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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Computer controlled scanning electron microscopy"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 9 febbraio 2022

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1

Ruscitto, Daniel M., Elizabeth Cleland, Lauraine Denault e David A. Wark. "Mineral Classification Using Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy". Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, S3 (agosto 2014): 664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614005042.

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2

Prutton, M., M. M. El Gomati, J. C. Greenwood, P. G. Kennyr, I. R. Barkshire e J. C. Dee. "Multispectral Surface Analytical Microscopy: A Third-Generation Scanning Auger Electron Microscope". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, n. 2 (12 agosto 1990): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100135526.

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The quantitative interpretation of scanning Auger electron microscope (SAM) images has been shown to require the use of multi-spectral imaging of the surface under study. In a multi-spectral analytical microscope (MULSAM) a set of maps (bands) is acquired from the same area of a sample using scattered electrons with different kinetic energies as well as other signals from the sample such as current flowing to ground, the conventional SEM signal and characteristic x-rays. The resulting set of bands is a multi-spectral image which can be processed using models of the electron scattering in the sample and statistical transforms well known in LANDSAT imaging technology. The processed images can separate the mixed effects of topography, surface chemical inhomogeneity and bulk chemical composition fluctuations occurring in the bands of raw data.A computer controlled, UHV, energy analysing, scanning electron SEM will be described in this paper. The microscope contains facilities for collecting up to 23 256 by 256 pixel image bands from the same area of the sample.

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3

Poelt, P., M. Schmied, I. Obernberger, T. Brunner e J. Dahl. "Automated analysis of submicron particles by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy". Scanning 24, n. 2 (6 dicembre 2006): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sca.4950240207.

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4

Barlow, S. B. "Scanning Electron Microscopy at a Distance: A Nuts-and-Bolts Discussion". Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (agosto 1999): 528–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600015968.

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Not everyone can afford to own and operate a scanning electron microscope. Everyone can, however, access images and instruments in a variety of ways, depending on the objective. Remote access capability is a result of recent developments in desktop computers, software, and the World Wide Web. Some of these developments and some suggestions for future resource development will be reviewed here.With the arrival of commercially available, digitally controlled SEMs in the 1980s, it became possible to control microscope operation with a desktop computer and the appropriate software. By connecting a desktop computer to the microscope via the Internet or dedicated data lines such as ATMs, remote control of microscopes became a reality. Although analog microscopes are not as readily controllable over the Internet, their video data stream is easily captured, digitized, and dispatched to remote observers using low-cost consumer video conferencing programs. These approaches enable users at one location to observe their samples in a microscope located elsewhere. However, transfer rates over the Internet fluctuate wildly depending on network traffic, at times making remote access or control almost impossible. Dedicated data lines ensure a relatively stable transfer rate, but at a significantly higher cost.

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Sitzmann, B., M. Kendall, J. Watt e I. Williams. "Characterisation of airborne particles in London by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy". Science of The Total Environment 241, n. 1-3 (ottobre 1999): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00326-5.

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6

Kindratenko, Volodymyr V., Piet J. M. Van Espen, Boris A. Treiger e R. E. Van Grieken. "Fractal Dimensional Classification of Aerosol Particles by Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy". Environmental Science & Technology 28, n. 12 (novembre 1994): 2197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00061a031.

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7

Yang, Yang, Zhang Bingyang, Jiang Fuming, Hui Senxing e Yin Qingrui. "Computer-controlled image acquisition and processed system for scanning electron -acoustic microscopy". Ferroelectrics 196, n. 1 (maggio 1997): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199708224165.

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8

Kim, D., e P. K. Hopke. "Classification of Individual Particles Based on Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy Data". Aerosol Science and Technology 9, n. 2 (gennaio 1988): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786828808959201.

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9

Cprek, Nick, Naresh Shah, Frank E. Huggins e Gerald P. Huffman. "Computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) investigation of quartz in coal fly ash". Fuel Processing Technology 88, n. 11-12 (dicembre 2007): 1017–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.06.007.

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Cprek, Nick, Naresh Shah, Frank E. Huggins e Gerald P. Huffman. "Distinguishing Respirable Quartz in Coal Fly Ash Using Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy". Environmental Science & Technology 41, n. 10 (maggio 2007): 3475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es062938j.

