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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Critic genetics"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 11 febbraio 2022

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1

Morimura, Tetsuro, Eiji Uchibe, and Kenji Doya. "Natural actor-critic with baseline adjustment for variance reduction." Artificial Life and Robotics 13, no. 1 (2008): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10015-008-0514-8.

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2

Itoh, Hideaki, and Kazuyuki Aihara. "Combination of an actor/critic algorithm with goal-directed reasoning." Artificial Life and Robotics 5, no. 4 (2001): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02481507.

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3

Ahn, Inkyung, and Jooyoung Park. "Drug scheduling of cancer chemotherapy based on natural actor-critic approach." Biosystems 106, no. 2-3 (2011): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2011.07.005.

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4

Makino, Kenji, Yutaka Nakamura, Tomohiro Shibata, and Shin Ishii. "Adaptive control of a looper-like robot based on the CPG-actor-critic method." Artificial Life and Robotics 12, no. 1-2 (2008): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10015-007-0453-9.

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5

Frémaux, Nicolas, Henning Sprekeler, and Wulfram Gerstner. "Reinforcement Learning Using a Continuous Time Actor-Critic Framework with Spiking Neurons." PLoS Computational Biology 9, no. 4 (2013): e1003024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003024.

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6

Bystrov, Vladimir, and Vladimir Kamnev. "Vulgar Sociologism: The History of the Concept." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 18, no. 3 (2019): 286–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2019-3-286-308.

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This article can be considered as the history of the concept of vulgar sociologism, including both the moment of the emergence of this concept and its subsequent history. In the 20th century, new approaches were formed in the natural sciences about society and man which assumed to consider all of the ideas from the point of view of class psycho-ideology. This approach manifested itself somewhat in the history of philosophical and scientific knowledge, but chiefly in literary criticism (Friche, Pereverzev). As a result, any work of art turns into a ciphered message behind which the interest of

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7

Mannella, Francesco, and Gianluca Baldassarre. "A neural-network reinforcement-learning model of domestic chicks that learn to localize the centre of closed arenas." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1479 (2007): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1966.

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Previous experiments have shown that when domestic chicks ( Gallus gallus ) are first trained to locate food elements hidden at the centre of a closed square arena and then are tested in a square arena of double the size, they search for food both at its centre and at a distance from walls similar to the distance of the centre from the walls experienced during training. This paper presents a computational model that successfully reproduces these behaviours. The model is based on a neural-network implementation of the reinforcement-learning actor–critic architecture (in this architecture the ‘c

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8

Singh, Rama S. "Darwin’s legacy: why biology is not physics, or why evolution has not become a common sense1Award Lecture, Genetics Society of Canada P. Moens and W.F. Grant Award of Excellence, 2010. / Conférence du récipiendaire, Prix d’excellence P. Moens et W.F. Grant de la Société de Génétique du Canada, 2010." Genome 54, no. 10 (2011): 868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g11-046.

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Cosmology and evolution together have enabled us to look deep into the past and comprehend evolution—from the big bang to the cosmos, from molecules to humans. Here, I compare the nature of theories in biology and physics and ask why physical theories get accepted by the public without necessarily comprehending them but biological theories do not. Darwin’s theory of natural selection, utterly simple in its premises but profound in its consequences, is not accepted widely. Organized religions, and creationists in particularly, have been the major critic of evolution, but not all opposition to e

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9

Hatakeyama, Hiroyuki, Shingo Mabu, Kotaro Hirasawa, and Jinglu Hu. "Genetic Network Programming with Actor-Critic." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 11, no. 1 (2007): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2007.p0079.

