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1
Means, Casey. "C-section." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 211, no. 4 (October 2014): e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.07.020.
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Craft, Dorsey. "C-Section." Pleiades: Literature in Context 43, no. 2 (September 2023): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2023.a912966.
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Pramod, K. V., and Dr B. R. Patagundi. "Calculation and Verification of ZPZ Values in IS 800:2007." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48394.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract: Plastic Section Modulus of a section is the first moment of the cross sectional area about an axis which divides the sectional area into two equal halves. In this paper an attempt has been made to calculate and verify the Zpz values of tapered flange I and C Sections. I-Section has been divided into a total of 13 component areas and C-Section into 7 component areas. The area of each component is calculated and the position of centroid of each component area is identified and used in the calculation of the Plastic Section Modulus of the cross section about Z-Z axis. Eleven I-sections and One C-section Zpz values are found to differ from the values given in the IS 800 : 2007[2] by more than 100 mm3 , i.e., 0.1 cm3 and are reported here. These verifications gain significance due to the fact that, in case of four I-sections, the difference is found to be more than 10000 mm3 , i.e., 10cm3
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Ahmed Zidan ,, Fatin, Nadhim Ghazal Noaman ,, Ahmed Salih Mahdi ,, and Mohammad Kassem Saleh. "Indications and determinants of caesarean section in Al Batool teaching hospital." Diyala Journal of Medicine 26, no. 1 (April 25, 2024): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26505/djm.v26i1.1077.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: C-section (caesarean section) is a lifesaving procedure when certain complications arise during pregnancy and labor. however, it’s a major surgery and associated with immediate maternal and perinatal risks and may have implications for future pregnancies as well as long term effects. Objective: To describe indications and determinants of caesarean section in Al Batool teaching hospital in Diyala during the study period. Patients and Methods: Across sectional study conducted among women admitted to Al Batool teaching hospital and delivered by C-section from first of October 2022 to 15th of march 2023. Results: A total of 150 women underwent C-section enrolled in this study during the study period, age of participants ranged from 19-35. out of them, 88(59%) sections were elective and 62(41%) sections were emergent. commonest indication for emergency C-section was fetal distress (62%) and commonest indication for elective C-section was previous cesarean (33%). Conclusion: Parity, residence, education, and antenatal care visits were significant determinants for C-section. previous C-section, maternal request and malpresentation were commonest indications for such procedure.
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Ahmed Zidan, Fatin, Nadhim Ghazal Noaman, Ahmed Salih Mahdi, and Mohammad Kassem Saleh. "Indications and determinants of caesarean section in Al Batool teaching hospital." Diyala Journal of Medicine 26, no. 1 (April 25, 2024): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26505/djm.26017880917.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: C-section (caesarean section) is a lifesaving procedure when certain complications arise during pregnancy and labor. however, it’s a major surgery and associated with immediate maternal and perinatal risks and may have implications for future pregnancies as well as long term effects. Objective: To describe indications and determinants of caesarean section in Al Batool teaching hospital in Diyala during the study period. Patients and Methods: Across sectional study conducted among women admitted to Al Batool teaching hospital and delivered by C-section from first of October 2022 to 15th of march 2023. Results: A total of 150 women underwent C-section enrolled in this study during the study period, age of participants ranged from 19-35. out of them, 88(59%) sections were elective and 62(41%) sections were emergent. commonest indication for emergency C-section was fetal distress (62%) and commonest indication for elective C-section was previous cesarean (33%). Conclusion: Parity, residence, education, and antenatal care visits were significant determinants for C-section. previous C-section, maternal request and malpresentation were commonest indications for such procedure. Keywords: C-section, Al Batool teaching hospital, malpresentation.
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Jahan, Tanvir, and Arif Siddiq. "C-SECTION DELIVERY." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 08 (August 9, 2018): 1182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4904.
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Jahan, Tanvir, and Arif Siddiq. "C-SECTION DELIVERY;." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 08 (August 4, 2018): 1182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.08.65.
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Objective: To evaluate the common reasons for C/section done at tertiary carehospital and to look into their major determinants, in order to reduce the rate of C/sectiondelivery and its associated mortality and morbidity. Study design: Retrospective, descriptivestudy. Place and duration of study: At Ibn-E-Siena Hospital, the duration of study was 1 yearfrom November 2016 to October 2017. Material methods: The study included 250 patientswho were delivered by Caesarean delivery. All the patients who were delivered abdominallyafter 28 weeks of gestation were included in this study. The women delivered abdominallybefore 28 weeks gestation were excluded from study. Results: The common indications forC/section in this study were previous C/section delivery in 37.6%, oligohydramnios 36%, fetaldistress 12%, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 7.2%, multiple pregnancy 5.6%, pretermlabour 5.6%, failed progress of labour and bad obstetrical history 4.8% each, placenta previa3.2% and cardiac disease 0.8%. Conclusion: Repeat C-section has become the commonestindications for C-section effort should be put in to reduce the rate of C/section in primigravidas,proper trial of labour should be given, and fetal distress should be properly diagnosed beforegoing for C/section.
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Morris, Theresa. "C-Section Epidemic." Contexts 13, no. 1 (February 2014): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536504214522013.
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Ghavami, Zahra, Firouz Amani, and Marzieh Hosseindust. "Study frequency of the first time C-section and its medical indications in Ardabil city, 2021." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20220886.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Caesarean section is a surgical intervention to prevent or treat life-threating maternal or perinatal complications but unnecessary caesarean section can put mothers and babies at serious risks. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a caesarean section rate of about 15 percent or less. Although most countries are trying to stop the increase in caesarean section rates to achieve to the rate proposed by the WHO but in many countries, including Iran, has been much higher. The rate of C-section in Iran has increased from 19.5% in 1976 to about 48% in 2010. This figure has reached 60% in 2013. As repeat caesarean is the most common indication of c-section in Iran, the most practical way to reduce the rate of c-section will be reduction of first-time c-section. Obviously, it is necessary to know indications of first-time c-section to reduce the rate of c section in our country. For this purpose, designing a study to recognize the indications of first-time c-section seems useful. Evaluation of frequency of the first time C-section and its medical indications in Alavi Hospital, in Ardabil, 2021.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all data of caesarean sections performed in Alavi medical center in 2021 were studied. Among the performed c-sections, all the first caesarean sections were selected and their information and indications were collected. The collected data were entered into Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software and analyzed by using tables, graphs, numbers and percentages to evaluate the frequency and indications of first-time c-section.Results: Among all CS performed (2075 patients), 940 mothers, underwent caesarean section for the first time, were included in the study. The frequency of caesarean section for the first time was 45.3%. The mean age of the samples was 27.9 years with a standard deviation of 6.94 years. The minimum age was 14 and the maximum age was 47 years. The number of maternal pregnancies ranged from 1 to 8.Conclusions: The most medical indications for first-time caesarean section with 587 cases (65.7%) and 156 cases (17.5%) were related to fetal distress and lack of labor progression, respectively.
