Tesi: "Culture des rues"

1

Lepoutre, David. "Paroles d'honneur : la culture des rues dans un grand ensemble de la banlieue parisienne". Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0075.

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En rupture avec la problematique du desordre et du vide social dans les banlieues, cette these propose une approche resolument ethnologique, c'est-a-dire culturelle des rapports sociaux adolescents dans les grands ensembles. Cela permet, d'une part, de mettre en lumiere des comportements et des pratiques originales et, d'autre part, de saisir la logique et la coherence symbolique du systeme des relations sociales. Apres avoir tente de montrer la specificite des cadres de sociabilite adolescente dans le contexte spatial, social et ethnique des grands ensembles, on s'est d'abord attache a decrire et analyser les principaux aspects du "langage des rues", tant du point de vue de la langue proprement dite (argot, verlan, langage obscene, diction) que du point de vue des interactions sociales mises en oeuvre par la parole (joutes de vannes, insultes, ragots, mensonges, jurements). La dimension antagoniste et rituelle des echanges verbaux se retrouve ensuite dans les differentes formes d'echange de violence, qui constituent un deuxieme pan essentiel du systeme des relations adolescentes. Qu'elles soient conflictuelles et soumises au principe de vengeance, ou bien ludiques et sportives, les pratiques agonistiques exercent un effet structurant sur les groupes et occupent une place de choix dans l'imaginaire. Pour finir, l'analyse globale des interactions et des pratiques conduit a s'interroger sur le systeme des valeur de cette sous-culture. C'est ici l'honneur, toile de fond des conduites exemplaires, de la plupart des conflits et de competitions sportives et artistiques specifiques, qui semble rendre le mieux compte des enjeux sociaux essentiels dans le groupe adolescent
Breaking off the problematic of suburbs social desorganisation, this thesis proposes a real cultural approach of teenagers social relations in housing schemes. This kind of approach is supposed to allow, firstly, to bring to light original behaviours and practices and, secondly, to understand the logic and the symbolic coherence of social relation system. The specificity of young people sociability is first considered and studied in spatial, social and ethnic context of housing schemes. Then, the principal aspects of streets language are described and analysed on linguistic (slang, obscene language, diction features) and social (dozens, insults, gossip, lies, swearwords) bases. The antagonistic and ritual dimension of verbal exchanges is also present in violence exchanges, wich constitute a second and essentiel aspect of the social relations system of teenagers. Violence may be dependent on feuds and justified by revenge principle or integrated in plays and sports. In any way, it generally produces structuring effects on the groups and is also a major element of adolescent representation system. In fine, the global analysis of interactions and practices brings questions about this subculture system of values. In this case, honour seems to be the moving force of exemplary behaviours, most of feuds, and of certain sports or artistics competitions. Honour certainly sheds light best the essentiel social stakes in the group of adolescents

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2

Audoin-Martin, Alexandra. "Le développement du hip-hop, du skate board et d’autres pratiques de rue dans les départements ruraux : les engagements des amateurs : exemples dans le Cantal et l’Aveyron". Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083754.

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Cette thèse porte sur le développement du hip-hop, du skateboard et d'autres pratiques de glisse urbaine dans des départements ruraux. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement aux engagements (associatifs ou non) des amateurs de ces activités. Ce travail repose sur une situation d'observation participante de recherche-action dans deux départements, le Cantal et l'Aveyron. Il se propose de montrer que ces nouvelles pratiques sont observées jusque dans des espaces ruraux, témoignant de l'urbanisation de nos modes de vie. Hip-hop et glisse traversent les générations, transcendent les appartenances sociales et culturelles comme les disciplines (sport, art, culture). Ces pratiques illustrent la tendance actuelle à des formes libres et non instituées de loisirs. A la fois pratiques transgressives, libres et intégrées dans un système économique, elles sont traversées de contradictions. Malgré leur popularité, nos observations sur le terrain font état d'un manque de reconnaissance. Les amateurs défendent l'esprit du mouvement et veulent le développer. Parmi eux, beaucoup participent à des associations ou des collectifs. Les plus militants se démarquent par une attitude volontaire, dynamique et contestataire. Ils s'inscrivent dans des logiques stratégiques et utilitaires, associant des visées personnelles et collectives. Enfin, ils sont animés par la passion et leurs parcours associatifs sont influencés par la prégnance de l'affectif
This thesis deals with the development of hip-hop, skateboarding and other similar urban street activities in rural French departments, and more particularly with the involvement (both inside and outside clubs or associations) of the practisers of those activities. The study is based on a participatory observation and an active research in two departments, Cantal and Aveyron. It sets out to demonstrate that these new activities can be observed deep into the rural landscape, showing the urbanization of our way of living. Hip-hop and skateboarding transcend generations, social and cultural group identities the same way as other sporting, artistic or cultural activities. These practices illustrate the current tendency towards individual non-institutionalized leisure pursuits and are at the same time transgressive/free and integrated in an economic system, full of contradictions. They lack recognition (as our field researches show) despite their popularity. Wanting to develop those activities further, many practisers are involved in associations or groups. The most militating ones express a determined, dynamic and anti-establishment attitude. They adhere to a strategic and utilitarian logic, combining personal and collective aims. Finally, they are driven by a passion and their associative involvements are influenced by an affective force

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3

Zimmerman, Eric. "Playing with the rules: the games of culture". The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322499770.

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4

Cubbin, Ian James. "Tissue culture studies in selected medicinal plants". Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320538.

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5

Pulh, Mathilde. "La valorisation de l'expérience de consommation d'activités culturelles : le cas des festivals d'arts de la rue". Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOE005.

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6

Giliberto, Concetta. "Le iscrizioni runiche sullo sfundo della cultura frisone altomedievale /". Göppingen : Kümmerle, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38907982c.

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7

Teixeira, Pedro Luiz Wanderley. "www.tags.pixos@graffiti.com um rolê pelas ruas da cultura digital". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/781.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:19:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PEDRO.pdf: 1575259 bytes, checksum: dd85d138802259660db83681f67418cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24
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Rolê, in urban slang means to walk around, to go for a walk. Following this definition, this research walks through files posted by urban writers, in the great computer‟s world wide net. The technological advance allowed great changes in the way we communicate to each other. The spaces for human relationship have spread, and are also cyberspace and the rolê now can be digital. To comprehend this dive in the virtual, present in every generation of the XXI century, it is necessary to get to know the origins of the internet e also concepts which refer to the virtual space and the changes in communication towards the digital technological means. The approaches presented here depart from historicities, one about the tags/pixos/graffiti and, in parallel, about the great virtual net. in the arts field, before the internet, some artist developed a world wide connection of files exchange, through the post; highlighted here the Fluxus group, as one of the pioneers. Among innumerous files, pieces of art, photos and cards circulated, which provoked ruptures and a series of transformations in the art institutions and allowed a historical record. In this flow of postal, conceptual, art, the work of Cildo Meireles and Paulo Bruscky consolidated, in Brazil, an artistic production from autonomic spaces, and promoted alternatives circuits of information. Previous to the internet, this artists published their pieces with political and symbolic information and, even towards a military regime, it was possible the circulation of the information among the social environment, using the mass media channels and the traditional exchange systems. In the same way, the urban writers, autonomous, made the polyphonies circulate the digital using the great net as an information exchange channel, as a great advertising, activism and political protagonism tool
Rolê na gíria urbana quer dizer caminhar, dar uma volta. Seguindo esta definição, esta pesquisa caminha por arquivos postados pelos escritores urbanos, nas vias da grande rede mundial de computadores. O avanço tecnológico permitiu grandes mudanças na maneira de nos comunicarmos. Os espaços de relacionamento humano se estenderam, e também são ciberespaço e o rolê agora pode ser também digital. Para compreender este mergulho no virtual, presente em toda a geração do século XXI, é necessário conhecer a origem da internet e também conceitos referentes ao espaço virtual e às mudanças na comunicação diante dos meios tecnológicos digitais. As abordagens aqui apresentadas partem de historicidades, uma sobre os tags/pixos/graffiti e, paralelamente, sobre a grande rede virtual. No campo das artes, anteriores a internet, alguns artistas desenvolveram uma conexão mundial de troca de arquivos, por meio do correio; destaca-se aqui o grupo Fluxus como um dos pioneiros. Dentre os inúmeros arquivos, circulavam obras de artes, fotografias e cartões, que provocaram rupturas e devires nas instituições das artes e possibilitaram um registro histórico. Nesse fluxo da arte postal, conceitual, o trabalho de Cildo Meireles e Paulo Bruscky consolidou, no Brasil, uma produção artística a partir de espaços autônomos, e promoveu circuitos alternativos de informação. Precursores à internet, esses artistas publicaram suas obras com informações de caráter político e simbólico e, mesmo diante de um regime militar, foi possível a circulação da informação pelo meio social, usando os próprios canais de mass media e os sistemas tradicionais de troca. Da mesma forma os escritores urbanos, autônomos, fizeram circular suas polifonias pelo digital usando a grande rede como um canal de troca de informação, como uma grande ferramenta publicitária, ativismo e protagonização política

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8

Vormann, Thorsten. "Cultural sovereignty and broadcasting - Canadian content rules". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60632.

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Abstract Not Available.
... current Canadian content regulation can hardly be seen as a success. Therefore, l will examine the existing policy with its basic assumptions and consequences. After illustrating the shortcomings of the present regulatory regime, l will provide a survey of various proposed alternatives. Finally, l will introduce my own proposal and address the different objectives of broadcasting policy in a more comprehensive and cohesive way.

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9

Gontijo, Mariana Fernandes. "O direito das ruas: as culturas do graffiti e do hip hop como constituintes do patrimônio cultural brasileiro". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8XTPMV.

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Le but de cette recherche a été de vérifier, à travers une expérience anthropologique sur le terrain, dans quelle mesure les contenus et les pratiques artistiques et culturelles du graffiti, ainsi que du hip hop, créent une participation effective de leurs auteurs au débat sur le traitement donné au graffiti dans nos règles juridiques et sont une expression de notre culture et non un crime environnemental contre lordre urbain et le patrimoine culturel. On suppose, à partir de la conception de « pratiques esthétiques » formulées par Jacques Rancière, que les pratiques du graffiti et du hip hop dans les villes ont un caractère politique et identitaire, capables dengendrer cette participation de leur culture au débat sur le traitement juridique donné au graffiti par le droit formel. Au moyen du droit de la rue, basé sur le pluralisme juridique, on vérifie linscription de lindividu dans la ville, dans un sens politique, ce qui se produit justement par la création de ses cultures, envisagées séparemment dans ce travail, comme la culture du graffiti et du hip hop - des groupes culturellement différents, dans un sens anthropologique. Lart est ce qui inscrit cet individu dans la vie commune, dans la ville, quil soit autorisé ou non par lEtat. Cest à partir des modes de vie artistiques des graffiteurs et des auteurs du hip hop que lon peut démontrer que le graffiti est une culture, cest-à-dire, un patrimoine culturel brésilien qui doit être protégé par le droit et donc décriminalisé.
A presente investigação buscou verificar, por meio da experiência de campo antropológica, em que medida os conteúdos e práticas artísticos e culturais do graffiti, bem como do hip hop, geram efetiva participação de seus autores no debate acerca do tratamento dado ao grafite em nosso ordenamento jurídico e demonstram ser ele expressão de nossa cultura, e não crime ambiental contra o ordenamento urbano e o patrimônio cultural. Pressupõe-se, a partir da concepção de práticas estéticas formulada por Jacques Rancière, que as práticas do graffiti e do hip hop na cidade têm caráter político e identitário, aptos a gerar a referida participação de suas culturas no debate acerca do tratamento jurídico dado ao grafite pelo direito formal. Por meio de um direito das ruas, que toma como base o pluralismo jurídico, verifica-se a inscrição do indivíduo na cidade, em sentido político, o que se dá justamente pela realização de suas culturas, tomadas, neste trabalho, separadamente, como as culturas do graffiti e do hip hop grupos culturalmente diferenciados, em sentido antropológico. A arte é o que o inscreve esse indivíduo na vida comum, na cidade, esteja ele outorgado ou não pelo Estado, sendo a partir dos próprios modos de vida artísticos do graffiti e do hip hop que se demonstra ser o grafite cultura, isto é, patrimônio cultural brasileiro que deve ser protegido pelo direito e, dessa forma, descriminalizado.

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Shaw, Fiona E. "Nursing culture, communication rules and job satisfaction in geriatric long stay wards". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20179.

