de germinação e crescimento inicial de L. sativa, sendo concentração dependente. Conclusão: Apontando que independentemente do modo de extração, folhas de M. fistulifera contém compostos que podem vir a ser aleloquímicos candidatos a formulação de bioherbicidas, uma vez que as concentrações testadas apresentaram efeito significativo sobre o bioteste.
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Lyubimova, Anna, e Dmitry Eremin. "Component composition of oat prolamins in A. strigosa Schreb., A. abyssinica Hochst., A. byzantina C. Koch. and A. sativa L." In International scientific and practical conference "AgroSMART - Smart solutions for agriculture" (AgroSMART 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.90.
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Ptashec, Ol'ga, e Lyudmila Luchenok. "Influence of the method of sowing and seeding rate on the yield of alfalfa in the south of Belarus". In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-52-54.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The results of studies on the influence of agrotechnological techniques on the productivity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), cultivation on agro-peat soils in the south of Belarus were presented. It was established that the yield of green mass on average over 4 years of life was 393.6–517.9 c / ha when sown under cover and 494.3–629.8 centners ha-1 with coverless sowing. Productivity — 56.5–75.1 and 69.5–89.7 centners ha-1, respectively. A positive correlation between the increase in the yield and productivity of the grass stand with an rise in the seeding rate and doses of fertilizers applied was noted.
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Castelhano, Diego Rodrigues, Cintia Anchieta, Thais Ellen De Ramos e Bruna Kuhn De Freitas Silva. "OS usuários de Cannabis sativa podem apresentar uma diminuição da resposta imunológica?" In I Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/949.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
INTRODUÇÃO: A maconha é uma droga derivada da planta Cannabis sativa, e seu uso recreativo é mundialmente difundido. Pesquisas apontam que sua utilização pode provocar alterações na imunofisiologia. O principal psicoativo canabinóidepresente na maconha é o delta-9-tetra-hidrocanabinol (THC) e as formulações também podem conter uma alta porcentagem de canabidiol (CBD), um canabinóide psicoativo que possui baixa afinidade pelos receptores endocanabinóides. Considerando que o THC é um agonista parcial dos receptores CB1 e CB2, localizados no sistema nervoso central (SNC), sistema nervoso periférico, órgãos periféricos, tecidos e que os receptores CB2 são predominantemente expressos em células imunes, é imprescindível a execução de estudos sobre a relação de compostos canabinóides com processos inflamatórios. OBJETIVOS: Identificar dados relacionados às alterações imunológicas relacionadas ao uso de drogas à base de Cannabis sativa (CS). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O estudo enquadra-se como uma revisão integrativa da literatura, elaborada com dados oriundos de artigos científicos, disponíveis nas bases de dados virtuais em saúde: PubMed, MEDLINE, e SciELO, publicados entre os anos 2017 a 2021. RESULTADOS: Estudos demonstraram que o uso de CS está associado a toxicidade patológica e comportamental e, portanto, é contraindicado para o tratamento de diversas doenças, quando seus compostos não são devidamente isolados. A exposição de camundongos jovens à CS elevou a concentração de citocinas mensuradas no tecido cerebral desses animais, mesmo após seu envelhecimento. Além disso, foi constatado um efeito inflamatório de longa duração que possivelmente influenciou na vulnerabilidade a doenças imunológicas e comportamentais na idade adulta dos animais. Contudo, percebe-se a inibição das respostas infecciosas em alguns casos, devido à sua capacidade de suprimir a proliferação de linfócitos T e monócitos inflamatórios. O uso da CS também pode afetar o sistema respiratório, podendo causar aumento de tosse, expectoração e hiperinsuflação; desencadeando doenças crônicas como bronquite e diminuindo a resposta imune, o que contribuiria para a evolução do quadro a uma pneumonia. Conclusão: As relações até então estabelecidas sobre a exposição à C. sativa e alterações da resposta do sistema imunológico ainda não estão totalmente consolidadas e, portanto, faz-se necessário estudos científicos que apresentem evidências claras dos possíveis efeitos no sistema imunológico.
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Hughes, Claire, Rianna Magee, Joanne Cosgrave, William Gallagher, Susanne Schilling e Antoinette Perry. "EV008/#1173 Investigating Cannabis sativabioactive compounds as an anti-cancer treatment in high-grade serous ovarian cancer". In IGCS 2024 Annual Meeting Abstracts, A88.2—A88. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2024-igcs.127.
