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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Crop load"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

Peck, Gregory, Megan McGuire, Thomas Boudreau, and Amanda Stewart. "Crop Load Density Affects ‘York’ Apple Juice and Hard Cider Quality." HortScience 51, no. 9 (2016): 1098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci10962-16.

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To assess the impact crop load has on hard cider chemistry, ‘York’ apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees were hand thinned to three different crop loads: low [two apples per cm2 branch cross-sectional area (BCSA)], medium (four apples per BCSA), and high (six apples per BCSA). Higher crop loads produced smaller, less acidic fruit that were slightly more mature. In juice made from fruit from these treatments, the total polyphenol content did not differ at harvest, but, after fermentation, the medium crop load had 27% and the high crop load had 37% greater total polyphenol content than the low c

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2

Serra, Sara, Rachel Leisso, Luca Giordani, Lee Kalcsits, and Stefano Musacchi. "Crop Load Influences Fruit Quality, Nutritional Balance, and Return Bloom in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple." HortScience 51, no. 3 (2016): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.3.236.

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The apple variety, ‘Honeycrisp’ has been extensively planted in North America during the last two decades. However, it suffers from several agronomic problems that limit productivity and postharvest quality. To reduce losses, new information is needed to better describe the impact of crop load on productivity and postharvest fruit quality in a desert environment and the major region where ‘Honeycrisp’ expansion is occurring. Here, 7-year-old ‘Honeycrisp’ trees on the M9-Nic29 rootstock (2.5 × 0.9 m) were hand thinned to five different crop loads [from 4.7 to 16.0 fruit/cm2 of trunk cross-secti

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3

Reginato, Gabino H., Víctor García de Cortázar, and Terence L. Robinson. "Predicted Crop Value for Nectarines and Cling Peaches of Different Harvest Season as a Function of Crop Load." HortScience 42, no. 2 (2007): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.2.239.

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Several field experiments to assess the effect of tree size and crop load on fruit size and yield efficiency were conducted in cling peach and nectarine orchards of different harvest seasons in Chile. Trees were randomly selected in each orchard and then hand-thinned at the beginning of pit hardening to a wide range of crop loads. The fraction of above-canopy photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by the canopy (PAR i) was determined at harvest. All fruits were counted and weighed and average fruit weight calculated. Crop load and yield were normalized by tree size measured by i

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4

van Vliet, L. J. P., B. J. Zebarth, and G. Derksen. "Effect of fall-applied manure practices on runoff, sediment, and nutrient surface transport from silage corn in south coastal British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, no. 4 (2002): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-041.

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Runoff from manured cropland during the wet fall and winter season, when 70% of the annual rainfall occurs, is a surface water quality concern in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. This study compares different fall-manure application strategies on runoff and contaminant transport from silage corn (Zea mays) land. The treatments were (i) a control, which did not receive manure in the fall; (ii) manure broadcast in the fall on corn stubble; and (iii) manure broadcast in the fall on corn stubble with an established relay crop. Runoff, solids, and nutrients loads from natural precipitat

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5

Bound, Sally A. "Determination of Target Crop Loads for Maximising Fruit Quality and Return Bloom in Several Apple Cultivars." Applied Biosciences 2, no. 4 (2023): 586–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci2040037.

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In apple (Malus domestica), the level and timing of crop load have a major impact on the final fruit size and can also play a role in optimising internal fruit quality. Ideal crop loads vary with cultivar, but very few cultivars have recommended crop load targets that consider the effect of crop load on both return bloom and fruit quality. To address this issue, studies examining a range of crop loads and thinning times were undertaken on several apple cultivars. Return bloom and multiple fruit quality parameters were examined. The results of these studies demonstrate positive effects for earl

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6

Einhorn, Todd C., Debra Laraway, and Janet Turner. "Crop Load Management Does Not Consistently Improve Crop Value of ‘Sweetheart’/‘Mazzard’ Sweet Cherry Trees." HortTechnology 21, no. 5 (2011): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.5.546.