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An exploratory, descriptive questionnaire survey was conducted in wards providing continuing care for elderly people, to describe nursing staff perceptions of ward culture and its relation to job satisfaction. The study was designed to answer three principal research questions:1. To what extent are management practices in geriatric long stay wards perceived as participative (open) by nursing staff?2. Is the degree of ward openness positively associated with nursing staff levels of job satisfaction?3. Are perceptions of ward openness and levels of job satisfaction related to nursing staff grade? Study participants were recruited from 79 wards in two mainland health boards to provide a stratified random sample of 474 nursing staff, comprising first level nurses, second level nurses and nursing auxiliaries. The study was based on a communication rules approach to understanding organisational culture. Likert's (1961) description of a hypothetical 'participative group' management system, where there was free flow of information, participative decision-making and high job satisfaction levels was used to develop a 30-item 'Communication Rules' questionnaire to assess nursing staff perceptions of management 'openness' in geriatric long stay wards. Quinn and Staines' (1979) Facet Free Job Satisfaction Test was used to assess levels of job satisfaction among ward nursing staff and the relationships between staff grade, perceptions of openness and job satisfaction were explored. Ward members mean 'openness' and mean 'job satisfaction' scores were used to provide simple indices of 'ward openness' and 'ward satisfaction' in order to explore differences among wards. The majority of wards were perceived as open; the score differences between those wards with the highest and those with the lowest openness indices were statistically significant. A positive association was found between ward openness and staff job satisfaction. Further, ratings of openness and levels of job satisfaction correlated positively with respondents' reports in the frequency of 'good days', negatively with 'bad days'. Openness ratings and levels of job satisfaction were also associated with nursing staff grade. Through advances in organisation theory that include 'culture' concepts, the 'communication rules approach' provided new insights about nursing staff perceptions of ward openness and its relation to levels of job satisfaction. Further, in-depth research on the relationship between ward openness and nursing staff job satisfaction is recommended. The implications of the study for information sharing, decision-making, change management, education and nursing practice are considered. It is recommended that the findings should be used to guide future approaches to nursing management and skill development in the nursing care of elderly people in long stay wards.

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11

Dugrand, Camille. "Prendre la rue : politique de la citadinité vagabonde en Afrique : les Shégués de Kinshasa". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010334.

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S'appuyant sur des enquêtes de terrain conduites à Kinshasa, cette thèse s'intéresse aux parcours des Shégués, ces jeunes citadins qui empruntent un chemin « différent » dans les rues de la mégapole congolaise. En « prenant » et en habitant la rue, en s'écartant des formes d'existence conventionnelles en famille et sous un toit, les acteurs se plongent dans une aventure citadine vagabonde porteuse de contraintes et d'alternatives. En contrepoint aux discours dominants qui les associent à des enfants des rues marginaux, isolés et inaudibles, ces Shégués apparaissent au contraire comme des figures incontournables de la citadinité kinoise. Assujettis à un mode d’existence semé de contraintes et d’incertitudes, ces jeunes citadins se retrouvent autour de nouvelles formes de sociabilité synonymes de soutien et de violence autant d’opportunités alternatives d’exister et de se distinguer, voire d’émerger comme des individus reconnus et renommés. Les Shégués édifient une culture de rues qui leur permet de nouer des interactions composites avec l’ensemble des usagers de la ville, au point de s’insérer dans les réseaux de pouvoir citadin. Leur singularisation sociale et la stigmatisation qu’elle engendre s’accompagne d’une multitude de contraintes mais aussi d’occasions supplémentaires d’agir sur la ville, voire d’accéder à des formes de popularité et de prestige. Comment les Shégués agissent-ils sur leur ville ? Que nous disent-ils des perspectives d’accomplissement personnel s’offrant aux jeunes de Kinshasa d’aujourd’hui ? Quels sont les impacts politiques de la violence qu’ils exercent et qu’ils subissent ? Produisent-ils une culture contre-hégémonique ou viennent-ils au contraire renforcer un ordre politique violent et clientéliste ? Quelles frontières distinguent ces jeunes acteurs des autres citadins ? Forgent-ils une culture subversive et contestataire ? Les trajectoires des Shégués donnent à voir les ambivalences d’une sous-culture juvénile dépendante de son environnement immédiat pour survivre qui se réapproprie les codes établis par les dominants tout en défiant l’exclusion à laquelle ceux-ci les assignent. S’ils peuvent ainsi apparaître comme des figures renforçant l’ordre établi par « ceux d’en haut », ces acteurs forgent des styles de vie porteurs de subversion et de contestation dans une mégapole kinoise mobile et secrète de nouvelles normes et de nouvelles façons de vivre et de survivre. Les Shégués s’affirment en définitive comme des acteurs moteurs d’une dynamique citadine qui promeut sans relâche de nouvelles figures de légitimité et de prestige, tout en reformulant continûment de nouveaux imaginaires d’autres vies possibles. Ils expriment les visées critiques et politiques d’une vie vagabonde qui participe et influe sur les changements d’une citadinité kinoise s’appliquant à réinventer les voies qui lui permettraient de renverser le cours du destin en accédant enfin à une « autre vie »
Based on several field works in Kinshasa, the object of the thesis is the trajectories of « Shégués », these young city-dwellers who take a « different » path in the streets of the congolese megapolis. By « taking » the street and living in it they, diverge of conventional forms of existence under a roof in a family and throw themselves in a wandering urban adventure which generates both constraints and alternatives. In contrast to dominant discources that tend to represent them as marginal, isolated and inaudible « street children », it appears that Shégués are essential figures of the urban experience in Kinshasa. Subjected to a life full of constraint and uncertainty, they gather aroud new forms of sociability that can be seen as ways to support each other, forms of violence but also as alternative opportunities to « exist ». They can also constitute forms of distinction and even lead to the rise of famous and renowed people. The Shégués create a street culture that paves the way to heterogeneous interactions with other city dwellers and sometimes an incorporation of urban networks of power. Their social differenciation entails a process of stigmatization along a series of constraints. It also provides additional opportunities to have agency in the city and even reach some forms of popularity and prestige. How do they have agency on the city? What do they tell us on the youth’s perspectives of personal accomplishement in Kinshasa today? What are the political effects of the violence they both exert and endure? Do they produce a counter-hegemonic culture? Or do their actions tend to reinforce a violent political order? What are the social frontiers between these young actors and other city-dwellers? Do they shape a culture of subversion and protest? The trajectories of Shégués shed light on the ambivalence of a youth sub-culture, totally reliant on its local environment to urvive and that reclaim the codes established by the dominant sectors of society while challenging the exclusion they endure. While they can appear to reinforce the current « top-down » social order, the Shégués also shape new subversive and contentious life styles in a evolving megapolis, itself generating new norms and new ways of life and survival. In the end, the Shégués assert their role as actors of urban dynamic that keeps creating new figures of legitimacy and prestige while continuously reformulating new imagineries of alternative life possibilities. They express the critical and political ambition of their wandering life that contribute to « citadinity » in Kinshasa but also impact it. They do so by reinventing the ways to teverse their destiny and eventually gain acess to « another life »

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Nunes, Joana Isabel Bajuca. "Tapetes de arraiolos: oportunidades e desafios de divulgação". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26701.

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O presente Relatório de Estágio (RE) surge no âmbito da realização de um estágio curricular no CITA - Centro Interpretativo do Tapete de Arraiolos, sito no concelho de Arraiolos. A oportunidade da sua realização decorre da frequência da unidade curricular de Dissertação/Projeto/Estágio Profissional, integrada no 2.º ano do Mestrado em Turismo e Desenvolvimento de Destinos e Produtos (TDDP). Tendo por base a temática do Tapete de Arraiolos explorada no espaço museológico referido, o propósito central da realização do estágio curricular foi o envolvimento da aluna em atividades de aprendizagem, aplicação de conhecimentos e saberes em situações reais da dinâmica institucional associadas à concretização da missão do CITA, como complemento dos processos de ensino e da aprendizagem adquiridos no Mestrado de TDDP. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste RE é apresentar, de forma sucinta e organizada, o resultado da experiência profissional vivenciada no contexto das atividades de aprendizagem, aplicação de conhecimentos e saberes obtidos no CITA. É dado particular destaque ao desenvolvimento de uma proposta de projeto, a qual teve como principal intenção identificar oportunidades e desafios futuros que possam contribuir para a divulgação do Tapete de Arraiolos; ABSTRACT: The following report emerges out of the completion of a curricular internship at CITA – Centro Interpretativo do Tapete de Arraiolos, located in Arraiolos. This opportunity arose out of the curricular unit for a professional Internship integrated in the master’s degree in Turismo e Desenvolvimento de Destinos e Produtos (TDDP). Based on the thematic explored on CITA being Arraiolos Rugs, the main goal of this internship was to emerge the student in learning activities by applying the knowledge acquired on the master’s degree of TDDP in real situations depending of the institutional dynamic. That said the main focus of this report is to bring forward clearly and in an organized way the outcome of the professional experience lived during the learning activities as well as the knowledge acquired in CITA. There is also given a high value to the development of a project proposition which aims to identify future challenges and opportunities in the promotion of the Arraiolos Rugs.

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Loza, Mendoza Leyla Gladys, e Perleche Elizabeth Andrea Villegas. "La cultura tributaria y su influencia en la determinación de las obligaciones tributarias de los comerciantes del Nuevo RUS y RER en el Mercado Cooperativa Santa Rosa de Chorrillos en Lima en el 2018". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652522.

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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad el evaluar la influencia de la cultura tributaria en la determinación de las obligaciones tributarias de los comerciantes del Nuevo RUS y el RER en el Mercado Cooperativa Santa Rosa en Chorrillos en el 2018. Actualmente, la Administración Tributaria entiende que la lucha contra la evasión tributaria es vital, y consideramos que la cultura tributaria es una variable esencial que permite a los contribuyentes ser conscientes de que las obligaciones tributarias son un deber sustantivo que todo ciudadano debe cumplir. Por lo tanto, se analizó la variable de cultura tributaria mediante la segmentación en tres dimensiones: complejidad de procesos tributarios, nivel de educación y bancarización, ya que consideramos que estas tres variables son parte de la cultura tributaria y contribuyen al conocimiento tributario del contribuyente y la forma de aplicación de procedimientos. Por lo tanto, para evaluar su influencia en la determinación de las obligaciones tributarias se tomó una muestra de 41 comerciantes del rubro de mercería, ya que este rubro tiene un mayor número de establecimientos de venta del mercado estudiado. El diseño de la investigación realizada es de enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo y los resultados finales indican que existe influencia de la cultura tributaria en la determinación de obligaciones tributarias en los comerciantes del Mercado Cooperativa Santa Rosa en el 2018. En base a los resultados obtenidos se han propuesto algunas recomendaciones con el fin de contribuir a la mejora de la cultura tributaria en el contribuyente.
The purpose of this research work is to evaluate the influence of the tax culture in determining the tax obligations of the merchants of the Nuevo RUS and the RER in Mercado Cooperativa Santa Rosa from Chorrillos in 2018. Currently, the Tax Administration understands that the fight against tax evasion is vital, and we consider that tax culture is an essential variable that allows taxpayers to be aware that tax obligations are a substantive duty that every citizen must fulfill. Therefore, the variable of tax culture was analyzed by segmentation into three dimensions: complexity of tax processes, level of education and banking, since we consider that these three variables are part of the tax culture and contribute to the tax knowledge of the taxpayer and how to apply procedures. Therefore, to assess its influence on the determination of tax obligations, a sample was taken of 41 merchants from the haberdashery item, since this item has a greater number of sales establishments in the studied market. The design of the research carried out is a qualitative and quantitative approach and the results indicate that there is an influence of the tax culture in determining tax obligations in the merchants of Mercado Cooperativa Santa Rosa in 2018. Based on the results obtained, proposed some recommendations to contribute to the improvement of the tax culture in the taxpayer.
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Plantin, Corinne. "Les cultures urbaines d'origine états-unienne dans l'agglomération de Fort-De-France : exemples du body system, du hip-hop et de la glisse urbaine". Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0159.

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Dans le contexte de globalisation, le hip-hop, le body system et la glisse urbaine se sont épanouis dans le monde entier. Ces cultures urbaines sportives et artistiques d'origine états-unienne ont transformé les paysages et les organisations spatiales de multiples entités urbaines. A travers ces phénomènes transparaît le renforcement de la mondialisation, de la capitalisation, de l'urbanité, de l'occidentalisation et de la domination planétaire des États-Unis. La problématique de ce travail de recherche repose sur le développement de ces cultures aux États-Unis, mais également sur leur diffusion et leurs territoires dans l'agglomération de Fort-de-France. Plusieurs méthodes de la géographie et d'autres domaines scientifiques ont été utilisées pour élaborer cette thèse qui présente un caractère multidisciplinaire. Cette investigation permet de mesurer les impacts et les limites de l'américanisation culturelle dans un espace insulaire caribéen davantage orienté vers l'Europe
Ln the context of the globalization, the hip-hop, body system and city skating cultures have developed ail over the world. These sports and artistic urban cultures born in the United States of America transformed the landscapes and the spatial organization of many urban areas. Through these phenomena, we can detect the growth of globalisation, capitalisation, urbanity, westernisation and the world-wide domination of the United-States. The issue underlying this research is based on the development of these cultures in the United States of America, but also on their spread and their territories in Fort-de-France and its suburbs. Several methods of contemporary geography and others scientific fields have been used to develop this thesis, which is a multidisciplinary. This investigation shows the impact and limit of a cultural americanisation on a Caribbean island more turned towards Europe

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Santos, Flavio Aniceto dos. "Palhaços: poética e política nas ruas: direito à cultura e à cidade". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11811.