Testo completo
9
Fletcher, Rich. "Modifying oil and protein quality in hemp using modern conventional breeding approaches". In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ugom7222.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cannabis sativa. has been cultivated as a source of high-quality fiber, nutritious grain and physiologically active molecules for thousands of years. Marijuana and hemp are both phenotypes of C. sativa, differentiated on the concentration of the psychoactive molecule delta-9-tetrahydocannabinol (THC) present in female flowers. Hemp, by definition, synthesizes less than 0.3% THC whereas all other plants would qualify as marijuana. Hemp grain is 30% lipid with a fatty acid composition elevated in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, particularly gamma-linolenic acid. Hemp is also recognized for a high protein content and well-balanced amino acid profile, making its protein properties comparable to soy. Cultivation of hemp in the United States ceased during the 1940s because the species became classified under Federal law as a Schedule 1 drug. As a result, no breeding of the species as a field crop occurred in the U.S. until the Agriculture Act of 2014 paved the way for its reintroduction to the agricultural landscape. To fill this void, New West Genetics has been employing traditional breeding approaches supported by modern statistical genomics to develop hemp varieties adapted to large-scale production in the United States. In concert, special focus has been paid to modifying lipid and protein profiles to improve the value of the grain upon receipt by processors. The talk will focus on these modifications and their value to both the food and feed market.
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Nehme, Thaina Menegheti, Maria Eduarda Vilas Boas Dos Santos Gonçalves, Larissa Borges Rodrigues Silva, Diana Layla Lemos Santos e Sandro Barbosa. "PELETIZAÇÃO DE SEMENTES INTERFERE NA GERMINAÇÃO DE GENÓTIPOS DE LACTUCA SATIVA L. CANDIDATOS A BIOTESTES DE FITOTOXICIDADE?" In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conbiotec/37.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introdução: Em estudos de fitotoxicidade, sementes de diferentes espécies vegetais cultivadas ou silvestre são utilizadas como biotestes, com o intuito de verificar a atividade de extratos vegetais, compostos de diferentes naturezas ou substâncias isoladas sobre os aspectos germinativos. Na literatura Lactuca sativa L. destaca-se como uma das principais espécies utilizadas para esses experimentos de biotecnologia ambiental, por apresentar: germinação rápida e homogênea, crescimento linear, sensibilidade a compostos aleloquímicos, baixa sensibilidade a diferenças de pH e de potencial osmótico. Sementes nuas do genótipo Babá-de-Verão de L. sativa, são amplamente utilizadas como biotestes de fitotoxicidade, porém têm sido preteridas no cultivo comercial por sementes revestidas, isto é peletizadas, visto que os processos de semeadura e crescimento inicial tornam-se mais eficientes, pois no processo de peletização são incluídos nutrientes, fitorreguladores de crescimento, pesticidas, entre outros elementos. Objetivo: Deste modo, o propósito deste trabalho é comparar qualitativamente o comportamento de germinação de sementes nuas e peletizadas de diferentes genótipos de L. sativa candidatas a biotestes para ensaios de fitotoxicidade. Material e métodos: Foram utilizadas sementes comerciais nuas e peletizadas de Babá-de-verão e peletizadas dos genótipos Vera, Vanda, Psique, BS AC0055. Em placa de petri (60x90) foram dispostas 30 sementes, duas folhas de papel filtro, 30 sementes e 3mL de água destilada para cada unidade experimental, as quais foram acondicionadas em câmara de germinação do tipo BOD, a 20°C, com fotoperíodo de 16/8 horas por 7 dias. Os percentuais de germinação foram tomados 24, 96 e 168h após o estabelecimento do experimento. Resultados: Sementes peletizadas mostraram-se mais vigorosas que a nua. Sementes nuas e peletizadas de Babá-de-verão apresentaram germinação inferior (1% e 15%, respectivamente) quando comparadas às peletizadas (destaque para BS AC0055 97,8%) em 24h. Contudo, aos 7 dias os percentuais de germinação foram superiores a 90%. Conclusão: As combinações genotípicas mais modernas e peletizadas apresentaram germinação inicial mais eficiente e por isso, apresentam elevado potencial de aplicação em testes de fitotoxicidade. Estudos para testar sua sensibilidade a tratamentos são necessários para avaliar a viabilidade da aplicação destes.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "C. sativa"
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Parra-Cortes, Claudia, Arsened Vargas Guarín e Guillermo Edmundo Caicedo Díaz. Valoración del efecto de herbicidas sobre las comunidades microbianas del suelo. Sello Editorial UNAD, novembre 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecapma.7199.