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Landstreet, John D. "Panel discussion section C." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2004, IAUS224 (July 2004): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921304004521.
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Taylor, Katherine. "My Lovely C-Section." Journal of Perinatal Education 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1624/105812410x495497.
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Laiyla Shinwari, Basirat Bukhari, Sarwat Irfan, and Rizwan Faisal. "Comparison of the rate and indications of caesarean section in primigravida and multigravida in a maternity hospital of Pakistan.q." Professional Medical Journal 31, no. 07 (July 1, 2024): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.07.7653.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: To compare the causes and rate of caesarean section in primigravida and multigravida. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Government Maternity Hospital, Peshawar. Period: January 2021 to January 2022. Methods: The study included all primigravida with 37-42 weeks period of gestation, and multigravida (gravida 2-12) with the same gestational period. Similarly, all the multigravida who delivered previously by C-section or had normal vaginal delivery with the viable fetus and currently delivered by C-section, were also included. Cases having history of ruptured uterus, nonviable pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy were excluded from the study. Results: Overall, the frequency of C-sections in the present study was 30% in primigravida and 70% in multigravida. Majority of the patients (65%) went through elective C-sections while 35% delivered through emergency C-sections, difference between the two is statistically significant (p-value <0.0001). The commonest cause for performing elective C-sections was previous C-sections. Fetal distress was the commonest indication 27.27% for emergency C-sections. Most of the C-sections performed in primigravida were because of fetal distress 23.3% while previous C-sections were the topmost cause in multigravida. Maternal wish is another new indication that accounted for 7.6% of C-sections. Conclusion: The results showed that the incidence of C-sections was higher in multigravida than primigravida. Similarly, the rate of elective C-sections was more than emergency ones. Maternal wish is another rising new indication for C-sections.
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Ikram Badshah, Zakiya Rubab Mohsin, and Jan Alam. "Local Perception about Caesarian Section among Post Caesarian Section Women in Pakistan." sjesr 4, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss2-2021(299-308).
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Birthing is a critical moment in the life of a mother. The biomedical practice of the Caesarian Section (C-section) does not exist in a vacuum but is under the influence of the sociocultural environment. However, deciding between methods of birth and the perception about the C-section shows a gap and dearth in the present literature. This paper aims at understanding what social and cultural factors construct the perceptions and experiences of the Caesarian Section among post-C-section- women belonging to different socio-economic statuses. Moreover, it explores how these factors influence Pakistani women’s decision-making regarding childbirth methods. The paper uses a qualitative yet multi-sited locale approach, employing semi-structured interviews from 20 post-C-section women mainly from Islamabad and Rawalpindi region; 10 women belong to lower socio-economic status whereas, 10 to the upper one. Different themes from data were identified and obtained for analysis.
 The perception and experience of the C-section fluctuate with social, economic, and cultural factors. The influence of biomedical and intra-household politics on the decision of C-section is much conspicuous and evident. Affluent families practice C-sections under dominant power dynamics without any reasoning. For those who can afford C-section, is perceived as a luxury and artificial motherhood in the eyes of ‘’the others’’ whereas, normal birthing was true and natural motherhood. The social construction of the C-section suggests that social and cultural forces play a decisive role. C-section is only acceptable if there is an emergency otherwise natural birth is the most suitable method of childbirth. Along with advocating C-sections in critical medical conditions, an awareness campaign against C-sections is also imperative for it has severe consequences.
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Goyal, Neelam, and Harshita Pandey. "Changing trends of indication of caesarean section." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 7 (June 25, 2020): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202519.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Percentage of previous C-section undergoing repeat section is close to 90%-92%, morbidity associated with repeat surgery is bringing an altogether new set of challenges for the upcoming future obstetricians. Object of this study is to highlight high incidence of repeat section required and also growing new indications of C-section due to advanced availability of investigative tools.Methods: Retrospective study of 500 patients who underwent C-section and their indications from April 2019 to July 2019 in Govt Doon Medical college, Dehra Dun.Results: Out of total 500 C-sections carried from April 2019 to July 2019, patients with previous section were found to undergo a repeat C-section in 95% of the cases. Another common indication being oligohydramnios followed by cephalopelvic disproportion and failed induction.Conclusions: After assessing the results it is hereby concluded that the commonest indication of C-section in present time is having a previous C-section, which alarms us to take careful judicious decision in performing primi C-sections in order to prevent patients into entering a vicious cycle of repeat surgeries.
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Nahar, Zabun, Md Sohan, Md Jamal Hossain, and Md Rabiul Islam. "Unnecessary Cesarean Section Delivery Causes Risk to Both Mother and Baby: A Commentary on Pregnancy Complications and Women’s Health." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 59 (January 2022): 004695802211160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580221116004.
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In Bangladesh, 3.6 million babies are born each year. But the country is now facing a quickly rising rate of cesarean section (C-section) utilization. Here about 50% of total deliveries are institutional. Among them, two-thirds are in private care facilities, where the rate of C-sections is very high (83%). The present C-section rate is 2.5 times higher than in the previous decades. In Bangladesh, many physicians from private facilities are recommending C-section regardless of the mother’s physical condition and the position of the fetus. Therefore, mothers are more likely to choose C-section delivery who receive antenatal care from a private facility. Moreover, several socio-economic and demographic factors might be responsible for these increased C-section deliveries. Also, many private hospitals prefer C-section delivery due to their profit-making tendency. The unnecessary C-section delivery causes risk to both mother and baby Also, the high prevalence of C-section in Bangladesh is putting women’s health at risk. Therefore, the government healthcare authorities should ensure proper utilization of C-section facilities and encourage people for normal births at any health facility. Also, they can develop a national guideline for the use of C-sections and normal delivery depending on the physical condition of the mother and fetus.
