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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Columned skeleton"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 11 febbraio 2022

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1

Hofmann, Maria Ines, Thomas Böni, Kurt W. Alt, Ulrich Woitek, and Frank J. Rühli. "Paleopathologies of the Vertebral Column in Medieval Skeletons." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 66, no. 1 (2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/aa/66/2008/1.

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2

Li, Yun Yun, and Bao Sheng Yang. "Experimental Research and Finite Element Analysis on the Axial Pressure Bearing Capacity of Steel skeleton-Steel Pipe Reinforced Composite Concrete Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.995.

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This paper studies the working mechanism, ductility, and ultimate load bearing capacity of the composite columns through axial load bearing capacity experiments on eight steel skeleton-steel pipes reinforced composite concrete columns. The results show that the collaborative work between the steel pipe, steel skeleton and concrete can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the column, delay or inhibit the spread of shear diagonal cracks in the concrete and improve the ductility of the column. In addition, the finite element software ANSYS is used to digitally simulate the whole process of

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3

Rigby, J. Keith, and Richard Keyes. "Wewokella costata new species, a large heteractinid calcareous sponge from the upper Mississippian Hartselle sandstone in Northeastern Alabama." Journal of Paleontology 72, no. 1 (1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000023969.

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Several specimens of the gigantic new species, Wewokella costata, have been recovered from the Upper Missisippian Hartselle Sandstone of Marshall County, east of Huntsville, in northeastern Alabama. The large sponges have flutted columnar growths and basic skeletons of triactines that are grossly encrusted or overgrown by calcium carbonate to produce massive fused skeletons. These are the oldest and largest specimens of Wewokella yet certainly identified. Wewokella costata has a skeleton with reduced numbers of triactines, but with extensive calcareous cement. The species could be in the linea

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4

Castanet, Jacques, and Maria Helena Caetano. "Influence du mode de vie sur les caractéristiques pondérales et structurales du squelette chez les amphibiens anoures." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 2 (1995): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-027.

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To specify the influence of a permanent aquatic life on skeletal mass and bone structure in anuran amphibians, the general and regional masses of the skeleton, as well as several histomorphometric indices of the bones (porosity, corticodiaphyseal index, density) were compared in four ranid species, two predominantly aquatic (Rana perezi and R. esculenta) and two more terrestrial (R. temporaria and R. dalmatina). The relative mass of the skeleton (as a percentage of the total body mass) is significantly lower in aquatic forms. This difference is not a phenomenon of intra- or inter-specific allo

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5

Song, Kun, and Zhen Bao Li. "Seismic Behavior of RC Columns With Corner Focus Longitudinal Bars." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 876–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.876.

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Many frame structures were damaged for the column hinge mechanism in the Wenchuan earthquake because of the biaxial seismic action. Four reinforced concrete columns with corner focus longitudinal bars were tested to improve the seismic behavior of RC columns subjected to multiaxial loading. The hysteretic behavior, skeleton curves and feature points were discussed. The results indicate that the method can improve seismic behavior of RC columns

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6

Li, Kai Wen, Zhi Yang Li, Xin Wan, and Fei Liu. "Non-Linear Numerical Simulation on Hysteretic Behavior of SRC Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.382.

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In order to study the mechanics properties to of concrete columns with embedded steel, two groups contrasting analysis models referring to SRC column and RC column are established by using finite element software ABAQUS. Both Static and cycle force are conducted. Analytical results show that bearing capacity and deformation ability of steel embedded reinforced concrete columns (SRC) under static loading are obviously higher than those of the reinforced concrete column (RC). Under the cycle force, the hysteresis circles of the SRC columns are fuller than RC column. The capability of energy cons

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7

Lei, Zi Xue, Yu Hang Han, San Sheng Dong, and Jun Qing Guo. "Analysis of Seismic Performance of RC Frames with Centrally Reinforced Columns." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1319.

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A centrally reinforced column is a new type of RC columns, formed by providing a reinforcement skeleton at the central part of the cross section of an ordinary RC column. Tests have shown that as compared with an ordinary RC column, this type of columns has a higher load carrying capacity and ductility. From the pushover analysis of a frame composed of ordinary RC columns and one consisting of centrally reinforced columns, their seismic performance under seismic load of 9-degree intensity was studied according to Chinese code, including target displacements, story-level displacements, intersto

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8

Bertozzo, Filippo, Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia, and Matteo Fabbri. "The Venice specimen ofOuranosaurus nigeriensis(Dinosauria, Ornithopoda)." PeerJ 5 (June 20, 2017): e3403. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3403.