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This research focuses on the state of cultural performances in public forums in the city of Rio de Janeiro, referred to as Public Art, after the effects of the Street Artist Law from June 2012, which guarantees the free use of urban spaces for these artistic performers and officially recognizes them. Taking that into perspective, we propose a reflection on the possible contradictions between the cultural mediation we believe to be intrinsic to these movements and the institutionalization that comes from this law. The study of said mediation also intends to point out other forms of social integration found in the planning of cultural policies. The investigation's primary target was the professional clowns who perform in the streets, squares, parks, communities and other public forums in the city.
O presente trabalho analisou ações culturais em logradouros públicos do município do Rio de Janeiro, atualmente chamadas de Arte Pública, no contexto posterior a promulgação em junho de 2012 da Lei do Artista de Rua, que garante o uso livre do espaço urbano para as apresentações artísticas destes grupos e artistas e reconhece oficialmente estas manifestações. A partir deste quadro a pesquisa se propõe a refletir sobre as possíveis contradições entre a mediação cultural que acreditamos ser inerente a este segmento e a institucionalização decorrente desta lei. O estudo da mediação visou ainda pensar em outras formas de participação social no planejamento das políticas culturais. A investigação foi feita prioritariamente com palhaços profissionais que atuem nas ruas, praças, comunidades e outras áreas públicas do município.

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Sarrimanolis, Birgit Lennertz. "Rules for reading : a cross-cultural understanding of art interpretation /". The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487947501134145.

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O'Brien, David Thomas. "'The rules of the game' : a comparative study of local cultural policy decision making for the European Capital of Culture in Liverpool and Newcastle-Gateshead, 2000-2006". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533952.

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It is commonplace for cities across the world to use aspects of culture as part of their strategies for development and as a response to economic restructuring in light of the increasing interconnectedness of the global economy. This use of cultural policy takes place against the backdrop of the move to an economy based on consumption of commodities, rather than their production. The policies take several forms, including the use of megaevents (Roche 2000), the construction of iconic buildings, and the rebranding of places based on aspects of their culture. The use of cultural policy at local level is therefore a crucially important aspect of the political economy of the modem city. Several authors (Mooney 2004, Garcia 2004, Wilks-Heeg and Jones 2004, Miles 2005, Paddison 1993, Evans and Shaw 2004, Evans 2005, McGuigan 2004) are concerned with looking at the impacts of cultural policy, or government policy that employs a rhetorical element of culture. However the process of decision making around cultural policy seems to be an uncritically accepted consensus in academic literature. Moreover academic research on cultural policy tends to centre on what forms cultural policy takes (McGuigan 2004, Hewison 1995, Quinn 1998) or on the impacts of cultural policy (Garcia 2004, Evans 2001, Bianchini and Parkinson 1993, Landry 2004). Current research, therefore, often lacks an exploration of how the policy process operates in different places, and at different levels of government. Academic literature often adopts a 'one size fits all' approach that sees cultural policy as continuous across many different places and levels of government (McGuigan 2004, Garcia 2004). This form of academic research into cultural policy also lacks a sustained engagement with what analysts of policy would understand as the policy process (Rhodes 2003).Where this type of policy analysis does exist (e.g. Quilley 1999,2000, Cochrane et a11996) it is specific to geographical areas, and thus raises questions concerning the comparisons of cultural policy in different sites. In order to supplement existing research into cultural policy with an analysis of local decision making the thesis undertakes a comparison between Liverpool and NewcastleGateshead during the years 2001-2005, when the two areas were involved in bids for European Capital of Culture status. The comparison between the two cities shows how local history, politics and culture all shape the governance of cultural policy, creating very different governing arrangements in the two areas. Using insights from political science and urban studies the thesis shows the extent to which cultural policy is enabled or constrained by local circumstances, offering insights that will be of interest to academics, policy-makers and the art and cultural sector.

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Lowe, Candice Marie. "When diaspora rules (dis)qualifying Creoles for a multicultural Mauritius /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3204313.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Anthropology, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0238. Advisers: Richard R. Wilk; Anya Peterson-Royce. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 20, 2007)."

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Ferreira, Tatiane Almeida. "O imagin?rio m?stico e cultural da cidade da Bahia : uma leitura de Bahia de Todos os Santos: guia de ruas e mist?rios, de Jorge Amado". Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/237.

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This work aims at analyzing the dialogic relationship between literature and its illustration in order to show the creation of imaginary formed on the black ? mixed people, the traditions, the mystique surrounding the "City of Bahia " with its syncretism religious, faith and popular festivals. This discursive intersection gives rise to other forms of reading, interpreting, serving for the understanding of the unique aspects about the varied universe mythical- religious and cultural place. We take as an example the illustrated edition of Bahia de Todos os Santos: street guides and mysteries, Jorge Amado, 1977 edition, featuring the designs of Carlos Bastos. The approach is interdisciplinary because the intent of the writer was to build an artistic, historical- cultural and human panel of Bahian metropolis, so many sources of knowledge, artistic forms were used in order to understand an imaginary, gestated in reality and invention. The city is widely known as the writer proposes to show it to an imaginary tourist, that it may come to know it in its concreteness. For these reasons, the text seems to set up a tour guide, however its operatic quality, interspersed with the mystery, let?s find its fictional quality. Moreover, the work is a cultural-historical testimony, to discuss issues of the past and who are pressing for the decade in which the guide has been updated since the city of Salvador urbanized throughout the twentieth century and grew up with her problems social and economic character.
Este trabalho tem como proposta analisar a rela??o dial?gica entre a literatura e sua ilustra??o, a fim de evidenciar a cria??o do imagin?rio formado acerca do povo negro-mesti?o, das tradi??es, da m?stica que envolve a ?Cidade da Bahia?, com o seu sincretismo religioso, f? e festas populares. Esse cruzamento discursivo d? origem a outras formas de leitura, interpreta??o, servindo para o entendimento de aspectos singulares acerca do variado universo m?tico-religioso e cultural do lugar. Tomamos como exemplo a edi??o ilustrada de Bahia de Todos os Santos: guia de ruas e mist?rios, de Jorge Amado, edi??o de 1977, que conta com os desenhos de Carlos Bastos. A abordagem ? interdisciplinar porque a inten??o do escritor era construir um painel art?stico, hist?rico-cultural e humano da urbe baiana, por isso foram utilizadas diversas fontes de conhecimento, de linguagens art?sticas, a fim de compreender um imagin?rio, gestado na realidade e na inven??o. A cidade ? amplamente divulgada quando o escritor se prop?e a mostr?-la para uma turista imagin?ria, para que ela venha a conhec?-la em sua concretude. Por tais aspectos, o texto parece configurar um guia tur?stico, contudo, a sua caracter?stica l?rica, entremeada ao mist?rio, permite constatar a sua qualidade ficcional. Al?m disso, a obra ? um testemunho hist?rico-cultural, por discutir quest?es do passado e das que s?o prementes para a d?cada em que o guia foi atualizado, visto que a cidade do Salvador se urbanizou ao longo do s?culo XX e com ela cresceram problemas de car?ter social e econ?mico.

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Barragan, Alvarez Blanca Lilia. "“Mulheres mexicanas nas ruas de Nova Iorque : a culinária ambulante : preservação da cultura ou estrategia de sobrevivencia?”". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/182788.

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Nesta tese apresento um estudo que parte de um trabalho de campo realizado na Cidade de Nova Iorque em 2016 e 2017. A etnografia se refere a um grupo de mulheres mexicanas vendedoras de comida típica na rua, localizadas principalmente na Roosevelt Avenue, no bairro Jackson Heights, Queens, provenientes na sua grande maioria de pequenas cidades no estado mexicano de Puebla. A migração destas mulheres adquire um papel relevante, pelos fenômenos culturais, sociais e de identidade que gera. Este grupo representa o exemplo de uma sociedade indígena camponesa, que através da sua história tem mantido uma forte tradição cultural, sendo grupos étnicos reconhecidos, com uma forte tradição religiosa, linguística, musical, social, festiva e familiar e que se encontram com a necessidade de emigrar na procura de uma vida melhor. As características assinaladas neste trabalho e as estratégias socioculturais, comunitárias e familiares, construídas pelas imigrantes, são encaminhadas principalmente para conhecer grupos particulares de indivíduos que vão mudando determinados comportamentos no seu processo de adaptação na nova comunidade transnacional. Procuramos entender também a readequação destas mulheres que constroem famílias, gerando novas identidades e novas redes sócio-familiares e que ao mesmo tempo, modificam as relações tradicionais sociais e familiares, em seu entorno migratório assim como com a família e a comunidade que deixaram atrás. Examinaremos, a partir da revisão de teorias e conceptos, em que ponto está posicionado o papel da mulher e da família nesse processo migratório. Ao mesmo tempo, colocaremos as diversas identidades que surgem na trajetória migratória: ser mulher, ser indígena, ser migrante, ser hispana, ser indocumentada, com todas as suas possibilidades, complexidades e limitações, quando enfrentam uma nova sociedade com valores sociais e culturais diferentes.
In this thesis I present a study whose foundation was a field work carried out in New York City in 2016 and 2017. The ethnography refers to a group of Mexican women selling their typical food on the street, mainly located on Roosevelt Avenue, in Jackson Heights neighborhood, Queens, mostly arrived from small towns in the state of Puebla, México. The migration of these women acquires a relevant role, due to the cultural, social and identity phenomena it demonstrates and generates. This group represents an example of an indigenous peasant society, which through its history has maintained a strong cultural tradition, being recognized as one of several ethnic groups with a strong religious, linguistic, musical, social, festive, culinary and family traditions that needed to emigrate in search of a better life. The characteristics pointed out in this study and the sociocultural, community and family strategies built by the immigrants, are directed mainly to know how particular groups of individuals change certain behaviors in their process of adaptation in a new transnational community. We also try to understand the readjustment of these women who build families, generating new identities and new family and social networks that at the same time modify the traditional social and family relations in their migratory environment as well as with the family and the community that they left behind. We examine, through the revision of theories and concepts, the position and roles of women and the family in this female migratory process. At the same time, we analyze and debate the different identities that emerge in the migratory trajectory: being a woman, being indigenous, being a migrant, being Mexican Hispanic, being undocumented, with all its possibilities, complexities and limitations when they face a new society with different social and cultural values.

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Souza, Adriana França. "Tabuleiros e Negociações: negras e mestiças nas ruas de Salvador". Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/15674.

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Esta dissertação buscou entender os negócios e negociações, materiais e simbólicos, edificados por negras e mestiças, baianas de acarajé, conjugando os aspectos do trabalho na perspectiva dos processos de informalidade, além das relações de gênero e do espaço da rua, na atual cena de Salvador. O estudo teve como objeto de pesquisa as baianas de acarajé atuantes nas ruas da região aqui denominada de “Centro Antigo de Salvador”, que compreendeu os trechos do Comércio, Praça Municipal, Rua Chile, Pelourinho, Baixa dos Sapateiros, Barroquinha, Rua Carlos Gomes, Largo da Piedade e trechos das Avenidas Sete de Setembro e Joana Angélica. A articulação entre comércio de rua, comida e mulheres negras, pareceu desenhar através dos séculos, possibilidades para a conquista de um espaço feminino, com construções e reconstruções de papéis e identidades. Essas mulheres escreveram, a próprio punho, as linhas que narraram sua história, sabendo utilizar as brechas existentes nos sistemas econômico, político e social, para transformarem uma situação de exclusão e de pouco horizontes, em uma situação de afirmação e potencialidades. É importante ressaltar que tais articulações se realizaram nas ruas, nas praças, nos becos, nas ladeiras, com tabuleiros de quitutes, com tradição e com aptidão para negociar. Mais que uma ocupação informal, o trabalho como baiana de acarajé é permeado por injunções simbólicas e culturais de uma profissão histórica, que atravessou os séculos, existindo até os dias de hoje em Salvador, como uma alternativa para a conquista da sobrevivência material (geração de renda) e simbólica (autonomia).
This dissertation sought to understand the business and negotiations, material and symbolic, built by black and mestizo, baianas de acarajé, combining aspects of work in view of the processes of informality, gender relations and the space of the street, on the current scene of Salvador. The study had the object of active research baianas de acarajé the streets of the region here called " Old Town of Salvador ", which comprised excerpts of Comércio, Praça Municipal, Rua Chile, Pelourinho, Baixa dos Sapateiros, Barroquinha, Rua Carlos Gomes, Largo da Piedade and excerpts from Sete de Setembro and Joana Angelica Avenues. The link between high street retail, food and black women, seemed to draw through the centuries, opportunities for the achievement of a feminine space, with buildings and reconstructions of roles and identities. These women wrote in own handwriting, lines that narrate his story, knowing use existing gaps in the economic, political and social systems, to transform a situation of exclusion and some horizons, in a situation of affirmation and potential. Importantly, these joints were held in the streets, squares, alleys, on the slopes, with trays of delicacies with tradition and skill in negotiating. More of an informal occupation, work as baianas de acarajé is permeated by symbolic and cultural injunctions of a historical profession that spanned the centuries, existing until the present day in Salvador, as an alternative to the conquest of material survival (generation income) and symbolic (autonomy).