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11

Gupta, R. P., T. F. Wall, I. Kajigaya, S. Miyamae e Y. Tsumita. "Computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy of minerals in coal—Implications for ash deposition". Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 24, n. 6 (gennaio 1998): 523–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1285(98)00009-4.

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12

Galbreath, Kevin, Christopher Zygarlicke, Gary Casuccio, Tracy Moore, Paul Gottlieb, Nicki Agron-Olshina, Gerald Huffman et al. "Collaborative study of quantitative coal mineral analysis using computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy". Fuel 75, n. 4 (marzo 1996): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00277-4.

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13

Keulen, Nynke, Mark T. Hutchison e Dirk Frei. "Computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy: A fast and reliable tool for diamond prospecting". Journal of Geochemical Exploration 103, n. 1 (ottobre 2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.04.001.

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14

Galbreath, K. "Collaborative study of quantitative coal mineral analysis using computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy". Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, n. 3 (maggio 1996): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)89269-1.

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15

Zhang, Lian, Dunxi Yu, Hong Yao, Minghou Xu, Qunying Wang e Yoshihiko Ninomiya. "Characterization of combustion-derived individual fine particulates by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy". AIChE Journal 55, n. 11 (novembre 2009): 3005–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.11922.

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16

Kennedy, Stephen K., William Walker e Barbara Forslund. "Speciation and Characterization of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils Using Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy". Environmental Forensics 3, n. 2 (gennaio 2002): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15275920216256.

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Kennedy, S. "Speciation and Characterization of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils Using Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy",. Environmental Forensics 3, n. 2 (giugno 2002): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enfo.2002.0087.

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18

Mamane, Yaacov, Robert Willis e Teri Conner. "Evaluation of Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy Applied to an Ambient Urban Aerosol Sample". Aerosol Science and Technology 34, n. 1 (gennaio 2001): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786820118842.

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Caldwell, NHM, BC Breton e DM Holburri. "XpertEze : Developing Embedded Intelligence for the Scanning Electron Microscope". Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (agosto 2001): 966–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600030907.

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Abstract (sommario):

The second generation of computer-controlled scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), i.e. instruments directed by software executing on conventional personal computers (PC-SEMs), has become the industry standard. Although limited automation has been incorporated by most manufacturers, these features do not significantly alleviate the requirement for operator expertise to attain optimal performance from the microscope. Our approach to the expertise deficit has been to pursue a knowledge-based approach to microscope control, encapsulating human knowledge in software to achieve expert performance. The task of SEM operation was decomposed into five phases - Specimen Preparation, SEM Preparation, SEM Initialisation, SEM Optimisation and External Analysis - and the central three phases were modelled in detail. A stand-alone prototype system (XpertEze) was developed to utilise this model for the LEO 400 series. A web-based version was implemented to support intelligent remote microscopy.A stand-alone knowledge-based system has several disadvantages: its user interface competes for screen space with the conventional control software, its speed of execution is reduced as its instructions must be transferred via application programming interfaces to the microscope, and the operator must learn and manage two sets of software. Our ongoing work has been to remove these problems by incorporating the XpertEze system directly within the control system.

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20

Chen, Yuanzhi, Naresh Shah, Frank E. Huggins, Gerald P. Huffman, William P. Linak e C. Andrew Miller. "Investigation of primary fine particulate matter from coal combustion by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy". Fuel Processing Technology 85, n. 6-7 (giugno 2004): 743–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.017.

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21

Peters, Thomas M., Eric J. Sawvel, Robert Willis, Roger R. West e Gary S. Casuccio. "Performance of Passive Samplers Analyzed by Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy to Measure PM10–2.5". Environmental Science & Technology 50, n. 14 (24 giugno 2016): 7581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01105.

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22

Jaques, Peter A., Philip K. Hopke e Pengfei Gao. "Quantitative Analysis of Unique Deposition Pattern of Submicron Fe3O4Particles Using Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy". Aerosol Science and Technology 46, n. 8 (agosto 2012): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2012.680985.

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23

Hopke, Philip K., e Xin-Hua Song. "Classification of single particles by neural networks based on the computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy data". Analytica Chimica Acta 348, n. 1-3 (agosto 1997): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00135-9.