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Ouranosaurus nigeriensisis an iconic African dinosaur taxon that has been described on the basis of two nearly complete skeletons from the Lower Cretaceous Gadoufaoua locality of the Ténéré desert in Niger. The entire holotype and a few bones attributed to the paratype formed the basis of the original description by Taquet (1976). A mounted skeleton that appears to correspond toO. nigeriensishas been on public display since 1975, exhibited at the Natural History Museum of Venice. It was never explicitly reported whether the Venice specimen represents a paratype and therefore, the second nearly

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9

Hasan, Imam, and Mohammad Rafiqul Islam. "Preparation of indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos) skeleton to enhance veterinary anatomy teaching." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 3 (2019): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v5i3.43587.

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The objective of this study was to prepare the skeletons of duck to enhance veterinary anatomy teaching. Five aged ducks were used in this experiment, which was collected from the Bangladesh Agricultural University poultry farm. The ducks were skinned and different segments of the body were dissected with the help of a scalpel. Then the bones were wrapped using merkin clothes, heated in 5% solution of soda water for 1 hour, and kept in that solution for 7 days for decomposing the muscles, tendon and ligaments. For proper cleaning, the bones were dipped into 10% bleaching water for 2 hours. Aft

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10

Ward, Carol V., Thierra K. Nalley, Fred Spoor, Paul Tafforeau, and Zeresenay Alemseged. "Thoracic vertebral count and thoracolumbar transition in Australopithecus afarensis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 23 (2017): 6000–6004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702229114.

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The evolution of the human pattern of axial segmentation has been the focus of considerable discussion in paleoanthropology. Although several complete lumbar vertebral columns are known for early hominins, to date, no complete cervical or thoracic series has been recovered. Several partial skeletons have revealed that the thoracolumbar transition in early hominins differed from that of most extant apes and humans. Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus sediba, and Homo erectus all had zygapophyseal facets that shift from thoracic-like to lumbar-like at the penultimate rib-bearing level,

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11

Liu, Xiao, and Lei Zhao. "On the Stability Capacity of Steel Tube Filled with Steel-Reinforced Concrete Column Subject to Axial Compression." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3177.

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Steel tube filled with steel-reinforced concrete (STSRC) is a new kind of heavy load column, which made by inserting steel skeletons into the steel tube, then injecting the concrete to the tube. In order to study the combined column’s stability subject to axial compression, we use energy method and numerical methods analysis derives the formula of stability coefficient in which slenderness ratio as the main parameters. Using the 1/1000 column length as the initial deflection of the STSRC columns by FORTUNE calculation program, stability coefficient is produced through comparison and analysis b

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12

Mooi, Rich, and Bruno David. "Skeletal homologies of echinoderms." Paleontological Society Papers 3 (October 1997): 305–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000310.

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The impressive array of disparity within the Echinodermata can be explained by the interplay of components (particularly skeletal elements) making up two major body wall regions: axial and extraxial. Axial skeleton comprises paired plate columns of the ambulacra, formed according to the Ocular Plate Rule (OPR) and in association with the water vascular system. Extraxial skeleton (subdivided into two subtypes: perforate and imperforate) is not formed according to the OPR, and new elements can be added anywhere and at any time within extraxial body wall. Recent work on early development of echin

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13

Sonnesen, L. "Associations between the Cervical Vertebral Column and Craniofacial Morphology." International Journal of Dentistry 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/295728.

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Aim. To summarize recent studies on morphological deviations of the cervical vertebral column and associations with craniofacial morphology and head posture in nonsyndromic patients and in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).Design. In these recent studies, visual assessment of the cervical vertebral column and cephalometric analysis of the craniofacial skeleton were performed on profile radiographs of subjects with neutral occlusion, patients with severe skeletal malocclusions and patients with OSA. Material from human triploid foetuses and mouse embryos was analysed histologically.R

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14

Ye, Mao, Yin Pei Pi, and Min Ren. "Preliminary Experimental Study of the Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Column with Distributed-Steel Bar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2056.

