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1
Stone, Raymond J. "Cultural dimensions in the cognition of negotiation style, effectiveness and trust development: the caseof Australian and Hong Kong Chinese executives". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244762.
Testo completo
2
Van, Vlaenderen Hilde. "Group problem solving among community activists in a South African setting: an everyday cognition approach". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002589.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study focuses on the everyday problem solving processes of a group of community activists in a rural setting in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It aims to uncover: first, the local knowledge of the participants of the study with reference to the concepts problem and problem solving; second, the participants' group problem solving procedure; and third, the dialectical interrelation between the participants' knowledge and practice with reference to everyday group problem solving. It is contended that the mainstream cognitive approach and the cross-cultural tradition are inappropriate for the study of everyday cognitive processes. A ‘situated cognition’ approach, based on the notions of activity and cultural mediation, is proposed as a theoretical framework for the study. The ontological and epistemological assumptions underpinning the empirical study were derived from a scientific realist and a hermeneutical paradigm. Data for the inquiry into the local knowledge of the participants was collected through individual interviews. The data was interpreted, using the grounded theory techniques of constant comparison, coding and compiling theoretical diagrams. Data for the inquiry into the participants' group problem solving practice consisted of video-taped group problem solving processes. This data was analysed, using a multi layered process of progressively deeper interpretation, employing a reading guide technique. Analysis of the research data revealed that the participants perceived a problem as an impediment to satisfactory participation in society. Problem solving was considered as an emotive, cognitive and inter-active process, involving particular role players. This process had a certain structure, involved attitudes and actions and relied on particular resources. Successful problem solving was perceived to result in restoration of social equilibrium. The group problem solving procedure used by the participants consisted of a process of developing a common understanding and group consensus. The strategies employed in the process, the roles played by the participants, the rules adhered to by the participants and the structure underlying the process were all congruent with these aims. There was a mutually reinforcing interrelation between knowledge and practice with reference to the participants’ problem solving.
3
Johanek, Cynthia L. "Cross-cultural learning styles studies and composition : re- examining definitions, generalizations, and applications of past field dependence-independence research". Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864905.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, the media have publicized the social problem of physical child abuse. This study examined three artifacts of physical abuse: the children's book Robin's Story, the popular song "Luka," and the television documentary Scared Silent: Exposing and Ending Child Abuse. Chapter One described each artifact and provided a literature review which detailed the writings about physical child abuse and artifacts discussing this topic. The chapter then posed research questions about how the artifacts viewed abused children and their abusers, the causes of abuse, and the solutions proposed for ending physical abuse.Chapter One finally discussed the narrative framework of rhetorical analysis used to examine the three artifacts. The narrative method used in this analysis employed three steps: 1) An examination of narrative structure, which discussed the plot of the story, the crucial points of the story and the events which supplemented those points, and the steps of breach, crisis, redress, and reintegration in the narrative; 2) An examination of narrative rationality, which talked about the completeness and true to life quality of the story and evaluated the reasons the rhetors gave for following the course of action endorsed by the story; and 3) An examination of narrative standards, including truth standard or how the narrative compares with what the audience believes is true; aesthetic standard or the grammar, setting, and characterization within the story, and ethical standard or the values expressed within the narrative. Chapter Two applied this framework to the children's book Robin's Story. Chapter Three viewed the popular song "Luka" through the narrative framework. Chapter Four discussed the documentary Scared Silent in terms of narrative analysis.Chapter Five then discussed the conclusions of the analysis for each artifact, artifacts discussing physical abuse, and for rhetoric. Some of the conclusions reached were that artifacts discussing physical child abuse should attempt to make their stories universal, that such artifacts need to distinguish between abuse and physical punishment, and that artifacts dealing with this problem must provide concrete courses of action to end physical abuse. This analysis concluded that, while narrative analysis provided the answers to the research questions, this framework needs to be made into a concrete method of rhetorical analysis to ensure that narratives are effectively evaluated. Narrative analysis was positive in this analysis, however, in that it supported the definitions of rhetoric as value, epistemology, motive, drama, meaning, and argument. This analysis found that, to end the problem of physical child abuse, rhetors must work with experts in this field and tailor artifacts from different perspectives to various audiences using different forms of media.Department of English