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Neelam, Shahzadi, Sumayya ., Adeeba Akhter Khalil, Tayyaba Nawaz, Abgina Bakhtawar, Sami Ur Rahman, and M. Mohsin Khan. "Maternal Outcomes of Pregnancy in Women with Previous One C-Section in Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshehra." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 865–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22168865.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: This prospective study was conducted to find the maternal outcomes of pregnancy in women with a previous one C-Section in terms of mode of delivery and maternal complication Material & Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was carried out in QHAMC Nowshera from July 2018 to June 2019. A convenient sample of 180 women, all booked and unbooked, with gestational age 37 weeks or more, singleton fetus and cephalic presentation that came to Gynae OPD with history of previous one C/section were included . Informed consent was taken after explaining risks and benefits of planned repeat c/section and VBAC .While those having IUD, placenta previa, breech presentation or gestational age less than 37 weeks were excluded. Data was obtained on pre- designed structured proforma .SPSS 17 software was used for statistical purposes. Results: Results showed that of the total participants 71.1 % had undergone C-section again, and 28.8 % delivered as VBAC. 34.3% of the total C-sections were emergency lower segment C-sections and 65.6% were planned repeat C-sections. Conclusions: It is concluded from our study that VBAC is a safe option for patient with previous one scar with minimal morbidity and no mortality but required good antenatal assessment one to one care and vagilant monitoring with quick resumption to emergency csection when required
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Genuttis, Nele, Michael Bolz, and Volker Briese. "Can the Rate of C-sections Performed in a Level I Perinatal Center Be Reduced? – An Analysis of the University Gynecology Clinic Rostock, 2008 – 2014." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 77, no. 07 (July 2017): 771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-112863.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Introduction In Germany the rate of deliveries by cesarean section is continually increasing. Many different reasons have been put forward to explain this trend. The aim of this study was to examine how the C-section rate developed at the University Gynecology Clinic Rostock, one of the biggest maternity hospitals and level I perinatal centers in Germany, based on various maternal and neonatal parameters. The aim was also to identify potential risk factors for C-sections. Material and Method Various obstetric parameters were obtained from the birth cohort (2008 to 2014; n = 20 091) of the University Gynecology Clinic Rostock. The data was used to calculate parameter-specific C-section rates. Potential risk factors for C-section were identified by regression analysis. Results The C-section rate dropped from 26.24% to 23.57%. The rate of repeat C-sections also declined. The mean age of the pregnant women increased. Nevertheless, the frequency of cesarean sections in pregnant women aged more than 35 years declined. Rates of being overweight or obese preconception increased. C-section rates increased as BMI values preconception increased. There was a perceptible trend towards attempting the vaginal delivery of children in breech presentation and of twins. The frequency of depressed neonates after vaginal delivery and after C-section decreased. Rates for mild and advanced acidosis increased after both C-sections and vaginal deliveries. Previous C-section, older maternal age, overweight and obesity prior to conception, breech presentation and multiple pregnancies all increased the risk of cesarean sections. Conclusion This study showed that reducing the rates of C-sections without a deterioration in neonatal outcomes can be achieved even in a large maternity hospital that cares for many high-risk pregnancies.
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Puro, Neeraj, Reena J. Kelly, Mandar Bodas, and Scott Feyereisen. "Estimating the differences in Caesarean section (C-section) rates between public and privately insured mothers in Florida: A decomposition approach." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): e0266666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266666.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Caesarean section (C-sections) is a medically critical and often life-saving procedure for prevention of childbirth complications. However, there are reports of its overuse, especially in women covered by private insurance as compared to public insurance. This study evaluates the difference in C-Section rates among nulliparous women in Florida hospitals across insurance groups and quantifies the contribution of maternal and hospital factors in explaining the difference in rates. Methods We used Florida’s inpatient data provided by the Florida Agency for HealthCare Administration (FLAHCA) and focused on low-risk births that occurred between January 1, 2010, and September 30, 2015. A Fairlie decomposition method was performed on cross-sectional data to decompose the difference in C-Section rates between insurance groups into the proportion explained versus unexplained by the differences in observable maternal and hospital factors. Results Of the 386,612 NTSV low-risk births, 72,984 were delivered via C-Section (18.87%). Higher prevalence of C-section at maternal level was associated with diabetes, hypertension, and the expectant mother being over 35 years old. Higher prevalence of C-section at the hospital level was associated with lower occupancy rate, presence of neonatal ICU (NICU) unit and higher obstetrics care level in the hospital. Private insurance coverage in expectant mothers is associated with C-section rates that were 4.4 percentage points higher as compared to that of public insurance. Just over 33.7% of the 4.4 percentage point difference in C-section rates between the two insurance groups can be accounted for by maternal and hospital factors. Conclusions The study identifies that the prevalence of C-sections in expectant mothers covered by private insurance is higher compared to mothers covered by public insurance. Although, majority of the difference in C-Section rates across insurance groups remains unexplained (around 66.3%), the main contributor that explains the other 33.7% is advancing maternal age and socioeconomic status of the expectant mother. Further investigation to explore additional factors that explain the difference needs to be done if United States wants to target specific policies to lower overall C-Section rate.
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KALOUTI, SIMIN, SHAHROKH KAZEMPOUR OSALOO, FARIDEH ATTAR, ALFONSO SUSANNA, and NÚRIA GARCIA-JACAS. "Molecular phylogeny of Cousinia sections Albidae, Stenocephalae and Cousinia (Asteraceae): Systematic implications." Phytotaxa 536, no. 2 (February 24, 2022): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.536.2.1.
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Cousinia sect. Stenocephalae is a mainly Iranian section of the genus and the second largest section of Cousinia after C. sect. Cynaroidae. Its members are mainly distributed in Iran. Using nrDNA ITS sequences, together with morphological evidence where possible, we tested the monophyly of C. sect. Stenocephalae as well as the related C. sect. Albidae and C. sect. Cousinia. We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships within these sections by performing a Bayesian analysis on a sample of 153 species of Cousinia, of which 49 species belong to the study sections. The analysis revealed that C. sect. Stenocephalae, Albidae and Cousinia are not monophyletic, which lays stress upon the need of a deep reexamination of the sectional classification in Cousinia using a different approach.
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McLennan, John D. "Changes in caesarean section rates and milk feeding patterns of infants between 1986 and 2013 in the Dominican Republic." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 15 (April 18, 2016): 2688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016000847.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between caesarean sections (C-sections) and infant feeding varies between different samples and indicators of feeding. The current study aimed to determine the relationship between C-sections and five indicators of infant milk feeding (breast-feeding within 1 h after delivery, at the time of the survey (current) and ever; milk-based prelacteal feeds; and current non-breast milk use) over time in a country with a rapidly rising C-section rate.DesignSecondary data analysis on cross-sectional data from Demographic and Health Surveys from six different time points between 1986 and 2013.SettingDominican Republic.SubjectsInfants under 6 months of age.ResultsOver 90 % of infants were ever breast-fed in each survey sample. However, non-breast milk use has expanded over time with a concomitant drop in predominant breast-feeding. C-section prevalence has increased over time reaching 63 % of sampled infants in the most recent survey. C-sections remained significantly related to three infant feeding practices – the child not put to the breast within 1 h after delivery, milk-based prelacteal feeds and current non-breast milk use – in multivariate models that included sociodemographic control variables. However, current non-breast milk use was no longer related to C-sections when milk-based prelacteal feeds were factored into the model.ConclusionsReducing or avoiding milk-based prelacteal feeds, particularly among those having C-sections, may improve subsequent breast-feeding patterns. Simultaneously, efforts are needed to understand and help reduce the exceptionally high C-section rate in the Dominican Republic.