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Contextualización: La fertilidad del suelo está influenciada por una compleja interacción de características físicas (como la densidad, estructura y porosidad), químicas (incluyendo la actividad de las arcillas, los potenciales de óxido-reducción y la presencia de materia orgánica) y biológicas (que comprenden los microorganismos de la microflora y microfauna, así como la meso y macrofauna). Estas interacciones son fundamentales para la disponibilidad de nutrientes para las plantas. No obstante, los microorganismos desempeñan un papel crucial, ya que tienen la capacidad de modificar tanto los aspectos bioquímicos, como la producción de enzimas, lo que contribuye significativamente a su fertilidad. Por esta razón, es esencial conocer y monitorear el estado de los microorganismos en el suelo. Vacío de conocimiento: aún no se conoce el verdadero daño que causan los herbicidas sobre la población microbiana. La degradación de la materia orgánica del suelo limita la vida de estos, por ende, la fertilidad se ve afectada. Propósito: el objetivo de esta investigación es realizar una evaluación del efecto de la aplicación de mezcla de herbicidas sobre las poblaciones microbiana en un sistema productivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.). Metodología: en este estudio se analiza el suelo de un cultivo de arroz tratado con una mezcla de herbicidas: Cletodim, Carfentrazona etilo y glifosato. Se determina actividad mediante la respiración basal microbiana en mg de CO2 y el crecimiento microbial en placa de Agar Papa Dextrosa (PDA). Resultados y conclusiones: los resultados revelan que los suelos tratados con mezcla de herbicidas Cletodim, Carfentrazona etilo y glifosato disminuyen la población microbiana en placa PDA. Los suelos con aplicación de mezcla de herbicida (SH) obtuvieron en promedio 6 UFC/ g de suelo y un área de crecimiento de 62 cm2, en comparación con el suelo testigo sin aplicación de herbicidas (STSH), que presentó 30 UFC/ g suelo y 70 cm2 Además, se observó un aumento en la respiración basal de microbiana en mg de CO2 como respuesta al herbicida SH, de 3,7 en mg C-CO2 kg-1 de suelo seco día-1 a los cinco días después de la aplicación (dda) y 5,1 en mg C-CO2 kg-1 de suelo seco día-1 a los 15 dda. Esto debido a que los microorganismos tratan de sintetizar las moléculas del herbicida, lo que aumenta su actividad.
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Grumet, R., J. Burger, Y. Tadmor, A. Gur, C. Barry, A. Schäffer e M. Petreikov. Cucumis fruit surface biology: Genetic analysis of fruit exocarp features in melon (C. melo) and cucumber (C. sativus). Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134155.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The fruit surface (exocarp) is a unique tissue with multiple roles influencing fruit growth and development, disease susceptibility, crop yield, post-harvest treatments, shipping and storage quality, and food safety. Furthermore, highly visible exocarp traits are the consumer's first exposure to the fruit, serving to identify fruit type, variety, attractiveness, and market value. Cucurbit fruit, including the closely related Cucumis species, melon (C. melo) and cucumber (C. sativus), exhibit tremendous diversity for fruit surface properties that are not present in model species. In this project, we identified genetic factors influencing Cucumis fruit surface morphology with respect to important quality determinants such as exocarp and flesh color, cuticle deposition, and surface netting. We employed a combination of approaches including: genome-wide association studies (GWAS) utilizing an extensive melon population and the U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) collection for cucumber to identify genomic regions associated with natural variation in fruit surface traits; bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq) analysis of bi-parental F2:3 or RIL (recombinant inbred line) populations to genomic regions and candidate genes segregating for fruit surface traits; and comparison of syntenic genomic regions and identification of homologous candidate genes. Candidate genes were examined for sequence and/or expression differences during fruit development that correspond with phenotypic differences. Primary outcomes of the work included identification of candidate genes influencing cuticle deposition, epidermal cell structure, surface netting, and intensity of rind and flesh color. Parallel studies identified mutations within the cucumber and melon homologs of the transcription factor WIN1 (WAX INDUCER1) as a significant factor influencing these surface properties. Additional QTL (quantitative trait loci) were identified in both species, and candidate genes in melon include a novel beta-glucosidase involved in lignin production and an integral membrane protein potentially involved in cuticle metabolism. Genetic resources and biochemical approaches have been developed to study cuticle and wax deposition in both species: segregating populations of melon were developed and sequenced for bulked segregant analysis and samples collected for metabolic analysis; an isolation procedure was developed for lipid droplets from cucumber peel and metabolomic analyses have been initiated. Genetic studies in melon identified mutations in a candidate gene (APRR2), associated with light immature rind, and further indicated that this gene is also associated with color intensity of both mature rinds and flesh, making it a good target for breeding. GWAS studies utilizing the cucumber core diversity population are being performed to identify additional sources of variation for fruit surface properties, map QTL, and examine for synteny with melon. Collectively these studies identified genetic regions associated with important quality traits and contributed to our understanding of underlying biological processes associated with fruit surface development. Knowledge of genetic control of these characteristics can facilitate more efficient breeding for important fruit surface traits.
