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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Complexe polycomb"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 31 agosto 2024

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1

Dong, Guan-Jun, Jia-Le Xu, Yu-Ruo Qi, Zi-Qiao Yuan, and Wen Zhao. "Critical Roles of Polycomb Repressive Complexes in Transcription and Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (2022): 9574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179574.

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Polycomp group (PcG) proteins are members of highly conserved multiprotein complexes, recognized as gene transcriptional repressors during development and shown to play a role in various physiological and pathological processes. PcG proteins consist of two Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) with different enzymatic activities: Polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1), a ubiquitin ligase, and Polycomb repressive complexes 2 (PRC2), a histone methyltransferase. Traditionally, PRCs have been described to be associated with transcriptional repression of homeotic genes, as well as gene transcriptio

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2

Strutt, H., and R. Paro. "The polycomb group protein complex of Drosophila melanogaster has different compositions at different target genes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 12 (1997): 6773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.12.6773.

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In Drosophila the Polycomb group genes are required for the long-term maintenance of the repressed state of many developmental regulatory genes. Their gene products are thought to function in a common multimeric complex that associates with Polycomb group response elements (PREs) in target genes and regulates higher-order chromatin structure. We show that the chromodomain of Polycomb is necessary for protein-protein interactions within a Polycomb-Polyhomeotic complex. In addition, Posterior Sex Combs protein coimmunoprecipitates Polycomb and Polyhomeotic, indicating that they are members of a

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3

Meseure, D., S. Vacher, M. Trassard, et al. "Rôles du complexe répresseur Polycomb EZH2/CBX7 et du long ARN non codant ANRIL dans l’induction des mécanismes de silencing épigénétique. Implications thérapeutiques potentielles dans les carcinomes mammaires de type triple négatif." Annales de Pathologie 31, no. 5 (2011): S125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annpat.2011.09.021.

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4

Ali, Janann Y., and Welcome Bender. "Cross-Regulation among the Polycomb Group Genes in Drosophila melanogaster." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 17 (2004): 7737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.17.7737-7747.2004.

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ABSTRACT Genes of the Polycomb group in Drosophila melanogaster function as long-term transcriptional repressors. A few members of the group encode proteins found in two evolutionarily conserved chromatin complexes, Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and the ESC-E(Z) complex. The majority of the group, lacking clear biochemical functions, might be indirect regulators. The transcript levels of seven Polycomb group genes were assayed in embryos mutant for various other genes in the family. Three Polycomb group genes were identified as upstream positive regulators of the core components of PRC1

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5

Zhou, Haining, Chad B. Stein, Tiasha A. Shafiq, et al. "Rixosomal RNA degradation contributes to silencing of Polycomb target genes." Nature 604, no. 7904 (2022): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04598-0.

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AbstractPolycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) are histone-modifying and -binding complexes that mediate the formation of facultative heterochromatin and are required for silencing of developmental genes and maintenance of cell fate1–3. Multiple pathways of RNA decay work together to establish and maintain heterochromatin in fission yeast, including a recently identified role for a conserved RNA-degradation complex known as the rixosome or RIX1 complex4–6. Whether RNA degradation also has a role in the stability of mammalian heterochromatin remains unknown. Here we show that the

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6

MA, Ke-Xue, and Xing-Zi XI. "Polycomb group protein complexes." Hereditas (Beijing) 31, no. 10 (2009): 977–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1005.2009.00977.

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7

Gahan, James M., Fabian Rentzsch, and Christine E. Schnitzler. "The genetic basis for PRC1 complex diversity emerged early in animal evolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 37 (2020): 22880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005136117.

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Polycomb group proteins are essential regulators of developmental processes across animals. Despite their importance, studies on Polycomb are often restricted to classical model systems and, as such, little is known about the evolution of these important chromatin regulators. Here we focus on Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and trace the evolution of core components of canonical and non-canonical PRC1 complexes in animals. Previous work suggested that a major expansion in the number of PRC1 complexes occurred in the vertebrate lineage. We show that the expansion of the Polycomb Group RING

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8

Chittock, Emily C., Sebastian Latwiel, Thomas C. R. Miller, and Christoph W. Müller. "Molecular architecture of polycomb repressive complexes." Biochemical Society Transactions 45, no. 1 (2017): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20160173.