4
VAURASTEH, VICTOR PIRUZ. "ATTITUDES AND MEMORIES IN TRANSACTION: A CROSSCULTURAL EXPLORATION OF INTERGROUP ATTITUDES AND THE REMEMBERING ACTIVITY (STORY RECALL)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188082.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between intergroup attitudes and the remembering activity of two culturally different groups of subjects. The theoretical basis of this study is the transactional model as outlined by Meacham (1977). According to this model, the attitudes, memories and the sociocultural background of the rememberer constantly and simultaneously alter one another in a reciprocal fashion. Different sociocultural experiences lead to different attitudes and memories, and any changes brought about in attitudes result in changes in memories and vice versa. To examine this system of relationship, two groups of American and Iranian subjects were recruited. Both groups consisted of 28 university students who were either upper classmen or graduate students. Subjects' initial attitudes toward three sets of attitudinal objects were assessed using a set of 37 Semantic Differential Scales. The three sets of attitudinal objects consisted of peoples and governments of three countries of Iran, Sweden, and the U.S. A week after the inital assessment, the subjects were engaged in a remembering activity which consisted of two tasks. The first task was a free recall task. The subjects were asked to recall, to the best of their abilities, the story of the American hostages in Iran. Following the free recall activity the subjects were given a set of 16 statements, which collectively described the entire hostage event in a concise manner. Each of these statements had four different components which the subjects were asked to mark if they would recognize them. The four components were action, agent, time, and explanation. Immediately after the recall and recognition tasks, the attitudes of the subjects toward the same attitudinal objects were assessed again. The data did not provide any support for the transactional model, but nevertheless revealed some significant differences between the two groups of subjects in regard to some of the attitudinal objects.
5
Hampson, Eric. "The relationship between specific language variables and mental ability in the treatment of information by adults". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main focus of this research was to determine the functional relationship that exists when mental ability and language competence are separately and simultaneously measured with regard to their influence on the effective treatment of verbal information.
The subject sample comprised 100 men and women, aged 20-60 years, who were chosen to be representative of the employable population of the Greater Vancouver area.
The assessment of language in these subjects included skill in .syntax, exemplified by verb-form competence, the variety of clausal structures employed, and the presence of other modifying devices common to adult language. The procedures for assessing these competencies were originally developed by the author from raw data supplied by Koopman (1985).
Comprehension was measured by means of a standard reading comprehension test, which comprised a series of graded paragraphs. Multiple-choice questions were posed on specific information regarding the characters and events, inferences and implications of the content, and recall of the actions and settings presented in the paragraphs.
Intelligence was measured by a non-verbal intelligence test, which called for the identification of geometrical patterns and learned skills in matching, analogies,
classifications, intersections, and progressions.
Skill in processing verbal information was assessed from the subjects' written productions. Six controversial topics were presented to the subjects by means of questions and related collages. The subjects were asked to present, in writing, a solution to one of the issues. The time suggested for this task was approximately fifteen minutes. The compositions were scored for quality of argument and maturity of judgment.
All scores were analyzed by regression and multiple regression procedures. Demographic data were investigated by canonical correlation analysis.
The main finding of this present research was that skill in syntax is the major component in English composition, particularly in exercises which call for critical analysis and the making of sound judgments. This finding suggests that the assessment procedures used in this research may be a feasible means of judging the quality of adults' written language.
The results also indicated that skill in the use of language is of greater significance than is mental ability in the treatment of verbal information.
The demographic variables of the subjects do not serve to differentiate between high and low performance in language in any reliable way, although level of education
has some bearing on ability in language and category of occupation among the middle and upper age-groups.