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Nascimento, Mayk Andreele do. "O mundo do rap: entre as ruas e os holofotes da indústria cultural". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9729.

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This study aims to give an overview of the current scenario of the Brazilian rap. From the beginning of the XXI century a significant change in the Brazilian “ rap world”. Increased visibility in the entertainment industry as well as the incorporation of rap to a market logic sets new boundaries in this musical style generally associated with ghettos of large cities.This work aims to reflect two fundamental aspects of the world of Brazilian rap. Seeks to analyze the look that rappers dropped on the city and investigate how the sound emanating from the streets falls in the entertainment industry.The trajectory and the songs of rappers Criolo, Shawlin, Emicida and Marechal will be analyzed. His works help to thematize important changes in the rap music scene. The study of music was developed to understand the meanings attributed to the urban experience and the major dilemmas faced by artists in the current Brazilian cultural scene.The relationship of rap with the media presents as a space of constant negotiation. The national rap presents itself as a space laden with contradictions, especially from the moment they begin to share and reproduce the structures of the cultural industry. When the street culture of commodification shall be subject she enters in the dominant ideology circuits. With that contributes a universe of representations based on pictures fame, power and money. However, we must remember that rap is allowed to bring out elements of a discourse that is somewhat different from the standards established by the society of spectacle. On one hand, the entry in the cultural industry tends to give the rap traces of the goods produced in series, subordinating the language of standardized patterns targeting only the profit, on the other hand one can not forget in this worldview resistance that emerges the songs of rappers.
O presente trabalho traça um panorama do cenário atual do rap brasileiro. A partir do início do século XXI ocorre uma mudança significativa no “mundo do rap” brasileiro. A maior visibilidade na indústria de entretenimento, assim como a incorporação do rapa uma lógica de mercado configura novos contornos a este estilo musical geralmente associado aos guetos das grandes metrópoles. Este trabalho pretende refletir dois aspectos fundamentais do mundo do rap brasileiro. Busca-se analisar o olhar que os rappers lançam sobre a cidade e investigar o modo como o som que emana das ruas se insere na indústria de entretenimento. Serão analisadas a trajetória e as canções dos rappers Criolo, Shawlin, Emicida e Marechal. Suas obras ajudam a tematizar mudanças importantes no cenário musical do rap na contemporaneidade.O estudo das músicas foi desenvolvido no intuito de compreender os sentidos atribuídos à experiência urbana e os principais dilemas enfrentados pelos artistas no atual cenário cultural brasileiro. O relacionamento do rap com a mídia se apresenta como um espaço de negociação constante. O rap nacional se apresenta como um espaço carregado de contradições, principalmente a partir do momento em que começa a fazer parte e reproduzir as estruturas da indústria cultural. Quando a cultura de rua passa a ser objeto de mercantilização ela entra nos circuitos da ideologia dominante. Com isso, contribui com um universo de representações baseados em imagens de fama, poder e dinheiro. No entanto, devemos lembrar que o rap tem permitido trazer à tona elementos de um discurso que representa diferenças em relação aos padrões estabelecidos pela sociedade do espetáculo. Se por um lado, a entrada na indústria cultural tende a conferir ao rap os traços da mercadoria produzida em série, subordinando a linguagem a padrões uniformizados visando apenas o lucro, por outro lado não se pode esquecer a resistência presente na visão de mundo que emerge das canções dos rappers.

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Gullekson, Nicole L. "Cultural Distance, Perception of Emotional Display Rules, and Their Influence on Sojourner Adjustment". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1186409258.

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Massot, Bastien. "Étude de la production de furanocoumarines linéaires par des cultures in vitro de Ruta graveolens L". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL013N.

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Ruta graveolens L. Présente à l'état naturel de fortes concentrations en furanocoumarines, sa culture en conditions in vitro à des fins de production a été envisagée. Les tiges feuillées cultivées en milieu liquide possèdent des niveaux de synthèse élevés (de l'ordre du milligramme de furanocoumarine totale par gramme de matière sèche). L'optimisation des conditions de culture ont permis d'améliorer significativement la production de furanocoumarines. Ce résultat est du à un effet biomasse, les niveaux de synthèse des molécules dans les tissus s'étant révélés peu inductibles contrairement à la croissance des tiges feuillées. La seconde étape du travail consistait à provoquer l'excrétion des molécules des tissus vers le milieu de culture. L'utilisation du Tween 20 a permis de récupérer une partie des molécules sans sacrifier la biomasse. Les étapes de croissance et de perméabilisation ont constitué les bases d'un "process" dont la faisabilité technique a été testée sur des enceintes de culture simplifiées et des bioréacteurs classiques. La productivité est encourageant (0,051 mg. G-1. J-l contre 0,008 mg. G-l. J-l pour les plantes cultivées en champ).

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Figueiredo, Angela Maria Rodrigues de, e 92-99165-1614. "Crianças e territorialidades : As brincadeiras nas ruas do bairro da União em Parintins/AM". Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2017. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/6204.

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The thesis presents the results of a study whose theme: "Children and territorialities: the games on the streets of the Union neighborhood in Parintins / Am". It aims to reflect on the games on the streets of the Union neighborhood with the perspective of understanding the processes of territoriality construction experienced in the freedom of street games. The street is generally regarded as dangerous and "evil factory", the thesis argues that it can also add a symbolic universe, built from the children who play, articulating the place with the cultural, subjective dimensions of the context. Seen as an invitation to idleness and delinquency, I am asserting that the street has particular forms of living the cultures of childhood, these experiences extend the social relations of children with their peers and strengthen the link between children and the city. During the course I tried to dialogue with different areas of knowledge, from an ethnographic point of view to perceive childhood from the children themselves, this put them in the condition of protagonists of their own history. To give visibility to their actions, which are almost always subjugated, as an unimportant thing, is at the same time to understand the ways in which they relate to space and how they construct their geo-graphies, as they face the challenge of geo-graphying their lives through the games, conforming new territories, new territorialities. (PORTO-GONÇALVES, 2001). In this come-and-go they fight with vehicles, compete with pedestrians and other groups of children to create a sense of belonging. The insertion of the researcher into the groups of students was what led me to undertake an approach based on the presuppositions of ethnography as a methodological condition that allow "look closely" and the phenomenological paradigm assumed as a way of interpreting the experiences lived by children. To that end, the interdisciplinary approach was necessary as a movement that allowed dialogue with Geography, Sociology, Philosophy and Anthropology through Corsaro (2011), Sarmento (2009), Benjamin (2009), Tuan ), Raffestin (1993) and Vygotsky (1991), seeking to "walk" around the edges to intercept with different ways of conceiving the same question. The results show that one should not banish the cultures built by the children on the streets, particularly the games, because they are mobilizing identitary constructions that strengthen the bonds between children and the place of belonging, among children and other children, with the adults and between them and society. In the streets you can learn! One learns to be and act in society, to cope with the unpredictable, with adversities that a fatally protected life within the institutions (school and family) theoretically would steal them from living, from venturing and from taking risks. In the streets they recognize their identities and create links between their home and the world.
A tese apresenta os resultados de um estudo, cujo tema: “Crianças e territorialidades: as brincadeiras nas ruas do Bairro da União em Parintins/AM” visa refletir sobre as brincadeiras nas ruas do bairro da União na perspectiva de compreender os processos de construção de territorialidades vivenciados na liberdade das brincadeiras nas ruas. A rua geralmente é tida como perigosa e “fábrica do mal”, entretanto, neste contexto argumenta-se que esse espaço também pode agregar um universo simbólico, construído a partir das crianças que brincam, articulando o lugar com as dimensões culturais, subjetivas do contexto. Vista como um convite à ociosidade e à delinquência, estou a afiançar que a rua possui formas particulares de se viver as culturas da infância, essas vivências que ampliam as relações sociais das crianças com seus pares e fortalecem o elo entre as crianças e a cidade. No percurso dialoguei com diferentes áreas do conhecimento, a partir de um ponto de vista etnográfico para perceber a infância a partir das próprias crianças, o que as colocou na condição de protagonistas de sua própria história. Tudo isso para dar visibilidade aos seus fazeres, quase sempre subjugados como algo pouco importante e, ao mesmo tempo, compreender as formas como elas se relacionam com o espaço e como constroem suas geo-grafias e se colocam frente ao desafio de geo-grafar suas vidas por meio das brincadeiras, conformando novos territórios, novas territorialidades. (PORTO-GONÇALVES, 2001). Nesse ir-e-vir as crianças travam embates com veículos, disputam o espaço com pedestres e com outros grupos de crianças para se fazerem pertencer. A inserção do pesquisador nos grupos de brincantes foi o que me levou a empreender uma abordagem baseada nos pressupostos da etnografia como condição metodológica que permitem “olhar de perto” e no paradigma fenomenológico assumido como forma de interpretar as experiências vividas pelas crianças. Para isso a abordagem interdisciplinar foi necessária como movimento que permitiu dialogar com a Geografia, a Sociologia, a Filosofia e a Antropologia por meio de Corsaro (2011), Sarmento (2009), Benjamin (2009), Tuan (1983), Sack (2013), Raffestin (1993) e Vygotsky (1991) procurando “transitar” pelas bordas, para se interceptar com modos diferentes de conceber uma mesma questão. Os resultados apontam que não se deve banalizar as culturas construídas pelas crianças nas ruas, particularmente as brincadeiras, pois elas são mobilizadoras de construções identitária que fortalecem os vínculos entre as crianças e o lugar de pertencimento, entre as crianças e outras crianças, delas com os adultos e entre elas e a sociedade. Nas ruas também se aprende! Aprende-se a ser e agir em sociedade, a lidar com o imprevisível, com intempéries que uma vida fatalmente protegida no interior das instituições (escola e família) teoricamente as furtaria de viver, de se aventurar e de correr riscos. Nas ruas elas reconhecem suas identidades e criam elos entre a sua casa e mundo.

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Moreira, Fabrício de Paula Gomes. "A constituição político-cultural da autoridade dos príncipes Rus' entre os séculos X e XII". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFOP, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/6054.

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Programa de Pós-Graduação em História. Departamento de História, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.
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Essa pesquisa analisa a constituição politicocultural da autoridade nos principados Rus´no leste europeu entre os séculos X e XII d.C., a partir da imbricação de várias matrizes diferentes, tais como a religião Cristã Ortodoxa, as tradições consuetudinárias Rus´, o incremento da cultura letrada, entre outros influxos. Estes principados se localizavam no território que corresponde atualmente à parte mais ocidental da Rússia e partes da Ucrânia e Bielorússia. Nosso argumento se baseia principalmente em duas fontes: a Crônica dos Tempos Passados (do início do século XII), e o Sermão sobre a Lei e a Graça (1049 d.C. circa) atribuído ao bispo metropolita Hilarion de Kiev (1051-1054). Através da leitura desses documentos tentamos estabelecer um panorama da elaboração política impulsionada pela difusão do Cristianismo ortodoxo de matriz bizantina entre os Rus´. Diante disso, pretendemos elucidar como esses documentos se inseriram no processo de cristianização e de consolidação política na região, como instrumentos discursivos do poder nascente que agiam sobre o contexto do qual eram oriundos. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT: This research aims to analyze the politico-cultural establishment of authority in Rus’ principalities in Eastern Europe, from the 10th an overlapping of many different sources, such as the Orthodox Christianity, Rus’ customary traditions, the raise of literacy, among other influxes. Those principalities were located in a land which now corresponds to the westernmost part of Russia and parts of Ukraine and Belarus. Our argument is based primarily on two sources: the Tale of Bygone Years, from the beginning of the 12th and the Sermon on Law and Grace (1049 AD, circa), ascribed to metropolitan bishop Ilarion of Kiev (1051-1054). Through the reading of those documents we have tried to establish an overview of the political development bolstered by the propagation of Orthodox Christianity from Byzantium among the Rus’. Thus, we aim to clarify how those documents placed themselves in the process of Christianization and political consolidation in the region as discursive instruments of the rising power, also acting upon the context from which they derived.