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A new graph-based evolutionary algorithm named “Genetic Network Programming, GNP” has been already proposed. GNP represents its solutions as graph structures, which can improve the expression ability and performance. In addition, GNP with Reinforcement Learning (GNP-RL) was proposed a few years ago. Since GNP-RL can do reinforcement learning during task execution in addition to evolution after task execution, it can search for solutions efficiently. In this paper, GNP with Actor-Critic (GNP-AC) which is a new type of GNP-RL is proposed. Originally, GNP deals with discrete information, but GNP-

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10

Condit, Celeste M. "How the public understands genetics: non-deterministic and non-discriminatory interpretations of the “blueprint” metaphor." Public Understanding of Science 8, no. 3 (1999): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/8/3/302.

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Critics have worried that recent mass media coverage of genetics encourages genetic determinism and discriminatory attitudes in the public. They have identified the “blueprint” metaphor as one major component of public discourse that encourages such undesirable public opinions. To assess public interpretations of popular discourse about genetics, this audience study exposed 137 college students to sample genetics news articles and asked for their interpretations of the “blueprint” metaphor and of genetics in general. A larger group, the plurality, offered non-deterministic interpretations and

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11

Alvis, John. "The Philosopher's Literary Critic." Review of Politics 78, no. 4 (2016): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670516000620.

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Leon Craig's five books are interrelated by a common approach: Craig writes of philosophic matters juxtaposing them with literary works, or one may reverse the order—whichever way, the exegesis proceeds in tandem. Moreover, he has intertwined the books in a sequential development. One can perceive Craig discovered his fountainhead in Plato. His first book, in 1993, The War Lover: A Study of Plato's “Republic,” has left its genetic pattern upon the next four, Of Philosophers and Kings: Political Philosophy in Shakespeare's “Macbeth” and “King Lear” (2001), The Platonian Leviathan (2010), Philos

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12

SHIBATA, Takanori, and Toshio FUKUDA. "Robotic Motion Planning by Genetic Algorithm with Fuzzy Critic." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 30, no. 3 (1994): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.30.337.

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13

Saukko, Paula. "State of play in direct-to-consumer genetic testing for lifestyle-related diseases: market, marketing content, user experiences and regulation." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 72, no. 1 (2013): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665112002960.

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Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests have aroused controversy. Critics have argued many of the tests are not backed by scientific evidence, misguide their customers and should be regulated more stringently. Proponents suggest that finding out genetic susceptibilities for diseases could encourage healthier behaviours and makes the results of genetics research available to the public. This paper reviews the state of play in DTC genetic testing, focusing on tests identifying susceptibilities for lifestyle-related diseases. It will start with mapping the market for the tests. The paper will revi

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14

Baranov, Vladislav. "Major Critical Periods in Developmental Pathogenomics of Endometriosis." Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 3, no. 1 (2019): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/017.

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In spite on numerous experimental and clinical data molecular mechanisms of endometriosis (EM) - the most common benign tumor of the female reproductive tract still remains obscure . The deciphering enigmas of EM gave a birth to a number of hypothesis . System genetics approach used in our studies of common diseases support the existence of special genetic program of EM operative in its development. It is taken for granted that EM results from abnormal differentiation of stem cells (SC). Two major sources of EM SC are considered : SC disseminated throughout peritoneum during female reproductiv

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15

Bauer, Keith A. "Transhumanism and Its Critics." International Journal of Technoethics 1, no. 3 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jte.2010070101.

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Transhumanism is a social, technological, political, and philosophical movement that advocates the transformation of human nature by means of pharmacology, genetic manipulation, cybernetic modification, nanotechnology, and a host of other technologies. The aim of this movement is to increase physical and sensory abilities, augment intelligence and memory, and extend lifespan. After providing some background on transhumanism, its philosophical heritage, and its goals, the author looks at three arguments against transhumanism, arguing that they are unpersuasive and should be rejected. This paper

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16

Wright, Karen, and William Diehl-Jones. "An Introduction to Clinical Genetics." Neonatal Network 38, no. 5 (2019): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.38.5.266.

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Understanding the principles of basic genetics is the beginning of understanding more complex and advanced genetic studies, such as epigenetics. This article presents a review of the basic concepts of genetics, Mendelian and non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance, and basic genetic testing.