Finally, practical application of these assessment procedures in education and suggestions for further research directly concerned with this study and with issues in related fields are discussed.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
6
Sanagavarapu, Prathyusha, of Western Sydney Nepean University e Faculty of Education. "Cultural specificity in maternal metacognitive guidance of preschoolers' puzzle-solving". THESIS_FE_XXX_Sanagavarapu_P.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/551.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis explores cultural specificity and universality in maternal metacognitive guidance of preschoolers’ puzzle-solving. Anglo-Australian and immigrant Indian mothers’ interactions with their 4-year-old children on a puzzle-solving task were videotaped, and the mothers were interviewed about their views on child development, adult guidance and interpretations of puzzle-solving. The nature of the metcognitive guidance was analysed with respect to task initiation, task regulation, metcognitive guidance, strategic assistance, speech styles, and forms of sustaining the child’s mindfulness. The results generally supported the notions of cultural universality and specificity in maternal metcognitive guidance. While similarities were noted in mothers’ collaboration, supportive intent and verbal strategic guidance, differences were revealed in task initiation, linguistic mediation, non-verbal strategic guidance and metacognitive modeling. The findings on metcognitive guidance as a function of gender of the child indicated similarities, suggesting that differential guidance of male and female children’s metacognitive learning may be less pronounced in the preschool years compared with later childhood years. Indian mothers guided and supported their male children’s metcognitive/strategic learning more frequently than did Australian mothers. The findings are discussed in the light of notions of socio-cultural and activity theories.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Education)
7
Gilkes, Brian Eric, e pharoseditions@bigpond com. "The lion and the frigate bird: visual encounters in Kiribati". RMIT University. Media and Communication, 2010. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20100304.105048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In order to explain some of the paradoxes and mysteries of the artist's cross cultural experience in Kiribati, he constructed an Artist's Book depicting through visuality, anecdote and reflection, his research process, engaging with current visual perceptions through negotiation with the past. In Kiribati previous encounters with Europeans and Islanders was dominated by English and I Kiribati with significant contributions by French missionaries. Each viewed the other through cultural filters of identity, which were informed by concepts of myth-historical, often heroic pasts, modified by contemporary purpose such as power, trade, evangelism or personal gain. The method of transmission of beliefs about the past differed fundamentally as the Europeans were predominately informed by writing and the I-Kiribati by orality and performance. The non-literary epistemology of the I Kiribati contributed to a cosmology of non-iconic symbols that defined belief systems and social structures. These symbols connected place and space with time, self and group identities. The research found that the all surrounding visual symbol system of sacred meeting house (maneaba), dwelling (bata) and canoe (waa and baurua)) could be partly understood as an ongoing struggle since Deep Time, between the forces of the Ocea n represented by Bakoa, The Shark, and that of the triumph of the coming onto the Land and its people (aba) represented by Tabakea, The Turtle. The performative outcome of this triumph and the spirit of identity (Te Katai ni Kiribati) it engenders is expressed primarily in the ubiquitous I Kiribati Dance. The Artists Book is inspired by the creative classic I Kiribati form of oratory known as Te Kuna, using a structure analogous to the symbolic forms of narrative of Oceanic Voyaging traditionally employed by the I Kiribati. Differences in visual perceptions across cultural interface are understood not only as having the potential for conflict but also as providing positive dynamic force by the interchange of understood differences. The project contributes specifically to the ethnography of English and I Kiribati, semiotic systems and visual epistemologies, indicating directions towards positive outcomes in cross-cultural encounters.
8
Kalenandi, Minerva E. Renee. "Language Learning Strategies of Russian-Speaking Adult ESL Learners". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4766.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the ESL classroom, there are often cultural differences between learners and teachers. Sometimes these differences can lead to misunderstandings or even conflict. One area where differences between cultures can be seen is language learning strategies and styles. This study explores the possibility that awareness of differences, explicit teaching, and negotiation may help to resolve differences. This study looks at differences between Russian-speaking adult ESL learners and American ESL teachers, with respect to strategy use and preferences. Three aspects are investigated. The first is to see whether there are statistically significant differences ~tween these groups of learners and teachers. The second is to try to form a loose profile of the learners as a cultural group. The third is to see whether or not there is evidence to suggest the validity of explicit teaching of strategies in the ESL classroom. The Strategy Inventory for Language Learners (SIIL), developed by Rebecca Oxford, is one way to assess differences ~tween learners and teachers. A survey including the SIIL and a questionnaire was given to ninety-four subjects. Forty-seven are Russian-speaking adult ESL learners and forty-seven are American-English-speaking ESL teachers or potential ESL teachers taken from a TESOL program. The results of the survey show that, in this case, there are statistically significant differences in preferences for and use of several sets of strategies. A preliminary cultural profile is derived from the SILL results and from anecdotal evidence gathered from the questionnaire. There is some evidence that the explicit teaching of language learning strategies and their use may help resolve some of the classroom conflicts between the two groups studied.