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The effect of crop load level on vegetative growth, fruit growth, yield, fruit quality, surface pitting, crop value and return bloom was studied over a 2-year period on 9- and 10-year-old ‘Sweetheart’/‘Mazzard’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium) trees. In early spring, whole-tree crop loads were adjusted to two different levels by removal of reproductive buds (either 50% or all but one) from spurs and compared with an unthinned control. In 2009, heavy crop loads of unthinned trees reduced fruit size by 30 days after full bloom (DAFB). At harvest, fruit diameter of thinned treatments was increased 22%

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7

Guerra, Marcos, Flor Álvarez-Taboada, Verónica Marabel, Amanda M. Felices, Álvaro Rodríguez-González, and Pedro A. Casquero. "Organic Agricultural Practice: Crop Load Management Enhancing Quality and Storability of High-Russet Pears." Horticulturae 10, no. 7 (2024): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070686.

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The variability of crop load in Conference pears significantly influences fruit quality and postharvest losses. This study aimed to investigate and implement a novel technique for managing crop load in Conference pear orchards, with a focus on contributing to sustainable orchard management practices. High-russet pear cv. Conference fruit was harvested from trees categorized into two groups based on yield efficiency. A two-way ANOVA was used to test the effects of crop load level and year on yield properties and fruit quality parameters. Results demonstrated that low crop loads exerted a positi

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8

Anthony, Brendon, Sara Serra, and Stefano Musacchi. "Optimizing Crop Load for New Apple Cultivar: “WA38”." Agronomy 9, no. 2 (2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020107.

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Crop load management is growing increasingly important as a factor related to biennial tendencies, post-harvest disorders, and inconsistent fruit quality in apples like “Honeycrisp”. Washington State University released a new apple cultivar, called “WA38”, in 2017. Limited literature is available about the productive characteristics of this new cultivar. An experimental trial evaluating the effect of crop load on leaf area, fruit quality, mineral composition, and return bloom of “WA 38” was conducted for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) to determine an optimal crop load. Trees were traine

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9

Sidhu, Ramandeep Singh, Sally A. Bound, and Ian Hunt. "Crop Load and Thinning Methods Impact Yield, Nutrient Content, Fruit Quality, and Physiological Disorders in ‘Scilate’ Apples." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (2022): 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12091989.

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Most apple cultivars produce too many flowers to enable consistent yields of high-quality fruit, thus, crop load management (thinning) is an integral part of orchard management in modern apple cultivation. Crop load is managed by thinning excess flowers and/or fruit from a tree, however ideal targets vary between cultivars. In this two-year study, the effect of thinning methods at different levels of crop load on fruit quality and production, post-harvest storability and physiological disorders, and fruit and leaf nutrient content in ‘Scilate’ apples were investigated in southern Tasmania, Aus

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10

Wünsche, Jens N., John W. Palmer, and Dennis H. Greer. "Effects of Crop Load on Fruiting and Gas-exchange Characteristics of `Braeburn'/M.26 Apple Trees at Full Canopy." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 125, no. 1 (2000): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.125.1.93.

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Effect of crop load on tree growth, leaf characteristics, photosynthesis, and fruit quality of 5-year-old `Braeburn' apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] trees on Malling 26 (M.26) rootstock was examined during the 1994-95 growing season. Crop loads ranged from 0 to 57 kg/tree [0 to 1.6 kg fruit/cm2 trunk cross sectional area (TCA) or 0 to 8.7 fruit/cm2 TCA]. Fruit maturity as indicated by background color, starch/iodine score, and soluble solids was advanced significantly on low-cropping trees compared to high-cropping trees. Whole-canopy leaf area and percentage

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11

Barden, John A. "CROP LOAD AND LIMB GIRDLING AFFECT APPLE FRUIT SIZE, COLOR, AND QUALITY." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 625d—625. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.625d.

