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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Current voltage measurements"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 18 febbraio 2022

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1

Nonaka, Kyoya, Tadashi Koshizuka e Kunihiko Hidaka. "Current Measurement at Prospective Transient Recovery Voltage Measurements". IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 140, n. 9 (1 settembre 2020): 700–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.140.700.

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2

Cascante, Giovanni, John Vanderkooy e Wilson Chung. "Difference between current and voltage measurements in resonant-column testing". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40, n. 4 (1 agosto 2003): 806–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t03-023.

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The resonant-column test is one of the most common procedures for dynamic characterization of soils (American Society for Testing and Materials standard). The test procedures require the measurement of the current flowing through the driving coils. In many cases, however, the input voltage has been measured and the results analyzed as a traditional current measurement. In this paper, the difference between current and voltage measurements is clarified; specifically, a new transfer function is presented for the analysis of data when the input voltage is measured. The new model is evaluated by testing three aluminum probes. Wave velocities computed from voltage and current measurements are similar; however, damping ratios are significantly overestimated if voltage-based measurements are analyzed with the standard procedures because the motion of the magnets induces an opposite voltage in the coils. Results from voltage and current measurements agree only if the new transfer function is used for the analysis of voltage data. Exploratory results for a dry-sand specimen, tested under different shear-strain levels (maximum shear strain γmax < 103), demonstrate the effect of nonlinear behaviour on current and voltage measurements. Current-based measurements are recommended because they do not require the evaluation of the complex impedance of the driving coils. Furthermore, current-based measurements are more precise, especially for the characterization of specimens that have low resonant frequencies.Key words: resonant-column testing, damping ratio, attenuation, mechanical waves, shear modulus, wave velocity.

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3

Vanin, Valery, Alexandr Bulychov, Maxim Popov, Olga Vasilyeva e Maria Shakhova. "About influence of non-sinusoidal currents and voltages on the amount of the electric energy". MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824506009.

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The results of measurements of the harmonics components of the current, voltage, power of harmonics at the point of connection of electric receivers with a non-linear voltage-current characteristic are considered. It is shown that the amount of electric energy including the non-sinusoidality of the currents and voltages consumed by the non-linear load is less than the amount of the fundamental frequency energy. The difference between them is the harmonic distortion energy that causes extra losses to the electric networks. The voltage harmonic distortions at the measurement point exceed the normative values for 0.4 kV electric networks.

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4

Crotti, Gabriella, e Domenico Giordano. "Set up and characterization of a measuring system for PQ measurements in a MV site with PV generation". ACTA IMEKO 4, n. 1 (5 febbraio 2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v4i1.171.

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The features of a Power Quality measurement system which includes both voltage and current transducers and a self-developed measuring instrument are described. The system is intended for measurements in substations at medium voltage level. A Rogowski coil and a voltage divider are the used transducers, whereas the measuring instrument is based on a Reconfigurable I/O-FPGA system with embedded software. Attention is focused on the procedures adopted for the characterization of the voltage and current sensors, which are carried out taking into account the expected on-site measurement conditions. An example of use of the systems for measurement of some PQ parameters in a private substation which connects an industrial load and two photo-voltaic generation plants to the public MV voltage network is presented, together with the associated voltage and current uncertainty budget. By making use of the results obtained in the characterization phase, the current and voltage measurement uncertainty can be reduced.

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5

Harrison, Reid R., Ilya Kolb, Suhasa B. Kodandaramaiah, Alexander A. Chubykin, Aimei Yang, Mark F. Bear, Edward S. Boyden e Craig R. Forest. "Microchip amplifier for in vitro, in vivo, and automated whole cell patch-clamp recording". Journal of Neurophysiology 113, n. 4 (15 febbraio 2015): 1275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00629.2014.