9
Bilyayeva, Tetiana A. "Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Users’ Perception of the Navigation Organization of an E-Commerce Web Application". UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/413.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The object of this study was to assess the influence of native language, as a principal cultural characteristic, one users’ behavior when using a web-based e-commerce application. The study expands on previous research by comparing English and Russian users. The research also considered demographic data to assess additional factors that influence behavior and task performance. The research design encompassed an online shopping application with two different navigation menus. One menu was based on the action-object model and the other was based on the object-action model. The user interface was created in two different languages (Russian and English). This study suggests that language, as a cultural indicator, has a direct relationship to user satisfaction and performance in e-commerce web applications.
10
Wang, Chongying. "A cross-cultural study of metaphoric understanding in English and Chinese children and adults from a developmental and cognitive perspective". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670038.
Testo completo
11
Ahlgrim, Carie Jo. "A Comparison Study of Children's Cognitive Understanding of Conception and Birth: England, Sweden and the United States". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/AhlgrimCJ2003.pdf.
Testo completo
12
Smiley-Davis, Kathlyn Elaine. "CULTURAL EVALUATION OF 4-H FOOD AND NUTRITION MATERIALS (HISPANIC, COGNITIVE INSTRUMENT, NEEDS ASSESSMENT, ATTITUDE)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291274.
Testo completo
13
Mao, Limin Education Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Gay Asian and Caucasian men in Sydney: cultural, social and cognitive factors associated with sex practices". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Education, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18763.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Using the perspectives of individualism-collectivism, Social Cognitive Theory and other concepts such as gay community attachment, this study focused on issues of homosexual identification, disclosure and sexual risk practices in relation to cross-cultural differences among gay Asian and Caucasian men in Sydney. Mostly recruited from gay social venues, 19 gay Asian men participated in exploratory focus groups discussions, another 201 gay Caucasian and 199 gay Asian men completed an anonymous questionnaire, and a further 10 gay Caucasian and 9 gay Asian men took part in in-depth one-to-one interviews. The major findings were: gay Asian men tended to experience conflict, in being both gay and Asian, related to individualism and collectivism; the gay Asian and Caucasian men differed in various aspects of homosexual practice, but shared certain sexual traits and practices; self-efficacy in safe sex and gay community attachment were key factors associated with gay men???s sexual risk practices (???risk??? being defined as unprotected anal intercourse with any casual partners or with a regular partner whose HIV status was not concordant with the participant???s). This study provides evidence that the inclusion of individualism-collectivism, social cognitive variables and gay community factors in the examination of homosexual identity and practice among men of different cultural backgrounds holds promise. It further suggests that educational programs to encourage safe sex will continue to yield benefits from increasing individual awareness, confidence and ability to effectively deal with situations that could pose risks of HIV transmission.
14
Mullins, Daniel Austin. "The evolution of literacy : a cross-cultural account of literacy's emergence, spread, and relationship with human cooperation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:98d1f155-c96d-4ba0-ac36-c610d3d7454c.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Social theorists have long argued that literacy is one of the principal causes and hallmark features of complex society. However, the relationship between literacy and social complexity remains poorly understood because the relevant data have not been assembled in a way that would allow competing hypotheses to be adjudicated. The project set out in this thesis provides a novel account of the multiple origins of literate behaviour around the globe, the principal mechanisms of its cultural transmission, and its relationship with the cultural evolution of large-group human cooperation and complex forms of socio-political organisation. A multi-method large-scale cross-cultural approach provided the data necessary to achieve these objectives. Evidence from the societies within which literate behaviour first emerged, and from a representative sample of ethnographically-attested societies worldwide (n=74), indicates that literate behaviour emerged through the routinization of rituals and pre-literate sign systems, eventually spreading more widely through classical religions. Cross-cultural evidence also suggests that literacy assumed a wide variety of forms and socio-political functions, particularly in large, complex groups, extending evolved psychological mechanisms for cooperation, which include reciprocity, reputation formation and maintenance systems, social norms and norm enforcement systems, and group identification. Finally, the results of a cross-cultural historical survey of first-generation states (n=10) reveal that simple models assuming single cause-and-effect relationships between literacy and complex forms of socio-political organisation must be rejected. Instead, literacy and first-generation state-level polities appear to have interacted in a complex positive feedback loop. This thesis contributes to the wider goal of transforming social and cultural anthropology into a cumulative and rapid-discovery science.