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Voizard, Karl-Henri. "L'Etat culturel et le droit : approche juridique des interventions culturelles de l'Etat en France". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020038.

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La présente thèse fait l’hypothèse que l’analyse juridique doit permettre de dégager le sens des interventions culturelles de l’État. Par-delà l’extrême diversité des objets dont elles se saisissent, les règles qui composent le droit de l’action culturelle des pouvoirs publics présentent en effet des caractéristiques communes. Leur examen montre que les principes auxquels elles obéissent dessinent les contours d’une figure:celle de l’État culturel. La démonstration s’articule en deux temps. Il est d’abord montré par quels moyens juridiques les dispositifs classiques des interventions culturelles de l’État sont orientés pour renforcer la cohésion nationale : l’État produit des institutions dans le but de mettre les individus en contact avec la culture et de fédérer autour de celle-ci ; il protège dans le même temps les biens et agents indispensables à l’inscription de ces institutions dans la durée. Il est ensuite montré que les réformes de l’État et les modifications du droit applicable dans le secteur culturel n’ont pas vraiment fait plier la logique initiale : les formes juridiques de l’action sont certes plus nuancées, mais elles transforment l’État culturel plus qu’elles ne le remettent en cause
This thesis assumes that legal analysis should enlighten the global meaning of cultural actions of the State. Beyond the wide variety of objects concerned, rules composing law oncultural activities of public authorities show common features. Their review shows that principles they follow draw the outlines of a figure: the one of the cultural State. The demonstration is organized in two phases. It is first shown what legal mechanisms are concerned when conventional means of cultural interventions of the State are focused tostrengthen national cohesion: the State produces institutions in order to link people withculture and unite around it. In the same time, it protects the property and agents necessaryto assure these institutions in the long term. It is then shown that the State reforms and cultural law changes did not really bend the initial logic: the legal forms of action are certainly more nuanced, but they change the State culture more than they challenge it

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Pimor, Tristana. "En famille dans la rue : trajectoires de jeunes de la rue et carrières zonardes". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21968/document.

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À partir d’une approche ethnographique collaborative entre chercheur et enquêtés, mêlant observation participante, récits de vie, entretiens auprès de jeunes vivant dans un squat et auprès de travailleurs sociaux, de commerçants, de riverains nous avons tenté de saisir ce qui dans les trajectoires des acteurs favorisait l’inscription dans cet univers de la rue qu’est la Zone et dans sa culture, ce qui jouait dans les divers inclinements identitaires zonards. Différents modes d’être « jeune en errance », ou plutôt zonard ont été repérés. En usant des théories de la socialisation, de la déviance, des interactions goffmaniennes et de l’ethnicité, nous avons pu mettre à jour des logiques synchroniques et diachroniques explicatives. L’orientation vers la Zone ne s’effectue pas sans les influences de la famille, de l'institution scolaire, du contexte écologique. Ils provoquent des désajustements auxquels la socialisation juvénile de pairs répondra par la pratique d’activités délinquantes. Le positionnement plus ou moins engagé dans la Zone dépend par ailleurs de certaines spécificités biographiques et de l'investissement dans la carrière zonarde. Des facteurs exogènes comme le traitement sanitaire et social en direction de ces jeunes et les représentations du sens commun qui leurs sont attachées, concourent à un étiquetage social, une discrimination, qui associés aux expériences passées des acteurs favorisent alors la pérennisation de l’identité zonarde et accentuent sa déviance en érigeant des frontières entre zonards et normaux
To study French young homeless we use an ethnographic collaborative approach with one population of the following study fields: young homeless of one squat (interviews, participant observation, life interviews) ; and interviews, reunion observations with social workers, storekeepers and local residents. We tried to understand which street youth life trajectories facilitated the enrolment in that street world that is designated: "the Zone" and what contributes to "zonard" identity and culture. Various ways to be "wandering youth", or rather "zonard" were located. By using socialization, deviance, Goffman’s interactions and ethnicity theories, we were able to shed light on synchronic and diachronic logics leading them to it. The Zone orientation needs specific family, school, ecological, and neighbourhood backgrounds, which provoke adjustment problems. We find that young peers socialization and it activities answer to background life tensions. The position of being more or less committed in the Zone depends on actors’ biographies specificities and on their Zone careers investment. Exogenous factors such as the sanitary and social treatments, the common sense representations of youth street contribute to a social labelling, a discrimination. Associated with past backgrounds, they encourage the Zone identity continuation, increase deviant practices and build borders between normals and Zonards

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Milesi, Sandrine. "Étude de la production de furocoumarines par la Rue officinale (Ruta graveolens L. ) : cultures de plantes au champ et cultures in vitro". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_MILESI_S.pdf.

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Les furocoumarines, métabolites secondaires de plantes, présentent un intérêt économique pour leur utilisation en dermatologie. La synthèse chimique des furocoumarines étant trop onéreuse, leur approvisionnement doit être assuré par des végétaux. Nos études ont été conduites afin d'évaluer la possibilité de produire les furocoumarines à partir de Ruta. Deux types de cultures ont été étudiés : des plantes entières et des suspensions cellulaires. La production et le profil de 4 furocoumarines (psoralène, xanthotoxine, isopimpinelline et bergaptène) ont été déterminés dans diverses conditions de cultures. Nous avons étudié la teneur en furocoumarines chez 4 espèces du genre Ruta. Agronomiquement, Ruta graveolens est la plus intéressante : elle produit beaucoup de matière sèche, a une bonne résistance au froid et une forte teneur en furocoumarines (de 4 a 17 mg. G 1 ms dans les feuilles). Les fruits et les feuilles contiennent de 60 à 70% des furocoumarines de la plante. L’effet de plusieurs facteurs (stade de développement, coupes annuelles, densité, fertilisation azotée) ont été testés sur la productivité en furocoumarines. Les plantes produisent un maximum de furocoumarines au stade fructification. Les coupes annuelles améliorent la productivité. La fertilisation azotée et la densité n'ont pas eu d'effet significatif dans nos conditions. Ces essais au champ ont été conduits sur plusieurs sites et ont mis en évidence un fort effet terroir. Enfin, des suspensions cellulaires de Ruta graveolens ont été cultivées en erlen et en bioréacteur. Leur teneur en furocoumarines est comprise entre 0,3 et 19 mg. G 1 ms. L'élicitation par verticillium dahliae a augmenté la production de furocoumarines. L’immobilisation des cellules a favorisé le relargage des métabolites dans le milieu. Le profil des furocoumarines est fortement modifié par ces facteurs. Les suspensions ont une meilleure productivité que les plantes entières, mais elles ne sont pas économiquement rentables.

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Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte. "The Birka Warrior : the material culture of a martial society". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1272.

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This is a study of martial material culture in the context of the Viking Age warrior of Birka, Sweden. The aim is to establish the role, function and affiliation of the Birka warrior and thereby place Birka on the power-political map of the 10th century. The study is based on the excavations of the fortified structures, particularly the Garrison, at the trading post of Birka as well as the extensive remains of material culture deriving from these investigations. A starting hypothesis is that an analysis of material culture constitutes a way of mapping social structures and that style and iconography reflect cultural groups, contacts and loyalties.

Based on the case studies of six papers, the synthesis deals with questions of the work and world view of the warriors, as too their relation to their contemporary counterparts in eastern and western Europe. Questions are raised concerning the value and function of symbols in a martial context where material culture reflects rank, status and office. In defining the Birka warrior’s particular stylistic expression, a tool is created and used in the search for contacts and affiliations reflected through the distribution patterns. The results show close contacts with the eastern trading posts located on the rivers Volga and Dnjepr in Ancient Russia.

It is stated that these Rus’ trading posts, essentially inhabited by Northmen, shared a common cultural expression that was maintained throughout a vast area by exceptionally close contacts. It is suggested that a particular stylistic expression developed in these Rus’ trading places containing elements of mainly Scandinavian, Steppe nomadic and Byzantine origin.

In conclusion, the results of this thesis show that the warriors from Birka’s Garrison had a share in the martial development of contemporary Europe but with their own particular traits. Close relations with the eastern trade route and contact with the powerful Byzantine Empire were enjoyed. As a pointer for future research, it is wondered what organisational form the close-knit structure of the Rus’ trading posts actually took, keeping the subsequent guilds of medieval Europe in mind. The fall of the Garrison, as of Birka, corresponds with the establishment of Christianity in the region. Such changes were not limited to Central Sweden but part of a greater process where a new political structure was developing, better anchored in local concerns.

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Aguiar, Joselia Bastos de. "O corpo das ruas: a fotografia de Pierre Verger na construção da Bahia iorubá". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-07042009-173100/.

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Este estudo investiga a atuação do fotógrafo francês Pierre Verger (1902-1996) com o propósito de compreender a relação entre suas fotografias da Bahia e as tentativas de definir, por meados do século XX, uma identidade baiana. Vista muitas vezes como calcada na herança iorubá, mas quase sempre tratada quase como uma essência mística por escritores, músicos, artistas, cronistas e cientistas sociais, esta imagem foi mais tarde apropriada pela política, economia (incluído o turismo), mídia e indústria cultural. No entanto, a singularidade da Bahia revela-se, nas lentes de Verger, como concreta, territorialmente encarnada, expressando-se no corpo e na corporalidade dos próprios lugares, de herança africana sim, mas sem traços explícitos iorubá.
This dissertation intends to understand the role played by the French photographer turned into an ethnographer Pierre Verger (2002-1996) as a contributor to the efforts of artists, writers and scholars in mid-20th century Bahia aiming at creating and circulating a local Afro-brazilian identity ethnically understood as of Yoruba origin. Vergers photographs, instead of abstract and desimbodied features, offer a deeply territorialized vision of Bahias identity,

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au, debbiehindley@westnet com, e Deborah Hindley. "In the Outer - Not on the Outer: Women and Australian Rules Football". Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060913.85805.

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This thesis identifies, examines and probes the nature of womens involvement in Australian Rules Football. Rather than have a single theoretical underpinning, an interdisciplinary approach, albeit with a feminist perspective, was applied because of the broad scope of the study. Australian Rules Football is an institution that can transcend class, race, and gender. It is also a multi-billion dollar industry. The game traces its origins back to 1858 and claims influences from rugby and an Aboriginal game called marn-grook. While it is played mainly by men, exclusively at league level, interest and involvement is not limited by gender. Academics and administrators have frequently written off womens involvement with football. Even though scholarly interest in both sport and feminism has grown since the 1970s, little significant work has been undertaken to examine womens interaction with Australian Rules Football. Leading Australian feminist Anne Summers rejected the notion that women could find anything of value in football apart from following players as devoted wives, mothers, girlfriends or groupies. Through investigation of monographs and edited collections, I reveal that myriad scholars, feminists and historians have missed the point of sporting scholarship: many women enjoy involvement with football, they understand the game and its strategies and value being part of the football community in diverse and evolving capacities. The original contribution to knowledge in this doctorate is to demonstrate that while women have had a central role in the development and maintenance of Australian Rules Football since the game was founded in colonial times, their contribution has gone unacknowledged by historians and administrators. My thesis places on record those omissions. Particularly, I highlight the lack of acknowledgement and respect for the work of a woman who authored a comprehensive and seminal social history written on the game. This is the archetypal example of how women, in many roles both professional and personal have been marginalized, despite playing pivotal roles with Australian Rules Football. The original contribution contained in these pages tracks Australian gender relations through the social institution of Australian Rules Football. To create both space and strategies for the revaluation of women in football history, a new model of female fandom is offered. The testimony of the women included is weighty in numbers and pithy in content. The scale of interviews represents diversity in age, class, ethnicity, regionality and role or function with football. Superficially it may appear that women can be placed in taxonomy. Womens involvement with Australian Rules Football is complex and their involvement enmeshes in the many facets and spheres of the game. The completion of this thesis follows the long overdue appointment of the A.F.L.s first female commissioner, Samantha Mostyn, in June 2005. Without disrespecting Mostyn, this was a tokenistic cultural shift by adding a commissioner to the existing eight males with the goal of adding further business expertise, not a new insight or strategic cultural intervention. It also comes at a time when the Australian Football Leagues has a new challenge to address, with the growing interest and participation in Association Football in Australia after the qualification for the 2006 World Cup. At this moment of change and contestation, Womens Australian Rules competitions are impoverished through lack of structural and financial support while womens Association Football, both in Australia and internationally, is flourishing.

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Marques, Gustavo Souza. "O som que vem das ruas: cultura hip-hop e música rap no Duelo de MC´s". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AAGS-9EAGPX.

