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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Chromosome inversions"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 18 febbraio 2022

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1

Kaiser, P. E., J. A. Seawright, and B. K. Birky. "Chromosome polymorphism in natural populations of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say species A and B." Genome 30, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-024.

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Ovarian polytene chromosomes from eight populations of Anopheles quadrimaculatus in the southeastern United States were observed for chromosomal polymorphisms. Two sibling species, species A and B, each with intraspecific inversions, were distinguished. Species A correlates with the previously published standard maps for salivary gland and ovarian nurse-cell polytene chromosomes. Species A was found at all eight collection sites, and five of these populations also contained species B. Three inversions on the right arm of chromosome 3 were observed in species A. Species B contained a fixed inve

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2

Ruiz, Alfredo, José María Ranz, Mario Cáceres, and Carmen Segarra. "Chromosomal evolution and comparative gene mapping in the Drosophila repleta species group." Brazilian Journal of Genetics 20, no. 4 (December 1997): 553–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-84551997000400003.

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A review of our recent work on the cromosomal evolution of the Drosophila repleta species group is presented. Most studies have focused on the buzzatii species complex, a monophyletic set of 12 species which inhabit the deserts of South America and the West Indies. A statistical analysis of the length and breakpoint distribution of the 86 paracentric inversions observed in this complex has shown that inversion length is a selected trait. Rare inversions are usually small while evolutionary successful inversions, fixed and polymorphic, are predominantly of medium size. There is also a negative

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3

Fuller, Zachary L., Spencer A. Koury, Christopher J. Leonard, Randee E. Young, Kobe Ikegami, Jonathan Westlake, Stephen Richards, Stephen W. Schaeffer, and Nitin Phadnis. "Extensive Recombination Suppression and Epistatic Selection Causes Chromosome-Wide Differentiation of a Selfish Sex Chromosome in Drosophila pseudoobscura." Genetics 216, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303460.

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Sex-Ratio (SR) chromosomes are selfish X-chromosomes that distort Mendelian segregation and are commonly associated with inversions. These chromosomal rearrangements suppress recombination with Standard (ST) X-chromosomes and are hypothesized to maintain multiple alleles important for distortion in a single large haplotype. Here, we conduct a multifaceted study of the multiply inverted Drosophila pseudoobscura SR chromosome to understand the evolutionary history, genetic architecture, and present-day dynamics that shape this enigmatic selfish chromosome. The D. pseudoobscura SR chromosome has

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4

Ramírez, Corália CL, and Eliana MB Dessen. "Chromosomal evidence for sibling species of the malaria vector Anopheles cruzii." Genome 43, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-103.

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An analysis of the ovarian polytene chromosomes of Anopheles cruzii from three localities in Southeast Brazil revealed the existence of two genetic entities within this morphologically uniform taxon. These cryptic species differed in the banding patterns of the X chromosome and 3L arm. A pattern of bands that cannot be explained by the fixation of any of the known inversions in chromosome X was revealed and named chromosomal form B to distinguish it from the standard pattern of this X chromosome, form A. Each chromosomal form is characterized by a different set of inversions. The lack of heter

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5

Eggleston, William B., Nac R. Rim, and Johng K. Lim. "Molecular Characterization of hobo-Mediated Inversions in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 144, no. 2 (October 1, 1996): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.2.647.

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Abstract The structure of chromosomal inversions mediated by hobo transposable elements in the Uc-1 X chromosome was investigated using cytogenetic and molecular methods. Uc-1 contains a phenotypically silent hobo element inserted in an intron of the Notch locus. Cytological screening identified six independent Notch mutations resulting from chromosomal inversions with one breakpoint at cytological position 3C7, the location of Notch. In situ hybridization to salivary gland polytene chromosomes determined that both ends of each inversion contained hobo and Notch sequences. Southern blot analys

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6

Mahan, M. J., and J. R. Roth. "Ability of a bacterial chromosome segment to invert is dictated by included material rather than flanking sequence." Genetics 129, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 1021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/129.4.1021.

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Abstract Homologous recombination between sequences present in inverse order within the same chromosome can result in inversion formation. We have previously shown that inverse order sequences at some sites (permissive) recombine to generate the expected inversion; no inversions are found when the same inverse order sequences flank other (nonpermissive) regions of the chromosome. In hopes of defining how permissive and nonpermissive intervals are determined, we have constructed a strain that carries a large chromosomal inversion. Using this inversion mutant as the parent strain, we have determ

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7

Brianti, Mitsue T., Galina Ananina, and Louis B. Klaczko. "Differential occurrence of chromosome inversion polymorphisms among Muller's elements in three species of the tripunctata group of Drosophila, including a species with fast chromosomal evolution." Genome 56, no. 1 (January 2013): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2012-0074.