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A distributed–Steel Bar Reinforced Concrete (DSBRC) column was tested, a construction technique for composite steel and concrete material which can alleviate the difficulty for the arrangement of the stirrup in the column and the longitudinal reinforcement in the beam. An ordinary steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) column was also tested for comparison. The specimens were subjected to quasi-static load reversals to model the earthquake effect. The hysteresis curve, resistance recession, skeleton curves and ductility ratio of columns were obtained. The experimental results present good seismic beh

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15

Liu, Yan Hua, Yi Kui Bai, and Guo Hui Jiang. "Analytical Behavior of Rubber Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns under Cyclic Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.123.

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Keywords: concrete-filled steel tube; rubber concrete; analytical behavior; rubber replacing ratio; hysteretic behavior. Abstract: This paper presents a finite element analysis (FEA) model for the rubber concrete-filled steel tubular columns under cyclically increasing horizontal displacement loading. The cyclic load versus lateral displacement hysteresis curves was calculated by using FEA model to investigate the behavior of the columns. Based on the theoretical model, the influences of different column cross-section type (square, rectangular and circular) and rubber replacing ratio on the la

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16

Ma, Ze Feng, Zhou Dao Lu, Jiang Tao Yu, and Zi Hong Cai. "Experimental and Numerical Study on Seismic Performance of Flat Columns under Bilateral Cyclic Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 302 (February 2013): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.302.347.

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In order to research seismic behavior of flat columns under bilateral cyclic loading with different angles, pseudo-static tests are conducted, which includes three 1:2 scaled flat columns. The height-width ratio of the column section is 5. And the loading directions are 00, 250 and 450 respectively. By observation of the test phenomenon and analysis of the data, the seismic performance of the columns including stiffness, skeleton curves, hysteresis curves, ductility and energy dissipation are obtained. Moreover, finite element program ANSYS is employed to simulate the bearing capacity of speci

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17

Han, Xiaoli, Jian Dai, Wei Qian, Baolong Li, Yuanjun Jin, and Ting Jiang. "Effect of column foot tenon on behavior of larch column base joints based on concrete plinth." BioResources 15, no. 3 (2020): 6648–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.6648-6667.

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The wooden columns in timber structures of ancient buildings have column foot tenons of various sizes. The main reason for these differences is their use for different roof loads. Six full-scale specimens with different sizes of column foot tenon were designed and manufactured. The tree species used for the specimens was larch. The quasi-static test was conducted on the specimens that were used in timber structures of ancient buildings. The effects of column foot tenon size on the mechanical properties of larch wooden columns were studied. The moment-rotational angle hysteretic curves, moment-

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18

Ma, Qing Zhen, Xin Liang Jiang, and Bao Kui Zhang. "Simplified Calculation Model of Analyzing Fiber Plasterboards Filled with Concrete Core Columns with Different Spacings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.890.

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The simplified calculating model for fiber plasterboards filled with concrete core columns with different spacings was established. The method for calculating the moment-curvature relationship of concrete core column and the force-displacement skeleton curves of shear element was then proposed. The test data of fiber plasterboards filled with concrete core columns with different spacings were analyzed based on this model. The calculated curves agreed well with the experimental ones, which proves that this model has the advantages of clear mechanical conception，simple calculation and relatively

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19

Bukovská, Pavla, Marcela Karmazínová, and Michal Štrba. "Benefit of Ultra-High Strength Infill in Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns." Key Engineering Materials 898 (August 27, 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.898.93.

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Concrete filled steel tubes (CFST) represent a composite building member suitable especially for the construction of columns of a skeleton frame. Filling the steel tube with concrete allows the use of suitable properties of both materials and their interaction. This is very beneficial in a fire exposure, where a circular column has slightly better fire resistance than a square column. In case of an assessment of columns at the ultimate limit state (ULS), a buckling resistance decides. In previous research, it was found that increasing the strength of concrete increases buckling resistance only

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20

Xu, Ya Feng, Jian Song, and Peng Ju Sun. "Study on Seismic Behavior of T-Shaped Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Compound Column under Different Axial Compression Ratios." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1539.