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Orchard, A. E. "A revision of Cassinia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in Australia. 7. Cassinia subgenus Achromolaena." Australian Systematic Botany 30, no. 4 (2017): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb17033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present paper completes a revision of the endemic Australian genus Cassinia R.Br. Cassinia subgenus Achromolaena comprises two sections, namely, section Achromolaena of seven species (C. laevis, C. arcuata, C. uncata, C. tenuifolia, C. collina, C. subtropica, and C. quinquefaria), and Cassinia section Siftonia, which contains two species (C. sifton and C. theodorii). Cassinia laevis is divided into western (C. laevis subsp. laevis) and eastern (C. laevis subsp. rosmarinifolia (A.Cunn.) Orchard, comb. et stat. nov.) taxa. Examination of the type of C. arcuata showed that this name is synonymous with C. paniculata, and applies to a relatively rare taxon with whitish capitula arranged in short erect compact panicles, and found in Western Australia, the midlands of South Australia, western Victoria and (formerly) south-western New South Wales. Furthermore, it belongs to section Achromolaena. The taxon with red to brown capitula, widespread throughout south-eastern Australia, which until now has been (incorrectly) known as C. arcuata (Sifton bush) is distinct, but lacks a published name. The name Cassinia sifton Orchard, sp. nov. is here proposed for this taxon. An unfortunate outcome of this discovery is that the sectional name Cassinia section Arcuatae, with C. arcuata as type, becomes synonymous with section Achromolaena. The new name Cassinia section Siftonia is proposed to accommodate Sifton bush (C. sifton) and its narrowly endemic sister species C. theodorii. A summary of the whole genus is provided, with keys to all taxa. Three former subspecies of C. macrocephala are raised to species rank (C. petrapendula (Orchard) Orchard, C. storyi (Orchard) Orchard, C. tenuis (Orchard) Orchard), and it is suggested that C. furtiva Orchard may be conspecific with C. straminea (Benth.) Orchard.
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Bérubé, Renald, and André Gervais. "C. Section inter du domaine." Urgences, no. 19 (1988): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/025444ar.
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Hall, S. R. "Status ofActa Crystallographica Section C." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 52, a1 (August 8, 1996): C571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767396076763.
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&NA;. "C-section news and views." Nursing 36, no. 6 (June 2006): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200606000-00028.
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Linden, Anthony. "Enhancements inActa Crystallographica Section C." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 67, no. 1 (December 24, 2010): e1-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270110051395.
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Perry, Constance, and Michael L. Spear. "C-Section and Referential Opacity." American Journal of Bioethics 17, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2016.1251642.
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Gruber, Gustavo A. "Vaginal delivery after C-section." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 70 (2000): B3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(00)86071-3.
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Mills, Paul A. "Section C: Pesticide Residue Content." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 73, no. 5 (September 1, 1990): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/73.5.657.
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Crosby, Edward T. "Epidural fentanyl and C-section." Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 40, no. 8 (August 1993): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03009777.
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Eleje, George Uchenna, Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu, Joseph Tochukwu Enebe, Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro, Boniface Chukwuneme Okpala, Nnanyelugo Chima Ezeora, Emeka Ifeanyi Iloghalu, et al. "Cesarean section rate and outcomes during and before the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212210854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221085453.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess how the current COVID-19 pandemic has affected cesarean section (C-section) rates, indications, and peripartum outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that compared a 3-month rates of and indications for C-sections at three tertiary health care institutions in Nigeria before (October 2019–December 2019) and during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–May 2020). Primary outcomes were C-section rate and indications between the two periods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 IBM Corporation. Rates and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to quantify indications and peripartum outcomes and statistical significance was accepted when p value was <0.05. Results: The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. The C-section rate during the COVID-19 period was significantly less than the period prior to the pandemic (237/580, 40.0% vs 390/833, 46.8%; p = 0.027). The rates of postdatism (odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.05–2.05, p = 0.022), fetal distress (odds ratio = 3.06, 95% confidence interval = 1.55–6.06, p = 0.017), emergency C-section (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–2.05, p = 0.042), and anemia (odds ratio = 1.84, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–3.03, p = 0.016) were significantly higher during the pandemic than prepandemic. Conclusion: The overall C-section rate during the first wave of COVID-19 was significantly lower than the prepandemic period. There were higher rates of postdatism, fetal distress, emergency C-section, and postpartum anemia. Further studies on this changing C-section trend during the pandemic are needed.
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La Thi Cam, Lanh, and Hien Ho Thi. "Compliance with safety procedures for cesarean section at some hospital in 2020." Journal of Health and Development Studies 06, no. 05 (October 30, 2022): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38148/jhds.0605skpt21-036.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives: Describe the compliance with safe cesarean section procedures and influencing factors of the compliance in Thu Duc District Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City in 2020. Methodology: Cross-sectional study design, quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Direct observation of practicing safe surgical procedures during cesarean sections at the Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Thu Duc District hospital was conducted. Interviews with hospital staff were conducted using semi-structured interview guides. The study was conducted from April to October 2020. The study sample size was 142 caesarean sections (C-sections). Results: The compliance rate of safe cesarean section procedure at each stage of surgery, was rather high: 95.8% at pre- . operative stage, 81.7% surgical stage, and postoperative stage was 92.2%. The compliance rate for safe cesarean section procedure was 81.7%. Some surgical safety actions are not performed in the emergency cases such as fetal distress. Recommendations: It is necessary to have specific guidance on the safety procedures for each level of emergency of C-section in the hospital. Keywords: surgical safety, cesarean section, procedure
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Grisbrook, Marie-Andrée, Deborah Dewey, Colleen Cuthbert, Sheila McDonald, Henry Ntanda, Gerald F. Giesbrecht, and Nicole Letourneau. "Associations among Caesarean Section Birth, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Postpartum Depression Symptoms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 4900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084900.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Caesarean section (C-section) deliveries account for nearly 30% of births annually with emergency C-sections accounting for 7–9% of all births. Studies have linked C-sections to postpartum depression (PPD). PPD is linked to reduced quality of parent-child interaction, and adverse effects on maternal and child health. New mothers’ perceptions of more negative childbirth experiences, such as unplanned/emergency C-sections, are linked to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which in turn is related to PPD. Our objectives were to determine: (1) the association between C-section type (unplanned/emergency vs. planned) and PPD symptoms, and (2) if postnatal PTSD symptoms mediate this association. Employing secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from 354 mother-child dyads between 2009 and 2013 from the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study, conditional process modeling was employed. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) were administered at three months postpartum, to assess for postpartum depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms. The direct effect of emergency C-section on PPD symptoms was non-significant in adjusted and non-adjusted models; however, the indirect effect of emergency C-section on PPD symptoms with PTSD symptoms as a mediator was significant after controlling for prenatal depression symptoms, social support, and SES (β = 0.17 (SE = 0.11), 95% CI [0.03, 0.42]). This suggests that mothers who experienced an emergency or unplanned C-section had increased PTSD scores of nearly half a point (0.47) compared to mothers who underwent a planned C-section, even after adjustment. Overall, emergency C-section was indirectly associated with PPD symptoms, through PTSD symptoms. Findings suggest that PTSD symptoms may be a mechanism through which emergency C-sections are associated with the development of PPD symptoms.