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Patch clamping is a gold-standard electrophysiology technique that has the temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio capable of reporting single ion channel currents, as well as electrical activity of excitable single cells. Despite its usefulness and decades of development, the amplifiers required for patch clamping are expensive and bulky. This has limited the scalability and throughput of patch clamping for single-ion channel and single-cell analyses. In this work, we have developed a custom patch-clamp amplifier microchip that can be fabricated using standard commercial silicon processes capable of performing both voltage- and current-clamp measurements. A key innovation is the use of nonlinear feedback elements in the voltage-clamp amplifier circuit to convert measured currents into logarithmically encoded voltages, thereby eliminating the need for large high-valued resistors, a factor that has limited previous attempts at integration. Benchtop characterization of the chip shows low levels of current noise [1.1 pA root mean square (rms) over 5 kHz] during voltage-clamp measurements and low levels of voltage noise (8.2 μV rms over 10 kHz) during current-clamp measurements. We demonstrate the ability of the chip to perform both current- and voltage-clamp measurement in vitro in HEK293FT cells and cultured neurons. We also demonstrate its ability to perform in vivo recordings as part of a robotic patch-clamping system. The performance of the patch-clamp amplifier microchip compares favorably with much larger commercial instrumentation, enabling benchtop commoditization, miniaturization, and scalable patch-clamp instrumentation.

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6

Yokoshima, I. "RF impedance measurements by voltage-current detection". IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 42, n. 2 (aprile 1993): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.278616.

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7

LARSEN, J. C., e T. B. SANFORD. "Florida Current Volume Transports from Voltage Measurements". Science 227, n. 4684 (18 gennaio 1985): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4684.302.

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8

Kanálik, Martin, Anastázia Margitová, Ľubomír Beňa e Andrea Kanáliková. "Power System Impedance Estimation Using a Fast Voltage and Current Changes Measurements". Energies 14, n. 1 (24 dicembre 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010063.

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Equivalent power system impedance is an important electrical quantity from many points of view. Areas in which this parameter plays an important role include, in particular: Voltage stability analysis, power quality, or fault condition analysis. Power system impedance estimation in real operation conditions can be performed by one of the non-invasive methods described by different authors. This paper aims to investigate and compare seven different methods for power system impedance estimation based on voltage and current variations measurement. After a brief description of selected methods, these methods were applied for power system impedance estimation in the case of two simple simulation tests and then in the case of three real measured data. Voltage and current changes used for power system impedance estimation in real conditions were measured in high voltage (HV) and medium voltage (MV) substations feeding steel mill with the electric arc furnace (EAF) operation. As the results presented in this paper have shown, not all of the methods analyzed are suitable for determining the power system impedance based on the fast step changes of voltage and current that occur, for example, during an EAF operation. Indeed, some of the tested methods were originally designed to determine the power system impedance from changes in voltages and currents recorded at steady state.

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9

Sulaksono, Santiko Tri, Sudjatmi Kustituantini Alfa e Dani Gustaman Syarif. "CRITICAL HEAT FLUX NANOFLUIDS MEASUREMENTS SYSTEM USING ARDUINO". JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 23, n. 1 (17 febbraio 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2021.23.1.6005.

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Crtical heat flux (CHF) is an important characteristic of nanofluids. The CHF measurements were carried out in nanofluid research at the Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology. These measurements are done manually using a variable power supply and a multimeter. However, it was difficult to record the voltage and current due to the sudden break of the wire. In this study, Arduino was used to measure CHF automatically. The voltage is applied to the wire and increases automatically along with the measurement of the voltage and current in the wire. The results of the voltage and current measurements were compared with a multimeter and were not significantly different. It can be concluded that the CHF measurement system using arduino can be used to measure nanofluid CHF.

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10

Meriläinen, Esa. "Comparative Measurements on Loudspeaker Distortion: Current vs. Voltage Control". Archives of Acoustics 42, n. 1 (1 marzo 2017): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2017-0008.