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24

Meier, Mario Federico, Thoralf Mildenberger, René Locher, Juanita Rausch, Thomas Zünd, Christoph Neururer, Andreas Ruckstuhl e Bernard Grobéty. "A model based two-stage classifier for airborne particles analyzed with Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy". Journal of Aerosol Science 123 (settembre 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.05.012.

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25

Galbreath, Kevin C., e David W. Brekke. "Feasibility of combined wavelength/energy-dispersive computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy for determining trace metal distribution". Fuel Processing Technology 39, n. 1-3 (agosto 1994): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3820(94)90172-4.

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26

Eriksen Hammer, Stine, Martin Ebert e Stephan Weinbruch. "Comparison of operator- and computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy of particles from different atmospheric aerosol types". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 411, n. 8 (6 febbraio 2019): 1633–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01614-7.

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27

LI, XINGYUAN, CHUNYANG MA e FAFENG XIA. "MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE Ni-TiN NANOCOATINGS PREPARED BY COMPUTER-CONTROLLED PULSED ELECTRODEPOSITION TECHNIQUE". Surface Review and Letters 25, n. 06 (agosto 2018): 1950002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19500021.

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Abstract (sommario):

This paper discusses the synthesis and characterization of Ni-TiN nanocoatings prepared by computer-controlled pulsed electrodeposition method. The influence of plating parameters on the microstructure, microhardness, and properties of the coating was investigated using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and friction wear testing technique. The results showed that the Ni-TiN nanocoating synthesized at 4[Formula: see text]A/dm2 current density exhibited an optimum microhardness and TiN content of 984.7[Formula: see text]HV and 8.69[Formula: see text]wt.%, respectively. Ni-TiN nanocoatings prepared at different pulse frequencies grew as face-centered cubic structures along different directions, and average grain diameters of Ni and TiN in the nanocoating prepared at 200[Formula: see text]Hz were 87.2 and 34.6[Formula: see text]nm, respectively. The nanocoating prepared at 20% duty cycle showed an optimum microhardness and average wear of 980[Formula: see text]HV and 7.56[Formula: see text]mg/mm2.

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28

Ji, Mingjun, Zhongbin Dong, Hanxu Li, Qunying Wang e Yoshihiko Ninomiya. "Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation on Transformation of Minerals and PM2.5 Emissions During Chinese Coal Combustion". Asian Journal of Chemistry 25, n. 10 (2013): 5545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.oh13.

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29

Devika, D., Soumya Shekhar Dass e Suneel Kumar Chaudhary. "Characterization and Corrosion Behaviour Study on Biocompatible Ti-6Al-4V Component Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting". Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 22 (marzo 2015): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.22.63.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ti-6Al-4V biocompatible material to be used as an implant, fabricated by Electron Beam Melting, was investigated for mechanical properties viz. hardness, grain size and porosity. Phase characterization was analysed by X-ray diffraction; morphological and micro structural features were assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Microscope respectively. The as-produced Electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V sample had increased surface roughness and a thick surface oxide layer. The corrosion behaviour in simulated body fluid environment was compared for wrought and Electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V samples by performing anodic polarization measurement using sequencer computer controlled potentiostat. The Electron beam melted sample had the corrosion rate of 0.0148 mils per year and wrought sample had 0.0196 mils per year.

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30

Nelson, A. C. "Computer-aided microtomography with true 3-D display in electron microscopy." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, n. 1 (gennaio 1986): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.1.3753610.

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A novel research system has been designed to permit three-dimensional (3-D) viewing of high resolution image data from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The system consists of front-end primary data acquisition devices, such as TEM and SEM machines, which are equipped with computer-controlled specimen tilt stages. The output from these machines is in analogue form, where a video camera attached to the TEM provides the sequential analogue image output while the SEM direct video output is utilized. A 10 MHz digitizer transforms the video image to a digital array of 512 X 512 pixel units of 8 bits deep-stored in a frame buffer. Digital images from multiple projections are reconstructed into 3-D image boxes in a dedicated computer. Attached to the computer is a powerful true 3-D display device which has hardware for graphic manipulations including tilt and rotate on any axis and for probing the image with a 3-D cursor. Data editing and automatic contouring functions are used to enhance areas of interest, and specialized software is available for measurement of numbers, distances, areas, and volumes. With proper archiving of reconstructed image sequences, a dynamic 3-D presentation is possible. The microtomography system is highly versatile and can process image data on-line or from remote sites from which data records would typically be transported on computer tape, video tape, or floppy disk.