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The present work aims to evince the relation between music and urban culture, in order to demonstrate the influence of customs and social contexts in the poetic and sound production of rap music. In order to do that, an entire trajectory was made in order to trace the origins of hip-hop culture, starting from the block parties in Kingston and New York, all the way to the city of Belo Horizonte Brazil, where the weekly Duelo de MCs (MC Duels) have taken place at the Santa Tereza overpass amphitheater between the years of 2007 and 2013. The streets, for hip-hop culture are an institution. Gathering places, for learning and discovery. It is a space where dance and MCing competitions, also known as break and freestyle battles, respectively occur. Freestyle is the development of improvised rhyming, created spontaneously by the MC or rapper. These Duelo de MCs have different types and models, the most recurrent one being the collision of offensive verses. The winner is determined according to the audience's vote, through shouts, clapping and hand-raising. Along with the rhymes, Djs play what is known as a "base", or rap instrumentals which assist in the MCs improvisation. The sound of these bases also reveals a lot about the history, culture and the social code among rappers and hip-hoppers. Manipulated in studios, with the juxtaposition of musical themes and the distortion of pitch and tone, they seek to reproduce the grime of street noises, whilst emphasizing lyrics for social justice, or perhaps as a means of personal vent for frustrations. Along with that, there is also an image repertoire of garments and video clips which try to reinforce this logic. By studying music and hip-hop culture, this work demonstrates that other themes also come about in this very universe, such as: identity, urban means, social codes, violence and representation. Face-to-face interviews were made with the Família de Rua group; an organizing entity of the Duelo, and with Douglas Din, a renowned MC at these events, in order to obtain the point of view of some central characters into the study.
O presente trabalho procura evidenciar a relação entre música e cultura urbana, a fim de demonstrar a influência de costumes e contextos sociais na produção poética e sonora da música rap. Para isso percorremos o trajeto histórico da cultura hip-hop, começando pelas festas de rua de Kingston e Nova Iorque até chegar a Belo Horizonte, onde acontece o Duelo de MCs, evento realizado semanalmente no anfiteatro do Viaduto Santa Tereza, de agosto de 2007 até maio de 2013. A rua, para a cultura hip-hop, é uma instituição, lugar de vivências, aprendizados e descobertas. É o espaço onde acontecem as disputas de dança e MCing, conhecidas como batalhas de break e freestyle, respectivamente. O freestyle (estilo livre) é o desenvolvimento de rimas improvisadas, criadas espontaneamente pelo MC ou rapper. O Duelo de MCs tem como cerne este tipo de batalha, que acontece em diferentes modelos, sendo o mais recorrente o embate de versos ofensivos. O vencedor é determinado de acordo com o voto da plateia por meio de gritos, palmas e levantar de mãos. Junto às rimas são tocadas pelo DJ as bases ou instrumentais de rap, que acompanham a improvisação do MC. A sonoridade dessas bases também revela muito sobre a história, a cultura e o código social dos rappers e hip-hoppers. Manipuladas em estúdio com justaposição de temas musicais e distorções de altura e de timbre, estas bases procuram reproduzir a sujeira e o ruído das ruas, enfatizando as letras de denúncia social ou mesmo de desabafo pessoal dos MCs e rappers. Junto a isso há ainda um repertório imagético de vestimentas e videoclipes que procuram reforçar essa lógica. Partindo da música e da cultura hip-hop, este estudo resvala também em diferentes temáticas que se desdobram sobre este universo, a saber: identidade, meio urbano, código social, violência e representação. Todas elas pertencentes ao ethos do hip-hop. Foram feitas entrevistas presenciais de caráter semiaberto com a Família de Rua, coletivo organizador do Duelo, e com Douglas Din, MC de destaque no evento, a fim de obter o ponto de vista dos personagens centrais deste estudo.

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Humbert, Benoît. "La circulation des Scandinaves dans la Rus' aux IXe-XIe siècles : perspectives comparées avec les fondations scandinaves occidentales : Normandie et îles anglo-saxonnes". Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE4045/document.

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La pénétration des Scandinaves en Russie, qui s’insère dans un vaste mouvement d’échanges qui entre les VIIIe et XIIe siècles fait circuler hommes et biens, apparaît à bien des égards comme un stimulant économique et politique d’envergure dans l’émergence d’organisations politiques et sociales qui aboutirent au développement de centres proto-urbains et du premier État russe. L’objectif de cette étude est donc de s’attacher à travers le traitement des sources historiographiques scandinaves et leur croisement avec les corpus slavon, byzantin et arabo-persan, à l’appréhension des modalités de transport de ces Scandinaves qui empruntèrent la voie de l’Est. Ce traitement nous permettra alors en plus de mesurer la variété et la richesse des contacts et des types de voyages entrepris, de redessiner des itinéraires, et d’appréhender plus en détail de quelle manière l’historiographie envisageait la géographie russe ainsi que le voyage en ces régions
The penetration of the Scandinavians in Russia, which takes place in this vast movement of exchanges between the eighth and twelfth centuries where men and goods where circulating around Europe, appears in many respects as a political and economic stimulus in the emergence of political and social organizations that led to the development of proto-urban centers and to the creation of the first Russian state. So the aim of this study is through the analyze of the Scandinavian historiography and its crossing with the Slavonic, Byzantine and Arabo-persian corpuses, to focus on the transport modalities of these Scandinavians who took the road to the East. This treatment will allow us to underline the wide variety of contacts and journeys undertaken, and in addition to reconstruct itineraries, and to understand in a better way how historiography dealt with Russian geography and with the journey across those regions as a pattern

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CHAGAS, JUNIOR Edgar Monteiro. "“Pelas ruas de Belém...”: produção de sentido e dinâmica cultural nos arrastões do Pavulagem em Belém do Pará". Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9057.

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As recentes demandas de grupos de habitantes nos grandes centros urbanos do país sobre algumas manifestações culturais compreendidas como tradicionais – estas acessadas segundo um modelo de representação cultural cuja dimensão de valor identitário tem sido cada vez mais acionado – tem possibilitado algumas reflexões que perpassam a condição de uso e apropriação de espaços públicos por citadinos que elaboram e instituem diferentes maneiras de se expressar artístico-culturalmente sem necessariamente seguir os padrões consolidados dos grandes eventos onde prevalece o distanciamento entre o artista e o público. Nas últimas duas décadas, observa-se uma retomada de ações de cunho pedagógico sobre os saberes oriundos de antigos folguedos populares que passaram a fornecer um referencial para a produção de discursos de ativistas culturais urbanos que se notabilizaram diante aos apelos sobre a “degradação” das identidades em um mundo economicamente globalizado, reorientando a participação e o consumo dos chamados bens culturais e proporcionando uma maneira de mobilização de públicos que passaram a (re)assumir a rua como referencial de sentido, de socialização e de experimentação como energia motriz de realização de uma ação cultural performaticamente ritualizada. Desta forma, Este trabalho se propõe a colaborar com essas discussões ancorado na possibilidade de entrelaçamento das noções de patrimônio, ritual e performance motivado a partir da observação de um movimento cultural denominado Arrastão do Pavulagem, o qual nos seus vinte e oito anos de atuação se consolidou no calendário cultural de Belém do Pará como um momento de (re)criação estética e simbólica da festa a partir da atuação de músicos, dançarinos, cantores, atores, produtores, que perfazem suas ações em um ambiente, ao que sugere, se institui a partir do sentido de participação e experimentação do lugar como um dos fundamentos desse movimento mobilizado por interesses diversos mas que, no contato com este ambiente, se entrecruzam e performaticamente elaboram discursos e visualidades que atuam na possibilidade de (re)interpretação da paisagem urbana do Centro Histórico de Belém do Pará.
Recent demands by groups of residents from large Brazilian urban centers for some cultural manifestations understood as traditional – approached according to a model of cultural representation whose dimension of identity value has been increasingly activated – has permitted some reflections that surpass the conditions of use and appropriation of urban public spaces that elaborate and institute different forms of artistic- cultural expression without necessarily following the consolidated standards for large events where distance from the artist and the public prevails. During the last two decades, there has been a resuming of actions of pedagogical nature on knowledge whose origin are in old popular dances that started to provide a referential for production of discourses by urban cultural activists who became known for their appeal to “degradation” of identities in a world economically globalized, redirecting participation and consumption of the socalled cultural assets and providing a form of public mobilization that began to (re) assume the streets as referential in the sense of socialization and experimentation as driving energy of accomplishment of a cultural action performatically ritualized. Therefore, this study aims to collaborate with these discussions anchored in the possibility of intermingling among the notions of heritage, ritual and performance motivated by observations of a cultural movement called Arrastão do Pavulagem, which has been performing for the last twenty eight years, and has been consolidated in the annual cultural schedule of Belém do Pará as a moment of esthetic and symbolic (re) creation of the festivity based on performance of musicians, dancers, actors, producers who carry out their actions in an environment, that suggests that it is institutionalized from a sense of participation and experimentation of the place as one of the fundaments of this movement mobilized by different interests, but that, when meeting at this environment, intermingle and performatically elaborate discourses and visualities that operate in the possibility of (re) interpretation of the urban landscape of the Historical Center of Belém do Pará.

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36

Powell, Anastasia. "Generation Y : re-writing the rules on sex,love and consent /". Connect to thesis, 2007. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00004035.

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37

Diederich, Marcia C. "Cultural determinants in Chinese and American preschool children's understanding of physical laws and social rules". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008diederichm.pdf.

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38

Domingos, Cássia Batista. "Maracatu Nação Pernambuco: das ruas para o palco - um olhar sobre a trajetória". Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17325.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB)
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar um olhar sobre a trajetória feita pelo grupo Maracatu Nação Pernambuco (fundado em 1989, na cidade de Olinda – PE) entre as ruas e o palco. O grupo, que é composto por artistas cênicos, faz releituras do maracatu-nação, importante manifestação popular pernambucana, tanto através de cortejos nas ruas como por meio de espetáculos pensados para o palco. As noções chave discutidas neste trabalho são: cultura, tradição, espetacularidade, ritual, festa, nação e dramaturgia coreográfica. Então, após uma exposição conceitual preliminar, este trabalho trata do maracatu-nação, da sua tradição nas ruas e das transformações pelas quais passou e tem passado. Em seguida, este texto se dedica ao surgimento do grupo Maracatu Nação Pernambuco nas ruas, assim como à sua atuação nos shows das domingueiras (evento promovido pelo grupo). Finalmente, esta dissertação aborda o trabalho do Maracatu Nação Pernambuco pelo viés dos seus espetáculos elaborados para o palco, confrontando suas apresentações nas ruas com seus espetáculos no palco, dialogando com a noção de dramaturgia coreográfica e levantando alguns dados sobre a repercussão do trabalho do grupo. Além destes conteúdos, esta dissertação traz como apêndice uma entrevista feita com dois fundadores do grupo que é objeto desta pesquisa.

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39

Souza, Mônica Maria Martins de. "Comunicação interna na empresa e loucura corporativa: Um estudo de caso". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4455.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The purpose of this work is to analyze the relationship among people, employment and madness. The internal and external rules and communications of the companies define attitudes and the labor activity in a way that orchestrate the relations among employees. Because the demands of the job are imposed through ritual habits, which are based in the maintenance of the employee s behavior, this relationship between people and companies generates goods, but also can drive to madness. In a context based in profits, the companies expect their employees to work like actors in mechanical rules, performing regular and repetitive actions. The company becomes a stage of coercion, keeping workers because it appropriates their possibilities of survival. Two distinctive symbolic universes act on this stage: the corporative culture and the employee culture, which results in new corporate bonds and rearranged social bonds. Such bonds, where the people s beliefs and myths are, live on what Ivan Bystrina calls first reality , that contains their basic survival necessities, and on the second reality , that means their symbolic world in the author s conception, where are the human beliefs, fantasies, dreams and hope of professional and personal realization. Submitted to the pressure of rules, people get into conflicts and get so upset that they can become mad, being madness one of the roots of culture. People can loose, in this process, their conscience, or the ability to distinguish reality from imagination. This kind of symptom is observed in the study case Herbalife.
A investigação tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre os homens, o trabalho e a loucura. A relação vivenciada no espaço organizacional é orquestrada pela comunicação interna da empresa que, através das normas internas e externas, define atitudes e rege a atividade laboral. Pelo fato do comportamento desejado pela empresa ser imposto aos funcionários através de hábitos ritualizados, pautados pela manutenção das atitudes dos que querem manter os vínculos profissionais, a relação entre os homens e a empresa tanto gera trabalho como também produz loucura. Neste contexto, determinado por fins lucrativos, a corporação treina insistentemente seus homens e faz com que trabalhem como atores que representam mecanicamente determinados papéis. Como esta representação é pautada por gestos e ritmos repetidos com regularidade em vista da consolidação de metas, a empresa se transforma em palco de coerção e mantêm os funcionários porque captura deles as necessidades de sobrevivência reais e possíveis. Neste palco contracenam dinamicamente dois universos simbólicos distintos: a cultura corporativa e a cultura do funcionário. Nessa arena de enfrentamento cultural e produção de bens ou serviços são construídos e reconstruídos novos vínculos corporativos que funcionam como rearranjos dos vínculos sociais. Estes vínculos, com raízes onto e filogenéticas, são balizados por mitos e crenças de que no universo do trabalho os homens alimentam seu mundo real, a primeira realidade na concepção de Ivan Bystrina, composto de necessidades básicas de sobrevivência, e o seu mundo simbólico, a segunda realidade, composto de crenças, fantasias, sonhos e esperanças de realização pessoal e profissional. Submetidos às pressões das normas, os homens entram em conflito e enredados por uma das raízes da cultura, os estados alterados de consciência, se perdem de si mesmos resvalando o universo da loucura real ou imaginária. Indícios deste processo são observados no estudo de caso da empresa Herbalife.