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Abstract (sommario):

Detailed chromosome maps with reliable homologies among chromosomes of different species are the first step to study the evolution of the genetic architecture in any set of species. Here, we present detailed photo maps of the polytene chromosomes of three closely related species of the tripunctata group (subgenus Drosophila): Drosophila mediopunctata, D. roehrae, and D. unipunctata. We identified Muller's elements in each species, using FISH, establishing reliable chromosome homologies among species and D. melanogaster. The simultaneous analysis of chromosome inversions revealed a distribution

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8

Michailova, Paraskeva, Julia Ilkova, Pavlo Kovalenko, Artem Dzhulai, and Iryna Kozeretska. "Long-term retainment of some chromosomal inversions in a local population of Belgica antarctica Jacobs (Diptera, Chironomidae)." Czech Polar Reports 11, no. 1 (August 24, 2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2021-1-3.

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Genome of antarctic endemic Belgica antarctica Jacobs has been sequenced. However, no set of inversion diagnostic markers has ever been assigned for the species. Using the classical method of polytene chromosome squash preparation, we found three heterozygous inversions located on the second (two heterozygous inversions) and third chromosomes (one heterozygous inversion) in the Belgica antarctica population of a cape of Wiencke Island, 500 m to SW from Port Lockroy. The chromosome set and chromosome variability did not differ from those described in the literature (Atchley and Davis 1979). Eve

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9

Miesel, L., A. Segall, and J. R. Roth. "Construction of chromosomal rearrangements in Salmonella by transduction: inversions of non-permissive segments are not lethal." Genetics 137, no. 4 (August 1, 1994): 919–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/137.4.919.

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Abstract Homologous sequences placed in inverse order at particular separated sites in the bacterial chromosome (termed "permissive") can recombine to form an inversion of the intervening chromosome segment. When the same repeated sequences flank other chromosome segments ("non-permissive"), recombination occurs but the expected inversion rearrangement is not found among the products. The failure to recover inversions of non-permissive chromosomal segments could be due to lethal effects of the final rearrangement. Alternatively, local chromosomal features might pose barriers to reciprocal exch

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10

Coyne, J. A., W. Meyers, A. P. Crittenden, and P. Sniegowski. "The fertility effects of pericentric inversions in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 134, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/134.2.487.

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Abstract Heterozygotes for pericentric inversions are expected to be semisterile because recombination in the inverted region produces aneuploid gametes. Newly arising pericentric inversions should therefore be quickly eliminated from populations by natural selection. The occasional polymorphism for such inversions and their fixation among closely related species have supported the idea that genetic drift in very small populations can overcome natural selection in the wild. We studied the effect of 7 second-chromosome and 30 third-chromosome pericentric inversions on the fertility of heterokar

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11

Singh, B. N., and A. K. Singh. "The effects of heterozygous inversions on crossing-over in Drosophila ananassae." Genome 29, no. 5 (October 1, 1987): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-134.

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Crossing-over was studied in females of Drosophila ananassae under different karyotypic combinations to detect the effects of heterozygous inversions by utilizing three recessive markers of the second chromosome. Because of the presence of a subterminal inversion (2L) in the heterozygous condition, crossing-over between the cu and b genes is completely eliminated. However, 2L heterozygosity enhances the level of recombination between the b and se genes. Furthermore, two third chromosome inversions when heterozygous also exert an enhancing effect on crossing-over in the second chromosome. These

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12

Das, Aparup, and B. N. Singh. "Genetic differentiation and inversion clines in Indian natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster." Genome 34, no. 4 (August 1, 1991): 618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-094.

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To study the genetic differentiation and inversion clines in Indian natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster, 14 natural populations (6 from the north and 8 from the south) were screened for chromosome inversions. The chromosomal analysis revealed the presence of 23 paracentric inversions, which include 4 common cosmopolitan, 4 rare cosmopolitan, 2 recurrent endemic, and 13 unique endemic (new inversions detected for the first time) inversions. The difference in karyotype frequencies between populations from the north and south were highly significant and the level of inversion heterozyg

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13

Salceda, Victor. "A prospective study of inversion polymorphism in natural populations of two Drosophila species from eastern Mexico." Genetika 42, no. 3 (2010): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1003407s.