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Canali, C., M. Giannini, A. Scorzoni, M. Vanzi e E. Zanoni. "Measurement of the local latch-up sensitivity by means of computer-controller scanning electron microscopy". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 23, n. 2 (aprile 1988): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4.1027.

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Germani, Mark S. "Automatic Video Thresholding for Individual Particle Analysis Using a Computer-Controlled Analytical Scanning Electron Microscope". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, n. 1 (12 agosto 1990): 536–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100181439.

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Automated analytical scanning electron microscopes (ASEM) and electron microprobes are extremely useful for analyzing multi-phase particulate dispersions. Global thresholding is often used to discriminate particles from the supporting substrate. This is usually done by manually setting a video threshold while viewing the video signal waveform. The problems with this approach are that the threshold is operator dependent, requires that the instrument be stable and the background remain constant during the analysis, and it can be very difficult to reproducibly set the threshold near the background signal which is essential for locating low contrast features such as submicrometer particles on filter substrates. Local thresholding on a pixel-by-pixel basis eliminates many of the problems associated with global thresholding but is a time consuming and computer intensive process.

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Yu, Dunxi, Minghou Xu, Lian Zhang, Hong Yao, Qunying Wang e Yoshihiko Ninomiya. "Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) Investigation on the Heterogeneous Nature of Mineral Matter in Six Typical Chinese Coals†". Energy & Fuels 21, n. 2 (marzo 2007): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef060419w.

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Song, Xin-Hua, Lubomir Hadjiiski, Philip K. Hopke, Lowell L. Ashbaugh, Omar Carvacho, Gary S. Casuccio e Steven Schlaegle. "Source Apportionment of Soil Samples by the Combination of Two Neural Networks Based on Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy". Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 49, n. 7 (luglio 1999): 773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1999.10463848.

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Zhang, Tai, Zhaohui Liu, Xiaohong Huang, Qing Sun, Chao Liu, Junjie Li e Chuguang Zheng. "Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation on Ash Formation Characteristics of a Calcium-Rich Coal under O2/CO2 Environments". Energy & Fuels 31, n. 1 (21 dicembre 2016): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02416.

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Stark, H., E. Beckmann, R. Henderson e F. Zemlin. "SOPHIE, a helium cooled superconducting Electron Microscope with a Schottky field emitter". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (13 agosto 1995): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100136738.

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High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy yielded remarkable results in biological molecular structure research. These successes encouraged to proceed in developing even better instruments and procedures. In our laboratory we built the cryo-electron microscope "SOPHIE", a modified Philips CM 20 FEG. SOPHIE stands as an acronym for Superconducting Objective in a PHIlips Electronmicroscope. The main features of this microscope are the following: 1.200kV acceleration voltage2.Schottky field emitter3.Helium cooled superconducting objective The Helium-cooled cryo-objective from the former microscope SULEIKA was adapted into the column of the original Philips CM20 FEG [Fig. 1], This new SOPHIE microscope, thus, combines two important features: a modern computer controlled electron microscope with a high coherent beam source and the proven advantages of the superconducting cryo-objective. The advantage of the field emission gun at 200 kV over a thermionic cathode at 100 kV can be best visualized while comparing the respective phase-contrast-transfer functions at Scherzer focus [Fig.2]. Moreover, SOPHIE is equipped with the small spot scanning procedure.

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Potter, Clinton S., Bridget Carragher, Liana Carroll, Charles Conway, Benjamin Grosser, Janet Hanlon, Nick Kisseberth, Scott Robinson, Umesh Thakkar e Daniel Weber. "Bugscope: A Practical Approach to Providing Remote Microscopy for Science Education Outreach". Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, n. 3 (maggio 2001): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10005-001-0005-3.

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AbstractThe Bugscope project is an educational outreach program for kindergarten to grade 12 (K–12) classrooms. The project provides a resource to classrooms so that they may remotely operate a scanning electron microscope to image insects at high magnification. The microscope is remotely controlled in real time from a classroom computer over the Internet using a Web browser. Bugscope provides a state-of-the-art microscope resource for teachers that can be readily integrated into classroom activities. The Bugscope project provides a low-cost, sustainable model for research groups to support K–12 education outreach projects.

