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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Chemical reaction"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

DE LACY COSTELLO, B. P. J., I. JAHAN, A. ADAMATZKY, and N. M. RATCLIFFE. "CHEMICAL TESSELLATIONS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 02 (2009): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409023238.

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We report a simple set of chemical reactions based on the reaction of a range of metal salts with potassium ferricyanide loaded gels that spontaneously produce complex and colorful tessellations of the plane. These reactions provide a great resource for scientific demonstrations, whilst also constituting an important class of nonlinear pattern forming reaction.

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2

Sieniutycz, Stanisław. "A Fermat-like Principle for Chemical Reactions in Heterogeneous Systems." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 09, no. 03 (2002): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1019708629128.

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We formulate a variational principle of Fermat type for chemical kinetics in heterogeneous reacting systems. The principle is consistent with the notion of ‘intrinsic reaction coordinate’ (IRC), the idea of ‘chemical resistance’ (CR) and the second law of thermodynamics. The Lagrangian formalism applies a nonlinear functional of entropy production that follows from classical (single-phase) nonequilibrium thermodynamics of chemically reacting systems or its extension for multiphase systems involving interface reactions and transports. For a chemical flux, a “law of bending” is found which impli

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3

Blurock, Edward S. "Reaction: System for Modeling Chemical Reactions." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 35, no. 3 (1995): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci00025a032.

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4

Schwaller, Philippe, Benjamin Hoover, Jean-Louis Reymond, Hendrik Strobelt, and Teodoro Laino. "Extraction of organic chemistry grammar from unsupervised learning of chemical reactions." Science Advances 7, no. 15 (2021): eabe4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe4166.

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Humans use different domain languages to represent, explore, and communicate scientific concepts. During the last few hundred years, chemists compiled the language of chemical synthesis inferring a series of “reaction rules” from knowing how atoms rearrange during a chemical transformation, a process called atom-mapping. Atom-mapping is a laborious experimental task and, when tackled with computational methods, requires continuous annotation of chemical reactions and the extension of logically consistent directives. Here, we demonstrate that Transformer Neural Networks learn atom-mapping infor

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5

Krupali, Mali1* Ankita Kulkarni2 Rutuja Kokane3 Ankita Matere4 Tushar Bagul5 Vivek Chaudhari6. "Chem Tech: A Techway Towards Learning." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2025): 204–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14591965.

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Simulating chemical reactions plays a vital role in research, education, and various industries. Conventional laboratory methods for testing these reactions can be both time-consuming and expensive, necessitating specific conditions, chemicals, and safety measures. Virtual chemical simulators, such as Chem Tech, provide students, researchers, and professionals the opportunity to explore reactions immediately without the need for physical materials. ChemTech is an advanced application designed to facilitate the simulation of chemical reactions efficiently. This application aims to enable users

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6

Kikuchi, Shin, Hiroyuki Ohshima, and Kenro Hashimoto. "ICONE19-43782 Reaction Path Analysis of Sodium-Water Reaction Phenomena in support of Chemical Reaction Model Development." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011): _ICONE1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1943_304.

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7

Marris, Emma. "Chemical reaction." Nature 437, no. 7060 (2005): 807–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/437807a.

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8

Challen, John. "Chemical Reaction." Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technology International 2021, no. 3 (2021): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1467-5560(22)60257-4.

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9

Wu, Jun-Lin, Zhi-Hui Li, Ao-Ping Peng, Xing-Cai Pi, and Xin-Yu Jiang. "Utility computable modeling of a Boltzmann model equation for bimolecular chemical reactions and numerical application." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (2022): 046111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088440.