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In this paper, the large-scale finite element software ABAQUS is used to study seismic behavior of T-shaped concrete-filled steel tube compound columns with different axial compression ratios. We determine the appropriate type of unit, measure off rational mesh, choose rational algorithm, through this simulation analysis. And we can get the hysteresis curves and skeleton curves of the columns with dies and management. The destruction and the deformation pattern of the whole columns can be seen different axial compression rations. The results show that the difference of axial compression ration

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21

Tian, Peng, Xu Dong Shi, Yuan Qing Wang, and Yan Nian Zhang. "Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Column Strengthening with Shear Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.696.

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This paper studies the influences of factors such as axial compressive ratio and shear wall thickness on the mechanical performance of the reinforced concrete column strengthening with shear wall under low-cyclic reversed loading. Considering the secondary stress characteristics of the strengthening column, a numerical analysis was made on the load displacement hysteretic curve and skeleton curve. The results show that, with the increasing of axial compression ratio, the bearing capacity and stiffness of reinforced concrete column increased, but the ductility of reinforced column reduced; the

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22

Cattafi, Antonino, Mariacarmela Santarpia, Martina Francesca Micalizzi, et al. "Bone and lymph node metastases from occult mammary carcinoma: a case report of carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) Syndrome." BJR|case reports 5, no. 4 (2019): 20190064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjrcr.20190064.

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Cancer of unknown provenance is a rare disease, accounting approximately for up to 1% of all breast cancers. A 68-year-old female was admitted to the Medical Oncology Unit of Policlinico Universitario G.Martino because of diffused bone-involvement, with mixed (osteolytic/osteoblastic) features, which interested almost every skeletal structure of the body (vertebral bodies of the entire column, costal skeleton, sternum, proximal third of both humeri, scapulae, clavicles, pelvis and femurs), suspicious for metastatic disease.

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Cai, Chuan Guo, Zhong Xuan Wei, and Xu Pu Yang. "An Experimental Study on Ductility of Fiber-Strengthening Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1907.

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Abstract: In view of the mass brittle failures of reinforced concrete construction in Whenchuan earthquake, the ductility of construction was selected to be the research object. A group of the cyclic-loading experiment was carried out on seven shear-and-pressure concrete columns which mixed with different fiber types and various volume content, but same cross-section and reinforcement. In the process, the load-displacement curves of the columns were attained and the skeleton curves accordingly were drawn, together with the key values in various stages. Based on these, an analysis on various fa

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24

Wang, Zhan Fei, Lin Ge, Bao Yun Sun, Yue Ma, and Ke Liu. "Elasto-Plastic Mechanical Behavior of Steel Box Stub Column under Cyclic Uniaxial Tensile and Compressive Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 960–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.960.

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In this paper, to study mechanical behavior of steel box stub column under cyclic uniaxial tensile and compressive load, elasto-plastic analysis of the segment is carried out by using ABAQUS package. In this study, with changing parameters (such as length-width ratio L/B, width-thickness ratio RR) of the box stub column, the hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, stress distribution and deformation of the ultimate state for the steel box stub-column are investigated. These results show the L/B and RR have little impact on the ultimate strength and ductility of stub-columns during the tensile stag

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Amoroso, Alexandra. "Minor sternum and vertebral column congenital defects in Lisbon Identified Skeletal Collection." HOMO 71, no. 3 (2020): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/homo/2020/1152.

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Donovan, Stephen K., and David L. Pawson. "Skeletal morphology and paleontological significance of the stem of extant Phrynocrinus nudus A. H. Clark (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 6 (1994): 1336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000034314.

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The stem (column plus attachment structure) of the extant, Pacific bourgueticrinine crinoid Phrynocrinus nudus A. H. Clark is described, and some notes provided on the crown. The attachment structure is a simple, terminal discoidal holdfast, typical of an obligate encruster of hard substrates and probably derived neotenously from the attached larval stage of an ancestral isocrinid. The column is long and composed of robust columnals. Unlike isocrinids, the mesistele, rather than the proxistele, is the most flexible part of the column. The proximale columnal has an inflexible articulation with

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Ma, Hui, Jian Yang Xue, Xi Cheng Zhang, and Zong Ping Chen. "Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Steel Reinforced Concrete Column with Recycled Coarse Aggregate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2063–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2063.

