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1

Owen, Michael Paul. "Scatterometer Contamination Mitigation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2310.

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Microwave scatterometers, which use radar backscatter measurements to infer the near-surface wind vector, are unique in their ability to monitor global wind vectors at high resolutions. However, scatterometer observations which are contaminated by land proximity or rain events produce wind estimates which have increased bias and variability, making them unreliable for many applications. Fortunately, the effects of these sources of contamination can be mitigated. Land contamination of backscatter measurements occurs when land partially fills the antenna illumination area. This reduces and masks
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2

Coughtrey, Anna. "Exploring the fear of contamination : mental contamination in obsessive compulsive disorder." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542276.

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3

Calderin, Morales Duriem. "Modeling of Loose Contamination Scenarios to Predict the Amount of Contamination Removed." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/228.

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The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of the factors identified by the Johnson, Kendall and Robert’s theory that affect the strength of the detachment force necessary to remove a particle of contaminant from a surface, and the roughness of the surface in which the contaminant is present, on predicting the efficiency of removal of loose contamination. Two methods were used to reach this objective: the first method consisted of quantifying the contamination by weight and the second method of quantifying the contamination by counting alpha and gamma particles. As a result, i
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4

Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck James. "Biomarkers of soil contamination." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265176.

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5

Haner, Andrew Lloyd. "Iola, Kansas residential lead contamination." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1536.

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In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s lead and zinc mining became prominent in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri. With no knowledge of the effects that would impact the future, the mining companies continued to strip the land. With the discovery of lead and zinc ores in southeast Kansas, southwest Missouri, northeast Oklahoma in the late 1800’s a way to process the ores in a cheap way was needed. Natural gas in locations like Iola Kansas helped led to cheap ore processing and smelting. After the cheap fuel for the processing began to diminish in the early 1900’s, the multitude of smelters began to
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6

Lee, Cheuk-hung, and 李卓雄. "Microbial contamination of enteral feeds." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245596.

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7

Anderton, A. "Microbial contamination of enternal feeds." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377156.

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8

Fonseca, Viviane Grunert da. "Data contamination versus model deviation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299265.

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9

Aguilar, Bobadilla Silvia E. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF HISTORICAL CONTAMINATION." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161826.

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The main scope of the work is to support a wider understanding of the achievements and limitations of economic analysis in historical contamination issues. The work describes how various schools of economics focus their study on environmental problems, specifically on Brownfields redevelopment. It presents the ideas of environmental economics, resource economics, free market environmentalism, institutional economics, political economy and ecological economics. The work includes a case study from the region of Ralsko in North Bohemia.
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10

Haner, Andrew Lloyd Gries John. "Iola, Kansas residential lead contamination /." Thesis, A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1536.

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11

Cotty, Peter J. "Aflatoxin Contamination: Variability and Management." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208346.

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Mapping aflatoxin contamination in the field reveals that most toxin occurs in relatively few, highly contaminated, bolls. Several studies suggest that protection of early bolls from pink bollworm damage will eliminate many of these highly contaminated bolls. Early harvest will also help reduce aflatoxin contamination. However, the crop must still be carefully managed after harvest because toxin content of mature bolls can increase very rapidly.
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12

Cotty, P. J., D. R. Howell, C. Bock, and A. Tellez. "Aflatoxin Contamination of Bt Cottonseed." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211132.

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Transgenic Bt cotton may have reduced susceptibility to aflatoxin contamination as a result of pink bollworm resistance. During 1995 and 1996, Bt cottonseed from several commercial fields in Arizona contained aflatoxin levels unacceptable for dairy use. Comparison of cottonseed with and without BGYF (bright-green-yellow fluorescence) from one highly contaminated (> 6,000 ppb aflatoxin Bj) Bt seed lot indicated that most contamination probably resulted from exposure of mature cotton to high humidity. Seed exhibiting BGYF was repeatedly detected in Bt cottonseed lots but, pink bollworm exit hole
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13

Coimbra-Lisboa, Paulo César. "On the contamination of confidence." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/7728.