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The polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a large and diverse family that epigenetically repress the transcription of key developmental genes. They form three broad groups of polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) known as PRC1, PRC2 and Polycomb Repressive DeUBiquitinase, each of which modifies and/or remodels chromatin by distinct mechanisms that are tuned by having variable compositions of core and accessory subunits. Until recently, relatively little was known about how the various PcG proteins assemble to form the PRCs; however, studies by several groups have now allowed us to start piecing tog

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9

Lund, Anders H., and Maarten van Lohuizen. "Polycomb complexes and silencing mechanisms." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 16, no. 3 (2004): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2004.03.010.

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10

Schwartz, Yuri B., and Vincenzo Pirrotta. "Polycomb complexes and epigenetic states." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 20, no. 3 (2008): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2008.03.002.

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11

Blastyák, András, Rakesh K. Mishra, Francois Karch, and Henrik Gyurkovics. "Efficient and Specific Targeting of Polycomb Group Proteins Requires Cooperative Interaction between Grainyhead and Pleiohomeotic." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 4 (2006): 1434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.26.4.1434-1444.2006.

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ABSTRACT Specific targeting of the protein complexes formed by the Polycomb group of proteins is critically required to maintain the inactive state of a group of developmentally regulated genes. Although the role of DNA binding proteins in this process has been well established, it is still not understood how these proteins target the Polycomb complexes specifically to their response elements. Here we show that the grainyhead gene, which encodes a DNA binding protein, interacts with one such Polycomb response element of the bithorax complex. Grainyhead binds to this element in vitro. Moreover,

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12

Bakhshinyan, David, Ashley A. Adile, Chitra Venugopal, and Sheila K. Singh. "Bmi1 – A Path to Targeting Cancer Stem Cells." European Oncology & Haematology 13, no. 02 (2017): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eoh.2017.13.02.147.

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The Polycomb group (PcG) genes encode for proteins comprising two multiprotein complexes, Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Although the initial discovery of PcG genes was made in Drosophila, as transcriptional repressors of homeotic (HOX) genes. Polycomb repressive complexes have been since implicated in regulating a wide range of cellular processes, including differentiation and self-renewal in normal and cancer stem cells. Bmi1, a subunit of PRC1, has been long implicated in driving self-renewal, the key property of stem cells. Subsequent studies

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13

Wotton, D., and J. C. Merrill. "Pc2 and SUMOylation." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 6 (2007): 1401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0351401.

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Polycomb proteins are key regulators of transcription in metazoan organisms. Recent work has shed light on the nature of the polycomb protein complexes in flies and mammalian cells. Multiple enzymatic activities have been shown to associate with polycomb complexes, including histone methyltransferase, histone deacetylase and ubiquitination activities, which are primarily directed towards the modification of chromatin structure. In addition to these chromatin-based functions, other potential roles for polycomb proteins exist. Here, we present a comparison of vertebrate Pc2 (polycomb 2 protein)

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14

De, Sandip, Natalie D. Gehred, Miki Fujioka, Fountane W. Chan, James B. Jaynes, and Judith A. Kassis. "Defining the Boundaries of Polycomb Domains in Drosophila." Genetics 216, no. 3 (2020): 689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303642.

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Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are an important group of transcriptional repressors that act by modifying chromatin. PcG target genes are covered by the repressive chromatin mark H3K27me3. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a multiprotein complex that is responsible for generating H3K27me3. In Drosophila, PRC2 is recruited by Polycomb Response Elements (PREs) and then trimethylates flanking nucleosomes, spreading the H3K27me3 mark over large regions of the genome, the “Polycomb domains.” What defines the boundary of a Polycomb domain? There is experimental evidence that insulators, PolII,

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15

Brockdorff, Neil. "Polycomb complexes in X chromosome inactivation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1733 (2017): 20170021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0021.

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Identifying the critical RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that elicit Xist mediated silencing has been a key goal in X inactivation research. Early studies implicated the Polycomb proteins, a family of factors linked to one of two major multiprotein complexes, PRC1 and PRC2 (Wang 2001 Nat. Genet. 28 , 371–375 ( doi:10.1038/ng574 ); Silva 2003 Dev. Cell 4 , 481–495 ( doi:10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00068-6 ); de Napoles 2004 Dev. Cell 7 , 663–676 ( doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2004.10.005 ); Plath 2003 Science 300 , 131–135 ( doi:10.1126/science.1084274 )). PRC1 and PRC2 complexes catalyse specific histone post-t

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16

Schuettengruber, Bernd, and Giacomo Cavalli. "The DUBle Life of Polycomb Complexes." Developmental Cell 18, no. 6 (2010): 878–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2010.06.001.