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Adelberg, Jeff, Halina Skorupska, Bill Rhodes, Yigal Cohen e Rafael Perl-Treves. Interploid Hybridization of Cucumis melo and C. metuliferus. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7580673.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The long-term motivation for this research is to transfer useful traits from a broad based gene pool of wild species into the narrow base of a cultivated crop in Cucumis. Our primary focus was to use polyploid prior to fertilization as a tool to overcome fertility barriers in the cross between C. melo and C. metuliferus. In conducting this research, we explored all combinations of tetraploid and diploid parents, in reciprocal combinations. Pollinations were made in both the field and greenhouse, using emasculated flowers, moneocious females, and open pollination by insect vectors, with morphological selection criteria. After observations of thousands of ovaries, we still have no definitive proof that this hybridization yielded viable embryos. The most promising results came from using tetraploid C. metuliferus, as the maternal parent in the interspecific hybridization, that set fruit were seeds contained small embryos that did not germinate. To obtain fruit set, it was important to rear plants in a cooler sunny greenhouse, as would be found in late winter/early spring. A second interspecific hybrid between wild and cultivated Cucumis, C. hystrix x C. sativus, yielded fertile progeny for the first time, while concomitantly working toward our primary goal. Two distinct treatments were necessary; 1) special plant husbandry was necessary to have the wild species produce fruit in cultivation, and 2) embryo rescue followed by chromosome doubling in vitro was required for fertility restoration. Backcrosses to crop species and resistance to nematodes are compelling areas for further work.
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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar e Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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Grumet, Rebecca, Rafael Perl-Treves e Jack Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Cucumis Reproduction - from Sex Expression to Fruit Set. United States Department of Agriculture, febbraio 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696533.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Reproductive development is a critical determinant of agricultural yield. For species with unisexual flowers, floral secualdifferentation adds additional complexity, that can influenec productivity. The hormone ethylene has long, been known to play a primary role in sex determination in the Cucumis species cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo). Our objectives were to: (1) Determine critical sites of ethylene production and perception for sex determination; (2) Identify additional ethylene related genes associated with sex expression; and (3) Examine the role of environment ami prior fruit set on sex expression, pistillate flower maturation, and fruit set. We made progress in each of these areas. (1) Transgenic melon produced with the Arabidopsis dominant negative ethylene perception mutant gene, etrl-1, under the control of floral primordia targeted promoters [AP3 (petal and stamen) and CRC (carpel and nectary)], showed that ethylene perception by the stamen primordia, rather than carpel primordia, is critical for carpel development at the time of sex determination. Transgenic melons also were produced with the ethylene production enzyme gene. ACS, encoding l-aminocyclopropane-lcarboylate synthase, fused to the AP3 or CRC promoters. Consistent with the etr1-1 results, CRC::ACS did not increase femaleness; however, AP3::ACS reduced or eliminated male flower production. The effects of AP3:ACS were stronger than those of 35S::ACS plants, demonstratin g the importance of targeted expression, while avoiding disadvantages of constitutive ethylene production. (2) Linkage analysis coupled with SNP discovery was per formed on ethylene and floral development genes in cucumber populations segregating for the three major sex genes. A break-through towards cloning the cucumber M gene occurred when the melon andromonoecious gene (a), an ACS gene, was cloned in 2008. Both cucumber M and melon a suppress stamen development in pistillate flowers. We hypothesized that cucumber M could be orthologous to melon a, and found that mutations in CsACS2 co-segregated perfectly with the M gene. We also sought to identify miRNA molecules associated with sex determination. miRNA159, whose target in Arabidopsis is GAMYB[a transcription factor gene mediating response to10 gibberellin (GA)], was more highly expressed in young female buds than male. Since GA promotes maleness in cucumber, a micro RNA that counteracts GAMYB could promote femaleness. miRNA157, which in other plants targets transcription factors involved in flower development , was expressed in young male buds and mature flower anthers. (3) Gene expression profiling showed that ethylene-, senescence-, stress- and ubiquitin-related genes were up-regulated in senescing and inhibited fruits, while those undergoing successful fruit set up-regulated photosynthesis, respiration and metabolic genes. Melon plants can change sex expression in response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in yield potential. Unique melon lines with varying sex expression were developed and evaluated in the field in Hancock, Wisconsin . Environmental changes during the growing season influenced sex expression in highly inbred melon lines. Collectively these results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression. The fact that both cucumber sex loci identified so far (F and M) encode isoforms of the same ethylene synthesis enzyme, underscores the importance of ethylene as the main sex determining hormone in cucumber. The targeting studies give insight into developmental switch points and suggest a means to develop lines with earlier carpel-bearing flower production and fruit set. These results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression to facilitate shorter growing seasons and earlier time to market. Field results provide information for development of management strategies for commercial production of melon cultivars with different sex expression characteristics during fruit production.