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Submitted by Paulo César Coimbra Lisbôa (pc.coimbra@gmail.com) on 2010-11-11T01:39:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PhD_Thesis_Coimbra_v1.pdf: 516617 bytes, checksum: c44a6f3efb7c504da91a6f20e0a95b3f (MD5)<br>Rejected by Andrea Virginio Machado(andrea.machado@fgv.br), reason: Conforme conversamos, peço fazer a alteração para acesso livre. Andrea on 2010-11-11T14:03:11Z (GMT)<br>Submitted by Paulo César Coimbra Lisbôa (pc.coimbra@gmail.com) on 2010-11-11T14:17:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PhD_Thesis_Coimbra_v1.pdf: 516617 bytes, checksum: c44a6f3efb7c504da91a6f20e0a95b3f (MD5)<br>Approved for entry int
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14

Thomason, Jr Ernest Lowell. "Cross Contamination in Levered Endoscopes." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6138.

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Contamination is a prevalent issue with reprocessed levered endoscopes. The number of infections caused by resistant enterobacteriaceae in patients due to contaminated endoscopes increased to the point that the United States Food and Drug Administration released a safety alert to health care facilities that perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The purpose of this descriptive project was to evaluate if levered endoscopes used in ERCP procedures met high level disinfection criteria, were properly processed, and were germ free after reprocessing. The project was supporte
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15

Bowling, Frank, Daryl Stickings, Valerie Edwards-Jones, David Armstrong, and Andrew Boulton. "Hydrodebridement of wounds: effectiveness in reducing wound bacterial contamination and potential for air bacterial contamination." BioMed Central, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610180.

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BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to assess the level of air contamination with bacteria after surgical hydrodebridement and to determine the effectiveness of hydro surgery on bacterial reduction of a simulated infected wound.METHODS:Four porcine samples were scored then infected with a broth culture containing a variety of organisms and incubated at 37degreesC for 24 hours. The infected samples were then debrided with the hydro surgery tool (Versajet, Smith and Nephew, Largo, Florida, USA). Samples were taken for microbiology, histology and scanning electron microscopy pre-infection, p
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16

Croft, Richard G. "Remediation techniques for gas plant contamination." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521955.

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17

MacDougall, Kenneth Alasdair. "Groundwater contamination : a risk based approach." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366814.

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18

Lang, Adam. "Contamination and decontamination of steel components." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/contamination-and-decontamination-of-steel-components(32951cc3-b259-4e0b-b97e-fcc45c507bb7).html.

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Nuclear plant stainless steel can become contaminated by radionuclides during normal operation whereby the final disposition of these materials then becomes a major decommissioning challenge to address. Characterisation of the chemical and metallurgical processes that underpin contamination is essential in consideration of developing cost effective decontamination and prevention methods, as are in situ measurement techniques that allow assessment of contamination. To address these issues, contamination experiments to simulate the nitric acid-based reprocessing streams of the PUREX (Plutonium U
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19

Roth, Jake. "Bleed air oil contamination particulate characterization." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19022.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering<br>Mohammad H. Hosni<br>Byron W. Jones<br>Gas turbine engine oil is contaminating the bleed air of an aircraft with enough frequency and intensity that health concerns are of public interest. While previous work measured micro particles and used only a simulator, this work mainly consists of measurements in the nanoparticle and ultrafine range using both the simulator and two different gas turbine engines. No previous research has been conducted using working jet engines to simulate a bleed air system and characterize the oi
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20

Alexander, Barbara M. "Contamination of Firefighter Personal Protective Gear." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337885489.

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21

Mahomed, N. "Finite element analysis of groundwater contamination." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8294.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The purpose of this study was to develop a computational Finite Element model, validated by experimentation, to assist in the understanding of groundwater contamination problems. It was mainly aimed at studying the extent and manner of travel of contaminants in the saturated soil of unconfined aquifers which may be pumped by of wells.
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22

Lakies, Marcel. "Dynamic Cabin Air Contamination Calculation Theory." Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO), Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194940196.

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In this report an equation is derived to calculate the dynamic effect of primary and secondary aircraft cabin air contamination. The equation is applied in order to understand implications and hazards. Primary contamination is from an outside source in form of normal low level contamination or high level contamination in a failure case. Secondary contamination originates from deposited material released into the cabin by a trigger event. The dynamic effect is described as an initial value problem (IVP) of a system governed by a nonhomogeneous linear first order ordinary differential equation (
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23

Green, Kemble. ""Nursing Contamination: Wearing Scrubs in Public"." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/238.