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Abstract Modulation and harmonic distortion produced by ordinary moving-coil direct-radiator drive units are measured under current control and voltage control. A realistic two-tone test signal is used to investigate the detrimental effect of the voice coil electromotive forces on the voltage-to-current conversion that is critical with voltage control. Dramatic improvements in distortion performance are obtained with current control. Current nonlinearities in voltage-controlled speakers are shown to be the dominant source of modulation and odd harmonic distortions at signal frequencies above the fundamental resonance region. Currents in conductive voice coil formers also seem to be significant sources of distortion; with current control and non-conductive formers, odd harmonics and related modulation products virtually vanished in the upper midrange.

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11

Chen, N. C., W. C. Lien, Y. S. Wang e H. H. Liu. "Capacitance–Voltage and Current–Voltage Measurements of Nitride Light-Emitting Diodes". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 54, n. 12 (2007): 3223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2007.908595.

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12

Rabbah, Pascale, Jorge Golowasch e Farzan Nadim. "Effect of Electrical Coupling on Ionic Current and Synaptic Potential Measurements". Journal of Neurophysiology 94, n. 1 (luglio 2005): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00043.2005.

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Recent studies have found electrical coupling to be more ubiquitous than previously thought, and coupling through gap junctions is known to play a crucial role in neuronal function and network output. In particular, current spread through gap junctions may affect the activation of voltage-dependent conductances as well as chemical synaptic release. Using voltage-clamp recordings of two strongly electrically coupled neurons of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion and conductance-based models of these neurons, we identified effects of electrical coupling on the measurement of leak and voltage-gated outward currents, as well as synaptic potentials. Experimental measurements showed that both leak and voltage-gated outward currents are recruited by gap junctions from neurons coupled to the clamped cell. Nevertheless, in spite of the strong coupling between these neurons, the errors made in estimating voltage-gated conductance parameters were relatively minor (<10%). Thus in many cases isolation of coupled neurons may not be required if a small degree of measurement error of the voltage-gated currents or the synaptic potentials is acceptable. Modeling results show, however, that such errors may be as high as 20% if the gap-junction position is near the recording site or as high as 90% when measuring smaller voltage-gated ionic currents. Paradoxically, improved space clamp increases the errors arising from electrical coupling because voltage control across gap junctions is poor for even the highest realistic coupling conductances. Furthermore, the common procedure of leak subtraction can add an extra error to the conductance measurement, the sign of which depends on the maximal conductance.

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Sequeira, César A. C., e Diogo M. F. Santos. "Current-Voltage Measurements on Indium Phosphide Schottky Diodes". Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (marzo 2009): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.577.

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In this paper, current-voltage (i-Vg) results from different kinds of n-type InP Schottky diodes are reported. The diodes were fabricated on an unintentionally doped n-type (100) indium phosphide substrate, and the i-Vg characteristics were measured in the temperature range 100 300 K. For the ideality factor, n always exhibited a small (1) but continuous increase with the voltage. At higher forward voltage, slightly higher values of n were due to series resistance effect; in other words, the interface state density always remained small. However, it was possible to obtain some information in the case of discrete interface traps. It was shown that i-Vg measurements can be used as a fast method to determine the densities of the interface states when they equilibrate with the semiconductor.

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14

Rey, C. M., e R. C. Duckworth. "Current-Voltage Measurements in a 2G YBCO Coil". IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 17, n. 2 (giugno 2007): 2278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2007.899052.

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15

Atac, M., K. Arndt, B. Gobbi, S. Los, N. Parashar, G. Sellberg e E. Spencer. "Leakage current measurements of high voltage ceramic capacitors". Journal of Instrumentation 1, n. 08 (11 agosto 2006): T08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/1/08/t08001.

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16

Guimarães, R. B., M. Mir, M. A. Continentino, J. C. Fernandes, M. B. Fontes, E. S. Yugue, E. Baggio-Saitovitch, A. M. Moreira e N. L. Speziali. "Current–voltage and X-ray measurements in Fe3O2BO3". Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 226-230 (maggio 2001): 1983–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(00)01090-8.