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In 1990, 15-yr-old `Smoothee Golden Delicious' trees on M.9, M.9/MM.111, and MM.111 were used. On each of 4 trees per rootstock, 3 branches (1.0-1.7 cm dia) were selected. On 7 June (45 DAFB), crop loads were adjusted to 3, 5, or 7 fruit per cm2 branch cross sectional area (BXSA), and each branch was girdled. On 6 Sept all fruit were harvested; fruit weight, ground color, percent blush, soluble solids, starch, and firmness were regressed against crop load. Each was negatively related to crop load, most strongly for soluble solids, ground color and blush. Rootstock influenced several factors an

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12

Naor, A., I. Klein, I. Doron, Y. Gal, Z. Ben-David, and B. Bravdo. "Irrigation and Crop Load Interactions in Relation to Apple Yield and Fruit Size Distribution." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 3 (1997): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.3.411.

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The interaction between irrigation and crop load with respect to fruit size distribution was investigated in a `Golden Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh) orchard located in a semi-arid zone. Irrigation levels during the main fruit expansion phase ranged from 0.42 to 1.06 of the Class A pan evaporation coefficient. Crop load was adjusted to 100 to 450 fruit/tree in the 1250 trees/ha orchard by hand thinning. Total yield was not affected by irrigation level up to a crop load of 200 fruit/tree. Yield of all grades >65 mm was affected by irrigation level for higher crop densities. The yie

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13

Maas, F. M., and P. A. H. van der Steeg. "CROP LOAD REGULATION IN 'CONFERENCE' PEARS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 909 (October 2011): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.909.41.

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14

Francescatto, P., J. Lordan, and T. L. Robinson. "Precision crop load management in apples." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1281 (June 2020): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1281.53.

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15

Taylor, J. A., J. L. Dresser, C. C. Hickey, S. T. Nuske, and T. R. Bates. "Considerations on spatial crop load mapping." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 25, no. 2 (2018): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12378.

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16

Haouari, Afef, Marie-Christine Van Labeke, Kathy Steppe, Fethi Ben Mariem, Mohamed Braham, and Mohamed Chaieb. "Fruit thinning affects photosynthetic activity, carbohydrate levels, and shoot and fruit development of olive trees grown under semiarid conditions." Functional Plant Biology 40, no. 11 (2013): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp13094.

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Olive (Olea europaea L.) production is marked by annual oscillations as trees alternate from high to low crop loads in successive years. Gas exchanges and carbohydrate content of leaves and fruits in olive tree (O. europaea cv. Besbassi) were monitored at pit hardening and fruit ripening. After fruit set, three crop loads were applied (100%, 50% and 25% of the initial fruit load) by manual thinning. Severe fruit thinning reduced photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. Crop load had no significant effect on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The reduction of

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17

Mian, Giovanni, Michele Consolini, Antonio Cellini, et al. "A Multi-Year Study of Forchlorfenuron’s Effects on Physical Fruit Quality Parameters in A. chinensis var. chinensis." Agronomy 15, no. 1 (2025): 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15010215.

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CPPU, N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea, is a synthetic cytokinin extensively used to enhance fruit size and overall quality in several crops, including kiwifruit. This study aimed to investigate the effects of three different CPPU application strategies (2.3, 3.0, and 4.6 ppm) and two crop load levels on key fruit quality parameters at harvest, as well as on post-harvest storage performance. Our results demonstrate that two applications of CPPU (4.6 ppm) significantly increased fruit weight, especially under standard crop-load conditions, likely due to more efficient resource allocation. Ad

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18

Johnson*, Holly A., Steven A. Weinbaum, and Theodore M. DeJong. "Crop Load Effects on Subsequent Peach Floral Development, Pistil Size at Anthesis and Fruit Size at Maturity." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 851C—851. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.851c.