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Nurses are frequently seen in public in their “scrubs,” which could mean that contaminated clothing is being brought into the community, thereby posing an infection risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate if and which contaminants are present on the fabrics and the actions nurses are taking to eliminate contamination risks. Eleven scrub tops were worn on hospital units over one twelve-hour shift. The contaminated scrubs and three control tops were then swabbed and used to inoculate agar plates. After incubation, colonies were counted, streaked onto nutrient and Mannitol-salt agar for
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24

Spilsbury, Francis David. "Fish Fingerprints Signatures of Oil Contamination." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88429.

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A laboratory exposure trial investigating the effects of crude oil and heavy fuel oil on Lates calcarifer (barramundi, or Asian seabass), including analysis of biochemical biomarkers, gut microbiome studies, otolith microchemistry and geochemical biomarkers. This work has developed a novel, non-subjective method for the forensic identification of source oil in the event of a spill, using multivariate analysis of the ecotoxicological effects exhibited by fish exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons.
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25

Lucas, Jean-Paul. "Contamination des logements par le plomb : prévalence des logements à risque et identication des déterminants de la contamination." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ee1e7f1b-e1e9-455c-afa8-ea7f68143c8e.

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Les niveaux en plomb (Pb) en milieu résidentiel ont été estimés pour la 1ère fois en France métropolitaine. Pour cela les outils de la théorie des sondages ont été appliqués aux données de l'enquête Plomb-Habitat (2008-2009). Un échantillon de 484 logements a été construit afin d'étudier la population de résidences principales (N = 3 581 991) abritant au moins un enfant âgé de 6 mois à 6 ans. Environ 2,9% des logements possèdent une concentration en Pb dans l'eau du robinet supérieure au seuil réglementaire (SR) de 10 µg/L ; dans 0,21% des logements et 4,1% des parties communes le SR américain
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26

Lucas, Jean-Paul. "Contamination des logements par le plomb : prévalences des logements à risque et identification des déterminants de la contamination." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946167.

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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le domaine de la contamination des logements par le plomb. Il a consisté à estimer la prévalence des logements possédant un risque plomb et à identifier les déterminants de la contamination des poussières intérieures déposées au sol. Le travail s'est basé sur les données collectées dans 484 logements et 1834 pièces lors de la réalisation de l'enquête Plomb-Habitat (2008-2009). L'échantillon a été obtenu par un plan de sondage complexe à partir duquel un poids de sondage a été associé à chaque logement. La démarche s'est organisée en 4 temps. Elle a consisté tout d'abo
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27

Demmer, Rick. "Decontamination method comparison testing using simulated contamination." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/80223/.

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Radiological decontamination of surfaces is challenging. Cleanup tasks are typically visual or even chemically measured, but radioactive contamination is invisible and measured at extremely low levels. Different contamination events have lead to the development of hundreds of decontamination processes. Their selection balances criteria such as cost effectiveness and waste minimization. While testing on the actual system where the contaminations arises (as "field" radioactive specimens) is appropriate, doing so is expensive and time consuming. Simulating contamination with substitute contaminan
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28

Conboy, Mary Jane. "Bacterial contamination of rural drinking water wells." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35790.pdf.

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29

Bujatzeck, Baldur. "Decision support system for alleviating phosphorus contamination." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22032.

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The management of natural resources has greatly improved over the past decade. Despite advances in modelling the fate of nutrients or in modelling socio-economic effects of different farm management strategies, tools that integrate the advances made in these fields are still lacking. To develop a tool to overcome this gap, this research focused on the development of a multi-objective decision support system (MODSS) to alleviate phosphorus (P) contamination from agricultural fields and small watersheds. A decision supporting framework was designed to allow technical and public users to run the
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30

Braga, Maria Cristina Borba. "Surface water quality modelling of mercury contamination." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396307.

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31

Moles, Velázquez Andrés. "Autonomy, freedom of speech and mental contamination." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2422/.