15
Scaff, Camila. "Beyond WEIRD : an interdisciplinary approach to language acquisition". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Jusqu'à présent, la majorité des recherches sur le développement des jeunes enfants provient de recherches centrées sur des populations dites « Occidentales, Eduquées, Industrialisées, Riches et Démocratiques (WEIRD en anglais ; Henrich, Heine, & Norenzayan, 2010). Il est moins documenté l'environnement de la petite enfance, les mécanismes d'apprentissage et les repères d'acquisition du langage des enfants qui grandissent dans des conditions autres que celles des « WEIRD ». J'ai contribué dans cette thèse à l'étude de l'impact de l'apport linguistique sur les résultats lexicaux en utilisant différentes approches méthodologiques ainsi que diverses populations. Ce document comporte : une méta-analyse explorant la relation entre le niveau socio-économique de l’enfant et le développement lexical précoce ; une étude empirique des effets du SE, du statut langagier et de l'âge sur le traitement lexical et le vocabulaire chez les jeunes enfants français ; et enfin, une étude utilisant des enregistrements pour analyser la quantité et les sources des apports linguistiques offerts aux enfants issus d’une communauté autochtone en Bolivie, les Tsimanes. Dans la discussion finale, je présente les avantages et les limites de la recherche interculturelle et les dangers de la généralisation à partir d'un seul type de contexte socio-écologiqueTo date, most of what we know in early development comes from research on children in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic populations (WEIRD; Henrich, Heine, & Norenzayan, 2010). There is much less information about the early environment, learning mechanisms, and language acquisition benchmarks of children who grow up in non-WEIRD conditions. Throughout the dissertation, with different methodological approaches and datasets, I work with populations often underrepresented in developmental research: populations from diverse socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds and indigenous communities. I contributed to the study of whether linguistic input has a crucial impact on later lexical outcomes across three studies: a meta-analysis exploring the relationship between SES and early lexical development; an empirical study of the effects of SES, lingual status, and age on lexical processing and vocabulary in young French children; and finally, a study using daylong recordings to analyze the quantity and sources of language input afforded to children from a small-scale community in the lowlands Bolivia, the Tsimane’. In the final discussion, I present the benefits and limitations of cross-cultural research and the dangers of generalizing from only one kind of socio-ecological background
16
Duffy, Sean E. "Seeing through cultures : perceiving and estimating object extent in North America and Japan /". 2003. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3097100.
Testo completo
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Yao, Min. "Effects of cultural values and attribution of outcome feedback on reasoning in Canadian and Chinese college students". Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6248.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the joint effects of
culture and attribution of outcome feedback on reasoning performance. This study
attempted to address four major research questions: (a) Do Canadian and Chinese
students have different cultural values and causal attribution patterns? (b) Do pre-experimental
individual differences in causal attribution patterns lead to differences in
Canadian and Chinese students' inductive reasoning performance? (c) Does attribution
of outcome feedback affect Canadian and Chinese students' inductive reasoning
performance? (d) Do Canadian and Chinese students conduct deductive reasoning
differently as a function of outcome feedback and reasoning task contents?
A total of 120 college students (60 Canadian and 60 Chinese) performed three
phases of computerized experimental tasks. The research design involved 2 types of
culture groups (Canadian and Chinese) under 3 conditions of outcome feedback (success,
failure, and control) as two independent variables. The dependent variables observed
were the number of instances used or correct responses made and response time, when
possible.
In terms of culture differences, Canadian students appear to be distinct and
articulate about the matters of socio-cultural values, while Chinese students are relatively
less distinct and articulate. When making attribution for other people's success, both
Canadian and Chinese students held internal factors (i. e., good effort and high ability) as
responsible. When accounting for other people's failure, Canadian students picked
controllable factors (i.e., lack of effort), while Chinese students picked both controllable
and uncontrollable factors (i.e., largely lack of effort and occasionally difficult task) as
the reasons. However, following the success outcome feedback about their own
reasoning performance, Canadian students emphasized mostly high ability and,
occasionally, effort as the reasons, while Chinese students picked mostly good luck and,
occasionally, high ability. Given the failure outcome feedback about their own task
performance, Canadian students attributed to lack of effort and bad luck as causes, while
Chinese students exclusively picked lack of effort as the explanation.