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17

Dorafshan, Eshagh, Tatyana G. Kahn, and Yuri B. Schwartz. "Hierarchical recruitment of Polycomb complexes revisited." Nucleus 8, no. 5 (2017): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19491034.2017.1363136.

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18

Iwama, Atsushi. "Polycomb repressive complexes in hematological malignancies." Blood 130, no. 1 (2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-02-739490.

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Abstract The deregulation of polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) has been reported in a number of hematological malignancies. These complexes exert oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions depending on tumor type. These findings have revolutionized our understanding of the pathophysiology of hematological malignancies and the impact of deregulated epigenomes in tumor development and progression. The therapeutic targeting of PRCs is currently attracting increasing attention and being extensively examined in clinical studies, leading to new therapeutic strategies that may improve the outcomes o

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19

Chiang, A., M. B. O'Connor, R. Paro, J. Simon, and W. Bender. "Discrete Polycomb-binding sites in each parasegmental domain of the bithorax complex." Development 121, no. 6 (1995): 1681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.6.1681.

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The Polycomb protein of Drosophila melanogaster maintains the segmental expression limits of the homeotic genes in the bithorax complex. Polycomb-binding sites within the bithorax complex were mapped by immunostaining of salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Polycomb bound to four DNA fragments, one in each of four successive parasegmental regulatory regions. These fragments correspond exactly to the ones that can maintain segmentally limited expression of a lacZ reporter gene. Thus, Polycomb acts directly on discrete multiple sites in bithorax regulatory DNA. Constructs combining fragments fro

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20

Hernández-Muñoz, Inmaculada, Panthea Taghavi, Coenraad Kuijl, Jacques Neefjes, and Maarten van Lohuizen. "Association of BMI1 with Polycomb Bodies Is Dynamic and Requires PRC2/EZH2 and the Maintenance DNA Methyltransferase DNMT1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 24 (2005): 11047–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.24.11047-11058.2005.

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ABSTRACT Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic chromatin modifiers involved in heritable gene repression. Two main PcG complexes have been characterized. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is thought to be involved in the initiation of gene silencing, whereas Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is implicated in the stable maintenance of gene repression. Here, we investigate the kinetic properties of the binding of one of the PRC1 core components, BMI1, with PcG bodies. PcG bodies are unique nuclear structures located on regions of pericentric heterochromatin, found to be the site of

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21

Vijayanathan, Mallika, María Guadalupe Trejo-Arellano, and Iva Mozgová. "Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 in Eukaryotes—An Evolutionary Perspective." Epigenomes 6, no. 1 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes6010003.

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Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) represents a group of evolutionarily conserved multi-subunit complexes that repress gene transcription by introducing trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3). PRC2 activity is of key importance for cell identity specification and developmental phase transitions in animals and plants. The composition, biochemistry, and developmental function of PRC2 in animal and flowering plant model species are relatively well described. Recent evidence demonstrates the presence of PRC2 complexes in various eukaryotic supergroups, suggesting conservation of the

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22

Ngubo, Mzwanele, Fereshteh Moradi, Caryn Y. Ito, and William L. Stanford. "Tissue-Specific Tumour Suppressor and Oncogenic Activities of the Polycomb-like Protein MTF2." Genes 14, no. 10 (2023): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14101879.

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The Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a conserved chromatin-remodelling complex that catalyses the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a mark associated with gene silencing. PRC2 regulates chromatin structure and gene expression during organismal and tissue development and tissue homeostasis in the adult. PRC2 core subunits are associated with various accessory proteins that modulate its function and recruitment to target genes. The multimeric composition of accessory proteins results in two distinct variant complexes of PRC2, PRC2.1 and PRC2.2. Metal response element-bind

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23

Schubert, Daniel. "Evolution of Polycomb-group function in the green lineage." F1000Research 8 (March 8, 2019): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16986.1.

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Epigenetic gene regulation ensures the mitotically or meiotically stable heritability (or both) of gene expression or protein activity states and maintains repetitive element repression and cellular identities. The repressive Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins consist of several large complexes that control cellular memory by acting on chromatin and are antagonized by the Trithorax-group proteins. Especially, Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is highly conserved in plants and animals but its function in unicellular eukaryotes and during land plant evolution is less understood. Additional PcG com

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24

Ng, Joyce, Craig M. Hart, Kelly Morgan, and Jeffrey A. Simon. "A Drosophila ESC-E(Z) Protein Complex Is Distinct from Other Polycomb Group Complexes and Contains Covalently Modified ESC." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 9 (2000): 3069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.9.3069-3078.2000.