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17

Larios López, Marisol, Jose Antonio Gutierrez-Gnecchi, José L. Ramírez Reyes, Adriana del Carmen Téllez Anguiano e Juan Carlos González-Hernández. "Voltage Controlled Current Source for Atmospheric Corrosion Measurements". ECS Transactions 36, n. 1 (16 dicembre 2019): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3660609.

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18

Fell, Christopher J. "Standardising current–voltage measurements for metastable solar cells". Journal of Physics: Energy 2, n. 1 (10 dicembre 2019): 011002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ab55cc.

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19

Ruden, P. P., D. C. Engelhardt, R. A. Walterson e M. K. Hibbs‐Brenner. "Current versus voltage measurements on GaAs doping superlattices". Journal of Applied Physics 62, n. 6 (15 settembre 1987): 2401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339473.

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20

Sarkar, Arup, e K. A. Suresh. "Tunnelling Current Measurements Using Current Sensing Atomic Force Microscope". Material Science Research India 17, Issue 1 (11 aprile 2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/170109.

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To realise the miniaturised devices, the precise measurement of nanoscale tunnelling current in ultrathin films is of utmost importance. For the nanoscale current measurements, current sensing atomic force microscope (CSAFM) is one of the most powerful tool. CSAFM allows to map the current distribution on the film surface and it permits to perform current measurements as a function of applied bias voltage. It has turned out to be crucial for studies of organic films. In CSAFM, a physical contact is made on film with a precise control of the applied force in nanonewton (nN) range. For the preparation of ultrathin film, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique is known to provide a uniform film with a good control over the thickness in the molecular level. In the last two decades, there have been many CSAFM studies for the tunnelling current measurements. This review is intended to cover the literature on the tunnelling current measurements using CSAFM.

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21

Daputra, Mamal, e Zulwisli Zulwisli. "SIX-STEP INVERTER UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN MOTOR 3 FASA ARUS SEARAH TANPA SIKAT BERBASIS ARDUINO". Voteteknika (Vocational Teknik Elektronika dan Informatika) 7, n. 4 (28 gennaio 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/voteteknika.v7i4.106377.

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This research is motivated by the many needs in the use of electric motors. Electric motors with DC voltages that are often used today are less effective and efficient because of the use of brushes that will run out when used. To overcome the weaknesses of this DC motor, then used Brushless Direct current Motor (MASTS). MASTS is a three phase AC motor. In a fixed application, a three phase AC voltage source can be used directly. In a mobile application, it takes an AC voltage sourced from a DC voltage. For this reason, an inverter is designed to convert DC voltage into three phase AC. The method in controlling MASTS is a six-step inverter that is changing the DC voltage to AC voltage in the form of a box or trapezoid. This inverter uses MOSFET IRF3205 and Arduino microcontroller. To find out the performance of the inverter, MOSFET driver voltage measurements, measurement of the output current, and measurement of the resulting MASTS speed. From the measurement results, when the voltage is increased the current in the circuit and the speed of the MASTS will increase. Keywords: Inverter, MASTS, Phase, Six-Step.

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22

Hrbac, Roman, Vaclav Kolar, Mikolaj Bartlomiejczyk, Tomas Mlcak, Petr Orsag e Jakub Vanc. "A Development of a Capacitive Voltage Divider for High Voltage Measurement as Part of a Combined Current and Voltage Sensor". Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 26, n. 4 (7 agosto 2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.26.4.25888.

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This article deals with the development of capacitive voltage divider for high voltage measurements and presents a method of analysis and optimization of its parameters. This divider is a part of a combined voltage and current sensor for measurements in high voltage power networks. The sensor allows continuous monitoring of the network distribution status and performs a quick diagnosis and location of possible network failures. Deployment of these devices will support semi-autonomous control of power networks and it can be considered as a step from traditional power grids toward smart grids. This is a worldwide trend connected with increasing number of renewable energy sources and plug-in electric vehicles as described in. In this way, it contributes to the reliability of the distribution network. Together with automated control techniques and fault location methods, it enables its self-healing capability. The following characteristics required for the sensor include: current measurement error up to 2 %, voltage measurement error up to 0.5 %, and power measurement error up to 5 %. At the same time, it is necessary that the sensor is cost-effective - relatively cheap. There were selected capacitors made in series production for the capacitive divider designing. The capacitive voltage divider was tested in terms of time and temperature stability; the results are described in the paper. Then, the method of mathematical correction of a temperature dependence of the capacitive voltage divider was suggested and tested.