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Relative frequencies for heterozygous inversions in nine populations of D. nebulosa and six of D. willistoni were analyzed. The analysis corresponds to a grand total of 1828 arm chromosomes in which their genotype were determined, of them 404 correspond for each one of the two polymorphic chromosomes, X and III, of D. nebulosa and 204 per chromosome arm in D. willistoni. The more abundant inversions, according to their relative frequencies in D. nebulosa were the XL inversion with 7.9 % and inversion ?A? in the third chromosome with 15.6 %, the remaining inversion found did not reach the ten p

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14

della Torre, A., L. Merzagora, J. R. Powell, and M. Coluzzi. "Selective Introgression of Paracentric Inversions Between Two Sibling Species of the Anopheles gambiae Complex." Genetics 146, no. 1 (May 1, 1997): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.1.239.

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The Anopheles gambiae complex includes the major vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa where &gt;80% of all world-wide cases occur. These mosquitoes are characterized by chromosomal inversions associated to the speciation process and to intraspecific ecological and behavioral flexibility. It has been postulated that introgressive hybridization has selectively transferred inversions on the second chromosome between A. gambiae and A. arabiensis, the two most important vectors of malaria. Here we directly test this hypothesis with laboratory experiments in which hybrid populations were est

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15

Kuvangkadilok, Chaliow, Suwannee Phayuhasena, and Visut Baimai. "Population cytogenetic studies on Simulium feuerborni Edwards (Diptera: Simuliidae) from northern Thailand." Genome 42, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-106.

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A standard photographic map of Simulium feuerborni (Diptera: Simuliidae) was constructed from larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes and is described herein. Analysis of polytene chromosomes was made from wild larvae collected from the four populations at Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Simulium feuerborni has three pairs of chromosomes (2n = 6) which are arranged from the longest to the shortest. Chromosome I is metacentric while chromosomes II and III are submetacentric. A total of six simple paracentric inversions have been detected in these natural p

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16

Haglund, U., G. Juliusson, B. Stellan, and G. Gahrton. "Hairy cell leukemia is characterized by clonal chromosome abnormalities clustered to specific regions." Blood 83, no. 9 (May 1, 1994): 2637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.9.2637.2637.

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Abstract Cytogenetic analysis was performed on B-cell mitogen-stimulated cells from 36 patients with symptomatic hairy cell leukemia. Evaluable metaphases were achieved from 30 patients, and (67%) showed clonal abnormalities. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations involving chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 19, and 20 were found. The abnormalities were mostly deletions and inversions, whereas translocations and numerical abnormalities, except trisomy 5, were rare. Fourteen patients showed multiple clones, which mostly were unrelated and found in different combinations in individual cells. Cells with non-

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17

Haglund, U., G. Juliusson, B. Stellan, and G. Gahrton. "Hairy cell leukemia is characterized by clonal chromosome abnormalities clustered to specific regions." Blood 83, no. 9 (May 1, 1994): 2637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.9.2637.bloodjournal8392637.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cytogenetic analysis was performed on B-cell mitogen-stimulated cells from 36 patients with symptomatic hairy cell leukemia. Evaluable metaphases were achieved from 30 patients, and (67%) showed clonal abnormalities. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations involving chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 19, and 20 were found. The abnormalities were mostly deletions and inversions, whereas translocations and numerical abnormalities, except trisomy 5, were rare. Fourteen patients showed multiple clones, which mostly were unrelated and found in different combinations in individual cells. Cells with non-clonal ab

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18

María, José, Carmen Segarra, and Alfredo Ruiz. "Chromosomal Homology and Molecular Organization of Muller's Elements D and E in the Drosophila repleta Species Group." Genetics 145, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.2.281.

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Thirty-three DNA clones containing protein-coding genes have been used for in situ hybridization to the polytene chromosomes of two Drosophila repleta group species, D. repleta and D. buzzatii. Twenty-six clones gave positive results allowing the precise localization of 26 genes and the tentative identification of another nine. The results were fully consistent with the currently accepted chromosomal homologies and in no case was evidence for reciprocal translocations or pericentric inversions found. Most of the genes mapped to chromosomes 2 and 4 that are homologous, respectively, to chromoso

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19

Naumenko, Anastasia N., Dmitriy A. Karagodin, Andrey A. Yurchenko, Anton V. Moskaev, Olga I. Martin, Elina M. Baricheva, Igor V. Sharakhov, Mikhail I. Gordeev, and Maria V. Sharakhova. "Chromosome and Genome Divergence between the Cryptic Eurasian Malaria Vector-Species Anopheles messeae and Anopheles daciae." Genes 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020165.