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The effects of low and high crop loads in 2002 on floral development (Summer 2002), pistil size at anthesis (Spring 2003), and subsequent season fruit size at maturity (Summer 2003) were studied. Trees were all thinned to the same crop load in 2003. Three peach cultivars (Elegant Lady, O'Henry and Fairtime) with different ripening times (mid-July, mid-August, and early-September, respectively) were used to assess the effects of current season crop on floral development for the subsequent season. Based on previous literature, we reasoned that the maximum competition for carbohydrates between ma

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19

Li, Kuo-Tan, Jim Syvertsen, and Jill Dunlop. "(463) Grapefruit Crop Load Affects Net Gas Exchange of Leaves, Tree Growth, and Fruit Quality." HortScience 40, no. 4 (2005): 1048A—1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1048a.

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Effects of crop load on leaf characteristics, shoot growth, fruit shape, fruit quality, and return bloom were investigated in 13-year-old `Ruby Red' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) on `Swingle' citrumleo rootstock. Trees were hand thinned in June 2003 and 2004 at the end of physiological fruit drop to establish three to four levels of crop load ranging from normal (high crop load without thinning) to extremely low (near 90% fruit removal). Leaves on high crop load trees had higher net assimilation of CO2 (ACO2) than those on low crop load trees. Crop load enhancement of ACO2 continued until

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20

Wesström, Ingrid, and Abraham Joel. "Effects of Drainage System Design on Nutrient Leaching and Crop Yield." Journal of the ASABE 67, no. 3 (2024): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15500.

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Highlights Tested drainage system designs had no clear effect on the total amount of drainage discharge. Tested drainage system designs had a clear effect on nutrient loads in drainage discharge. Corrugated plastic pipe drainage systems had higher N loads and lower P loads than tile drainage systems. Corrugated plastic pipe drainage systems gave higher yields than tile drainage systems and can be a profitable on-farm investment. Abstract. A clear strategy for adapting agricultural drainage to future climate change is important for environmental and economic reasons. In a study aimed at develop

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21

Inglese, P., T. Caruso, G. Gugliuzza, and L. S. Pace. "Crop Load and Rootstock Influence on Dry Matter Partitioning in Trees of Early and Late Ripening Peach Cultivars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 5 (2002): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.5.825.

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Effect of crop load on dry matter partitioning was studied on 3-year-old peach [(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group)] trees of the early ripening `Early May Crest' (EMC) grafted on `GF677' and Penta (Prunus domestica L.) rootstock and the late ripening `Flaminia' grafted on `GF677' rootstock [(Prunus persica × Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] and grown outdoors in 230-L containers, for 2 years. Fruit thinning was carried out 10 days after fruit set to produce different crop loads. Trees were sampled destructively throughout two growing seasons and divided into above-ground and root compo

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22

Ferguson, I. B., and C. B. Watkins. "Crop Load Affects Mineral Concentrations and Incidence of Bitter Pit in `Cox's Orange Pippin' Apple Fruit." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 3 (1992): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.3.373.

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Apple fruit (Malus domestics Borkh. cv. Cox's Orange Pippin) were harvested in four orchards from trees growing under the same conditions but differing in crop load. Regardless of fruit size, apples from light-cropping trees had lower Ca and higher K concentrations and more bitter pit than did fruit from trees with heavy crop loads. The inverse relationship between Ca concentration in the fruit and the incidence of bitter pit also varied according to crop load and could affect the ability to predict incidence of bitter pit from Ca measurements. Differences in fruit maturity that would influenc

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23

Garriz, P. I., G. M. Colavita, and H. L. Alvarez. "166 Influence of Crop Level on Growth and Quality of `Braeburn' Apple Fruit." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 418E—419. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.418e.