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The aim of the thesis is to rebut the dominant autonomy-based defence of hate speech within a liberal framework. The thesis argues that liberal egalitarianism is compatible with certain restrictions on free speech. I defend the view that liberal ideals such as equality and autonomy are, contrary to the arguments of many liberals, better achieved by imposing certain restrictions on what citizens are allowed to express. I examine the problem of freedom of expression in the context. of the public/private distinction. In particular, I explore the Rawlsian conception of this distinction, which is b
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32

Rivett, Michael Owen. "The organic contamination of the Birmingham aquifer." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491197.

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33

Poniger, S., H. Tochon-Danguy, H. Sachinidis, K. Alt, C. Hagemeyer, and A. Scott. "Reducing metal contamination in Cu-64 production." Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-166071.

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Introduction In the past several years there has been a growing interest in the development of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with metallic radionuclides (Anderson et al. 1999). Of particular interest is the positron emitter Cu-64 (t½ = 12.7 h) for molecular imaging of small molecules as well as peptides and antibodies (Smith 2004). This has led us to the recent implementation of a solid target production facility using commercially available target irradiation station and chemistry modules. Routine production of Cu-64 was achieved with an average production yield of 0.32 mCi/μAh, however purifi
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34

Largueche, Fatima-Zohra. "Assessment of ground contamination using Kriging techniques." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320825.

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35

Bailey, Susan K. "Tributyltin (TBT) contamination in Scottish coastal waters." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292212.

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36

Durrant, Christopher. "Effects of metal contamination on fish populations." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2010. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/effects-of-metal-contamination-on-fish-populations(cd690b4f-265d-48cd-805e-c561e411b370).html.

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37

Santana, Marina Ferreira Mourão. "Effects of microplastics contamination on marine biota." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-20032016-174906/.

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Microplastic pollution (particles < 5mm) is one of the most widespread impacts from modern society. Here, microplastic impacts were investigated through experimental assessments considering different exposure scenarios using mussels and micro-PVC as models. These aimed to investigate mussels\' physiological signs of stress under acute and chronic exposures and microplastics transference, assimilation and retention along food chains. In acute exposures, PVC intake affected mussels\' physiology over time, also influenced by plastics additives and particle concentration. Interactions among exposu
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38

Lavigne, Hélène. "Hémodialyse : contamination microbiologique et pyrogénique du dialysat." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P088.

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39

Samoilenko, N., I. Yermakovych, and L. Mårtensson. "Water contamination of urban areas by pharmaceuticals." Thesis, Белорусский государственный технологический университет; Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2014. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/25401.

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The occurrence and fate data of pharmaceuticals in the environment were described in the article. The main list of pharmaceuticals groups identified in surface and sewage waters was shown according to studies of laboratories in the U.S. and Europe. The main approaches for reduction of pharmaceuticals releasing into environment and monitoring of surface water were considered.
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40

Babashova, Nazrin. "Detection of NORM contamination in LNG systems." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95953.

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Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), which is present in the oil and gas industry, can pose a risk to the workers engaged in the activities in this field. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, there is no study on NORM presence and NORM measurement in liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel systems and installations. Therefore, the question on whether NORM, particularly radon and radon progeny, can pose a risk to the health of employees, is still open. This study provides the initial base for further investigation and real NORM measurement. In this study, all stages of radon and radon decay pro
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41

Luo, Yongshou. "Optimal monitoring and remediation of groundwater contamination." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056479934.

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Morehead, Donald. "Spatiotemporal Patterns of Contamination in Surface Water." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1572879201471779.

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43

Halstead, John Michael. "Managing ground water contamination from agricultural nitrates." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54787.

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Ground water contamination from agricultural nitrates poses potential adverse health effects to a large segment of the rural population of the United States. Contamination is especially prevalent in livestock intensive areas, which produce large quantities of animal waste with substantial nitrogen content. In this study, potential management strategies for reducing nitrate contamination of ground water from agricultural sources were examined using an economic-physical model of a representative dairy farm in Rockingham County, Virginia. A mixed integer programming model with stochastic constra
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Borde, Yannick. "Gestion de la contamination en microélectronique avancée." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0150.