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XIAO, BING, e SACHARIA ALBIN. "CARBON NANOTUBE PROBE FOR SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY". International Journal of Nanoscience 04, n. 04 (agosto 2005): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003279.

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A simple technique was developed to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT) probes for scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Multi-walled nanotubes were grown on the apex of the electro-chemically etched tungsten ( W ) tip using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at normal pressure with H 2 and C 2 H 2. Nickel ( Ni ) nanoparticles, which were used as the catalyst for CNT synthesis, were applied to the tip apex by dipping the W tip into the Ni nanopowder suspension in ethanol. The diameters of grown nanotubes were in the range of 20 nm to 100 nm. Their lengths were generally less than 1 μm and controlled by growth time. The technique can be readily applied to mass production of CNT STM probes without the use of any sophisticated and expensive equipments. The performance of the fabricated CNT tips was assessed by producing STM images of atomic-resolution.

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Langmi, H. W., e J. Watt. "Evaluation of computer-controlled SEM in the study of metal-contaminated soils". Mineralogical Magazine 67, n. 2 (aprile 2003): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461036720096.

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Computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) has been assessed for the determination of form and size distribution of heavy metals in urban contaminated soils. Metal distributions within individual particles were determined using X-ray element mapping. The sites selected for study were (1) around a landfill site, previously a colliery in Wolverhampton, UK and (2) a private garden adjacent to a railway in Nottingham, UK. Backscattered thresholding techniques were used to isolate the Pb-containing categories. The classification results for both Wolverhampton and Nottingham soils were generally similar but more Pb-containing classes were observed for the Nottingham samples when a comparison was made between results of the same size fractions. However, difficulties with the technique arose when particles showing chemically similar weathering crusts were assigned to the same class, despite having different internal compositions. The CCSEM data therefore need to be interpreted with caution and their application limited to situations in which particle internal complexity is not an issue.

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PHILLIPS, A. B., e B. S. SHIVARAM. "CONTROLLED GROWTH OF ISOLATED VANADIUM NANOSTRUCTURES VIA PULSED LASER ABLATION". International Journal of Nanoscience 08, n. 06 (dicembre 2009): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09006432.

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Utilizing pulsed laser ablation we show that it is possible to grow isolated nanostructures of vanadium whose shape and size are controllable simply by changing the background pressure of an inert gas in the growth chamber. The nanostructures obtained are characterized through scanning electron microscopy measurements. The range of nanostructures obtained by a simple one parameter control suggest that further synthesis of more sophisticated nanoscale composite structures should be possible if multistep growth and processing are employed.

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Entwistle, Jane A., Andrew Hunt, Ndokiari Boisa e John R. Dean. "Enhancing the interpretation of in vitro bioaccessibility data by using computer controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) at the individual particle level". Environmental Pollution 228 (settembre 2017): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.050.

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42

Haider, M. "Correction of Aberrations of a Transmission Electron Microscope". Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (agosto 2001): 900–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600030579.

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One of the most striking problems in electron optics, the correction of resolution limiting aberrations by means of a corrector incorporated into the electron microscope column, has been solved during the last six years by demonstrating the improvement of resolution beyond the theoretical limit of the uncorrected Electron Microscope (EM). At first, in 1995 [1] with the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration of a dedicated Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscope (LVSEM) and later, in 1997, with the correction of only spherical aberration of a commercially available 200 kV TEM [2]. The correction of spherical aberration of a dedicated Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) at 100 keV primary energy has been demonstrated [3] and further improvements can be anticipated within the near future.These achievements could only be obtained due to the emergence of new computer technology and especially CCD-cameras in the case of TEM correctors. These two developments made it possible first to calculate the electron optical components more precisely and hence, to achieve a better understanding of the requirements on the hardware and second, to have a better computer control of the electron microscope and the corrector itself. The combination of these two new technologies made it possible to go towards an automatisation of the alignment. This simplification of the alignment of an even more complex system is achieved by means of a proper combination of image acquisition and dedicated software in order to analyze and measure the aberrations of an electron optical system on one side and on the other to have appropriate tools to compensate these aberrations by computer controlled power supplies [4,5].