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Crop load and the genetic biological carrying capacity (source–sink relationships) determine the potential for fruit size development on apple; however, the environment within which the fruit grows attenuates this potential. The effects of different crop loads on the growth pattern and the progress of maturity in apples were evaluated at the Comahue National Univ., Argentina (lat. 38 56'S long 67 59'W), during the 1998–99 growing season. Our experiment was conducted on 6-year-old `Braeburn'/Malling Merton 111 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees spaced 4.0 × 2.3 m and trained to palmette leade

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24

Blanco, Victor, Pedro J. Blaya-Ros, Roque Torres-Sánchez, and Rafael Domingo. "Irrigation and Crop Load Management Lessen Rain-Induced Cherry Cracking." Plants 11, no. 23 (2022): 3249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233249.

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The combined effects of deficit irrigation and crop load level on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) physiological and agronomic response were evaluated during the 2019 season in a commercial orchard located in southeastern Spain. Two irrigation treatments were imposed: (i) control treatment (CTL) irrigated above crop water requirements at 110% of crop evapotranspiration (ETC) and (ii) a deficit irrigation treatment (DI) irrigated at 70% ETC. Within each irrigation treatment, crop load was adjusted to three levels: 100% (natural crop load—high), 66% (medium crop load), and 33% (low crop load). The

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25

Snyder-Leiby, Teresa Eileen, and Shixiong Wang. "Role of Crop Load in Chloroplast Ultra-structure and Zonal Chlorosis, a Physiological Disorder in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple Trees." HortScience 43, no. 6 (2008): 1819–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.6.1819.

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‘Honeycrisp’ is a relatively new apple cultivar (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) with a unique crisp fruit texture that makes it highly desirable. However, the leaves often develop a zonal chlorosis that resembles potato leafhopper damage. Other researchers have determined that the symptoms correlate with decreasing crop load rather than leafhopper damage. This study investigates the possibility that the zonal chlorosis is related to the buildup of starch grains causing rupture of chloroplasts. Transmission electron microscopy was used to document ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts in trees with

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26

Vizzari, Marco, Sara Antognelli, Mariano Pauselli, et al. "Potential Nitrogen Load from Crop-Livestock Systems." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 7, no. 3 (2016): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2016070102.

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The EU “Water” Directive establishes a common European framework for the environmental protection of inland, coastal and marine waters. One of the major environmental concerns about water quality is certainly the N loads from agro-livestock systems. In this study, carried out in Umbria region, Italy, a novel spatial database for a multi-scale and multi-level analysis was designed and implemented integrating different agricultural and livestock farming datasets related to agro-livestock system. This database allows the calculation of different descriptive indicators about agricultural and lives

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Stefanelli, D., T. Plozza, H. Flachowsky, and J. N. Wünsche. "Young apple tree responses to crop load." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1229 (December 2018): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1229.34.

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Embree, C. G., and D. S. Nichols. "Bio-regulators improve fruit size and c olour and reduce crop-load and annual bearing of Honeycrisp™ apples." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 2 (2005): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-059.

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Honeycrisp™ [Malus × domestica (L.) Borkh.] can be a very profitable cultivar if fruit quality is high. Some crop-load bio-regulators were evaluated for improving fruit quality and annual flowering. Ammonium thiosulphate applied at full bloom reduced crop-load, increased fruit weight, fruit colour and return bloom. Fruitone N® combined with Sevin XLR® reduced the percent of fruit in the 40–60% colour category and also crop-load. Fruitone N® alone reduced crop-load. Key words: Honeycrisp™, fruit thinning, crop-load, return bloom

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Neilsen, Denise, Gerry Neilsen, Sunghee Guak, and Tom Forge. "Consequences of Deficit Irrigation and Crop Load Reduction on Plant Water Relations, Yield, and Quality of ‘Ambrosia’ Apple." HortScience 51, no. 1 (2016): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.1.98.