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ABSTRACT The extra sex combs (ESC) and Enhancer of zeste [E(Z)] proteins, members of the Polycomb group (PcG) of transcriptional repressors, interact directly and are coassociated in fly embryos. We report that these two proteins are components of a 600-kDa complex in embryos. Using gel filtration and affinity chromatography, we show that this complex is biochemically distinct from previously described complexes containing the PcG proteins Polyhomeotic, Polycomb, and Sex comb on midleg. In addition, we present evidence that ESC is phosphorylated in vivo and that this modified ESC is preferenti

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Tie, Feng, Carl A. Stratton, Rebeccah L. Kurzhals, and Peter J. Harte. "The N Terminus of Drosophila ESC Binds Directly to Histone H3 and Is Required for E(Z)-Dependent Trimethylation of H3 Lysine 27." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 6 (2007): 2014–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01822-06.

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ABSTRACT Polycomb group proteins mediate heritable transcriptional silencing and function through multiprotein complexes that methylate and ubiquitinate histones. The 600-kDa E(Z)/ESC complex, also known as Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), specifically methylates histone H3 lysine 27 (H3 K27) through the intrinsic histone methyltransferase (HMTase) activity of the E(Z) SET domain. By itself, E(Z) exhibits no detectable HMTase activity and requires ESC for methylation of H3 K27. The molecular basis for this requirement is unknown. ESC binds directly, via its C-terminal WD repeats (β-propel

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26

Loh, Chet H., and Gert Jan C. Veenstra. "The Role of Polycomb Proteins in Cell Lineage Commitment and Embryonic Development." Epigenomes 6, no. 3 (2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes6030023.

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Embryonic development is a highly intricate and complex process. Different regulatory mechanisms cooperatively dictate the fate of cells as they progress from pluripotent stem cells to terminally differentiated cell types in tissues. A crucial regulator of these processes is the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). By catalyzing the mono-, di-, and tri-methylation of lysine residues on histone H3 tails (H3K27me3), PRC2 compacts chromatin by cooperating with Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and represses transcription of target genes. Proteomic and biochemical studies have revealed two var

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27

Tillib, Sergei, Svetlana Petruk, Yurii Sedkov, et al. "Trithorax- and Polycomb-Group Response Elements within an Ultrabithorax Transcription Maintenance Unit Consist of Closely Situated but Separable Sequences." Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, no. 7 (1999): 5189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.7.5189.

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ABSTRACT In Drosophila, two classes of genes, thetrithorax group and the Polycomb group, are required in concert to maintain gene expression by regulating chromatin structure. We have identified Trithorax protein (TRX) binding elements within the bithorax complex and have found that within thebxd/pbx regulatory region these elements are functionally relevant for normal expression patterns in embryos and confer TRX binding in vivo. TRX was localized to three closely situated sites within a 3-kb chromatin maintenance unit with a modular structure. Results of an in vivo analysis showed that these

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28

Lonie, A., R. D'Andrea, R. Paro, and R. Saint. "Molecular characterisation of the Polycomblike gene of Drosophila melanogaster, a trans-acting negative regulator of homeotic gene expression." Development 120, no. 9 (1994): 2629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.9.2629.

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The Polycomblike gene of Drosophila melanogaster, a member of the Polycomb Group of genes, is required for the correct spatial expression of the homeotic genes of the Antennapaedia and Bithorax Complexes. Mutations in Polycomb Group genes result in ectopic homeotic gene expression, indicating that Polycomb Group proteins maintain the transcriptional repression of specific homeotic genes in specific tissues during development. We report here the isolation and molecular characterisation of the Polycomblike gene. The Polycomblike transcript encodes an 857 amino acid protein with no significant ho

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Sparavier, Aleksandra, and Luciano Di Croce. "Polycomb complexes in MLL–AF9-related leukemias." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 75 (August 2022): 101920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2022.101920.

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Bischof, Sylvain. "An open EAR for polycomb repressive complexes." Plant Cell 33, no. 8 (2021): 2517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koab156.