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17

Braunack-Mayer, Annette J. "Ethics and health technology assessment: Handmaiden and/or critic?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 22, no. 3 (2006): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462306051191.

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Objectives: This study examines the content and role of ethical analysis in health technology assessment (HTA) and horizon scanning publications. It proposes that ethical analysis in HTA is of at least two different types: an ethics of HTA and an ethics in HTA.Methods: I examine the critical differences between these approaches through the examples of the analysis of genetic screening for breast cancer and home blood glucose testing in diabetes. I then argue that, although both approaches subscribe to similar views concerning HTA and ethics, they use different theoretical and methodological tr

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18

Zlotnik-Shagina, Olha. "LEONID RUDNITSKY IS A RESEARCHER OF I. FRANKO`S WORKS." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 35 (2019): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2019.35.144-149.

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The article deals with the system of views of the famous researcher of German and Slavs literature L. Rudnitsky. The author conducts studies with a focus on neo-views of authoritative international scholars in the context of comparative literature, with an examination of monographic studies of Rudnitsky on Ivan Franko’s work – the famous Ukrainian critic, ethnographer, literary critic, man of letters. L. Rudnitsky’s focus is on Franko as on the translator and popularizer of the works of German and Western literature, in particular, Lessing, Schiller, Goethe, etc. The author pays special attent

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19

TAHAMI, EHSAN, AMIR HOMAYOUN JAFARI, and ALI FALLAH. "APPLICATION OF AN EVOLUTIONARY ACTOR–CRITIC REINFORCEMENT LEARNING METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF A THREE-LINK MUSCULOSKELETAL ARM DURING A REACHING MOVEMENT." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 13, no. 02 (2013): 1350040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519413500401.

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In this paper, the control of a planar three-link musculoskeletal arm by using a revolutionary actor–critic reinforcement learning (RL) method during a reaching movement to a stationary target is presented. The arm model used in this study included three skeletal links (wrist, forearm, and upper arm), three joints (wrist, elbow, and shoulder without redundancy), and six non-linear monoarticular muscles (with redundancy), which were based on the Hill model. The learning control system was composed of actor, critic, and genetic algorithm (GA) parts. Two single-layer neural networks were used for

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20

MABU, Shingo, Kotaro HIRASAWA, Hiroyuki HATAKEYAMA, and Takayuki FURUZUKI. "Performance Evaluation of Genetic Network Programming with Actor-Critic for Creating Mobile Robot Behavior." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 44, no. 4 (2008): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/ve.sicetr1965.44.343.

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21

Howington, Lynnette, Kristina Riddlesperger, and Dennis J. Cheek. "Essential Nursing Competencies for Genetics and Genomics: Implications for Critical Care." Critical Care Nurse 31, no. 5 (2011): e1-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2011867.

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The implications of genetics and genomics for critical care nurses are becoming more evident, not only in the care provided but also in the numerous medications administered. Genetic causes are being discovered for an increasing number of chronic illnesses and diseases, such as Huntington disease. Because of the scientific and pharmacological advances, leading nursing organizations, such as the American Nurses Association, have established competencies in genetic knowledge for nurses. Such competencies help ensure quality care. Recent advances in the pharmacogenomics of therapy for human immun

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22

Frank Nobre, Sofia, Florencio Vicente Castro, and María Lapa Esteves. "PRODUTIVIDADE: CRITICA (L) RESILIÊNCIA." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 5, no. 1 (2016): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v5.679.