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Uncertain water supplies resulting from changing climatic conditions in western North America led to this investigation of the role of crop load reduction in maintaining performance of high-density ‘Ambrosia’ apple (Malus ×domestica) on M.9 rootstock. A split-plot experimental design was imposed for three growing seasons (2007–09) with six replicates of four main plot irrigation treatments and three crop load subplots comprised of three trees. Four season-long irrigation (Irr) treatments were applied through 2 × 4 L·h−1 drip emitters per tree and included Irr1) control [100% evapotranspiration

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Luby, J. J., and C. E. Finn. "Inheritance of Ripening Uniformity and Relationship to Crop Load in Blueberry Progenies." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 1 (1987): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.1.167.

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Abstract The intervals, in days, between 10%, 50%, and 90% ripened fruit, as well as crop load, were estimated over 2 years in progenies from a partial diallel cross among 17 blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., V. angustifolium Ait., and V. corymbosum × V. angustifolium hybrids) parents. General combining ability (GCA) mean squares were highly significant for all ripening intervals and for crop load, while specific combining ability mean squares were nonsignificant, indicating a large proportion of additive genetic variance. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were about 0.50 for the three rip

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Reginato, Gabino, Terence Robinson, and Victor Garcia de Cortazar. "Predicted Crop Value for a Cling Peach and Three Nectarines of Different Harvest Seasons as a Function of Crop Load." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 995C—995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.995c.

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Several field experiments to assess the effect of tree size and crop load on fruit size and yield were conducted in a `Ross' cling peach orchard and in three nectarine orchards of different harvest seasons in Chile. Trees were randomly selected in each orchard and then hand-thinned at the beginning of pit hardening to a wide range of crop loads. The fraction of above-canopy photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the canopy (PARi) was determined at harvest and all fruits were counted, weighted, and average fruit weight calculated. Cropload and yield were expressed in terms of fracti

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Hummell, Ann K., and David C. Ferree. "Influence of Crop Load and Cluster Microclimate on Yield and Fruit Quality in `Seyval Blanc'." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 575a—575. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.575a.

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A 2-year field study was initiated in 1994 to examine the interactions between crop load and cluster exposure and their influences on the yield and fruit quality of mature, own-rooted `Seyval blanc' grapevines. Light, moderate, and heavy crop loads were established near bloom by cluster-thinning vines planted at 2.6 × 3.0-m spacing to around 20, 40, and 80 clusters per vine, respectively. At veraison, three clusters per vine were given one of three natural shaded treatments: fully exposed, partially shaded, and densely shaded. Vines with the heavy crop load produced higher yields per vine and

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Neilsen, Gerry H., Denise Neilsen, Sung-hee Guak, and Tom Forge. "The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Crop Load on Leaf and Fruit Nutrition of Fertigated ‘Ambrosia’/‘M.9’ Apple." HortScience 50, no. 9 (2015): 1387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.9.1387.

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Mature, fruiting ‘Ambrosia’/‘M.9’ apple [Malus ×sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] trees were subjected over three growing seasons to a split-plot experimental design involving four irrigation main plot treatments and three subplot crop load treatments with six replicates. This semiarid production region is traditionally irrigated 01 May to 01 Oct. during which time an average of ≈ 15 cm of precipitation occurs. Irrigation treatments were applied through 2 × 4 L⋅h−1 emitters per tree and included I1: daily application of 100% evapotranspiration (ET); or I2: 50% daily ET; or

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34

Bound, Sally A. "Managing Crop Load in European Pear (Pyrus communis L.)—A Review." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070637.

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Abstract (sommario):

Reducing levels of fruit set is often desirable in many European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars. With a negative linear relationship between crop load and fruit size, crop load management early in the season minimises wastage of tree carbohydrate resources and provides maximum benefits in terms of fruit size and quality. There are several tools available for managing crop load including hand thinning, chemical thinning, photosynthetic inhibition through shading or application of chemicals, mechanical thinning and pruning. While hand thinning is the most accurate method of reducing excessiv

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35

Stanley, C. J., and D. S. Tustin. "683 Contributions of Early Season Environment and Crop Load to Apple Fruit Development." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 516D—516. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.516d.