Chinese subjects' inductive and deductive reasoning performances remained
relatively unswayed by success or failure outcome feedback, whereas Canadian subjects'
reasoning performance remained good only when success feedback was received. When
failure feedback was provided, Canadian subjects' reasoning performances deteriorated
and remained poor throughout the experiment.
While Chinese students' reasoning performance is not predictable from their low-ability
attribution of other people's failure outcome, Canadian students' reasoning
performance is highly predictable; that is, the more they attributed others' failure to low
ability, the faster they completed the culture-fair inductive reasoning task. On the other
hand, when making attribution based on their own experience, given success feedback,
Canadian students attributed their performance to their high ability. Given failure
feedback, Canadian students attributed their performance to their lack of effort, with
improved performance commensurable to their verbal causal attribution.
The present findings indicate that Canadian and Chinese college students showed
differences in causal attribution patterns, depending on when they explain others'
success/failure experiences or their own, and further that upon receipt of failure outcome
feedback, Canadian students' reasoning performance deteriorated, while Chinese
students' performance remained insensitive to success or failure outcome feedback.
Further fine-grained analyses of such causal attribution patterns interacting with outcome
feedbacks and cognitive performance needs some more careful studies.
18
Souza, Debora Hollanda. ""Do you know what I think?": a cross-linguistic investigation of children's understanding of mental state words". Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1265.
Testo completo
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Beaumont-Smith, Natalie Elizabeth. "Cultural, social and individual aspects of food cognitions / Natalie Elizabeth Beaumont-Smith". 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19830.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 289-319).xxiv, 378 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Explores the link between cultural, social and individual factors and the structure and content of food perceptions. The aims of the thesis were to investigate the content of taste and nutrition perceptions within Korea and Australia and to assess how shared these perceptions were using Q-methodology. Within-country differences between younger and older males and females were examined and the relationships of food perceptions to food use explored.
Thesis (Ph.D.(Sc.))--Adelaide University, Dept. of Psychology, 2001
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Machakanja, Isaac. "Conceptual metaphors in English and Shona: a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural study". Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/905.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study is a comparative analysis of conceptual metaphors in English and Shona. The objectives of this study were: to compare the metaphorical expressions of English and Shona in the same or similar domains in order to establish on the one hand whether there are similarities and/or differences cross-linguistically and cross-culturally in the metaphorical construal of reality between these two languages and on the other hand, to establish what the underlying motivation is for the similarities and the differences between these two unrelated languages. The thesis also explores the reasons for the similarities in terms of particular assumptions underlying conceptual metaphors, that is, embodiment and ecological motivations.Linguistics
D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)
21
Nokele, Amanda Blossom Bulelwa. "Translating conceptual metaphor in Mandela's Long walk to freedom : a cross-cultural comparison". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19656.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since the publication of the seminal work by Lakoff and Johnson (1980a), Metaphors we live by, countless research has been done on metaphor. This research was conducted because, in the past, metaphor was considered a deviant and poetic device that could be used only by those who were skilful. These scholars offered another view: metaphor is a matter of thought. They showed that linguistic metaphor is the manifestation of conceptual metaphors that are in our subconscious mind and are found in every day language. In other words, metaphors are a revelation of how we think. Linguists and translation scholars claim that it is a challenge to translate metaphor. The main objective of this study is to determine how conceptual metaphor theory can contribute towards the development of translation in African languages. The study seeks to identify conceptual metaphors in Nelson Mandela’s autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom, which was written in English, and then analyse how these were translated into isiXhosa and isiZulu. This implies that this study involves a corpus. In identifying metaphors from the source text a Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU), which was conceived by Steen and his colleagues at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, was used (Steen et al 2010). ParaConc concordancer was used to investigate and compare how the metaphors were translated. The results showed that most metaphors were translated the same way in isiXhosa and isiZulu, which implies that the translators conceptualised the metaphors in the same way. These results revealed that the translators’ styles were similar. This confirms the fact that the two languages are related. As scholars in earlier research indicated, metaphors in translation pose a problem, yet the translators of Mandela’s book successfully met this challenge. They were able to render the metaphors in their respective languages in an acceptable manner. They tried to adhere to the style of the source text writer, but traces of their own style are evident in the texts.Linguistics and Modern Languages