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A Boltzmann model equation (kinetic model) involving the chemical reaction of a multicomponent gaseous mixture is derived based on Groppi's work [“A Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook-type approach for chemically reacting gas mixtures,” Phys. Fluids 16, 4273 (2004)], in which the relaxation parameters of elastic collision frequency for rigid elastic spheres are obtained based on the collision term, and the pivotal collision frequency of the chemical reaction is deduced from the chemical reaction rate that is determined by the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. This kinetic model is shown to be co

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10

Vaishali, Rao*1 &. Viplove Mishra2. "COMPARISON OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL VALUES OF THE KINETICS OF HYDROLYSIS OF ETHYL ACETATE." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES [FRTSSDS- June 2018] (June 22, 2018): 374–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1296266.

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The principles of chemical kinetics apply to purely physical processes as well as to chemical reactions. Study of chemical kinetics is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is to be contrasted with thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a process occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate. Present paper reveals the Chemical kinetics, of some chemicals such as ethyl acetate with the help of conductometeric titration. Thermodynamics is time’s arrow, while chemical kinetics is time’s clock. Chemical kinetics relates to many

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11

Dunning, Thom H., Elfi Kraka, and Robert A. Eades. "Insights into the mechanisms of chemical reactions. Reaction paths for chemical reactions." Faraday Discussions of the Chemical Society 84 (1987): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dc9878400427.

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12

Lazaridis, Filippos, Aditya Savara, and Panos Argyrakis. "Reaction efficiency effects on binary chemical reactions." Journal of Chemical Physics 141, no. 10 (2014): 104103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4894791.

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13

Cerón, María Luisa, Eleonora Echegaray, Soledad Gutiérrez-Oliva, Bárbara Herrera, and Alejandro Toro-Labbé. "The reaction electronic flux in chemical reactions." Science China Chemistry 54, no. 12 (2011): 1982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11426-011-4447-z.

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14

Field, Richard J. "Chaos in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 34 (2015): 1530015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491530015x.

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The dynamics of reacting chemical systems is governed by typically polynomial differential equations that may contain nonlinear terms and/or embedded feedback loops. Thus the dynamics of such systems may exhibit features associated with nonlinear dynamical systems, including (among others): temporal oscillations, excitability, multistability, reaction-diffusion-driven formation of spatial patterns, and deterministic chaos. These behaviors are exhibited in the concentrations of intermediate chemical species. Bifurcations occur between particular dynamic behaviors as system parameters are varied

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15

Zhang, Xiaolong, and Zheng Zhong. "Thermo-Chemo-Elasticity Considering Solid State Reaction and the Displacement Potential Approach to Quasi-Static Chemo-Mechanical Problems." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 10, no. 10 (2018): 1850112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825118501120.

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Engineering materials and structures represent complex behaviors when reacting to superposed influences of mechanical forces, high temperature, diffusion and reaction of chemicals, which could cause large internal stresses and further induce cracks or failure. To determine the material reliability and integrity, the multi-field interactions and stresses/strains evolutions need to be identified at first. We proposed a theory of thermo-chemo-elasticity considering solid state reactions between the solid phase and absorbed chemicals in a stressed-solid. Both diffusion–reaction induced chemical st

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16

Von Korff, Modest, and Thomas Sander. "Molecular Complexity for Chemical Reactions." CHIMIA 77, no. 4 (2023): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2023.258.

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A new method is presented on how to calculate molecular complexity for chemical reactions by the fractal dimension of educts and products. Two pathways for the total synthesis of strychnine were compared. Significant differences in the two synthesis pathways were reflected by reaction complexity. These results demonstrate that reaction complexity is a powerful measure to group chemical reactions beyond substructural changes.

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17

Zhong, Wei, and Zhou Tian. "The Chemical Kinetic Numerical Computation and Kinetic Model Parameters Estimating of Parallel Reactions with Different Reaction Orders." Advanced Materials Research 560-561 (August 2012): 1126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.560-561.1126.