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Abstract (sommario):

Many factors contribute to final apple fruit size. Researchers have studied these factors and have developed models, some very complex. Results from many New Zealand regions over several years suggest that early season temperature along with crop load are the key factors driving final fruit size. Accumulated growing degree days from full bloom to 50 days after full bloom (DAFB), accounted for 90% of the variance in fruit weight of `Royal Gala' apples at 50 DAFB under nonlimiting low-crop-load conditions. In turn, fruit weight at 50 DAFB accounted for 90% of the variance in final fruit size at

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36

Schechter, Ido, J. T. A. Proctor, and D. C. Elfving. "THE EFFECT OF CROP LOAD ON FRUIT DRY WEIGHT AND DRY WEIGHT CONTENT, SPECIFIC LEAF WEIGHT, AND LEAF CARBON EXCHANGE." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 625c—625. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.625c.

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Abstract (sommario):

Mature apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) were studied in the 1989 and 1990 seasons to explore the effect of differential crop load on fruit dry weight (DW), DW content, specific leaf weight, and leaf carbon exchange, using girdled and non-girdled limbs. Fruit DW and DW content decreased with heavier fruit loads, however, fruit on girdled limbs had higher fruit DW and DW content. Specific leaf weight did not differ in leaves on non-girdled limbs along the crop load gradient, but increased dramatically in leaves on girdled limbs with crop load lighter than one fruit per cm2 cross-sectional ar

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37

DELIĆ, Mersija, Fikreta BEHMEN, Saša MATIJAŠEVIĆ, Šaćira MANDAL, Saud HAMIDOVIĆ, and Senad MURTIĆ. "Influence of crop load on the yield and grape quality of Merlot and Vranac (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties in Trebinje vineyard." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 117, no. 4 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.4.1601.

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Abstract (sommario):

<p class="042abstractstekst">The aim of this study was to study the impact of crop load on the yield and grape quality of ‘Merlot’ and ‘Vranac’ (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.) in Trebinje vineyard. The crop load levels studied in this trial were 9 buds (V1) and 12 buds (V2) per vine at each variety trained on Lenz-Moser bilateral cordon system. The impact was determined by measurements of yield per vine and grape quality characterized by the contents of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolics, total flavonoids and by total antioxidant capacity. The measured par

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38

Francesconi, A. H. D., C. B. Watkins, A. N. Lakso, J. P. Nyrop, J. Barnard, and S. S. Denning. "Interactions of European Red Mite and Crop Load on Maturity and Quality, Mineral Concentrations, and Economic Value of `Starkrimson Delicious' Apples." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 5 (1996): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.5.967.

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Abstract (sommario):

Fruit maturity, quality, calcium concentration and economic value of `Starkrimson Delicious' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apples, under a range of crop levels and European red mite [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] cumulative mite-days (CMD), were best explained by local surface regression models involving CMD and crop load. Fruit from trees with low CMD and a light crop (125 fruit/tree, about 20 t/ha) were the most mature at harvest. Those fruit had higher ethylene concentrations, starch pattern indices, soluble solids concentrations, and watercore incidence at harvest than fruit from trees with low CMD a

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39

Mao, Chunlan, Ningning Zhai, Jingchao Yang, et al. "Environmental Kuznets Curve Analysis of the Economic Development and Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Districts in China." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/267968.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study applies the environmental Kuznets curve to test the relationship between the regional economic growth and the different types of agricultural nonpoint source pollution loads in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area by using the Johnes export coefficient method. Results show that the pollution load generated by crop cultivation and livestock-breeding industries in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area shows an inverted U-shaped feature; however, this feature is absent in living-sewage pollution load. Crop pollution has shown a decreasing trend since 1997 because of the increase

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40

Mattii, G. B., and F. Ferrini. "THE EFFECTS OF CROP LOAD ON ´SANGIOVESE´ GRAPEVINES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 689 (August 2005): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.689.27.