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García-Couce, Jomarien, Marioly Vernhes, Nancy Bada, Lissette Agüero, Oscar Valdés, José Alvarez-Barreto, Gastón Fuentes, Amisel Almirall e Luis J. Cruz. "Synthesis and Evaluation of AlgNa-g-poly(QCL-co-HEMA) Hydrogels as Platform for Chondrocyte Proliferation and Controlled Release of Betamethasone". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 11 (27 maggio 2021): 5730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115730.

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Abstract (sommario):

Hydrogels obtained from combining different polymers are an interesting strategy for developing controlled release system platforms and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the applicability of sodium alginate-g-(QCL-co-HEMA) hydrogels for these biomedical applications was evaluated. Hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization using a different concentration of the components. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a swelling degree. Betamethasone release as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility with chondrocytes and fibroblast cells were also evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the porous surface morphology of the hydrogels in all cases. The swelling percent was determined at a different pH and was observed to be pH-sensitive. The controlled release behavior of betamethasone from the matrices was investigated in PBS media (pH = 7.4) and the drug was released in a controlled manner for up to 8 h. Human chondrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured on the hydrogels. The MTS assay showed that almost all hydrogels are cytocompatibles and an increase of proliferation in both cell types after one week of incubation was observed by the Live/Dead® assay. These results demonstrate that these hydrogels are attractive materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to their characteristics, their release kinetics, and biocompatibility.

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Li, Han Xu, Fei Ma, Xin Sheng e Ming Jun Ji. "Study on Fly Ash Adhesion Characteristics and Deposition Mechanism in Shell Coal Gasification Process". Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (maggio 2011): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.789.

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This paper describes the characteristics and mechanism of fly ash deposited in Shell coal gasification process. The chemical composition, particle size distribution, surface topography and elemental composition of fly ash samples derived from coal A and coal B are studied by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, JX-2000 microscopic image analyzer and computer controlled scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) respectively. The results show that the differences in ash deposition characteristics result from the differences in surface properties and element composition of fly ash particles generated from different coal feed. The fly ash formation and deposition mechanism are discussed based on physicochemical changes in gasification, particle size distribution and surface composition enriched in Ca, Fe in fly ash particles. The results can serve as reference data for a variety of deposition studies.

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Jang, Hoon Sik, Sung Hwan Kwon, Am Kee Kim e Seung Hoon Nahm. "Tensile Test of Individual Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Using Nano-Manipulator inside Scanning Electron Microscope". Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (dicembre 2006): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.329.

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Abstract (sommario):

We have attempted to observe straining responses of an individual multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) by performing an in-situ tensile testing inside scanning electron microscope (SEM). The both ends of an individual MWNT was attached on the rigid support and the tip of the force sensor using electron beam and was elongated by a nano-manipulator. The nano-manipulator was automatically controlled by personal computer. Linear deformation and fracture behaviors of MWNT were successfully observed and its force-displacement curve was also measured from the bending stiffness and displacement of the force sensor and manipulator. The tensile properties of individual MWNT were evaluated from the tensile test results.

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Ghosh, G., e F. R. Chen. "Crystallisation kinetics and microstructural evolution of Ni24Zr76 amorphous alloy". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, n. 4 (agosto 1990): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100173881.

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Abstract (sommario):

Apart from technological applications, scientifically amorphous —> crystal transformation is very important in understanding the atomic processes involved. For in-depth understanding of the crystallisation process, it is necessary to employ a combination of a number of experimental techniques. In this investigation, the details of the crystallisation of Ni24Zr76 amorphous alloy has been studied by differential scanning calorimtry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). This amorphous alloy undergoes eutectic crystallisation i.e., it transforms to (α-Zr) + NiZr2 crystals. It is our interest to study the kinetics of the crystallisation as well as the different steps involved in the evolution of equilibrium microstructure.Ribbons of 2-3 mm wide and 25-30 μm thick were produced by melt-spinning technique. Dynamic as well as isothermal crystallisation were studied in a Du-pont DSC 910 cell coupled with computer controlled thermal analyser (TA9900) having system control and data acquisition capabilities.