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Abstract. Parallel reaction is a common reaction of chemical kinetics, and there are two types of parallel reactions according to the reaction orders equivalence: parallel reactions with same reaction orders and parallel reactions with different reaction orders. For the reason that the reaction orders are different, the chemical kinetic numerical computation and kinetic model parameters estimating of parallel reactions with different reaction orders is more complicated than parallel reactions with same reaction orders. In this paper, the 4th order Runge-Kutta method was employed to solve the n

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18

Guo, Jeff, Bojana Ranković, and Philippe Schwaller. "Bayesian Optimization for Chemical Reactions." CHIMIA 77, no. 1/2 (2023): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2023.31.

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Reaction optimization is challenging and traditionally delegated to domain experts who iteratively propose increasingly optimal experiments. Problematically, the reaction landscape is complex and often requires hundreds of experiments to reach convergence, representing an enormous resource sink. Bayesian optimization (BO) is an optimization algorithm that recommends the next experiment based on previous observations and has recently gained considerable interest in the general chemistry community. The application of BO for chemical reactions has been demonstrated to increase efficiency in optim

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19

Haddon, R. C., and S. Y. Chow. "Hybridization as a metric for the reaction coordinate of the chemical reaction. Concert in chemical reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 2 (1999): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971020289.

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20

Maiti, Shyantani, Sanjay Ram, and Somnath Pal. "Extension of Ugi's Scheme for Model-Driven Classification of Chemical Reactions." International Journal of Chemoinformatics and Chemical Engineering 4, no. 1 (2015): 26–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcce.2015010103.

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The first step to predict the outcome of a chemical reaction is to classify existing chemical reactions, on the basis of which possible outcome of unknown reaction can be predicted. There are two approaches for classification of chemical reactions: Model-Driven and Data-Driven. In model-driven approach, chemical structures are usually stored in a computer as molecular graphs. Such graphs can also be represented as matrices. The most preferred matrix representation to store molecular graph is Bond-Electron matrix (BE-matrix). The Reaction matrix (R-matrix) of a chemical reaction can be obtained

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21

Mundschau, M., and B. Rausenberger. "Chemical Reaction Fronts on Platinum Surfaces." Platinum Metals Review 35, no. 4 (1991): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/003214091x354188195.

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In many chemical reactions catalysed on platinum surfaces it is necessary that two reactants be adsorbed simultaneously. Often one reactant is so strongly adsorbed that it blocks the adsorption of the second; such a reaction is said to be self-poisoned. An example is the oxidation of carbon monoxide, where carbon monoxide forms a strongly adsorbed monolayer which effectively blocks the adsorption and decomposition of oxygen. Photoelectron microscopy shows, however, that oxygen can penetrate the carbon monoxide film at special defect sites, typically inclusions or microdust particles, on the pl

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22

Peng, Zhen, Jeff Linderoth, and David A. Baum. "The hierarchical organization of autocatalytic reaction networks and its relevance to the origin of life." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 9 (2022): e1010498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010498.

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Prior work on abiogenesis, the emergence of life from non-life, suggests that it requires chemical reaction networks that contain self-amplifying motifs, namely, autocatalytic cores. However, little is known about how the presence of multiple autocatalytic cores might allow for the gradual accretion of complexity on the path to life. To explore this problem, we develop the concept of a seed-dependent autocatalytic system (SDAS), which is a subnetwork that can autocatalytically self-maintain given a flux of food, but cannot be initiated by food alone. Rather, initiation of SDASs requires the tr

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23

Maas, Ulrich. "Coupling of chemical reaction with flow and molecular transport." Applications of Mathematics 40, no. 3 (1995): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/am.1995.134293.

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24

Yang, Xueming, David C. Clary, and Daniel M. Neumark. "Chemical reaction dynamics." Chemical Society Reviews 46, no. 24 (2017): 7481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs90121f.

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25

Crim, F. F. "Chemical reaction dynamics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 35 (2008): 12647–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805363105.

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26

Levenspiel, Octave. "Chemical Reaction Engineering." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 38, no. 11 (1999): 4140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie990488g.

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27

Field, Richard. "Chemical reaction kinetics." Scholarpedia 3, no. 10 (2008): 4051. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.4051.