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Chromosomal inversions are important drivers of genome evolution. The Eurasian malaria vector Anopheles messeae has five polymorphic inversions. A cryptic species, An. daciae, has been discriminated from An. messeae based on five fixed nucleotide substitutions in the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA. However, the inversion polymorphism in An. daciae and the genome divergence between these species remain unexplored. In this study, we sequenced the ITS2 region and analyzed the inversion frequencies of 289 Anopheles larvae specimens collected from three locations in the Mosco

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20

Zhao, J. T., M. Frommer, J. A. Sved, and A. Zacharopoulou. "Mitotic and polytene chromosome analyses in the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Genome 41, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 510–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-053.

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The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, like the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, has a diploid complement of 12 chromosomes, including five pairs of autosomes and a XX/XY sex chromosome pair. Characteristic features of each chromosome are described. Chromosomal homology between B. tryoni and C. capitata has been determined by comparing chromosome banding pattern and in situ hybridisation of cloned genes to polytene chromosomes. Although the evidence indicates that a number of chromosomal inversions have occurred since the separation of the two species, synteny of the chromoso

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21

da Silva, Vinicius H., Veronika N. Laine, Mirte Bosse, Lewis G. Spurgin, Martijn F. L. Derks, Kees van Oers, Bert Dibbits, et al. "The Genomic Complexity of a Large Inversion in Great Tits." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 7 (May 22, 2019): 1870–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz106.

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Abstract Chromosome inversions have clear effects on genome evolution and have been associated with speciation, adaptation, and the evolution of the sex chromosomes. In birds, these inversions may play an important role in hybridization of species and disassortative mating. We identified a large (≈64 Mb) inversion polymorphism in the great tit (Parus major) that encompasses almost 1,000 genes and more than 90% of Chromosome 1A. The inversion occurs at a low frequency in a set of over 2,300 genotyped great tits in the Netherlands with only 5% of the birds being heterozygous for the inversion. I

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22

King, M. "Chromosomal Evolution in the Diplodactylinae (Gekkonidae, Reptilia) .1. Evolutionary Relationships and Patterns of Change." Australian Journal of Zoology 35, no. 5 (1987): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9870507.

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A chromosomal analysis of 47 species of diplodactyline gekkos indicates that these are a monophyletic assemblage derived from a 2n = 38 acrocentric ancestral karyotype. Four major clades are present, the first possessing the ancestral karyotype. The remainder are defined by the possession of a series of shared derived chromosomal rearrangements, or by the type of chromosome change. The first of these derived clades includes the subgenus Strophurus, which has five fixed, presumed pericentric inversion differences. The second includes members of the D. vittatus species group. Here, a number of c

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23

McGaugh, Suzanne E., and Mohamed A. F. Noor. "Genomic impacts of chromosomal inversions in parapatric Drosophila species." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1587 (February 5, 2012): 422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0250.

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Chromosomal inversions impact genetic variation and facilitate speciation in part by reducing recombination in heterokaryotypes. We generated multiple whole-genome shotgun sequences of the parapatric species pair Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila persimilis and their sympatric outgroup ( Drosophila miranda ) and compared the average pairwise differences for neutral sites within, just outside and far outside of the three large inversions. Divergence between D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis is high inside the inversions and in the suppressed recombination regions extending 2.5 Mb outside

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Poopittayasataporn, Anan, and Visut Baimai. "Polytene chromosome relationships of five species of the Anopheles dirus complex in Thailand." Genome 38, no. 3 (June 1, 1995): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-056.

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Photographic maps and rearrangements of each salivary gland polytene chromosome arm of Anopheles nemophilous (species F) and of An. dirus species A, B, C, and D of the Dirus group from natural populations in Thailand are presented. Structural conformation of heterokaryotypes and comparison of chromosome banding sequences reveal 10 paracentric inversions. The data on fixed inversion of 3Rb and inversion polymorphism of the X chromosome shared by these species were used to construct a phylogeny of the five members of the An. dirus complex, thereby outlining their patterns of speciation through c

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Qi, Lili, Bend Friebe, and Bikram S. Gill. "Complex genome rearrangements reveal evolutionary dynamics of pericentromeric regions in the Triticeae." Genome 49, no. 12 (December 2006): 1628–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-123.