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Bunea, Mihaela-Cristina, Victor-Constantin Diculescu, Monica Enculescu, Horia Iovu e Teodor Adrian Enache. "Redox Mechanism of Azathioprine and Its Interaction with DNA". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 13 (24 giugno 2021): 6805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136805.

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Abstract (sommario):

The electrochemical behavior and the interaction of the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine (AZA) with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were investigated using voltammetric techniques, mass spectrometry (MS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The redox mechanism of AZA on glassy carbon (GC) was investigated using cyclic and differential pulse (DP) voltammetry. It was proven that the electroactive center of AZA is the nitro group and its reduction mechanism is a diffusion-controlled process, which occurs in consecutive steps with formation of electroactive products and involves the transfer of electrons and protons. A redox mechanism was proposed and the interaction of AZA with DNA was also investigated. Morphological characterization of the DNA film on the electrode surface before and after interaction with AZA was performed using scanning electron microscopy. An electrochemical DNA biosensor was employed to study the interactions between AZA and DNA with different concentrations, incubation times, and applied potential values. It was shown that the reduction of AZA molecules bound to the DNA layer induces structural changes of the DNA double strands and oxidative damage, which were recognized through the occurrence of the 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine oxidation peak. Mass spectrometry investigation of the DNA film before and after interaction with AZA also demonstrated the formation of AZA adducts with purine bases.

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Carpenter, Graham J. C. "Image and Diffraction Pattern Rotations in the TEM". Microscopy Today 20, n. 5 (settembre 2012): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929512000697.

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Abstract (sommario):

When electrons pass through the electromagnetic lenses in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), they follow a spiral path that results in image rotation. In many TEMs, the image or diffraction pattern that appears at the final imaging plane has therefore suffered a significant rotation compared to the actual specimen. The extent of the rotation is equal to the sum of the contributions from each lens. In some recent instruments an extra lens is built into the column to compensate for these rotations. In the case of a scanning TEM (STEM), where the image is created by scanning a focused beam on the specimen, the orientation of the image to the specimen is fixed but can be controlled electronically by the computer processor.

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Park, Eunwoo, Jaehyun Lim, Byung Cheol Park e Daekeun Kim. "IoT-Based Research Equipment Sharing System for Remotely Controlled Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy". Sensors 21, n. 4 (23 febbraio 2021): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041533.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this study, two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) based on the internet of things (IoT) is proposed as a remote research equipment sharing system, which enables the remote sharing economy. IoT modules, where data are transmitted to and received from the remote users in the web service via IoT, instead of a data acquisition (DAQ) system embedded in the conventional TPLSM, are installed in the IoT-based TPLSM (IoT-TPLSM). The performance for each IoT module is evaluated independently, and it is confirmed that it works well even in a personal computer-free environment. In addition, a message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol is applied to the DAQ interface in the web service, and a graphic user interface for enabling the remote users to operate IoT-TPLSM remotely is also designed and implemented. For the image acquisition demonstration, the stained cellular images and the autofluorescent tissue images are obtained in IoT-TPLSM. Lastly, it is confirmed that the comparable performance is provided with the conventional TPLSM by evaluating the imaging conditions and qualities of the three-dimensional image stacks processed in IoT-TPLSM.

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50

Schmid, M. F., R. Dargahi e M. W. Tam. "SPECTRA: A program for processing electron images of crystals". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, n. 1 (agosto 1992): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100121065.

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Abstract (sommario):

Electron crystallography is an emerging field for structure determination as evidenced by a number of membrane proteins that have been solved to near-atomic resolution. Advances in specimen preparation and in data acquisition with a 400kV microscope by computer controlled spot scanning mean that our ability to record electron image data will outstrip our capacity to analyze it. The computed fourier transform of these images must be processed in order to provide a direct measurement of amplitudes and phases needed for 3-D reconstruction.In anticipation of this processing bottleneck, we have written a program that incorporates a menu-and mouse-driven procedure for auto-indexing and refining the reciprocal lattice parameters in the computed transform from an image of a crystal. It is linked to subsequent steps of image processing by a system of data bases and spawned child processes; data transfer between different program modules no longer requires manual data entry. The progress of the reciprocal lattice refinement is monitored visually and quantitatively. If desired, the processing is carried through the lattice distortion correction (unbending) steps automatically.

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