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28

Bro, Per. "Chemical reaction automata." Complexity 2, no. 3 (1997): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0526(199701/02)2:3<38::aid-cplx7>3.0.co;2-j.

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29

Hinrichsen, Kai-Olaf, and Elias Klemm. "Chemical Reaction Engineering." Chemical Engineering & Technology 39, no. 11 (2016): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201690063.

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30

Horno, José, and Carlos F. González-Fernández. "Analysis of chemical reaction systems by means of network thermodynamics." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 9 (1989): 2335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19892335.

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The simple network thermodynamics approach is applied to chemical reaction systems, whereby chemical reactions can be studied avoiding complex mathematical treatment. Steady state reaction rates are obtained for two chemical reaction systems, viz. the decomposition of ozone and the reaction of hydrogen with bromine. The rate equations so obtained agree with those derived from the chemical kinetics concept.

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31

Velasco, Pablo Quijano, Kedar Hippalgaonkar, and Balamurugan Ramalingam. "Emerging trends in the optimization of organic synthesis through high-throughput tools and machine learning." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 21 (January 6, 2025): 10–38. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.21.3.

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The discovery of the optimal conditions for chemical reactions is a labor-intensive, time-consuming task that requires exploring a high-dimensional parametric space. Historically, the optimization of chemical reactions has been performed by manual experimentation guided by human intuition and through the design of experiments where reaction variables are modified one at a time to find the optimal conditions for a specific reaction outcome. Recently, a paradigm change in chemical reaction optimization has been enabled by advances in lab automation and the introduction of machine learning algori

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32

Cheng, Maurice M. W. "Students' visualisation of chemical reactions – insights into the particle model and the atomic model." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 19, no. 1 (2018): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6rp00235h.

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This paper reports on an interview study of 18 Grade 10–12 students’ model-based reasoning of a chemical reaction: the reaction of magnesium and oxygen at the submicro level. It has been proposed that chemical reactions can be conceptualised using two models: (i) theparticle model, in which a reaction is regarded as the simple combination and rearrangement of reactant particles and does not involve any change in the identity of the reactants, and (ii) theatomic model, wherein a reaction involves the transformation of one chemical species into another. This paper suggests that although theparti

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33

Domingos, Mariana G., and Silvana S. S. Cardoso. "Turbulent thermals with chemical reaction." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 784 (October 28, 2015): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.583.

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This study investigates the behaviour of a turbulent thermal undergoing a second-order chemical reaction with the fluid entrained from the environment. Environments with uniform and stratified density are considered. We show that the dynamics of such a reactive thermal is fully determined by three dimensionless groups, $N/E$, $G/R$ and $R/E$, where $N$ is the buoyancy frequency of the environment, $G$ measures the ability of the reaction to change buoyancy, $R$ reflects the rate of consumption of the chemical species and $E$ is the rate of entrainment of reactive species from the environment.

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34

De Corato, Marco, and Ignacio Pagonabarraga. "Onsager reciprocal relations and chemo-mechanical coupling for chemically active colloids." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 8 (2022): 084901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098425.

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Similar to cells, bacteria, and other micro-organisms, synthetic chemically active colloids can harness the energy from their environment through a surface chemical reaction and use the energy to self-propel in fluidic environments. In this paper, we study the chemo-mechanical coupling that leads to the self-propulsion of chemically active colloids. The coupling between chemical reactions and momentum transport is a consequence of Onsager reciprocal relations. They state that the velocity and the surface reaction rate are related to mechanical and chemical affinities through a symmetric matrix

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35

Kol'tsov, Nikolay I. "CHAOTIC OSCILLATIONS IN SIMPLEST CHEMICAL REACTION." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 4-5 (2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186104-05.5654.