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Most pericentromeric regions of eukaryotic chromosomes are heterochromatic and are the most rapidly evolving regions of complex genomes. The closely related genomes within hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD), as well as in the related Triticeae taxa, share large conserved chromosome segments and provide a good model for the study of the evolution of pericentromeric regions. Here we report on the comparative analysis of pericentric inversions in the Triticeae, including Triticum aestivum, Aegilops speltoides , Ae. longissima, Ae. searsii, Hordeum vulgare , Secale cerea

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Ma, Jian, Shang Gao, Jiri Stiller, Qian-Tao Jiang, Xiu-Jin Lan, Ya-Xi Liu, Zhi-En Pu, Jirui Wang, Yuming Wei, and You-Liang Zheng. "Identification of genes bordering breakpoints of the pericentric inversions on 2B, 4B, and 5A in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Genome 58, no. 8 (August 2015): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0060.

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Chromosome translocation is an important driving force in shaping genomes during evolution. Detailed knowledge of chromosome translocations in a given species and its close relatives should increase the efficiency and precision of chromosome engineering in crop improvement. To identify genes flanking the breakpoints of translocations and inversions as a step toward identifying breakpoints in bread wheat, we systematically analysed genes in the Brachypodium genome against wheat survey sequences and bin-mapped ESTs (expressed sequence tags) derived from the hexaploid wheat genotype ‘Chinese Spri

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Sharakhov, Igor V., Gleb N. Artemov, and Maria V. Sharakhova. "Chromosome evolution in malaria mosquitoes inferred from physically mapped genome assemblies." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 14, no. 02 (April 2016): 1630003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720016300033.

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Polymorphic inversions in mosquitoes are distributed nonrandomly among chromosomes and are associated with ecological, behavioral, and physiological adaptations related to pathogen transmission. Despite their significance, the patterns and mechanism of genome rearrangements are not well understood. Recent sequencing and physical mapping of the genomes for 16 Anopheles mosquito species provided an opportunity to study chromosome evolution at the highest resolution. New studies revealed that fixed rearrangement accumulated [Formula: see text]3 times faster on the X chromosome than on autosomes.

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Tanksley, S. D., M. W. Ganal, J. P. Prince, M. C. de Vicente, M. W. Bonierbale, P. Broun, T. M. Fulton, J. J. Giovannoni, S. Grandillo, and G. B. Martin. "High density molecular linkage maps of the tomato and potato genomes." Genetics 132, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 1141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/132.4.1141.

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Abstract High density molecular linkage maps, comprised of more than 1000 markers with an average spacing between markers of approximately 1.2 cM (ca. 900 kb), have been constructed for the tomato and potato genomes. As the two maps are based on a common set of probes, it was possible to determine, with a high degree of precision, the breakpoints corresponding to 5 chromosomal inversions that differentiate the tomato and potato genomes. All of the inversions appear to have resulted from single breakpoints at or near the centromeres of the affected chromosomes, the result being the inversion of

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Livingston, Gordon K., Terri L. Ryan, Tammy L. Smith, Maria B. Escalona, Alvis E. Foster, and Adayabalam S. Balajee. "Detection of Simple, Complex, and Clonal Chromosome Translocations Induced by Internal Radioiodine Exposure: A Cytogenetic Follow-Up Case Study after 25 Years." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 159, no. 4 (2019): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000504689.

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Here, we report the findings of a 25-year cytogenetic follow-up study on a male patient who received 2 rounds of radioiodine treatment within a span of 26 months (1.78 GBq in 1992 and 14.5 GBq in 1994). The patient was 34 years old with a body mass index of 25 at the time of the first radioiodine treatment. Multicolor FISH and multicolor banding (mBAND) techniques performed on the patient detected inter- and intrachromosomal exchanges. Although the frequency of chromosome translocations remained essentially the same as reported in our earlier study (0.09/cell), the percentage of reciprocal (ba

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Shields, Gerald F. "Interchange chromosomes in Simulium nigricoxum Stone Diptera: Simuliidae." Genome 33, no. 5 (October 1, 1990): 683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-102.

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A whole-arm interchange (IS-IIIL/IL-IIIS) is described from a larval population of Simulium nigricoxum Stone in the Yukon Territory. Although unstudied elsewhere, S. nigricoxum appears to differ from its closest presumed relative, Simulium malyschevi, by the whole-arm interchange, a fixed autosomal inversion in the short arm of the second chromosome, and a sex-linked inversion also in the short arm of the second chromosome. It is possible that the interchange provided a chromosomal basis for reproductive isolation of S. nigricoxum from an ancestral form, but because of its apparent localized d

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Eanes, Walter F., Cedric Wesley, and Brian Charlesworth. "Accumulation of P elements in minority inversions in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 59, no. 1 (February 1992): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300030111.