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Abstract.Knowing that resilience is determined by genetic and environmental factors upon the culture of origin, age and gender of the individual (19, 4, 6, 7, 5, 14) and that the issue of productivity is seriously notorious (18, 8 and 3) in the current world of serious competitiveness and insecure survival, it’s prudent to evaluate the relationship between resilience and productivity. Our research, in development, aims to build a new model of psychotherapeutic intervention to develop individual’s resilience and productivity, recognizing which resilience’s categories contribute the most to incr

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23

Semendeferi, Ioanna. "Legitimating a Nuclear Critic: John Gofman, Radiation Safety, and Cancer Risks." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 38, no. 2 (2008): 259–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2008.38.2.259.

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Whether low-level ionizing radiation has an effect on humans has been a polarizing issue for the last fifty years. The epicenter of this controversy has been the validity of the linear non-threshold dose-response model, according to which any amount of radiation, however small, causes damage to human genes and health. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the nuclear scientist and medical researcher John Gofman (1918––2007) played a pivotal role in the debate. Historical accounts have treated Gofman as a radical antinuclear scientist whose unscientific arguments put enormous political pressure on

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24

Braid, Susan. "The Basics of Molecular Genetic Testing in the NICU." Neonatal Network 38, no. 5 (2019): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.38.5.274.

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Understanding of genetics has grown rapidly over the past 20 years and has led to the new diagnostic genetic technologies used in the NICU. These molecular genetic tests help diagnose neonates with congenital anomalies, growth disorders, and dysmorphic features. This article presents the basic molecular biology needed to understand such diagnostic tools. Neonatal intensive care nurses are on the forefront of this technology, and need to understand it so they can provide optimal nursing care and support to parents of neonates going through this advanced genetic testing.

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25

Kenner, Carole, and Stephanie Amlung. "Newborn Genetic Screening: Blessing or Curse?" Neonatal Network 18, no. 7 (1999): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.18.7.11.

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Newly discovered genes and advances in genetic screening programs prompt many questions reflecting the kinds of ethical dilemmas that go hand in hand with life-changing discoveries. Neonatal genetic screening has been a standard of care for some time, but as our knowledge in the field of genetics expands, should we continue with the same approach? What newborn genetic screening tests should be mandatory, and what are the long-range consequences associated with testing? This article reviews genetic modes of inheritance, outlines and explains the most common newborn screening tests, and enumerat

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26

Resnik, David B. "The Human Genome Diversity Project: Ethical Problems and Solutions." Politics and the Life Sciences 18, no. 1 (1999): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400023510.

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The goal of the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) is to provide a comprehensive study of genetic diversity across different human populations. Scientists working on the HGDP plan to collect samples from all 400 to 500 geographically isolated or culturally unique human populations that desire to participate in the project. Few people have questioned the scientific merits of the HGDP and its potential contribution to our understanding of human genetics, but the project has created a storm of moral, cultural, and political controversy during its brief existence. Opponents have argued that the

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27

Caillat-Zucman, Sophie, and Jean-Francois Bach. "Genetic Predisposition to IDDM." Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 19, no. 3 (2000): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/criai:19:3:227.

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JACKMAN, SIMON. "LIBERALISM, PUBLIC OPINION, AND THEIR CRITICS." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 775, no. 1 (1995): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb23153.x.

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29

Barber, Michael D. "Genetic phenomenology and potentiality: a new insight to the theory of impathy in Husserl." Análisis, no. 75 (April 6, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/s0120-8454.2009.0075.02.

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<p>The following article has a main objective to re-read the theory of Empathy (Einfülung) by Edmund Husserl, through an analysis of the concept of analogic aprehension, since the critics by Alfred Schutz on his text The problem of trascendental intersubjectivity in Hussert.</p>

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30

Schroeder, Harry W. "Genetics of IgA Deficiency and Common Variable Immunodeficiency." Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 19, no. 2 (2000): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/criai:19:2:127.

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31

Hopp, Russell J. "Epidemiology and Genetics of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma." Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 22, no. 1 (2002): 001–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/criai:22:1:001.

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32

Schubert, Charlotte. "Reformed US malaria program garners critics' approval." Nature Medicine 13, no. 2 (2007): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0207-109a.