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It is known that chaotic oscillations for chemical reactions can be described by non-stationary kinetic models consisting of three ordinary differential equations. Rossler established the first examples of chemical reactions, including the two-route five-stage reaction of the Villamovski-Rossler, with three intermediate substances, containing three autocatalytic on intermediates stages, the dynamic model of which describes chaotic oscillations. In given article presents a simple one-route four-stages reaction A+E=D involving two autocatalytic and one linear on intermediate stage, the non-stati

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36

Melissas, Vasilios S., Donald G. Truhlar, and Bruce C. Garrett. "Optimized calculations of reaction paths and reaction‐path functions for chemical reactions." Journal of Chemical Physics 96, no. 8 (1992): 5758–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462674.

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37

Hiraoka, K., T. Sato, and T. Takayama. "Laboratory Simulation of Chemical Reactions in Interstellar Ices." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 197 (2000): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900164873.

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The reactions of H atoms with solid thin films at 10 K were studied by using thermal desorption mass spectrometry and FT-IR spectroscopy. The N, C, and O atoms trapped in solid matrices were converted efficiently to fully hydrogenated compounds. In the reaction of H atoms with a solid CO film, the formation of formaldehyde and methanol were confirmed. The relatively low yield of the reaction products suggests either the smaller rate constants of the H atom addition reactions to CO and/or the occurrence of the hydrogen abstraction reaction H + HCO → H2+ CO. The reactions of H atoms with thin fi

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38

Kitamura, Shin-ya. "Kinetics of Metal Smelting ReactionⅡ ―Chemical Reaction Rate―." Materia Japan 60, no. 3 (2021): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.60.181.

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39

Hartke, B., and J. Manz. "Do chemical reactions react along the reaction path?" Journal of the American Chemical Society 110, no. 10 (1988): 3063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00218a011.

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Bernhard Grob and Rudolf Riesen. "Reaction calorimetry for the development of chemical reactions." Thermochimica Acta 114, no. 1 (1987): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(87)80244-7.

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Carpenter, K. J. "Chemical reaction engineering aspects of fine chemicals manufacture." Chemical Engineering Science 56, no. 2 (2001): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(00)00231-1.

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42

Sharma, Gitalee, Surashmi Bhattacharyya, and Niranjan Bora. "Matrix method for balancing chemical equations of few ‎significant inorganic reactions." International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 14, no. 2 (2025): 22–28. https://doi.org/10.14419/8g6xtb36.

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Abstract (sommario):

Balancing chemical equations provides a unified framework on understanding and quantifying chemical reactions, making it a fundamental ‎tool in chemistry. The prime objectives to balanced chemical equations are to make both sides of the reaction, the reactants as well as the ‎products, possess the same number of atoms per element. It is worth mentioning that understanding how and in what amounts certain mole-‎cules are created is made easier with the use of chemical reactions. It also indicates the quantity of reactants required to complete the reaction. ‎These two identities of a chemical rea

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May, Andrew S., Sarvarjon Talipov, Moses D. Chilunda, and Elizabeth J. Biddinger. "Probing the Reaction Mechanisms for Electroreduction of Furanics on Copper." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 25 (2024): 2054. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02252054mtgabs.

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The increase of renewables on the electricity grid and diversification of chemical feedstocks offers opportunities for electrochemical reactions to be performed. Biomass-derived feedstocks can be upgraded electrochemically at the biorefinery before use or transportation for further valorization. Furanics are commonly found biomass-derived chemicals as a result of biomass upgrading from pyrolysis and other conversion methods and are considered key platform chemicals. Additionally, furfural is produced commercially, making it an existing feedstock stream that can be upgraded directly. 5-Hydroxym

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Mallick, Abhijit. "Study of Nature of Chemical Reactions using pH-Meter." International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 25, no. 4 (2024): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i4870.