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SummaryThe accumulation of a transposable element inside chromosomal inversions is examined theoretically by a mathematical model, and empirically by counts of P elements associated with inversion polymorphisms in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The model demonstrates that, if heterozygosity for an inversion effectively reduces element associated production of detrimental chromosome rearrangements, a differential accumulation of elements is expected, with increased copy number inside the minority inversion. Several-fold differential accumulations are possible with certain param

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THAPA, SACHIN, PETER H. ADLER, SHAILIKA CHHETRI, RAKESH VARMA, and WILLIE HENRY. "Chromosomal evidence for a new cryptic species of black fly in the Simulium praelargum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) from West Bengal, India." Zootaxa 4244, no. 1 (March 17, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.1.8.

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Analyses of polytene chromosomes revealed a new cryptic species of black fly, Simulium praelargum “IL”, in the Simulium (Nevermania) feuerborni group from Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. This new species occurred sympatrically with two other previously recognized species in the S. praelargum complex: Simulium praelargum Datta sensu stricto and Simulium praelargum “IIIL-1.2”. Chromosome arms IS, IIS, IIL, and IIIS of the new species showed no differences in banding patterns, compared with the sequences in Simulium praelargum s. s. and Simulium praelargum “IIIL-1.2”. Chromosome arm IIIL of the n

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33

Gokhman, Vladimir E., Kristen L. Kuhn, James B. Woolley, and Keith R. Hopper. "Variation in genome size and karyotype among closely related aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae)." Comparative Cytogenetics 11, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v11i1.10872.

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Abstract (sommario):

Genome sizes were measured and determined for the karyotypes of nine species of aphid parasitoids in the genusAphelinusDalman,1820. Large differences in genome size and karyotype were found betweenAphelinusspecies, which is surprising given the similarity in their morphology and life history. Genome sizes estimated from flow cytometry were larger for species in theAphelinusmali(Haldeman, 1851) complex than those for the species in theAphelinusdaucicolaKurdjumov, 1913 andAphelinusvaripes(Förster,1841) complexes. Haploid karyotypes of theAphelinusdaucicolaandAphelinusmalicomplexes comprised five

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34

Proskuryakova, Kulemzina, Perelman, Yudkin, Lemskaya, Okhlopkov, Kirillin, et al. "Comparative Chromosome Mapping of Musk Ox and the X Chromosome among Some Bovidae Species." Genes 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2019): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10110857.

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Abstract (sommario):

: Bovidae, the largest family in Pecora infraorder, are characterized by a striking variability in diploid number of chromosomes between species and among individuals within a species. The bovid X chromosome is also remarkably variable, with several morphological types in the family. Here we built a detailed chromosome map of musk ox (Ovibos moschatus), a relic species originating from Pleistocene megafauna, with dromedary and human probes using chromosome painting. We trace chromosomal rearrangements during Bovidae evolution by comparing species already studied by chromosome painting. The mus

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35

Singh, A. K., and B. N. Singh. "Heterozygous inversions and spontaneous male crossing-over in Drosophila ananassae." Genome 30, no. 3 (June 1, 1988): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-075.

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Abstract (sommario):

Experiments were conducted to detect the effects of heterozygous inversions on spontaneous crossing-over in males of Drosophila ananassae by using a second chromosome triple recessive stock and four wild stocks. The karyotypic constitution of all the stocks was known. The occurrence of spontaneous male crossing-over has been observed in all the strains tested though the rate of recombination varies. The results show that crossing-over is completely absent between cu and b genes due to inversion heterozygosity in 2L. The males homozygous in 2L show crossing-over in both regions (cu–b, b–se). Th

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36

Spironello, Mike, and Fiona F. Hunter. "An intra- and inter-island study of the polytene chromosomes of Simulium exasperans (Diptera: Simuliidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-051.

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Abstract (sommario):

The polytene chromosome banding pattern of Simulium exasperans (Craig, 1987) is described for the first time. Three populations of S. exasperans from Moorea and Tahiti were examined cytologically. Interspecific comparisons revealed that S. exasperans is homosequential in chromosomal banding pattern to Simulium cataractarum (Craig, 1987), but contains three species-characteristic floating inversions: IL-1ex.2ex, IIL-1ex,2ex, and IIIL-1ex. No sex-linked inversions were identified; males and females had undifferentiated sex chromosomes. The IIL-1ex,2ex inversion was in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibri