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La performance globale d’un site de production peut directement dépendre de sa stratégie de prise en compte de la contamination et sa croissance et pérennité sont liées à sa capacité à faire face à de nouveaux contaminants. Les règles de lutte contre la contamination doivent autoriser une introduction rapide des technologies potentiellement perturbatrices tout en gardant des coûts associés le plus faible possible. Cette thèse apporte une meilleure compréhension du thème contamination en explorant des sujets pointus avec une approche scientifique novatrice par rapport à l’état de l’art en micro
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Gelin, Martin, and Skogsberg Rikard Fridsén. "Water Contamination Detection With Artificial Neural Networks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295605.

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Drinking water is one of our most important re- sources, so the ability to reliably monitor harmful contaminations in our water distribution network is vital. In order to minimize false alarms for water monitoring, while keeping a high sensitivity, a machine learning approach was evaluated in this project. Measurement data captured with a new kind of sensor, an electronic tongue, was provided by Linköping university. The solution was an artificial neural network, in the structure of an Autoencoder, which could learn the dynamic behaviour of natural deviations and with a false alarm rate of app
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46

Silva, Vera Alexandra Félix Graça. "Contamination by wildfires runoff: effects of biofiltration." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9858.

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Mestrado em Biologia Aplicada - Ecologia, Biodiversidade e Gestão de Ecossistemas<br>Todos os anos, vastas áreas da região Mediterrânea são devastadas por incêndios florestais. Estes podem causar sérios impactos nos ecossistemas, existindo um interesse crescente sobre os seus efeitos na qualidade da água e no biota aquático. A partir de extratos aquosos de cinzas, que se assumiu simularem escorrências de uma área ardida, determinaram-se analiticamente vários metais e dezasseis hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs). Paralelamente, foi realizada uma avaliação ecotoxicológica desse
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Amaral, Maria José Aires do. "Lacertid lizards as bioindicators of agricultural contamination." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8395.

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Doutoramento em Biologia - Ecotoxicologia e Biologia Ambiental<br>Apesar do recente aumento no número de estudos, os lagartos persistem como um dos grupos menos estudados em ecotoxicologia e o desconhecimento em relação à sua resposta à contaminação ambiental é enorme. A nível europeu, os lacertídeos têm sido identificados como potenciais espécies modelo para a ecotoxicologia com répteis. O principal objectivo deste projecto era determinar se um lacertídeo abundante pertencente ao género Podarcis, podia ser utilizado como bioindicador de exposição e toxicidade em zonas agrícolas. Para a
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48

Nobliá, Matilda, and Christian Ryan. "Contamination Event Detection in Water Distribution Systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214698.

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In any society, making sure that its citizens havea clean water supply is a fundamental issue. By modernizingthe way water distribution systems (WDSs) are monitored andcontrolled, the impact of contamination can be maintained andminimized. By using sensors that monitor relevant physicalparameters, a system that detects contamination and limitspopulation exposure can be designed. To achieve this, the workpresented in this report is focused on three main topics.Firstly, parameters for determining water quality are examined.This is the basis for choosing relevant sensors. Secondly,a study of cont
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49

Kachapulula, Paul W., and Paul W. Kachapulula. "Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi and Contamination in Zambia." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625642.

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Aflatoxins are cancer-causing, immuno-suppressive mycotoxins that frequently contaminate important staples in Zambia including maize and groundnut. Managing aflatoxins begins with understanding the distribution of aflatoxins across the target region. Seventeen percent of crops from markets contained aflatoxin concentrations above allowable levels in Zambia, with the frequency of contamination in groundnut and maize highest in warmest regions of the country. Proper management of aflatoxin contamination requires a clear understanding of the etiologic agents of the observed contamination. Sever
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50

Probst, Claudia. "Fungi Associated with Aflatoxin Contamination in Africa." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201499.

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Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by members of the fungal genus Aspergillus. Immunosuppressive and carcinogenic activities of these toxins negatively impact human health especially in developing countries. Severity of contamination is influenced by both fungal community structure and the environment to which the crop is exposed either prior to or after harvest. In 2004, a severe episode of lethal human aflatoxicosis occurred in the Eastern Province of Kenya. Analysis of fungal community structure revealed that this event was caused by a previously unknown fungal lineage closely r
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