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In general, nature of chemical reactions are studied by separating the products followed by analyzing the products using different methods like spectroscopic method, chromatohgraphic method etc. The objective of the present study is to investigate nature of chemical reactions using pH-meter. Two types of reactions are studied: (a) neutralization of a given NA2CO3 solution by HCl solution and (b) neutralization of a given NaOH solution by oxalic acid solution. In both the cases, one component is acid and the other component is base. So, a salt is produced as the main product but the nature of t

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45

Sato and Nakamura. "Protein Chemical Labeling Using Biomimetic Radical Chemistry." Molecules 24, no. 21 (2019): 3980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213980.

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Chemical labeling of proteins with synthetic low-molecular-weight probes is an important technique in chemical biology. To achieve this, it is necessary to use chemical reactions that proceed rapidly under physiological conditions (i.e., aqueous solvent, pH, low concentration, and low temperature) so that protein denaturation does not occur. The radical reaction satisfies such demands of protein labeling, and protein labeling using the biomimetic radical reaction has recently attracted attention. The biomimetic radical reaction enables selective labeling of the C-terminus, tyrosine, and trypto

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Fuji, Taiki, Shiori Nakazawa, and Kiyoto Ito. "Feasible-metabolic-pathway-exploration technique using chemical latent space." Bioinformatics 36, Supplement_2 (2020): i770—i778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa809.

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Abstract Motivation Exploring metabolic pathways is one of the key techniques for developing highly productive microbes for the bioproduction of chemical compounds. To explore feasible pathways, not only examining a combination of well-known enzymatic reactions but also finding potential enzymatic reactions that can catalyze the desired structural changes are necessary. To achieve this, most conventional techniques use manually predefined-reaction rules, however, they cannot sufficiently find potential reactions because the conventional rules cannot comprehensively express structural changes b

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47

Park, Seong Jun, and M. Y. Choi. "Product molecule numbers and reaction rate fluctuations in elementary reactions." AIP Advances 12, no. 6 (2022): 065308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091597.

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In many chemical reactions, reaction rate fluctuations are inevitable. Whenever chemical reactions occur, reaction rates vary due to their dependence on the number of reaction events or products. Accordingly, understanding the impact of rate fluctuations on the product number counting statistics is of the utmost importance when developing a quantitative explanation of chemical reactions. In this work, we examine the relationship between the reaction rate and product number fluctuations. Product number counting statistics uncover stochastic properties of the product number; the latter directly

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48

Vaida, Veronica, Karl J. Feierabend, Nabilah Rontu, and Kaito Takahashi. "Sunlight-Initiated Photochemistry: Excited Vibrational States of Atmospheric Chromophores." International Journal of Photoenergy 2008 (2008): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/138091.

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Atmospheric chemical reactions are often initiated by ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation since absorption in that wavelength range coincides to typical chemical bond energies. In this review, we present an alternative process by which chemical reactions occur with the excitation of vibrational levels in the ground electronic state by red solar photons. We focus on the O–H vibrational manifold which can be an atmospheric chromophore for driving vibrationally mediated overtone-induced chemical reactions. Experimental and theoretical O–H intensities of several carboxylic acids, alcohols, and peroxi

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49

Козлова, М. А., and В. А. Шаманский. "SEARCHING FOR AN EXTREME COMPONENT CONTENT IN A REACTING SYSTEM USING GRAPH OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS." Proceedings in Cybernetics 22, no. 1 (2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35266/1999-7604-2023-1-21-28.

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The article presents a technique for calculating a maximum amount of a substance in a closed system using a step-by-step graph of chemical reactions. A list of probable one- and two-particle reversible reactions is generated based on the substances that may be a part of the reacting system. The list is narrowed down according to the research objectives and conditions of the reacting system. The obtained list corresponds to the incidence matrix, which is suitable for analyzing the graph via a computer. The search for the maximum amount of the component in question is conducted through the compa

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50

Versteeg, G. F., J. A. M. Kuipers, F. P. H. Van Beckum, and W. P. M. Van Swaaij. "Mass transfer with complex reversible chemical reactions—I. Single reversible chemical reaction." Chemical Engineering Science 44, no. 10 (1989): 2295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(89)85163-2.

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