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37

Luke, S., R. S. Verma, R. A. Conte, and T. Mathews. "Molecular characterization of the secondary constriction region (qh) of human chromosome 9 with pericentric inversion." Journal of Cell Science 103, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.103.4.919.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pericentric inversion of the secondary constriction region (qh) of human chromosome 9 is a frequent occurrence. This structural alteration is regarded as a normal familial variant, termed heteromorphism, and is inherited in a Mendelian fashion without any apparent phenotypic consequences. We characterized the qh region of chromosome 9 from five individuals using a series of molecular cytogenetic techniques. Four out of the five individuals have an additional area composed of alphoid DNA sequences on the inverted chromosome 9 while one case was found to have an apparently intact alphoid DNA seq

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38

Segall, A. M., and J. R. Roth. "Recombination between homologies in direct and inverse orientation in the chromosome of Salmonella: intervals which are nonpermissive for inversion formation." Genetics 122, no. 4 (August 1, 1989): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.4.737.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Sequences placed in inverse order at particular chromosome sites (permissive) recombine to generate an inversion; the same sequences, placed at other sites (nonpermissive) interact recombinationally but do not form the expected inversion recombinants. We have investigated the events that occur between sequences at nonpermissive sites. Genetically marked lac operons in inverse order were placed at nonpermissive sites in a single chromosome and Lac+ recombinants were selected. No inversions were formed. The Lac+ recombinants recovered include double-recombinant types in which informatio

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39

Salceda, Víctor. "Geographical changes in relative frequency of inversions in chromosome III of Drosophila pseudoobscura among natural populations from Mexico." Genetika 41, no. 2 (2009): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0902155s.

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Abstract (sommario):

Chromosomal polymorphism in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura have been broadly studied in the USA but scarcely in Mexico where only about 60 localities have been analyzed. Differences among both regions are notorious with respect to their chromosomal constitution. Northern populations, those of USA, have as representative inversions the sequences ST, AR and CH contrasting with those in Southern populations (Mexico) in which prevail the gene arrangements TL, CU and SC. Assuming as a probable mechanism that has allowed these substitutions the flow generated by the presence of a No

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40

Rivera, H., M. Gutiérrez-Angulo, and J. R. González-Garcia. "Chromosome 9qh inversions may not be true inversions." Human Genetics 105, no. 1 (1999): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390051086.

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41

Rivera, Horacio, Melva Gutiérrez-Angulo, and Juan Ramón González-Garcia. "Chromosome 9qh inversions may not be true inversions." Human Genetics 105, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1999): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004399900072.

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42

Miller, Danny E. "The Interchromosomal Effect: Different Meanings for Different Organisms." Genetics 216, no. 3 (November 2020): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303656.

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Abstract (sommario):

The term interchromosomal effect was originally used to describe a change in the distribution of exchange in the presence of an inversion. First characterized in the 1920s by early Drosophila researchers, it has been observed in multiple organisms. Nearly half a century later, the term began to appear in the human genetics literature to describe the hypothesis that parental chromosome differences, such as translocations or inversions, may increase the frequency of meiotic chromosome nondisjunction. Although it remains unclear if chromosome aberrations truly affect the segregation of structural

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43

Navarro, Arcadio, Esther Betrán, Carlos Zapata, and Alfredo Ruiz. "Dynamics of gametic disequilibria between loci linked to chromosome inversions: the recombination-redistributing effect of inversions." Genetical Research 67, no. 1 (February 1996): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300033486.

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Abstract (sommario):

SummaryThe total gametic disequilibrium between two loci linked to polymorphic inversions can be partitioned into two types of components: within and between chromosome arrangements. The within components depend on the gametic disequilibrium within each chromosome arrangement. The between components depend on the locus-inversion disequilibria. This partitioning has practical applications and is indispensable for studying the dynamics of these systems because inversions greatly reduce recombination in the heterokaryotypes while allowing free, and sometimes different, recombination in each of th

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44

Amores, Angel, Catherine A. Wilson, Corey A. H. Allard, H. William Detrich, and John H. Postlethwait. "Cold Fusion: Massive Karyotype Evolution in the Antarctic Bullhead Notothen Notothenia coriiceps." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 7, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 2195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.117.040063.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Half of all vertebrate species share a series of chromosome fusions that preceded the teleost genome duplication (TGD), but we do not understand the causative evolutionary mechanisms. The “Robertsonian-translocation hypothesis” suggests a regular fusion of each ancestral acro- or telocentric chromosome to just one other by centromere fusions, thus halving the karyotype. An alternative “genome-stirring hypothesis” posits haphazard and repeated fusions, inversions, and reciprocal and nonreciprocal translocations. To study large-scale karyotype reduction, we investigated the decrease of