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41

Bound, Sally A. "Crop Load Management in Nashi Pear—A Review." Horticulturae 8, no. 10 (2022): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100923.

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Abstract (sommario):

Most nashi cultivars require heavy thinning, and this has traditionally been performed by the time and labour-intensive practice of hand thinning. Crop load management is a key cost driver for nashi production, but there are limited cost-effective options available for nashi growers compared to other pome fruit, especially apples and, to a lesser extent, European pears. There is, however, potential to adapt some of the thinning tools and techniques used in apples and European pears to reduce the labour requirements and high cost of thinning in nashi, thus improving industry profitability. Seve

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42

Robinson, T. L., P. Francescatto, and J. Lordan. "Advances in precision crop load management of apple." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1314 (June 2021): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2021.1314.18.

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43

Murri, G., F. Massetani, and D. Neri. "CROP LOAD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF 'FORTUNE' PLUM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 985 (April 2013): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.985.27.

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44

Whiting, Matthew D., and David Ophardt. "Comparing Novel Sweet Cherry Crop Load Management Strategies." HortScience 40, no. 5 (2005): 1271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1271.

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Abstract (sommario):

The development of novel crop load management techniques will be critical to the adoption and success of high density sweet cherry orchard systems based on new clonal rootstocks. Herein we report on a comparison of potential means of balancing crop load of `Bing' sweet cherry grown on the productive and precocious rootstocks `Gisela 5' and `Gisela 6'. In 2002, thinning treatments were applied to entire trees and consisted of an unthinned control (C), and manual removal of 50% of the blossoms (B) or 50% of 2-year-old and older fruiting spurs (S), throughout the tree. In 2003 all trees were left

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45

Cuevas, J., L. Rallo, and H. F. Rapoport. "Crop load effects on floral quality in olive." Scientia Horticulturae 59, no. 2 (1994): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(94)90079-5.

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46

Robinson, T. L., L. Gonzalez, L. Cheng, et al. "Studies in precision crop load management of apple." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1366 (April 2023): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2023.1366.25.

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47

SHARMA, Shivani, Pramod VERMA, and Naveen C. SHARMA. "Crop load management in high density apple plantation." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 21, no. 4 (2023): e0905. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2023214-20505.

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Abstract (sommario):

Aim of study: To optimize the best thinning method and elucidate its effect on fruit size, quality, yield and return bloom in apple under high density plantation in sub-temperate zone of India. Area of study: Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. Material and methods: The experiment consisted of 30 combinations of 10 thinning (chemical and manual) treatments (T1: 10 mg L-1 NAA; T2: 20 mg L-1 NAA; T3: 100 mg L-1 BA; T4: 200 mg L-1 BA; T5: 100 mg L-1 Metamitron; T6: 200 mg L-1 Metamitron; T7: crop load of 4 fruits cm

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48

Lakatos, T. "CROP LOAD AS A MODIFYING FACTOR IN CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION MODEL FOR IRRIGATION SCHEDULING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 618 (November 2003): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.618.44.

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49

Bates, T. R. "Mechanical crop control in New York ‘Concord’ vineyards target desirable crop load levels." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1177 (November 2017): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1177.37.

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50

Schmidt, Tory, Don C. Elfving, James R. McFerson, and Matthew D. Whiting. "Crop Load Overwhelms Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Ethephon on Floral Initiation in Apple." HortScience 44, no. 7 (2009): 1900–1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.7.1900.

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Abstract (sommario):

Potential strategies against biennial bearing in apple [Malus × sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] include promotion of return bloom with an “on”-year application of ethephon or inhibition of return bloom with an “off”-year application of gibberellic acid (GA), but the influence of initial crop load on the efficacy of these bioregulators is poorly understood. In 2004 and 2005, six total trials were initiated in which whole trees were manually adjusted shortly before anthesis to one of three levels of crop load (100%, 50%, 0%) in ‘Cameo’, ‘Honeycrisp’, and ‘Fuji’; GA4 + 7 was

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