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23

Karimi, Mazaher, Mohammad Farshad, Qiteng Hong, Hannu Laaksonen e Kimmo Kauhaniemi. "An Islanding Detection Technique for Inverter-Based Distributed Generation in Microgrids". Energies 14, n. 1 (29 dicembre 2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010130.

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This article proposes a new passive islanding detection technique for inverter-based distributed generation (DG) in microgrids based on local synchrophasor measurements. The proposed method utilizes the voltage and current phasors measured at the DG connection point (point of connection, PoC). In this paper, the rate of change of voltages and the ratio of the voltage and current magnitudes (VoI index) at the PoC are monitored using micro-phasor measurement units. The developed local measurements based decentralized islanding detection technique is based on the VoI index in order to detect any kind of utility grid frequency fluctuations or oscillations and distinguishing them from islanding condition. The simulation studies confirm that the proposed scheme is accurate, robust, fast, and simple to implement for inverter-based DGs.

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NOLASCO, JAIRO C., ALEJANDRA CASTRO-CARRANZA, BENJAMÍN IÑIGUEZ, JOSEP PALLARÈS e MAGALI ESTRADA. "ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF P3HT (POLY [3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE])/n-TYPE CRYSTALLINE SILICON (n-c-Si) SOLAR CELLS". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 20, n. 04 (dicembre 2011): 749–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156411007033.

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Au / P 3 HT (poly [3-hexylthiophene])/n-type crystalline silicon ( n - c - Si ) solar cells have been fabricated. The Aluminum back contact is obtained by evaporation on silicon substrate. An 80 nm P 3 HT layer thick was spin-coated on silicon substrate followed by thermal annealing. Finally golden contacts are deposited by sputtering. The best characteristics of this flawed solar cell are: V oc =0.47 V , I sc =7.42 mA / cm 2 and an efficiency of 1.29%. The area of this device is 0.07 cm2. In order to get a deep understanding of the electrical properties of the heterojunction, capacitance-voltage and current-voltage-temperature measurements have been made. A compact electrical equivalent circuit has been used to describe the dark current-voltage characteristics. It is based on the combination of two exponential mechanisms, shunt and series resistances and space-charge limited current terms. From the temperature dependence of the extracted parameters we can obtain the limiting conduction mechanism. We found that the polymeric layer limits the current not only at low voltages, through Multi-Tunneling Capture Emission, but also at high voltages, through series resistance and Space-Charge Limited Current. On the other hand, the Silicon wafer limits the current at medium voltages, through the diffusion mechanism. In addition, the model is useful to estimate the open circuit voltage and built in voltage of the solar cell using only dark current voltage measurements.

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Bassan, Fabio R., Joao B. Rosolem, Claudio Floridia, Bruno N. Aires, Rodrigo Peres, Javier F. Aprea, Carlos Alexandre M. Nascimento e Fabiano Fruett. "Power-over-Fiber LPIT for Voltage and Current Measurements in the Medium Voltage Distribution Networks". Sensors 21, n. 2 (14 gennaio 2021): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020547.