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Di Carlo, Valerio, Ivano Mocavini, and Luciano Di Croce. "Polycomb complexes in normal and malignant hematopoiesis." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 1 (2018): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201808028.

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Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for sustaining cell type–specific transcription programs. Among the distinct factors, Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are major negative regulators of gene expression in mammals. These proteins play key roles in regulating the proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation of stem cells. During hematopoietic differentiation, many PcG proteins are fundamental for proper lineage commitment, as highlighted by the fact that a lack of distinct PcG proteins results in embryonic lethality accompanied by differentiation biases. Correspondingly, proteins of these compl

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Wang, Liangjun, J. Lesley Brown, Ru Cao, Yi Zhang, Judith A. Kassis, and Richard S. Jones. "Hierarchical Recruitment of Polycomb Group Silencing Complexes." Molecular Cell 14, no. 5 (2004): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2004.05.009.

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Kerppola, Tom K. "Polycomb group complexes – many combinations, many functions." Trends in Cell Biology 19, no. 12 (2009): 692–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2009.10.001.

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Kim, S. Y., S. W. Paylor, T. Magnuson, and A. Schumacher. "Juxtaposed Polycomb complexes co-regulate vertebral identity." Development 133, no. 24 (2006): 4957–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.02677.

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Tie, F., T. Furuyama, J. Prasad-Sinha, E. Jane, and P. J. Harte. "The Drosophila Polycomb Group proteins ESC and E(Z) are present in a complex containing the histone-binding protein p55 and the histone deacetylase RPD3." Development 128, no. 2 (2001): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.2.275.

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The Drosophila Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are required for stable long term transcriptional silencing of the homeotic genes. Among PcG genes, esc is unique in being critically required for establishment of PcG-mediated silencing during early embryogenesis, but not for its subsequent maintenance throughout development. We previously showed that ESC is physically associated in vivo with the PcG protein E(Z). We report here that ESC, together with E(Z), is present in a 600 kDa complex that is distinct from complexes containing other PcG proteins. We have purified this ESC complex and show that

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Lo, Stanley M., Nitin K. Ahuja, and Nicole J. Francis. "Polycomb Group Protein Suppressor 2 of Zeste Is a Functional Homolog of Posterior Sex Combs." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 2 (2008): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01044-08.

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ABSTRACT The Drosophila melanogaster Polycomb group protein Posterior Sex Combs is a component of Polycomb repressive complex 1 and is central to Polycomb group-mediated silencing. A related Polycomb group gene, Suppressor 2 of zeste, is thought to be partially redundant in function. The two proteins share a small region of homology but also contain regions of unconserved sequences. Here we report a biochemical characterization of Suppressor 2 of zeste. Like Posterior Sex Combs, Suppressor 2 of zeste binds DNA, compacts chromatin, and inhibits chromatin remodeling. Interestingly, the regions o

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Yan, Bowen, Yanpeng Lv, Chunyu Zhao, and Xiaoxue Wang. "Knowing When to Silence: Roles of Polycomb-Group Proteins in SAM Maintenance, Root Development, and Developmental Phase Transition." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16 (2020): 5871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165871.

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Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2 are the major complexes composed of polycomb-group (PcG) proteins in plants. PRC2 catalyzes trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 to silence target genes. Like Heterochromatin Protein 1/Terminal Flower 2 (LHP1/TFL2) recognizes and binds to H3K27me3 generated by PRC2 activities and enrolls PRC1 complex to further silence the chromatin through depositing monoubiquitylation of lysine 119 on H2A. Mutations in PcG genes display diverse developmental defects during shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance and differentiation, seed development and germi

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LaJeunesse, D., and A. Shearn. "E(z): a polycomb group gene or a trithorax group gene?" Development 122, no. 7 (1996): 2189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.7.2189.

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The products of the Polycomb group of genes are cooperatively involved in repressing expression of homeotic selector genes outside of their appropriate anterior/posterior boundaries. Loss of maternal and/or zygotic function of Polycomb group genes results in the ectopic expression of both Antennapedia Complex and Bithorax Complex genes. The products of the trithorax group of genes are cooperatively involved in maintaining active expression of homeotic selector genes within their appropriate anterior/posterior boundaries. Loss of maternal and/or zygotic function of trithorax group genes results

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Sewalt, Richard G. A. B., Monika Lachner, Mark Vargas, et al. "Selective Interactions between Vertebrate Polycomb Homologs and the SUV39H1 Histone Lysine Methyltransferase Suggest that Histone H3-K9 Methylation Contributes to Chromosomal Targeting of Polycomb Group Proteins." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 15 (2002): 5539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.15.5539-5553.2002.