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Dinovitzer, Aaron S. "Optimization of cold formed steel C-sections using standard Can/CSA-S136-M89." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The lip dimension of cold formed steel C-sections (channels) is optimized according to the provisions of CSA Standard CAN/CSA-S136-M89 "Cold formed steel structural members." The provisions in the 1989 edition of S136 are compared with those of the 1984 edition. Due to changes in design criteria, previously optimal sections are no longer optimal. The interaction of many of the elements is described and the manner in which the design standard takes the interaction into account is discussed. The lip sizes of C-sections are optimized in order to maximize flexural resistance and minimize cross-sectional area. An optimal C-section is one in which the flange is nearest to being fully effective. The optimal geometry generally has a lip-to-flange ratio of 3/8, which is restricted by a maximum lip flat width of 14 times the steel thickness. An optimal section based on the 1989 edition of S136 has a lower flexural resistance and a longer lip than an optimal C-section based on the 1984 edition of S136. Due to certain changes in the 1989 edition of S136, cold work of forming is now applicable in fewer cases than previously allowed by the 1984 edition of S136. Key words: cold formed steel, effective width, stiffener, lip, C-section, channel, optimization.
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Sneha, Jha, and Seema. "Case Series of 9 Cases for Rupture Uterus in Scarred and Unscarred Uterus." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 649–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12704036.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<strong>Background: </strong>Uterine rupture is an important event leading to life threatening haemorrhage. Incidence varies between 1 in 2000 in develop countries to 1 in 200 in developing countries. Incidence of rupture among unscarred uterus has decreased has compared to scarred uterus due to increase rate of c-section and judicious use of uterine stimulant. Although diminished enthusiasm for TOLAC has decrease the incidence of rupture among previous c section but rates are still higher compared to unscarred uterus. <strong>Objective:</strong> To study the incidence, outcome on uterine rupture in DMCH, Laheriasarai, Bihar. <strong>Method: </strong>Retrospective study of case series of 9 patient in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from December 2021 to May 2022 [after taking permission from ethical committee]. <strong>Result</strong>: 9 cases of uterine rupture out of 2880 deliveries reported with prevalence of 3.1%. 3 cases of previous 2 c-section, 1case of previous 3 c-section, 2 cases of previous 1 c section, 1 case of pre. 1 c-section with twin and 2 case unscarred uterus. Complication like hysterectomy in 33%, PPH in 77%, transfusion in 77%, maternal mortality 1, IUFD in 6 cases [66.6%], systemic infection in [33%]. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Uterine rupture is in an cause of maternal mortality, morbidity and fetal mortality. risk factors are previous scarred uterus, multiparity, trauma, number of previous cesarean birth, version. Early diagnosis, rapid management and promotion of institutional deliveries can reduce the risk.
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Marian, Marian, and Ramona L. Pérez. "Association between location of prenatal care services and non-consented cesarean sections in Mexico: A secondary analysis of the National Survey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships 2016." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 14, 2024): e0303052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303052.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Mexico has one of the world’s highest rates of cesarean section (C-section). Little is known about Mexico’s frequency of and risk factors for non-consented C-sections, a form of obstetric violence. We examined the prevalence of sociodemographic and obstetric-specific characteristics of Mexican women who delivered via C-section, as well as the association between the location of prenatal care services and experiencing a non-consented C-section. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected from Mexico’s 2016 National Survey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships (ENDIREH 2016) of women who reported a C-section during their latest delivery. Adjusted logistic regressions were calculated to explore the associations between the location of prenatal care services and experiencing a non-consented cesarean delivery, stratifying by Indigenous belonging. Results The sample size for this analysis was 10,256 ENDIREH respondents, with 9.1% not consenting to a C-section. ENDIREH respondents between the ages of 26 and 35 years old, living in urban settings, living in Central or Southern Mexico, and married or living with a partner experienced a higher prevalence of non-consented C-sections. For both women who identified as Indigenous and those who did not, the odds of experiencing a non-consented C-section were higher when receiving prenatal services in private settings. Receiving more than one type of prenatal service was also associated with increased odds of non-consented C-sections, while ENDIREH 2016 respondents who did not identify as Indigenous and received prenatal care at the State Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers facility had lower odds of experiencing a non-consented C-section. Conclusions This analysis indicates that receiving prenatal care at a private facility or a combination of public and private services increases the risk of experiencing a non-consented C-section in Mexico. Additional research is required to further understand the factors associated with non-consented C-sections in Mexico.
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Majid, Farzana, Robina Ali, and Shazia Shaheen. "PLACENTA ACCRETA IN PLACENTA PREVIA." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 05 (December 13, 2018): 892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.05.2493.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: To calculate the frequency of placenta accreta in placenta previawith or without scarred uterus and compare clinico demographic features of cases with orwithout placenta accreta. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:Department of Obst & Gynae Allied Hospital, Faisalabad from 1st June 2007 to 31st May 2008.Methodology: 200 patients of placenta previa, 100 with history of previous cesarean sectionand 100 without history of previous C-section fulfilling inclusion criteria were taken. They wereevaluated by history, examination and ultrasound noting placental location and type. Placentaaccreta was diagnosed during delivery. Results: Out of 200 patients, frequency of placentaaccreta was significantly increased with history of previous C-section. It was 20% in patientswith previous C-sections and 6% in patients without previous C-sections. Conclusions: Ourdata suggests that frequency of placenta accreta is greater in patients with previous C-sectionand its frequency increases with increasing number of C-sections especially with anterior andcentral placenta previa.
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Septian, Diki, Nurhalina Sari, and Wayan Aryawati. "Factors for Decision to C-section Delivery in Indonesia: Insights from IDHS 2017." Jurnal Bidan Cerdas 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33860/jbc.v5i2.1821.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: Cesarean delivery (C-sections) showed 17.6% of all deliveries in Indonesia, which exceeded the WHO standard of 15%. C-sections in government hospitals reached 20-25%; in private hospitals, the number was higher, above 30%. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the factors influencing the decision of cesarean section delivery in Indonesia. Method: The study used a cross-sectional design. Data came from the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS) 2017. The population and samples were 2,464 women aged 15-49 years—data analysis using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Result: The study found that the proportion of cesarean delivery in private hospitals reached 53.8%. Factors related to the decision to c-section delivery (p<0.05) were maternal education, place of residence, domicile island, spouse's occupation and education, wealth index, health insurance, and antenatal care history. Conclusion: The wealth index was the dominant factor for the decision to c-section delivery. The government is expected to be able to improve the quality of services and facilities in cesarean section delivery by government hospitals so that it can be the alternative decision for the community with a variety of wealth index and education backgrounds.