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In order to evaluate whether concrete with recycled coarse aggregate can be applied for steel reinforced concrete (SRC) under the earthquake, low cyclic loading tests of SRC with different recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage were carried out in this paper. Based on the tests of three SRRC column specimens, the failure modes, the hysteresis curves, the skeleton curves, the ductility, and the stiffness degradation of SRRC columns are investigated. The influence of variation in the RCA replacement percentage on the SRRC column is analyzed in detail. Test results show that the s

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Kato, Akira, Korefumi Nakamura, Hisayuki Kudo, et al. "Characterization of the Column and Autocellular Junctions That Define the Vasculature of Gill Lamellae." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 55, no. 9 (2007): 941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.6a7154.2007.

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Novel adhesion junctions have been characterized that are formed at the interface between pillar cells and collagen columns, both of which are essential constituents of the gill lamellae in fish. We termed these junctions the “column junction” and “autocellular junction” and determined their molecular compositions by immunofluorescence microscopy using pufferfish. We visualized collagen columns by concanavalin A staining and found that the components of integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion, such as talin, vinculin, paxillin, and fibronectin, were concentrated on plasma membranes surrounding

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Zhuravlev, A. Yu, R. A. Wood, and A. M. Penny. "Ediacaran skeletal metazoan interpreted as a lophophorate." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1818 (2015): 20151860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1860.

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While many skeletal biomineralized genera are described from Ediacaran (635–541 million years ago, Ma) strata, none have been suggested to have an affinity above the Porifera–Cnidaria metazoan grade. Here, we reinterpret the widespread terminal Ediacaran (approx. 550–541 Ma) sessile goblet-shaped Namacalathus as a triploblastic eumetazoan. Namacalathus has a stalked cup with radially symmetrical cross section, multiple lateral lumens and a central opening. We show that the skeleton of Namacalathus is composed of a calcareous foliated ultrastructure displaying regular concordant columnar inflec

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Long, John H., Tom Koob, Justin Schaefer, et al. "Inspired by Sharks: A Biomimetic Skeleton for the Flapping, Propulsive Tail of an Aquatic Robot." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 4 (2011): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.4.4.

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AbstractThe vertebral column is the primary stiffening element of the body of fish. This serially jointed axial support system offers mechanical control of body bending through kinematic constraint and viscoelastic behavior. Because of the functional importance of the vertebral column in the body undulations that power swimming, we targeted the vertebral column of cartilaginous fishes—sharks, skates, and rays—for biomimetic replication. We examined the anatomy and mechanical properties of shark vertebral columns. Based on the vertebral anatomy, we built two classes of biomimetic vertebral colu

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Zhu, Eric D., Leeann Louis, Daniel J. Brooks, Mary L. Bouxsein, and Marie B. Demay. "Effect of Bisphosphonates on the Rapidly Growing Male Murine Skeleton." Endocrinology 155, no. 4 (2014): 1188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1993.

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Bisphosphonates are effective for preventing and treating skeletal disorders associated with hyperresorption. Their safety and efficacy has been studied in adults where the growth plate is fused and there is no longitudinal bone growth and little appositional growth. Although bisphosphonate use in the pediatric population was pioneered for compassionate use in the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta, they are being increasingly used for the treatment and prevention of bone loss in children at risk of hyperresorptive bone loss. However, the effect of these agents on the growing skeleton in dis

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Blake, Daniel B., and Joseph Koniecki. "Two new Paleozoic Asteroidea (Echinodermata) and their taxonomic and evolutionary significance." Journal of Paleontology 93, no. 1 (2018): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.70.

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AbstractSertulaster keslinginew genus new species (Palaeasteridae) andDelicaster hotchkissinew species (Permasteridae) are asteroid echinoderms described, respectively, from the Ordovician and Carboniferous of eastern North America. The new genus and species help to document diversity within taxa of lower rank.S. keslingiis similar to the Early OrdovicianEriasterBlake and Guensburg, 2005 but exhibits less differentiation of the skeletal elements from beyond the ambulacral column, that of the so-called extraxial skeleton, whereas the comparatively robust construction ofDelicaster hotchkissiclea

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Manjunatha, H. C., L. Seenappa, K. N. Sridhar, and Chikka Hanumantharayappa. "Photon interaction parameters of different tissues of human organs." Defence Life Science Journal 2, no. 3 (2017): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.2.11108.