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ABSTRACT Polycomb group (PcG) proteins form multimeric chromatin-associated protein complexes that are involved in heritable repression of gene activity. Two distinct human PcG complexes have been characterized. The EED/EZH2 PcG complex utilizes histone deacetylation to repress gene activity. The HPC/HPH PcG complex contains the HPH, RING1, BMI1, and HPC proteins. Here we show that vertebrate Polycomb homologs HPC2 and XPc2, but not M33/MPc1, interact with the histone lysine methyltransferase (HMTase) SUV39H1 both in vitro and in vivo. We further find that overexpression of SUV39H1 induces sel

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Boulay, Gaylor, Claire Rosnoblet, Cateline Guérardel, Pierre-Olivier Angrand, and Dominique Leprince. "Functional characterization of human Polycomb-like 3 isoforms identifies them as components of distinct EZH2 protein complexes." Biochemical Journal 434, no. 2 (2011): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20100944.

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PcG (Polycomb group) proteins are conserved transcriptional repressors essential to regulate cell fate and to maintain epigenetic cellular memory. They work in concert through two main families of chromatin-modifying complexes, PRC1 (Polycomb repressive complex 1) and PRC2–4. In Drosophila, PRC2 contains the H3K27 histone methyltransferase E(Z) whose trimethylation activity towards PcG target genes is stimulated by PCL (Polycomb-like). In the present study, we have examined hPCL3, one of its three human paralogues. Through alternative splicing, hPCL3 encodes a long isoform, hPCL3L, containing

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Jullien, Pauline E., Aviva Katz, Moran Oliva, Nir Ohad, and Frédéric Berger. "Polycomb Group Complexes Self-Regulate Imprinting of the Polycomb Group Gene MEDEA in Arabidopsis." Current Biology 16, no. 5 (2006): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.020.

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Wang, Liangjun, Neal Jahren, Ellen L. Miller, Carrie S. Ketel, Daniel R. Mallin, and Jeffrey A. Simon. "Comparative Analysis of Chromatin Binding by Sex Comb on Midleg (SCM) and Other Polycomb Group Repressors at a Drosophila Hox Gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 30, no. 11 (2010): 2584–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01451-09.

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ABSTRACT Sex Comb on Midleg (SCM) is a transcriptional repressor in the Polycomb group (PcG), but its molecular role in PcG silencing is not known. Although SCM can interact with Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) in vitro, biochemical studies have indicated that SCM is not a core constituent of PRC1 or PRC2. Nevertheless, SCM is just as critical for Drosophila Hox gene silencing as canonical subunits of these well-characterized PcG complexes. To address functional relationships between SCM and other PcG components, we have performed chromatin immunoprecipitation studies using cultured Droso

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Boulay, Gaylor, Luisa Cironi, Sara P. Garcia, et al. "The chromatin landscape of primary synovial sarcoma organoids is linked to specific epigenetic mechanisms and dependencies." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 2 (2020): e202000808. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000808.

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Synovial sarcoma (SyS) is an aggressive mesenchymal malignancy invariably associated with the chromosomal translocation t(X:18; p11:q11), which results in the in-frame fusion of the BAF complex gene SS18 to one of three SSX genes. Fusion of SS18 to SSX generates an aberrant transcriptional regulator, which, in permissive cells, drives tumor development by initiating major chromatin remodeling events that disrupt the balance between BAF-mediated gene activation and polycomb-dependent repression. Here, we developed SyS organoids and performed genome-wide epigenomic profiling of these models and

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Piunti, Andrea, Edwin R. Smith, Marc A. J. Morgan, et al. "CATACOMB: An endogenous inducible gene that antagonizes H3K27 methylation activity of Polycomb repressive complex 2 via an H3K27M-like mechanism." Science Advances 5, no. 7 (2019): eaax2887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax2887.