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In this work, we present the design, laboratory tests, and the field trial results of a power-over-fiber (PoF) low power instrument transformer (LPIT) for voltage and current measurements in the medium voltage distribution networks. The new proposed design of this power-over-fiber LPIT aims to overcome the drawbacks presented by the previous technologies, such as the continuous operation (measuring and data transmission) for a wide current range conducted in the medium voltage transmission lines, damage due to lightning strikes, accuracy dependency on vibration, position and temperatures. The LPIT attends the accuracy criteria of IEC 61869-10 and IEC 61869-11 in terms of current and voltage accuracy and it attends the practical criteria adopted by Utilities companies including voltage measurements without removing the coating of the covered conductors. The PoF based LPIT was developed to be applied at 11.9 kV, 13.8 kV, and 23.0 kV phase-to-phase nominal voltages, and in two current ranges 1.25–30 A and 37.5–900 A. The digital data transmission of current, voltage, and temperature from the sensing unit to the processing unit uses a special synchronism technique and it is performed by two 62.5 µm multimode fibers in 850 nm. The optical powering in 976 nm is also performed by one 62.5 µm multimode fiber from the processing unit to the sensor unit. We presented all details of the sensor design and its laboratory characterization in terms of accuracy and temperature correction. We also presented the results of field tests of the sensor made in two different conditions: in a standard distribution network and an experimental hybrid fiber/power distribution network. We believe that these studies aim to incorporate optical fiber and devices, digital technologies, communications systems in electrical systems driving their evolution.

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Onwona-Agyeman, Boateng, Yong Sun e Hayami Hattori. "Charge transport measurements in compressed bulk graphene oxide". International Journal of Materials Research 111, n. 7 (1 agosto 2020): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2020-1110704.

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Abstract Charge transport measurements in compressed bulk graphene oxide (GO) have been studied within the temperature range 15-450 K. Structural properties and surface morphologies of the bulk compressed GO were studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were also used to confirm the presence of graphitic phases and the various functional groups in the GO, respectively. Current-voltage characteristics of the GO measured with gold (Au) electrodes at different temperatures showed no Schottky barrier at the Au/GO interface. At low temperatures and low bias voltages, the electron transport through the compressed GO sample showed no significant voltage dependence, which is consistent with a direct tunneling mechanism at all the bias voltages (0.01 -1.0 V). It was also observed that no Fowler- Nordheim transport mechanism occurred within this bias voltage range.

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Mann, B., e G. Heydt. "Noncollocated Voltage and Current Measurements Used to Obtain Power". IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 21, n. 4 (novembre 2006): 1972–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2006.883684.

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Coffeen, L., e J. McBride. "High voltage AC resistive current measurements using a compu". IEEE Power Engineering Review 11, n. 4 (aprile 1991): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1991.88838.

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Gerteisen, D., W. Mérida, T. Kurz, P. Lupotto, M. Schwager e C. Hebling. "Spatially Resolved Voltage, Current and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Measurements". Fuel Cells 11, n. 2 (23 marzo 2011): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fuce.201000181.

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Ries, G., H. W. Neumuller e W. Schmidt. "Voltage-current characteristic in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8from transport and magnetization measurements". Superconductor Science and Technology 5, n. 1S (1 gennaio 1992): S81—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/5/1s/013.

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Xie, Fei, Roland Weiss e Robert Weigel. "Giant-Magnetoresistance-Based Galvanically Isolated Voltage and Current Measurements". IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 64, n. 8 (agosto 2015): 2048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2440553.

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Lawrence, David, John S. Donnal e Steven Leeb. "Current and Voltage Reconstruction From Non-Contact Field Measurements". IEEE Sensors Journal 16, n. 15 (agosto 2016): 6095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2016.2574245.

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Al-Qutayri, Mahmoud A., e Peter R. Shepherd. "Application of Dynamic Supply Current Monitoring to Testing Mixed-Signal Circuits". VLSI Design 5, n. 3 (1 gennaio 1997): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/47423.

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This paper applies the time-domain testing technique and compares the effectiveness of transient voltage and dynamic power supply current measurements in detecting faults in CMOS mixed-signal circuits. The voltage and supply current (iDDT) measurements are analyzed by three methods to detect the presence of a fault, and to establish which measurement achieves higher confidence in the detection. Catastrophic, soft and stuck-at single fault conditions were introduced to the circuit-under-test (CUT). The time-domain technique tests a mixed-signal CUT in a unified fashion, thereby eliminating the need to partition the CUT into separate analogue and digital modules.