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<p>For proper planning in the radiography of different parts of human organs, knowledge of the photon interaction parameters in different tissues of human organs are essential. Studied the x-ray and gamma photon interaction parameters such as linear attenuation coefficient, half value layer, tenth value layer, mean free path and effective electron density of almost all tissues of human organs [Adipose tissue, Blood, Brain, Breast, Cell Nucleus, Eye Lens, GI tract, Heart, Kidney, Liver, Lung , Lymph, Muscle, Ovary, Pancreas, Cartilage, Red marrow, Spongiosa, Yellow marrow, Skin, Spleen, T

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Cai, Chuan Guo. "An Experimental Study of the Ductility of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1003.

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Abstract: In view of the seismic design requirement for ductility, a group of the cyclic loading experiment is carried out on seven concrete-filled square steel tubular with different axial load ratio, slenderness ratio and concrete grade. After that, the load-displacement curves and the skeleton curves of these frame columns are attained, together with the load-displacement value of each step. Based on these data, an analysis on various factors that affect the ductility of concrete filled steel tubular columns is conducted. The results show that the decline of the bearing capacity in the end-

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Koetaka, Yuji, Koichi Taniguchi, and Iathong Chan. "Numerical Model of Cold Press-Formed Square Steel Tube Columns Considered with Degradation Behavior due to Local Buckling and/or Fracture." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.533.

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Abstract (sommario):

In steel building structures, local buckling and/or fracture of columns could occur during strong ground motions, furthermore complete collapse might be induced due to the column strength degradation. In this paper, cold press-formed square tube columns are targeted, and numerical model being able to trace precisely degradation behavior is proposed. In order to take account of both local buckling and fracture with low computational costs, multi-spring model which consists of some uni-axial springs is adopted. Axial force-deformation relationships of uni-axial springs are provided on flat area

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36

Xu, L. H., Q. L. Wang, M. Yu, et al. "Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Cluster-Reinforced Precast Concrete Columns with Grouting-Anchor Connections." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 13, no. 03n04 (2019): 1940007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431119400074.

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The prefabricated residential buildings have become one of the most dominating construction methods in the modern construction industry. The seismic behavior of prefabricated components is crucial in the limit state design of the precast structure. This paper investigates the seismic behavior of a new type precast concrete column that has clustered steel reinforcement with grouting connection. Quasi-static tests are carried out on three cast-in-situ columns and seven precast columns. Axial compression ratio, lap length and lap space are the main variables considered. The failure process, hyste

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37

Wang, Bin, Guang Huo, Yongfeng Sun, and Shansuo Zheng. "Hysteretic Behavior of Steel Reinforced Concrete Columns Based on Damage Analysis." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040687.

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Abstract (sommario):

With the aim to model the seismic behavior of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) frame columns, in this research, hysteresis and skeleton curves were obtained based on the damage test results of SRC frame columns under low cyclic repeat loading and the hysteretic behavior of the frame columns was further analyzed. Then, the skeleton curve and hysteresis loops were further simplified. The simplified skeleton curve model was obtained through the corresponding feature points obtained by mechanical and regression analysis. The nonlinear combination seismic damage index, which was developed by the tes

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38

Coates, M. I. "The Devonian tetrapod Acanthostega gunnari Jarvik: postcranial anatomy, basal tetrapod interrelationships and patterns of skeletal evolution." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 87, no. 3 (1996): 363–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006787.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACTThe postcranial skeleton of Acanthostega gunnari from the Famennian of East Greenland displays a unique, transitional, mixture of features conventionally associated with fishand tetrapod-like morphologies. The rhachitomous vertebral column has a primitive, barely differentiated atlas-axis complex, encloses an unconstricted notochordal canal, and the weakly ossified neural arches have poorly developed zygapophyses. More derived axial skeletal features include caudal vertebral proliferation and, transiently, neural radials supporting unbranched and unsegmented lepidotrichia. Sacral and p

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39

Xu, Ya Feng, Xu Yang, Xin Wang, and Shou Yan Bai. "Finite Element Analysis on Circular Steel Tube Composite Column Filled with Steel Reinforced Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.318.