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Using biochemical characterization of fusion proteins associated with endometrial stromal sarcoma, we identified JAZF1 as a new subunit of the NuA4 acetyltransferase complex and CXORF67 as a subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). Since CXORF67’s interaction with PRC2 leads to decreased PRC2-dependent H3K27me2/3 deposition, we propose a new name for this gene:CATACOMB(catalytic antagonist of Polycomb; official gene name:EZHIP). We mapCATACOMB’sinhibitory function to a short highly conserved region and identify a single methionine residue essential for diminution of H3K27me2/3 leve

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German, Beatriz, and Leigh Ellis. "Polycomb Directed Cell Fate Decisions in Development and Cancer." Epigenomes 6, no. 3 (2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes6030028.

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Abstract (sommario):

The polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a subset of transcription regulators highly conserved throughout evolution. Their principal role is to epigenetically modify chromatin landscapes and control the expression of master transcriptional programs to determine cellular identity. The two mayor PcG protein complexes that have been identified in mammals to date are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2). These protein complexes selectively repress gene expression via the induction of covalent post-translational histone modifications, promoting chromatin structure stabilization. PRC2 cata

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Geng, Zhuangzhuang, and Zhonghua Gao. "Mammalian PRC1 Complexes: Compositional Complexity and Diverse Molecular Mechanisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (2020): 8594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228594.

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Abstract (sommario):

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins function as vital epigenetic regulators in various biological processes, including pluripotency, development, and carcinogenesis. PcG proteins form multicomponent complexes, and two major types of protein complexes have been identified in mammals to date, Polycomb Repressive Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). The PRC1 complexes are composed in a hierarchical manner in which the catalytic core, RING1A/B, exclusively interacts with one of six Polycomb group RING finger (PCGF) proteins. This association with specific PCGF proteins allows for PRC1 to be subdivided int

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Hernández-Romero, Itzel Alejandra, and Victor Julian Valdes. "De Novo Polycomb Recruitment and Repressive Domain Formation." Epigenomes 6, no. 3 (2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes6030025.

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Abstract (sommario):

Every cell of an organism shares the same genome; even so, each cellular lineage owns a different transcriptome and proteome. The Polycomb group proteins (PcG) are essential regulators of gene repression patterning during development and homeostasis. However, it is unknown how the repressive complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, identify their targets and elicit new Polycomb domains during cell differentiation. Classical recruitment models consider the pre-existence of repressive histone marks; still, de novo target binding overcomes the absence of both H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub. The CpG islands (CGIs), non-

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Chang, Y. L., B. O. King, M. O'Connor, A. Mazo, and D. H. Huang. "Functional reconstruction of trans regulation of the Ultrabithorax promoter by the products of two antagonistic genes, trithorax and Polycomb." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 12 (1995): 6601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.12.6601.

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Abstract (sommario):

Maintenance of the "on-off" state of Drosophila homeotic genes in Antennapedia and bithorax complexes requires activities of the trithorax and Polycomb groups of genes. To identify cis-acting sequences for functional reconstruction of regulation by both trithorax and Polycomb, we examined the expression patterns of several Ubx-lacZ transgenes that carry upstream fragments corresponding to a region of approximately 50 kb. A 14.5-kb fragment from the postbithorax/bithoraxoid region of Ultrabithorax exhibited proper regulation by both trithorax and Polycomb in the embryonic central nervous system

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Muller, J., S. Gaunt, and P. A. Lawrence. "Function of the Polycomb protein is conserved in mice and flies." Development 121, no. 9 (1995): 2847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.9.2847.

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Abstract (sommario):

A key aspect of determination--the acquisition and propagation of cell fates--is the initiation of patterns of selector gene expression and their maintenance in groups of cells as they divide and develop. In Drosophila, in those groups of cells where particular selector genes must remain inactive, it is the Polycomb-Group of genes that keep them silenced. Here we show that M33, a mouse homologue of the Drosophila Polycomb protein, can substitute for Polycomb in transgenic flies. Polycomb protein is thought to join with other Polycomb-Group proteins to build a complex that silences selector gen

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Costa, Silvia, and Caroline Dean. "Storing memories: the distinct phases of Polycomb-mediated silencing of Arabidopsis FLC." Biochemical Society Transactions 47, no. 4 (2019): 1187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190255.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Polycomb-mediated epigenetic silencing is central to correct growth and development in higher eukaryotes. The evolutionarily conserved Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) transcriptionally silences target genes through a mechanism requiring the histone modification H3K27me3. However, we still do not fully understand what defines Polycomb targets, how their expression state is switched from epigenetically ON to OFF and how silencing is subsequently maintained through many cell divisions. An excellent system in which to dissect the sequence of events underlying an epigenetic switch is

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