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Vasquez, Eliane Leal. "Sociedade cativa: entre cultura escolar e cultura prisional - uma incursão pela ciência penitenciária". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13381.

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Governo do Estado do Amapá
In the present work we analyse some penitentiary rules in Brazil in the transition of the 19th to 20th century, specially, in relation to the conception of education, focusing the changing of the scholar curriculum in this period from examples of the Casa de Correção da Corte , Presídio de Fernando de Noronha and Casa de Correção da Capital Federal . Besides that, we discuss the relation between the knowledge corpus , shared by the teachers at the school of the 21st century prison, with the behaviours and knowledges corpus that the captive society produce in the prison environment through the study of case accomplished with prison-students of the Instituto de Administração Penitenciária do Amapá . So, the study object of this research correspond to an essay to construction of interface in the history of science between penitentiary science, penitentiary law and history of penal execution in Brazil
Neste trabalho analisamos alguns regulamentos penitenciários do Brasil da transição do século XIX ao XX, em especial, no que tange à concepção de educação, focalizando a transformação do currículo escolar nesse período a partir de exemplos da Casa de Correção da Corte, Presídio de Fernando de Noronha e Casa de Correção da Capital Federal. Além disso, discutimos a relação entre o corpus de conhecimentos que são compartilhados pelos professores dentro da escola na prisão no século XXI, com o corpus de conhecimentos e comportamentos que a sociedade cativa produz no ambiente prisional a partir de estudo de caso realizado com alunos-presos do Instituto de Administração Penitenciária do Amapá. Desse modo, o objeto de estudo desta pesquisa corresponde a um ensaio para construção de interface na história da ciência entre a ciência penitenciária, direito penitenciário e histórica da execução penal do Brasil

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41

Chang, Chun Chia. "Les deux formes de la culture populaire de Taipei : marché de nuit traditionnel et restauration rapide à l'américaine". Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040202.

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Des formes de restauration coexistent actuellement à Taipei : le marché de nuit et la restauration rapide à l'américaine. Les endroits où s'installent ces deux formes de restauration ne sont pas les même. Le marché de nuit est apparu dans les rues étroites des vieux quartiers commerciaux, les marchands ambulants et les boutiques cohabitent. La restauration rapide à l'américaine a trouvé sa place sur les boulevards des nouveaux quartiers commerciaux et d'affaires
Although night market had existed since seventh century in China, however has started to develop the isolated island, Taiwan, 1000 years later, in seventeenth century. From the records of Taipei history, ne can not discover the market until nineteenth century. In 1984, American style fast food intruded in Taipei city with huge capital, heavy advertisement, delicate decoration and hight consumption level. All these features provided the places for people to chase fashion and foreign circumstances, which make people feel unique and noble. In the research, we find out that because Taiwan GNP increased and these American style fast-food stores popularly set up. The mystery of this fashion and unique culture had been taken off, and graduately associated with the public usual dining activities. The current two public dining culture -- "night market" and "fast-food store", in Taipei city, have a significant difference in location chosen. The fast-food stores usually located in modern business circles or beside the broad boulevard

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42

Marcet, Sylvia. "La ville en scène : patrimonialisation, fêtes de rue et renouveau des centres historiques de Goiás et São Luis do Maranhão au Brésil (1980-2004)". La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROF021.

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Le processus de patrimonialisation, au XXème siècle, est un objet d’étude qui intègre un débat très actuel. Ce processus, à l’origine de nouveaux espaces et de la redéfinition des vieux centres urbains, est aussi responsable de mutations d’ordre social et culturel. Notre étude socioculturelle propose de déterminer s’il y a une interdépendance entre les politiques et leur projet de « ville patrimoniale » et les pratiques culturelles. La ville patrimoniale se résume-t-elle à un produit marketing ? Ne serait-elle pas aussi la scène idéale des représentations identitaires et des actions sociales et éducatives ? Nous tentons d’apporter de nouvelles réponses dans un débat où la ville patrimoniale est fortement remise en question de par sa réappropriation à des fins consuméristes. Nous montrons que l’idéal de développement durable imaginé par l’UNESCO est de l’ordre du possible à travers l’étude de micros sociétés qui œuvrent pour la valorisation du patrimoine tout en s’investissant dans des actions sociales auprès du jeune public. La lecture qu’on nous propose de ces villes patrimoniales, Goiás et São Luis, correspond-t-elle réellement à un héritage commun à tous ?
The process of patrimonialisation, in the twentieth century, is an object of study which integrates a very current debate. This process, at the origin of new spaces and of the redefining of the old urban areas, is also responsible for social and cultural alterations. Our sociocultural study suggests determining if there is an interdependence between the politics and their project of " patrimonial city " and the cultural practices. Does the patrimonial city could be compared with a marketing product? Would not it also be the ideal scene of the identical representations and the social and educational actions? We try to bring new answers in a debate where the patrimonial city is strongly questioned due to its reappropriation in consumerist purposes. We show that the ideal of sustainable development imagined by UNESCO is possible through the study of micro societies which work at the valorization of the heritage while putting a lot into social actions with the young public. The reading which we propose us of these patrimonial cities, Goiás and São Luis, do really correspond to a heritage common to all?

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SANTOS, Mário Ribeiro dos. "Trombones, tambores, repiques e ganzás: a festa das agremiações carnavalescas nas ruas do Recife (1930-1945)". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4815.

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Esta dissertação tem como objetivo o debate em torno do Carnaval vivenciado nas ruas do centro do Recife, em especial as agremiações carnavalescas, partindo do pressuposto que esses grupos incluem o Carnaval em suas práticas cotidianas, o que nos permite pensar numa configuração dos espaços da cidade pelos foliões. Discute ainda a atuação do Estado e demais autoridades na organização da festa, sobretudo no período de 1930 -1945, quando a documentação é observada. Uma época marcada por medidas normativas de prevenção da moral e dos bons costumes, e, em contraponto, pela imposição do ideário da modernidade. O estudo, portanto, percorre caminhos que nos levam a analisar um momento específico no contexto político, social e ideológico do país, caracterizado pelo discurso autoritário do Estado e pela mudança na perspectiva do olhar das elites, que passa a perceber a organização e a força política da classe pobre trabalhadora. Nesse sentido, identificamos uma valorização da cultura mestiça e de suas práticas lúdicas pelas autoridades. Essa mudança de pensamento, de atitude e de aproximação em relação aos populares, vincula-se aodiscurso estado-novista de que “toda política nasce do povo.” O trabalho está divido em três capítulos: o primeiro dedica-se a percorrer os diferentes trajetos do circuito da folia no Recife, especialmente, os bairros centrais, analisando o cotidiano da cidade e seus conflitos, os bastidores de preparação da festa e as posturas de ordem que circulam entre os foliões; o carnaval organizado pelos moradores nas ruas, nos clubes, o corso, entre outras experiências. No segundo capítulo, destacamos dois pontos: em primeiro lugar, uma caracterização do carnaval do Recife que o torna original, criado na sua paisagem urbana, isto é, o FREVO, síntese das várias tradições étnicoculturais. A segunda questão diz respeito à discussão de como aparece a presença da cultura afro-brasileira, sobretudo, a religiosidade, nas agremiações ligadas ao frevo (clubes, troças e blocos). Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, questionamos como o frevo, considerado até o início do século XX, como sinônimo de atraso, por uma elite obcecada por valores europeus, transforma-se em elemento genuinamente pernambucano, exemplificando o orgulho de uma identidade mestiça propagada pelo Estado em praticamente todos os acontecimentossociais, sobretudo, no Carnaval.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo o debate em torno do Carnaval vivenciado nas ruas do centro do Recife, em especial as agremiações carnavalescas, partindo do pressuposto que esses grupos incluem o Carnaval em suas práticas cotidianas, o que nos permite pensar numa configuração dos espaços da cidade pelos foliões. Discute ainda a atuação do Estado e demais autoridades na organização da festa, sobretudo no período de 1930 -1945, quando a documentação é observada. Uma época marcada por medidas normativas de prevenção da moral e dos bons costumes, e, em contraponto, pela imposição do ideário da modernidade. O estudo, portanto, percorre caminhos que nos levam a analisar um momento específico no contexto político, social e ideológico do país, caracterizado pelo discurso autoritário do Estado e pela mudança na perspectiva do olhar das elites, que passa a perceber a organização e a força política da classe pobre trabalhadora. Nesse sentido, identificamos uma valorização da cultura mestiça e de suas práticas lúdicas pelas autoridades. Essa mudança de pensamento, de atitude e de aproximação em relação aos populares, vincula-se aodiscurso estado-novista de que “toda política nasce do povo.” O trabalho está divido em três capítulos: o primeiro dedica-se a percorrer os diferentes trajetos do circuito da folia no Recife, especialmente, os bairros centrais, analisando o cotidiano da cidade e seus conflitos, os bastidores de preparação da festa e as posturas de ordem que circulam entre os foliões; o carnaval organizado pelos moradores nas ruas, nos clubes, o corso, entre outras experiências. No segundo capítulo, destacamos dois pontos: em primeiro lugar, uma caracterização do carnaval do Recife que o torna original, criado na sua paisagem urbana, isto é, o FREVO, síntese das várias tradições étnicoculturais. A segunda questão diz respeito à discussão de como aparece a presença da cultura afro-brasileira, sobretudo, a religiosidade, nas agremiações ligadas ao frevo (clubes, troças e blocos). Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, questionamos como o frevo, considerado até o início do século XX, como sinônimo de atraso, por uma elite obcecada por valores europeus, transforma-se em elemento genuinamente pernambucano, exemplificando o orgulho de uma identidade mestiça propagada pelo Estado em praticamente todos os acontecimentossociais, sobretudo, no Carnaval.

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44

Tacheenie-Campoy, Glory 1952. "Collectors of Navajo rugs: An analysis and comparison of the Marjorie Merriweather Post and Washington Matthews Smithsonian Collection". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291582.

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Navajo blankets and rugs collected by Washington Matthews and Marjorie Merriweather Post are now held by the Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Matthews, medical doctor and anthropologist, actively collected Navajo blankets; to preserve them in museums and gather knowledge about them in publications. His goal was to learn about the Navajos before they merged into dominate American culture. Post, philanthropist, art collector, and socialite, collected Navajo blankets and rugs as status symbols, decorations and souvenirs when they were marketed by traders and weavers. Her collections once exhibited at her estates are now exhibited at the Hillwood Museum and the Museum of Natural History, in Washington, D.C. This thesis is about the collectors, their collections and why they collected Navajo blankets and rugs. Tables and photographs illustrate the collection.

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45

Adelman, Rebecca A. "The Shadow Rules of Engagement: Visual Practices, Citizen-Subjectivity, and America's Global War on Terror". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243903538.