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Abstract (sommario):

The article analysis the seismic behaviors of circular steel tube composite column filled with steel reinforced concrete by the large finite element analysis software ABAQUS, adopted the load-displacement method and aimed at studying the mechanical properties of circular steel tube composite columns filled with steel reinforced concrete under horizontal low-cyclic loading, considering the degree of ductility, capacity of energy dissipation by the steel ratio and axial compression ratio. Under different axial compression ratios and steel ratios, the hysteresis curves and skeleton curves are car

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40

Huang, Sheng-Fang, Hao-Yu Chao, Pan-Fu Kao, Wei-Chih Shen, Yu-Hsiang Chou, and Shu-Hsin Liu. "Automatic Vertebral Column Extraction by Whole-Body Bone SPECT Scan." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/647548.

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Abstract (sommario):

Bone extraction and division can enhance the accuracy of diagnoses based on whole-body bone SPECT data. This study developed a method for using conventional SPECT for automatic recognition of the vertebral column. A novel feature of the proposed approach is a novel “bone graph" image description method that represents the connectivity between these image regions to facilitate manipulation of morphological relationships in the skeleton before surgery. By tracking the paths shown on the bone graph, skeletal structures can be identified by performing morphological operations. The performance of t

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41

Timmons, P. M., J. Wallin, P. W. Rigby, and R. Balling. "Expression and function of Pax 1 during development of the pectoral girdle." Development 120, no. 10 (1994): 2773–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.10.2773.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pax 1 is a member of the paired-box containing gene family. Expression has previously been observed in the developing sclerotomes and later in the anlagen of the intervertebral discs. Analysis of Pax 1-deficient undulated mice revealed an important role for this gene in the development of the axial skeleton, in which Pax 1 apparently functions as a mediator of notochordal signals during sclerotome differentiation. Here we demonstrate that Pax 1 is also transiently expressed in the developing limb buds. A comparative phenotypic analysis of different undulated alleles shows that this expression

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42

Wang, Yongmei, Shigeki Nishida, Takeshi Sakata, et al. "Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Is Essential for Embryonic Bone Development." Endocrinology 147, no. 10 (2006): 4753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0196.

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Abstract (sommario):

Although IGF-I has been identified as an important growth factor for the skeleton, the role of IGF-I on embryonic bone development remains unknown. Here we show that, in IGF-I-deficient (IGF-I−/−) mice, skeletal malformations, including short-limbed dwarfism, were evident at days post coitus (dpc) 14.5 to 18.5, accompanied by delays of mineralization in the spinal column, sternum, and fore paws. Reduced chondrocyte proliferation and increased chondrocyte apoptosis were identified in both the spinal ossification center and the growth plate of long bones. Abnormal chondrocyte differentiation and

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43

Bui, Hoai-Nam N., and Hans C. E. Larsson. "Development and evolution of regionalization within the avian axial column." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191, no. 1 (2020): 302–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa038.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract The origin of birds from their terrestrial antecedents was accompanied by a wholesale transformation of their skeleton as they transitioned from a terrestrial to aerial realm. Part of this dramatic transformation is the reduction of separate vertebral elements into regional fusions to limit axial flexibility. This is partially mirrored within the development of the axial column, with regions of the axial column experiencing increasing morphological modularity and the loss of skeletal elements through vertebral fusions. Using a detailed description of the morphological development of t

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44

Luo, Liang, Jiangui Qin, Dongzhuo Zhao, and Zhiwei Wu. "Seismic Behavior of Extended End-Plate Connections Subjected to Cyclic Loading on the Top-Side of the Column." Materials 13, no. 17 (2020): 3724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173724.

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Abstract (sommario):

The extended end-plate connections provide excellent performance in resisting seismic loads in high-risk areas. Most scholars’ experiments and finite element studies on this type of joint are focused on the method of applying displacement loads on the beam tip, while the method of applying displacement on the column side has not been the subject of further study. However, the load transmission mechanism of this type of connection is not completely consistent in actual engineering, as the design concept of “strong column weak beam” does not apply to all joints. Therefore, in this paper, the lat

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45

Wang, Kun, Zhiyu Zhu, Yang Yang, Kai Yan, Guanpu Xu, and Guanjun Zhang. "Study on shear capacity of prestressed composite joints with concrete-encased CFST columns." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 11 (2021): 2457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211000558.