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45

Guijo, Maria Isabel, Josette Patte, Maria del Mar Campos, Jean-Michel Louarn, and José Emilio Rebollo. "Localized Remodeling of theEscherichia coliChromosome: The Patchwork of Segments Refractory and Tolerant to Inversion Near the Replication Terminus." Genetics 157, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 1413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.4.1413.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractThe behavior of chromosomal inversions in Escherichia coli depends upon the region they affect. Regions flanking the replication terminus have been termed nondivisible zones (NDZ) because inversions ending in the region were either deleterious or not feasible. This regional phenomenon is further analyzed here. Thirty segments distributed between 23 and 29 min on the chromosome map have been submitted to an inversion test. Twenty-five segments either became deleterious when inverted or were noninvertible, but five segments tolerated inversion. The involvement of polar replication pause

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46

Ahearn, Jayne N., and Visut Baimai. "Cytogenetic study of three closely related species of Hawaiian Drosophila." Genome 29, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-008.

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Abstract (sommario):

Three allopatric species from the Hawaiian islands, Drosophila bostrycha (Molokai), D. affinidisjuncta (West Maui), and D. disjuncta (East Maui), are extremely similar in morphology but differ in metaphase chromosomes by the amount and distribution of heterochromatin. Their polytene chromosomes are virtually homosequential with only slight differences at the tip of the microchromosome. Each is polymorphic for one or more inversions, especially in chromsome 4. Salivary gland chromosomes of F1 larvae reared either from wild-caught females or wild-caught males mated to standard laboratory stocks

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47

Bedo, D. G. "A cytological study of Simulium ruficorne (Diptera: Simuliidae) and its relationship to the S. ornatipes species complex." Genome 32, no. 4 (August 1, 1989): 570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-484.

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Abstract (sommario):

Polytene chromosome banding patterns in Simulium ruficorne populations from two island and a continental African locality were analyzed and a standard map was prepared. Distinct arrays of fixed and polymorphic rearrangements characterize unique cytotypes in Santiago Island, Tenerife, and Ivory Coast populations. Sex-chromosome differentiation where an inversion linked to the male determiner marks a Y chromosome also occurs in the Santiago Island population. No sibling species can be defined at present because of the absence of sympatric population samples. Comparison of banding patterns betwee

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48

Salceda, Víctor, and José Espinoza-Velazquez. "Micro-geographic variation of inversions in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura." Genetika 38, no. 2 (2006): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0602097s.

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Abstract (sommario):

Chromosomal polymorphism for the third chromosome in Drosophila pseudoobscura has been widely studied for genetic variation in different environments or locations far apart. However, there is less information regarding sites geographically near one another. Targeting on possible micro-geographic variation in the species, a serial study was done on 12 Mexican populations grouped in four regions, including locations in Durango (DU), the border area of Guanajuato-San Luis Potosi states (GP), Chiapas (CH) and Saldilo (SA). Flies were trapped in their natural habitats using fermenting bananas as ba

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49

Caccone, Adalgisa, Gi-Sik Min, and Jeffrey R. Powell. "Multiple Origins of Cytologically Identical Chromosome Inversions in the Anopheles gambiae Complex." Genetics 150, no. 2 (October 1, 1998): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/150.2.807.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract For more than 60 years, evolutionary cytogeneticists have been using naturally occurring chromosomal inversions to infer phylogenetic histories, especially in insects with polytene chromosomes. The validity of this method is predicated on the assumption that inversions arise only once in the history of a lineage, so that sharing a particular inversion implies shared common ancestry. This assumption of monophyly has been generally validated by independent data. We present the first clear evidence that naturally occurring inversions, identical at the level of light microscopic examinati

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50

McKinney, Garrett, Megan V. McPhee, Carita Pascal, James E. Seeb, and Lisa W. Seeb. "Network Analysis of Linkage Disequilibrium Reveals Genome Architecture in Chum Salmon." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 5 (March 12, 2020): 1553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400972.

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Abstract (sommario):

Many studies exclude loci that exhibit linkage disequilibrium (LD); however, high LD can signal reduced recombination around genomic features such as chromosome inversions or sex-determining regions. Chromosome inversions and sex-determining regions are often involved in adaptation, allowing for the inheritance of co-adapted gene complexes and for the resolution of sexually antagonistic selection through sex-specific partitioning of genetic variants. Genomic features such as these can escape detection when loci with LD are removed; in addition, failing to account for these features can introdu

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