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Govardhanam, V., P. Tandon, and V. huang. "A181 CAUSES FOR C-SECTION IN IBD PATIENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 4, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2021): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab002.179.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) or IBD-unclassified. Current expert guidelines recommend only two IBD-related reasons to consider C-section: perianal CD and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) history. However, the incidence of C section among IBD patients is higher than the non-IBD patients. There is a sparsity of literature on what other factors influence the decision to perform caesarean delivery among IBD patients. Aims To investigate IBD-related and non-IBD related reasons leading to C-section in IBD patients. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on women with IBD, &gt;18 years of age and/or older, who delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto 2016–2019. OB records and OR records were reviewed to obtain information specific to C-section. Results A total of 119 deliveries were reviewed. 47 out of the 119 had C-section delivery. 42.9% (N=21) of C-section was in UC patients and 57.1% (N=28) was in CD patients. Maternal request comprised 2.1% (N=1) and arrest of cervical dilation 6.4% (N=3). 20.4% (N=10) patients failed vaginal delivery. Only 8.7% of C-section deliveries were Primiparous. 42.9% (N=12) of patients from the CD category that underwent C-section had fistulizing CD. 46.4% (N=13) of patients with CD had stricturing CD and underwent C-Section. 63.8% (N=30) of the patients that had C-section had planned C-Section. 26.6% (N=8) of the planned C-section was due to a history of the perianal disease and only 13.3% (N=4) had an active perianal disease. Other causes for planned C-section included J-pouch (10%, N=3) and active UC (2.1%, N=1). As per expert recommendation, we would anticipate 14% of patients to have C-section due to IBD related reasons however we found that 30% of the patients had C-section due to IBD related reasons. Conclusions Based on the preliminary data from our retrospective study we find that 30% of the C-sections were due to IBD related reasons and 70% C-sections were from non-IBD related reasons. Funding Agencies None
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Heliyana HR, Okto, Amin Susanto, and Ikit Netra Wirakhmi. "Relationship Between Age and Blood Pressure in Patients Postoperative Sectio Caesarea." Java Nursing Journal 2, no. 3 (October 1, 2024): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.61716/jnj.v2i3.85.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Cesarean section (C-section) is a surgical procedure for childbirth, involving an incision in the uterine wall through the abdomen, typically indicated for various medical reasons. Spinal anesthesia is commonly employed during C-sections, although it is associated with side effects such as fluctuations in blood pressure. The majority of C-section patients under spinal anesthesia are between 20 and 35 years of age, considered the optimal reproductive years for pregnancy and childbirth. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between age and blood pressure in postoperative C-section patients under spinal anesthesia. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational-analytical study design was used, involving 81 purposively sampled respondents. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation to assess the relationship between age and blood pressure postoperatively. Findings: The majority of respondents (67.9%) were aged between 20 and 35 years. Postoperative blood pressure in the recovery room was predominantly within the normal range, with 71.6% of patients displaying normal blood pressure levels. A statistically significant correlation was found between age and blood pressure, with a p-value ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: Age is significantly associated with postoperative blood pressure in patients undergoing C-sections under spinal anesthesia. This finding highlights the importance of monitoring blood pressure in this population to ensure optimal recovery outcomes.
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Martínez-Garrido, Pablo, Jimena Fritz, Alejandra Montoya, Mayra J. Garza, and Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa. "Obstetric risk profiles and causes of death: Estimating their association with cesarean sections among maternal deaths in Mexico." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 9, 2024): e0302369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302369.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Maternal mortality is a critical indicator of healthcare quality, and in Mexico, this has become increasingly concerning due to the stagnation in its decline, alongside a concurrent increase in cesarean section (C-section) rates. This study characterizes maternal deaths in Mexico, focusing on estimating the association between obstetric risk profiles, cause of death, and mode of delivery. Methods Utilizing a retrospective observational design, 4,561 maternal deaths in Mexico from 2010–2014 were analyzed. Data were sourced from the Deliberate Search and Reclassification of Maternal Deaths database, alongside other national databases. An algorithm was developed to extract the Robson Ten Group Classification System from clinical summaries text, facilitating a nuanced analysis of C-section rates. Information on the reasons for the performance of a C-section was also obtained. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the relation between obstetric risk factors, mode of delivery and causes of maternal death, adjusting for covariates. Results Among maternal deaths in Mexico from 2010–2014, 47.1% underwent a C-section, with a significant history of previous C-sections observed in 31.4% of these cases, compared to 17.4% for vaginal deliveries (p<0.001). Early prenatal care in the first trimester was more common in C-section cases (46.8%) than in vaginal deliveries (38.3%, p<0.001). A stark contrast was noted in the place of death, with 82.4% of post-C-section deaths occurring in public institutions versus 69.1% following vaginal births. According to Robson’s classification, the highest C-section rates were in Group 4 (67.2%, p<0.001) and Group 8 (66.9%, p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed no significant difference in the odds of receiving a C-section in private versus other settings after adjusting for Robson criteria (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.60). A prior C-section significantly increased the likelihood of another (OR: 2.38; CI 95%: 2.01, 2.81). The analysis also indicated C-sections were significantly tied to deaths from hypertensive disorders (RRR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.12, 1.40]). In terms of indications, 6.3% of C-sections were performed under inadequate indications, while the indication was not identifiable in 33.1% of all C-sections. Conclusions This study highlights a significant overuse of C-sections among maternal deaths in Mexico (2010–2014), revealed through the Robson classification and ana analysis of the reported indications for the procedure. It underscores the need for revising clinical decision-making to promote evidence-based guidelines and favor vaginal deliveries when possible. High C-section rates, especially noted disparities between private and public sectors, suggest economic and non-clinical factors may be at play. The importance of accurate data systems and further research with control groups to understand C-section practices’ impact on maternal health is emphasized.
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Manjunath, Usha, and M. R. Deepashree. "Plan–Do–Check–Act Method to Reduce Cesarean Section Deliveries at a Tertiary Hospital: A Teaching Case Study." Journal of Academy of Hospital Administration 35, no. 2 (July 2023): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jaha.jaha_8_24.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cesarean section (C-Section) rates >10–15 is not justifiable in any setting. However, the number of C-sections performed has steadily increased in both affluent and low- and middle-income nations in the past three decades. About 21% increase in the number of C-sections was observed from the National Family Health Surveys 4 to 5 in India. Studies have clearly shown a disparity in C-section rates between rural–urban, private–public health institutions, and high–low educated women. The present teaching case study details of quality improvement project using plan–do–check–act (PDCA) for reducing C-section in a tertiary care hospital. The case study highlights the implementation of PDCA cycle using team approach, capacity building, standardizing of clinical protocols, audit, and addressing nonclinical factors associated with C-section. Proven methods for path to change for improvement from the literature are used for designing of PDCA cycle. Hospitals planning to reduce elective C-section deliveries can adopt and adapt the plans and methods described in this teaching case study.