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Aubouin, Nicolas. "L' institutionnalisation des espaces artistiques déterritorialisés : de la construction de nouveaux mondes de l'art à la transformation des modes d'action publique". Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100123.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse au processus d’institutionnalisation de pratiques artistiques qui naissent en rupture avec les normes et les cadres des mondes de l’art (Becker, 1982) établis, comme les arts de la rue et les nouveaux territoires de l’art. L’analyse du phénomène s’appuie sur une étude approfondie de différents cas au sein de l’administration publique et de multiples lieux de production et de diffusion artistique. Ce travail de terrain nous a permis de mettre en évidence les spécificités des activités et des modes d’organisation de ce que l’on a appelé les espaces artistiques déterritorialisés, les collectifs d’artistes, les festivals et les lieux de fabrication des arts de la rue, les squats et les friches artistiques. Nous avons cherché à analyser les dynamiques de structuration interne et externe des organisations autour de différents dispositifs de gestion (Moisdon, 1997), qui conduisent à transformer progressivement ces espaces, mais aussi à établir des formes de coopération avec les services de l’Etat et ainsi les amener sur les sentiers de l’institutionnalisation (Di Maggio et Powell, 1991). Nous avons donc défendu l’idée que celle-ci était un processus de co-construction des organisations artistiques et de la gouvernance publique, caractérisé par l’émergence de cadres de gestion renouvelés tant dans la gestion interne des projets et dans les relations entre les structures, que du point de vue des modalités d’intervention publique. Cette thèse permet ainsi de jeter un nouveau regard sur les modalités de construction de nouvelles pratiques artistiques et de ses formes d’organisation, et sur le rôle de l’environnement institutionnel dans ce processus
This PhD thesis studies institutionnalization (Di Maggio et Powell, 1991) of new areas of artistic creation and distribution, outside the more conventional outlets – named disdeterritorialised areas – such as the “new territories of art” (artistic practices on former industrial or commercial wasteland, in derelict housing, etc. . . ), and street arts, raises the question of both the frontiers and approaches to public action. Indeed the transversality of these projects and the role that local authorities play in their development as well as the reconfiguration of operating formats, require the public administration to reorganise its actions through the creation of more transversal intervention mechanisms, the development of cooperation ventures between public actors and the commitment of new comptencies and expertises. Finally, this process demonstrate a co-building of new management tools (Moisdon, 1997) and public management. This thesis put forward a new representation of Art Worlds (Becker, 1982) and role of State

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47

Santos, Júnior Sérgio Antônio dos. "Ruas de eventos: práticas de lazer em três momentos históricos na cidade de São Paulo". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2016. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2913.

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On this essay we are going to describe and analyze some aspects of urban cultural dynamics from the leisure practices, which aims to rebuilt by historiography the living about intercession between the streets the uses of built. The research is composed by three texts about leisure arrangements and meeting places, accompanying the development and urban expansion of the city of São Paulo and, therefore, in three different momments, with the intentions of looking for the way that people handled with the places that they used to entertained and how it used to be appropriated and what changes. The adopted strategy consists on the dyad of the term "events". On the one hand, the deregulation of rules originally proposed, in a reflection that proposes changes, especially immaterial, in this case, urban culture. The other, expresses the playful act itself, which is also the leisure empiricism manifested in the celebration of moments of scheduled or spontaneous meetings. The goal is to identify the places where the effect of these practices get along with greater intensity and recurrence, electing thus an urban piece (a street) emblematic of its time and thus describe the practice and peculiarities occurrences in it, "How was it, what they used to do, what has changed and what has remained about the urban culture?". Reflect on the "amusements" of society, from past to contemporary times, it is the " enchantment " of this research. The method applied on this research, that we belive to give way support for its development, consists on bibliographic and iconographic review, with some special attention and selection in journalistic material because their daily publications. Indeed, the conceptual theoretical framework engenders some interpretative keys that are incisive look at the production of the São Paulo metropolis, especially for civil relations. APRESENTAÇÃO 10 If the appropriations for leisure are state of awakening products latency of a particular environment with a view to its possibilities, the volume of production in other sectors could not pass unscathed through this process. In light of these considerations, each chapter discusses a systemic approach to the housing sector, trade and services, corporate and leisure, which requires its own spatiality. Finally, what we want to offer from this study, in addition to contextualize some facets of diversity, productions and cultural practices, is to reflect on the exhaustion of the places. In São Paulo as a large urban center, prestigious locations that occurred relapses of leisure activities, are the same as those of yesteryears? Therefore, it is a reflection on the city that since the times of its "black gold" own, the coffee, the city was designed to work and thought by the action of the Money, and then, to the uses of the cars, thus, conveys a message that anything as the same time everything seems to have to bind with the cultural development of leisure.
Nesta dissertação são descritos e analisados alguns aspectos da dinâmica cultural urbana a partir das práticas do lazer, que visa reconstituir pela historiografia o vivido na mediação dos usos da rua com o edificado. São três textos sobre modalidades de lazer e lugares de encontro, que acompanham o desenvolvimento e a expansão urbana da cidade de São Paulo e, portanto, em três épocas distintas, com intuito de observar as transformações e a maneira com que as pessoas se relacionavam e se apropriavam dos espaços que se entretinham. A estratégia adotada toma por base a díade do termo “evento”. De um lado, pela desregulamentação normativa do originalmente proposto, em uma reflexão que propõe mudanças, especialmente imateriais, como é o caso, na cultura urbana. O outro se expressa pelo ato lúdico em si, que também é o empirismo do lazer, manifestado na celebração dos momentos, dos encontros programados ou espontâneos. O objetivo é identificar os locais onde o vigor destas práticas se davam com maior intensidade e recorrências, elegendo, assim, um pedaço urbano (uma rua) emblemático a sua época e, desse modo, descrever as práticas e peculiaridades que nela ocorriam: “como eram, o que faziam, o que mudou e o que permaneceu na cultura urbana?”. Refletir sobre os “divertimentos” da sociedade, de épocas passadas à contemporaneidade, é o “encanto” desta pesquisa. O método que se aplicou nesta pesquisa, para seu suporte e desenvolvimento, consiste na revisão bibliográfica e iconográfica, com maior atenção e seleção no material jornalístico pelas publicações do cotidiano. Com efeito, o referencial teórico conceitual engendra algumas chaves interpretativas que são incisivas no olhar sobre a produção da urbe paulistana, sobretudo pelas relações cívicas. APRESENTAÇÃO 8 Se as apropriações pelo lazer são produtos do despertar do estado de latência de um determinado ambiente tendo em vista suas possibilidades, o volume da produção dos demais setores não poderia passar incólume por este processo. Sob a luz dessas ponderações, cada capítulo discorre de uma abordagem sistêmica dos setores habitacionais, comerciais e de serviços, institucionais e do lazer, que requer uma espacialidade própria. Por fim, o que se pretende oferecer a partir deste estudo, além de contextualizar algumas facetas da diversidade, produções e práticas culturais, é refletir sobre a exaustão dos lugares. Em um grande centro urbano como São Paulo, os locais de prestígio das reincidentes práticas de lazer são os mesmos que os de outrora? Por isso mesmo, trata-se de uma reflexão sobre a cidade que, desde os tempos de seu “ouro negro”, o café, foi idealizada para o trabalho e pela ação do capital e, posteriormente, para o uso do automóvel, assim sendo, transmite uma mensagem de que nada e ao mesmo tempo tudo parece ter a ver com seu desenvolvimento cultural e de lazer.

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48

Gergely, Noemi. "Implicit Family Process and Couples Rules: A Comparison of American and Hungarian Families". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/526.

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Family life is organized by rules, and most of them are unspokenly agreed-upon by family members and may be even out of awareness. Implicit family process and couple rules may facilitate or constrain family relationship and intimate couple relationship growth. Prevalence of family rules may be different across cultures. Family members may perceive their rules and family functioning differently according to their family position and gender. Married couples may view their relationship rules differently than couples who cohabit. This study utilized the Family Implicit Rules Profile (FIRP) and the Couples Implicit Rules Profile (CIRP) Questionnaires to answer these research questions. The questionnaires were translated into Hungarian, and the content validity of the Hungarian translation was established. Hungarian non-clinical families and couples were compared to American (U.S.) non-clinical families and couples to examine how prevalent implicit rules were in the two cultures. According to the findings, Hungarian families and couples scored lower on the total FIRP and CIRP scores. Hungarian families perceived implicit family rules regarding kindness and monitoring less prevalent, and rules regarding constraining their thoughts, feelings and self more prevalent than American families. No differences were found in expressiveness and connection and inappropriate caretaking of parents between the two cultures. Hungarian couples perceived their implicit relationship rules regarding kindness, expressiveness and connection and monitoring less prevalent than American couples. No differences in implicit rules about constraining thoughts, feelings and self and inappropriate caretaking of partner were found between the two cultures. Mothers in both cultures viewed their families in a more positive light than other family members, and female family members (mothers and daughters) were more positive than their male counterparts (fathers and sons) about rules in their families in both cultures. Sons in both cultures perceived more responsibility to protect their parents emotionally than did daughters. Married couples in both cultures perceived their relationship rules more favorably in terms of kindness and monitoring than cohabiting couples. Results were interpreted in the context of cultural differences between the American and the Hungarian cultures. Limitations and the possibility of future research are discussed.

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Nakamura, Tsukasa. "Clinical prediction rules for bacteremia and in-hospital death based on clinical data at the time of blood withdrawal for culture : an evaluation of their development and use". Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135907.

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50

Lima, T?bata Lo?se Cunha. "Avalia??o do potencial antiviral da Annona muricata (Graviola) e Spondias mombin (Caj?) contra o v?rus dengue-2 em cultura de c?lulas". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20322.

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A dengue ? uma doen?a de notifica??o compuls?ria e cerca de 50 a 100 milh?es de casos s?o registrados anualmente. Possui amplo espectro cl?nico e ? transmitida ao homem atrav?s da picada dos mosquitos do g?nero Aedes, tendo como principal vetor a esp?cie Aedes aegypti. O agente etiol?gico da doen?a ? o v?rus dengue (DENV) pertencente ao g?nero Flavivirus, fam?lia Flaviviridae e s?o conhecidos quatro sorotipos antigenicamente distintos (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 e DENV-4). Atualmente o tratamento da dengue ? apenas de suporte, feito atrav?s de intensa hidrata??o. Ainda n?o existe uma vacina comprovadamente eficaz ou tratamento espec?fico, o estudo de poss?veis antivirais que possam diminuir a viremia no paciente ? de alt?ssima relev?ncia, uma vez que a carga viral ? um dos fatores associado ao aparecimento das formas graves da doen?a (febre hemorr?gica da dengue e s?ndrome do choque da dengue). No presente estudo n?s avaliamos o potencial antiviral de extratos brutos obtidos a partir das folhas das plantas do Nordeste brasileiro Annona muricata (graviola) e Spondias mombin (caj?) contra o DENV-2 em cultura de c?lulas C6/36 e Vero. A avalia??o da a??o dos extratos brutos foi feita por meio da quantifica??o da carga viral atrav?s da PCR em Tempo Real (qRT-PCR) e pela t?cnica de contagem de unidades formadoras de placa (PFU). As concentra??es dos extratos de ambas as plantas utilizadas foram: 0,01, 0,1 e 1mg/mL. As culturas de c?lulas infectadas foram submetidas ao tratamento com os extratos durante os per?odos de 24-168h horas (7 dias). C?lulas Vero tratadas com o extrato da S. mombin n?o apresentaram redu??o na carga viral. Em contrapartida, quando estas c?lulas foram tratadas com o extrato da A. muricata, uma hora ap?s infec??o, observou-se uma redu??o significativa na carga viral nas primeiras horas (24h), quando comparadas com as c?lulas n?o tratadas utilizadas como controle positivo. Ao serem tratadas em intervalos de 24 horas apresentaram uma redu??o na carga viral nos dias subsequentes (at? o s?timo dia). N?o foi observada redu??o na carga viral em c?lulas C6/36 tratadas com ambos os extratos. De acordo com os nossos resultados, o extrato da planta A. muricata possui potencial antiviral promissor contra a infec??o pelo DENV-2 em cultura de c?lulas Vero.
Dengue is a reportable disease and about 50 to 100 million cases are reported annually. It has a wide clinical spectrum and is transmitted to humans through the bite of Aedes mosquitos, the main vector the Aedes aegypti species. The causative agent of disease is dengue virus (DENV) belonging to the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae and are known four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4). Currently the treatment of dengue is supportive, made by intense hydration. Although there is no proven effective vaccine or specific treatment, the study of potential antiviral drugs that can reduce viremia in patients is very high importance, since the viral load is one of the factors associated with the development of severe forms of the disease (hemorrhagic fever dengue and dengue shock syndrome). In the present study we evaluated the antiviral potential of crude extracts obtained from the leaves of plants in Northeastern Brazil Annona muricata (soursop) and Spondias mombin (caja) against DENV-2 in cultured C6/36 and Vero. The evaluation of the activity of the crude extracts was performed by the quantification of viral load by RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and counting technique of plaque forming units (PFU). The concentrations of extracts of both plants used were 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/mL. The infected cell cultures were subjected to treatment with the extracts during periods of 24-168h hours (7 days). Vero cells treated with the S. mombin extract showed no reduction in viral load. In contrast, when these cells were treated with the extract of A. muricata, one hour after infection, significant reductions in viral load in the first hour was observed (24 h) when compared to untreated cells used as positive control. When they are treated at 24 hour intervals showed a reduction in viral load in subsequent days (until day). There was no reduction in viral load in C6/36 cells treated with both extracts. According to our results, the plant extract has antiviral A. muricata promising potential against infection by DENV-2 in Vero cell culture.

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