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Ready, Tinker. "NIH privatization push compromising science, critics warn." Nature Medicine 9, no. 12 (2003): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1203-1442b.

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Harper, P. S. "Eugenics, Human Genetics and Human Failings: The Eugenics Society, its Sources and its Critics in Britain." Journal of Medical Genetics 29, no. 6 (1992): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.29.6.440-a.

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Palatnik, AnneMarie. "Genetics and genomics." Nursing Critical Care 5, no. 6 (2010): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccn.0000389042.33242.38.

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36

Salardi, Silvia. "‘Usi’ e ‘abusi’ nel diritto: Una riflessione critica sulla normativa in materia di analisi genetiche." Filozofija i drustvo 24, no. 2 (2013): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1302239s.

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Al centro di questo contributo vi ? l?analisi eticogiuridica degli atti normativi disciplinanti le analisi genetiche in vari contesti, ad esempio, ricerca medica, terapia, medicina legale e cos? dicendo. Lo scopo ? di mettere in evidenza i valori ai quali sono state improntate alcune risposte normative. Pertanto, dopo una ricognizione delle varie tipologie di analisi genetiche e dei loro possibili impieghi, il presente lavoro confronta i testi normativi internazionali, europei e nazionali (Austria, Francia, Germania, Svizzera), al fine di individuare la strada percorsa e da percorrere per salv

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Schmidt, Deborah. "Genetics." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 24, no. 1 (1995): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1995.tb02372.x.

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Maserati, Megan, and Sheila A. Alexander. "Genetics and Genomics of Acute Neurologic Disorders." AACN Advanced Critical Care 29, no. 1 (2018): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2018566.

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Neurologic diseases and injuries are complex and multifactorial, making risk prediction, targeted treatment modalities, and outcome prognostication difficult and elusive. Genetics and genomics have affected clinical practice in many aspects in medicine, particularly cancer treatment. Advancements in knowledge of genetic and genomic variability in neurologic disease and injury are growing rapidly. Although these data are not yet ready for use in clinical practice, research continues to progress and elucidate information that eventually will provide answers to complex neurologic questions and se

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Hirasawa, Hiroyuki, Shigeto Oda, Eizo Watanabe, Takaaki Nakada, Ryuzo Abe, and Shunsuke Otani. "Cytokine-related genetic polymorphism in critical care medicine." Journal of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine 14, no. 1 (2007): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3918/jsicm.14.14.

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Hellman, Deborah. "What Makes Genetic Discrimination Exceptional?" American Journal of Law & Medicine 29, no. 1 (2003): 77–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800002343.

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Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of disease has inspired hope but also fear. While establishing a link between a person's genetic makeup and a propensity to disease may lead to better treatment, many scientists, physicians and genetic counselors also worry that it may lead to discrimination. Although access to health insurance is the primary concern, people also fear discrimination in life and disability insurance, employment and other contexts, such as child custody decisions or adoption. In response to this concern, many state legislatures have passed laws forbidding geneti

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Weitz, Eric D. "On Certainties and Ambivalencies: Reply to My Critics." Slavic Review 61, no. 1 (2002): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696982.

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Eric D. Weitz argues that the Soviet Union promoted the development of national institutions and consciousness and explicidy rejected the ideology of race. Yet traces of racial politics crept into Soviet nationalities policies, especially between 1937 and 1953. In the Stalin period particular populations were endowed with immutable traits that every member of the group possessed and that were passed from one generation to the next. Recent scholarship, he suggests, has been resistant to drawing out the racial elements in the Stalinist purges of certain nationalities. Francine Hirsch challenges

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Martelli, G. P. "A critical appraisal of non conventional resistance to plant viruses." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2002): S15—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10311-pps.