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Abstract (sommario):

Through assuming reasonable constitutive relation of materials, finite element analysis (FEA) models of joints consisting of prestressed concrete-encased steel beams and concrete-encased concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns were established by soft ABAQUS, and the simulated results were compared with tested ones. On this basis, the nonlinear analysis on the total loading process was conducted, and the stress variation of concrete, profile steel skeleton, steel bar skeleton, and prestressing tendons were observed at yield, peak, and ultimate loads; the influence of axial compressive ratio,

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46

Haberland, Christian, Oliver Hampe, Marijke Autenrieth, and Manja Voß. "Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828: rediscovery of a holotype." Mammalia 83, no. 4 (2019): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2017-0149.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract The whereabouts of the Balaenoptera borealis holotype, the skeleton of a 1819 stranded specimen, have been unknown since the World War II (WWII). Due to nomenclatural confusion, deficient documentation, and finally WWII bombing, which destroyed predominantly cetacean material in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN), the type skeleton of the sei whale sank into oblivion. Construction activities enabled a recent search and study on the remaining whale material. Here, we provide evidence that the type specimen was not destroyed. On the basis of species-wide and individual characters of

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47

Zhang, Hai Yan, Zhi Cheng Luo, and Xiao Mei Chen. "Axial Compression Test of Perforated Section Steel Column Reinforced with Overlapped Plates." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.299.

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Abstract (sommario):

The feasibility of two new methods to reinforce the perforated section steel column was verified by two groups of axial compression tests, each group contained two specimens. The test results showed that reinforcement plates and original steel skeleton can work together effectively before specimens overall yielded whether front fillet weld or weld all around was adopted for the connection of reinforcement plates with the steel skeleton. After most of the measuring points on reinforcement plates yielded, reinforcement plates by front fillet weld plumped outward and deformed rapidly; however, no

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48

Caldwell, M. W., and C. G. Diedrich. "Remains of Clidastes Cope, 1868, an unexpected mosasaur in the upper Campanian of NW Germany." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84, no. 3 (2005): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600020990.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractThe mosasaurine Clidastes sp. is recognised from cranial and post-cranial remains collected at four localities in NW Germany. Cranial material was found in pelagic turbiditic marls which crop out near the village of Beckum, while post-cranial skeletal elements were collected from sandy limestones exposed near the villages of Schöppingen, Coesfeld and Billerbeck. In stratigraphic order, the units producing these specimens of Clidastes are the Coesfeld, Baumberge and Beckum formations of late Campanian (Late Cretaceous) age. The cranial material comprises the anterior part of a skull and

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49

Zhao, Guifeng, Meng Zhang, Yaoliang Li, and Dawang Li. "The Hysteresis Performance and Restoring Force Model for Corroded Reinforced Concrete Frame Columns." Journal of Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7615385.

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Abstract (sommario):

A numerical simulation of the hysteresis performance of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) frame columns was conducted. Moreover, the results obtained were compared with experimental data. On this basis, a degenerated three-linearity (D-TRI) restoring force model was established which could reflect the hysteresis performance of corroded RC frame columns through theoretical analysis and data fitting. Results indicated that the hysteretic bearing capacity of frame columns decreased significantly due to corrosion of the rebar. In view of the characteristics of the hysteresis curve, the plumpness o

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50

Dai, Yan, Shaofeng Nie, Tianhua Zhou, Yichun Xu, and Jingrong Peng. "Restoring Force Model Research on Joint of Circular Tubed Steel-Reinforced Concrete Column." Shock and Vibration 2021 (September 16, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9021167.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this paper, two joints of circular tubed steel-reinforced concrete (CTSRC) column were designed. The load-displacement hysteretic curve and skeleton curve of this new type of joint are obtained by the pseudostatic test under low cycle cyclic load on the top of the column. The results show that this new type of joint has good seismic energy dissipation performance. On the basis of the test, a three-fold skeleton curve model considering three characteristic points of yield, limit, and failure is proposed, and the expression of skeleton curve model is given. The load and unload stiffness degra

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