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Maria, Hafiza Amatur Rehman, Noreen Nasim, Abida Rehman, Saleha ., Ammara Batool, and Hafiz Muhammad Irfan Yasin. "“Association Between Placenta Previa and Previous C-Sections”." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): 1733–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571733.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Placenta Previa is defined as a condition where the placenta covers the opening of the cervix. It can cause severe bleeding during pregnancy. Its incidence is about 0.28–2%. Objective: The main objective of this study was to find any association between placenta previa and previous C-section among patients presenting at Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out from April 2019 to October 2019 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit III, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. 60 patients were selected aged 18-40 years with singleton pregnancy at gestational age more than 24 weeks and having history of one or more cesarean sections in previous pregnancies were included in the study. Results: 60 patients included in this study had mean age of 32.31+ 4.0 years, the mean gestational age was 32.02+ 3.21 weeks. Out of 60 cases, 2(9.5%) placenta previa was seen in one previous C-Section, 3(8.6%) and 1(25%) placenta previa were seen in 2nd 3rd previous C-section respectively. Placenta previa less seen in 2(9.1%) cases with abortion as compare to 4(10.5%) cases with no abortion. The smoking history was seen in only 2(40%) cases having placenta previa. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study that placenta previa is not so common in pregnancies after cesarean section but its number is significantly high in cases that had previous 1 or 2 cesarean sections. Keywords: Placenta Previa, C-section, multiparity, vaginal bleeding
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Ashfaq, Tehreem, Khuram Ashfaq, Muhammad Anees-ur Rehman, Nasir Ali, and Muhammad Tariq. "A cross-sectional study to assess the frequency and determinants of cesarean section in three cities of Punjab." Pakistan BioMedical Journal 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i1.299.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract:
 Objective: The increasing frequency of cesarean section (CS) is a major public health issue, and it is on the rise in Pakistan. The study aimed to investigate the frequency of caesarean section and assess the determinants of increasing frequency in three cities of Punjab.
 Study design: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary hospitals of Faisalabad, Chichawatni and Multan. Period: January 2020 to August 2020.
 Material and Methods: Data collection was done by using a self-developed study questionnaire. Results: The study's findings showed that at the time of first delivery, 52% of participants were at the age of 21 to 25 years. About 33% of participants had C-sections due to complications, while 14% preferred C-section without any complication to normal delivery. Relatively lower rates were found among less educated, poor families and in rural areas. A higher rate was observed in well-educated women, women from rich families and the urban regions. The majority of females are found to be totally dependent on their decision of C-section on their gynaecologist.
 Conclusion: Overall increasing trend of C- section in selected cities has been observed. Data of the study suggests the need for proper awareness to couples about preoperative and postoperative cares. This will help to reduce both infant mortality rates and maternal mortality rates in Punjab.
 Key Words: Frequency of C-section: Pregnancy complications: C-section: Gestational diabetes
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Mootseng, Tsholofelo Ethan, Sheehama Jacob, and Pinehas Lucia. "Caesarian Section Rates at Windhoek Referal Hospitals, Namibia by Robson Classification: A 3 Month Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. XI (2024): 892–900. https://doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.11110069.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: There has been a global rise in caesarian sections that translates into a rise in maternal and foetal morbidity that is associated with caesarian section. A tool needs to be in place to monitor the caesarian sections and deal with this rise. The WHO recommended the use of the Robson Ten Group Classification this tool. Methodology: Women who delivered via caesarian section between 01 May 2024 and 31 July 2024 were classified according to the Robson Ten Groups Classification. Those who’s files were missing were not classified and hence excluded from the analysis. Indications in each group as well as the overall indications were noted and the caesarian section rate during the study period was also determined. Results: The overall caesarean section rate during the study period was 36.6%. Group 5, 10 and 1 contributed 30.5% [242/794], 17.6% [140/794] and16.4% [130/794], respectively these were the highest groups contributing 64.6% of the total c-sections. The most common indication for c-section was a pathological cardiotocography (foetal distress) Conclusions: Attempts should be made to avoid the first c/section as group 5 being high is shows that women receiving a c-section are at a higher risk for a subsequent one. Intrapartum foetal monitoring practices should be revised to prevent or reduce the rise in c-sections due to a pathological CTG.
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Bina, Ismatara, Ayman Kazi, and Kazi Islam. "A Study on Reasons for Caesarian Section in a Private Hospital in Khulna, Bangladesh." Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 02 (February 28, 2025): 135–38. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2025.v11i02.010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: The rate of caesarean section (C-section) deliveries in Bangladesh has increased significantly in recent years. While C-sections are sometimes medically necessary, their growing prevalence raises concerns about overuse and accessibility. Various factors, including medical, social, economic, and institutional influences, contribute to the high rate of C-sections in the country. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the causes and factors influencing the rise of C-sections among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Methodology: This was a randomized prospective study conducted between 2018 and 2020 at Khalishpur Clinic. A total of 532 pregnant women were enrolled, and data were collected from patient records including demographic details, medical history, and reasons for undergoing a C-section. The study analyzed the frequency and distribution of various factors contributing to C-section deliveries, and statistical analysis was performed to identify the most common causes. Results: Among the 532 pregnant women, 413 (77.5%) underwent C-section, and 119 (22.5%) had a normal delivery. The mean age at delivery was 24.2 years (SD 4.6). The leading cause for C-sections was patient request, accounting for 41.5% of cases (n=171), of which 34.1% had no complications and 7.4% had minor complications. Other notable causes included premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (11.9%), post-dated pregnancy (9.7%), and previous C-sections (9.0%). Additionally, 27.6% of C-sections were performed due to other medical reasons. Conclusion: The study found a high rate of C-sections in Bangladesh, with a significant proportion being elective, driven by patient preference. This highlights a cultural shift towards viewing C-sections as a safer, more predictable form of delivery. The findings emphasize the need for improved prenatal care, particularly in rural areas, and greater public awareness regarding the risks and benefits of different delivery methods. Addressing both medical and socio-cultural factors is essential for reducing unnecessary C-sections and promoting safer, evidence-based childbirth practices.