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Among natural resistance mechanisms to plant pathogens, cultivar resistance has been extensively used in plant breeding to introduce what can be defined as “conventional” resistance to a number of them, including viruses. The necessity of overcoming the constraints of genetic incompatibility, so as to widen the range of possibile use of genetic control of infectious agents, has propitiated the utilization of biotechnological procedures, whereby “non conventional” or transgenic resistance was developed. Transgenic resistance to plant viruses encompasses the identification, cloning and tranferri

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Sharp, Richard R., and Morris W. Foster. "Involving Study Populations in the Review of Genetic Research." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 28, no. 1 (2000): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2000.tb00315.x.

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Research on human genetic variation can present collective risks to all members of a socially identifiable group. Research that associates race or ethnicity with a genetic disposition to disease, for example, presents risks of group discrimination and stigmatization. To better protect against these risks, some have proposed supplemental community-based reviews of research on genetic differences between populations. The assumption behind these appeals is that involving members of study populations in the review process can help to identify and minimize collective risks that otherwise could go u

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Condit, Celeste Michelle, Roxanne Parrott, and Tina M. Harris. "Lay understandings of the relationship between race and genetics: Development of a collectivized knowledge through shared discourse." Public Understanding of Science 11, no. 4 (2002): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/11/4/305.

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Throughout the past century, research into human genetics revealed the relationships between biochemistry and various human characteristics in increasing detail. At each step of this path of discovery, social critics warned that knowledge of genetics, and especially social attention to genetics, might heighten racist attitudes. In light of these warnings and the recent sequencing of the Human Genome, it is important to inquire into the interpretations laypersons might hold of the relationship between race and genetics. A variety of recent efforts have described the insufficiency of public opin

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Teuber, Bernardo. "!O Felix Lapsus! Autobiografia, critica genetica y genealogia del Sujeto en Paradiso de Jose Lezama Lima." MLN 108, no. 2 (1993): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2904638.

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Blackburn, Susan. "Medical Genetics." Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 18, no. 1 (2004): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005237-200401000-00012.

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Slack, Carolyn, Kerry Lurix, Sarah Lewis, and Lauren Lichten. "Prenatal Genetics." Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 20, no. 1 (2006): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005237-200601000-00028.

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Knerr, Sarah, Dawn Wayman, and Vence L. Bonham. "Inclusion of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Genetic Research: Advance the Spirit by Changing the Rules?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, no. 3 (2011): 502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00617.x.

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Abstract (sommario):

As genetic and genomic research has progressed since the sequencing of the human genome, scientists have continued to struggle to understand the role of genetic and socio-cultural factors in racial and ethnic health disparities. Recognition that race and ethnicity correlate imperfectly with differences in allele frequency, environmental exposures, and significant health outcomes has made framing the relationship between genetic variation, race, ethnicity, and disease one of the most heated debates of the genome era. Because racial and ethnic identities reflect a complicated mix of social and g

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Tin, Adrienne, and Anna Köttgen. "Genome-Wide Association Studies of CKD and Related Traits." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 15, no. 11 (2020): 1643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.00020120.

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Abstract (sommario):

The past few years have seen major advances in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of CKD and kidney function–related traits in several areas: increases in sample size from >100,000 to >1 million, enabling the discovery of >250 associated genetic loci that are highly reproducible; the inclusion of participants not only of European but also of non-European ancestries; and the use of advanced computational methods to integrate additional genomic and other unbiased, high-dimensional data to characterize the underlying genetic architecture and prioritize potentially causal genes and va

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Thomsen, Simon Francis, Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, and Vibeke Backer. "A Note on Twin–Singleton Differences in Asthma." Twin Research and Human Genetics 11, no. 2 (2008): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.11.2.161.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractTwins constitute a valuable resource for genetic studies of asthma. However, critics argue that twins are ‘special’ in terms of prenatal environment and upbringing and therefore nonrepresentative. In respect to asthma a small range of studies report differential morbidity in twins compared with singletons. We review some of the possible explanations for these findings and conclude that results from twin studies of asthma can be extrapolated to the general population.

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