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Malla, Rosy Vaidya, Chanda Hamal, Bibhusan Neupane, and Ratna Khatri. "Analysis of Cesarean Section Using Robson’s 10-Group Classification at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Nepal." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 17, no. 2 (July 25, 2018): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v17i2.20290.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: Obstetric Services commenced at the teaching institute where this study was conducted from Aug 2012. Hence, a review of the data of C-section in this hospital is needed for standardisation of the obstetric services in terms of the rate of C-section, its various clinical indications and maternal and fetal outcomes.Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out over a period of 5 years from Aug 13, 2012 to Aug 11, 2017. All hospital deliveries conducted during the study period were included in this study and the patients’ details obtained from hospital records. All data obtained was recorded in master charts and analysed using SPSS version 23. The caesarean rate, its indications were calculated and categorised into groups according to Robson’s 10-group classification. Results: A total number of 4892 deliveries were conducted over this 5-year study period. C-section was performed in 1104 patients, giving a C-section rate of 22.57%. The most common indications were previous C-section (25.4%), fetal distress (14.3%) and breech presentation (10.3%). Robson’s Group 1 was the highest contributors to the overall CS rate, contributing 28% of all C-sections, followed by Group 5 (26.8%) and Group 3 (15.5%).Conclusions: Nulliparous and multiparous women in term pregnancy in labor and women with previous C-section contribute to more than 70% of overall C-sections at our centre. Hence, close monitoring of these groups of patients, increasing the use of instrumental delivery and practice of vaginal birth after C-section can significantly reduce the C-section rate in our centre.
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Morabu, Clement, Dismas Matovelo, Anthony Massinde, Albert Kihunrwa, and Benson Kidenya. "Factors Associated with Women with Multiple Caesarean Deliveries Presenting in Labour and their Fetomaternal Outcomes in Mwanza Region, Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Health Research 23, no. 2 (August 10, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v23i2.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Emergency caesarean section(C-section) for women with two or more uterine scars is documented to be associated with poor fetomaternal outcomes. The World Health Organization recommends elective C-section for women with two or more previous scars. However, in Tanzania there is a paucity of data for women with two or more prior C-sections and how it contributes to increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality when they come in active labour without a planned delivery. The purpose of the study was to determine factors associated with pregnant women with multiple C-section deliveries presenting in labour and their fetomaternal outcomes.
 Methods: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study, involving 275 pregnant women who underwent C-section due to multiple uterine scars in the Mwanza region. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected serially until the sample size was reached using a structured questionnaire and patients’ files. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13.0 software.
 Results: All pregnant women with two or more previous uterine scars attended antenatal care (ANC) and the majority, 62.2%, had four or more visits. However, 61.9% were not told of the need for elective C-section. In addition, 26% were not counselled about the obstetric danger signs. Among the study participants, 66.6% presented with labour pain requiring emergency C-section, 13.1% had postpartum hemorrhage and 3.3% had ruptured uterus. There were 3.3% peri-natal deaths and 10.9% required newborn resuscitation. The associated factors for women with two or more C-section scars presenting in active labour were: having the last ANC visit at primary healthcare (PHC) facility (p=0.046), unemployment (p<0.001), visiting ANC <4 visits (p=0.002) or being attended by a non-physician health provider in her last ANC visit(p<0.001).
 Conclusion: Parturient women with uterine scars, when attending primary health care facilities for their ANC visits, ought to be counselled and referred to high facilities with clinicians who can plan an elective c-section delivery.
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Khadse, Rushikesh Premdas. "Analysis of socio-economic factors influencing caesarean section rates in Maharashtra, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 13, no. 4 (March 28, 2024): 916–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20240787.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: The aim of the present study is to investigate the socio-demographic and economic determinants of caesarean (C-) section deliveries in Maharashtra. The paper also focuses to estimate inequalities in C-section deliveries in the state. Methods: The fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019-21 was used to accomplish the objective. Univariate, bivariate and logistic regression were used to ascertain the determinants of C-section. Results: The prevalence of C-section delivery in India rose from 2.9% during 1992-93 to 10.6% in 2005-06 and to 21.5% during 2019-21. The proportion of C-section delivery in Maharashtra during 2019-21 is observed to be 25.4%, with 18.3% of the deliveries occurring at public health facility, while 38.9% of the deliveries takes place in private health care settings. Women residing in urban areas, belonging to richer wealth asset index and having higher educational qualification are found to have greater chance of caesarean deliveries. Conclusions: The study reveals that C-sections have increased dramatically in Maharashtra over the previous three decades. The hospital administration is encouraged to take effective actions to reduce the likelihood of needless C-sections while retaining medical justification for C-section births.
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Ray, Amita, Arun Gopi, and Sujoy Ray. "Comparing WHO C-Model generated C-Section probabilities to actual delivery outcomes in a tertiary care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 1 (December 25, 2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175851.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: A model which takes into account several relevant factors and gives the probability of C-Section in a woman would have the advantage of preparing for such an event. The identification of women at high risk of C-Section (>50% risk) would provide the opportunity for understanding risks involved in pursuing a vaginal delivery whereas if the risk of C-Section was less (<50%) it would prove useful in counselling for a vaginal delivery. We used the WHO C-Model with the aim to find the predictability of this model in our facility and the overuse of C-section in the 10 Robson’s Groups.Methods: A retrospective observational study in which all women who gave birth at our hospital from June 2016 to May 2017 were included and C-Section probability was calculated using the C-Model. Comparison with the actual mode of delivery was done to find the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the model and the overuse of C-Section in the Robson’s Groups.Results: Out of the 314 C-Sections done only 45 women had a >50% probability, giving the model a sensitivity of 14.33%, specificity of 98.8%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 60.56%. Robson’s Groups 5 and 3 demonstrated the greatest overuse of C-Sections.Conclusions: The WHO Model when applied to this centre showed a high positive predictive value for C-Sections but the negative predictive value or the ability to correctly predict a vaginal delivery was much less.
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Ray, Amita, and Sumy Jose. "Analysis of Caesarean-Section rates according to Robson's ten group classification system and evaluating the indications within the groups." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170066.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: With Caesarean sections on the rise WHO proposes that health care facilities use the Robson's 10 group classification system to audit their C-sections rates. This classification would help understand the internal structure of the CS rates at individual health facilities identify key population groups, indications in each group and formulate strategies to reduce these rates.Methods: This was a cross sectional study for a period of 24 months at a tertiary care hospital in a tribal area of Kerala South India. Women who delivered during this period were included and classified into 10 Robson's classes and percentages were calculated for the overall rate, the representation of groups, contribution of groups and Caesarean percentage in each group.Results: Highest contribution was by Group 5 and Group 2. Together these two groups contributed to 38% of the total Caesareans. Followed by Group 8 and 10. All four added contributed to 63% of the section rate The least contribution was by Group 3. Groups 6, 7 and 9 by themselves did not contribute much but within their groups had a 100% C-Section rate.Conclusions: The contribution of the various Robson's Group to the absolute C-Section rates needs to be looked into. Reducing primary section rates, adequate counselling and encouraging for VBAC, changing the norms for dystocia and non-reassuring fetal status, training and encouraging obstetricians to perform versions when not contraindicated could reduce the contribution of Robson's groups towards the absolute C-Section rates.