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GIUSI, G., N. DONATO, C. CIOFI e F. CRUPI. "A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRACTING THE MOSFET THRESHOLD VOLTAGE USING NOISE MEASUREMENTS". Fluctuation and Noise Letters 04, n. 04 (dicembre 2004): L643—L649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477504002282.

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In this work we propose a new technique for the evaluation of the threshold voltage of MOS transistors based on the measurement of the channel thermal noise. Since this new method allows the evaluation of the threshold voltage without any current flowing through the channel, it inherently eliminates the limitations coming from the need of using too approximate models for the interpretation of current-voltage measurements in MOS devices. The results of actual measurements on p-channel MOSFETs are reported that confirm the validity and the significance of the proposed approach.

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35

Srinivasan, K., C. Lafond e R. Jutras. "Short-circuit current estimation from measurements of voltage and current during disturbances". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 33, n. 4 (1997): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.605749.

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36

Aized, D., J. W. Haddad, C. H. Joshi, L. F. Goodrich e A. N. Srivastava. "Comparing the accuracy of critical-current measurements using the voltage-current simulator". IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 30, n. 4 (luglio 1994): 2014–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.305662.

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37

CHOHAN, M. H., A. H. KHALID, M. ZULFIQAR, P. K. BUTT, FARAH KHAN e RIZWAN HUSSAIN. "ELECTRON TRANSPORT MECHANISM IN COBALT POLYMETHACRYLATE (CoPMA)". Modern Physics Letters B 05, n. 29 (20 dicembre 1991): 1933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798499100232x.

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Electron transport mechanisms in cobalt polymethacrylate have been investigated. The electrical measurements made on the polymer, show that the current-voltage relationship at lower voltages (V<300 V) is ohmic whereas at higher voltages it is exponential. The strong temperature dependence of current on voltage indicates the dominance of a Poole-Frenkel mechanism and the existence of trapping levels. Low activation energy values suggest an electronic conduction mechanism.

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38

Fam, W. Z. "A novel transducer to replace current and voltage transformers in high-voltage measurements". IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 45, n. 1 (1996): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.481333.

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39

Dos Santos, O., V. Mathet, C. Fau, S. Charar e M. Averous. "Pb/p-PbSe junction: An investigation of current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements". Solid-State Electronics 39, n. 6 (giugno 1996): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(95)00398-3.

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40

Christoforou, N., J. D. Leslie e S. Damaskinos. "Current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and capacitance-temperature measurements on CdS/CuInSe2 solar cells". Solar Cells 26, n. 3 (marzo 1989): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6787(89)90082-3.

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41

Chen, Tu Pei, Man Siu Tse, Chang Qing Sun e Steve Fung. "Post-Breakdown Conduction Instability of Ultrathin SiO2Films Observed in Ramped-Current and Ramped-Voltage Current–Voltage Measurements". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 41, Part 1, No. 5A (15 maggio 2002): 3047–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.41.3047.

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42

Xiu, Wanjing, e Yuan Liao. "Fault Location for Transmission Lines with Voltage and Current Measurements at One Bus". International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2014): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0071.

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Abstract This paper presents a novel fault location method for transmission lines. The proposed method extends an existing method to locate faults by employing voltage and current measurements at one bus, which can be the bus of the faulted line or be far away from the faulted line. The method is applicable if a loop exists that encloses the faulted line, and the bus, of which the voltage is used, and the branch, of which the current is used. The during-fault positive-sequence bus impedance matrix is derived. Then superimposed voltages and currents due to the fault are expressed as a function of fault location and related transfer and driving point impedances. Consequently, the fault location can be evaluated using the obtained measurements. The distributed parameter line model is adopted to consider the shunt capacitances of the line. The proposed method is independent of fault resistance and fault type. Simulation studies have been carried out based on a 27-bus power system, and promising results have been achieved.

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43

Dikun, Jelena, e Emel Onal. "Coherence and time-frequency analysis of impulse voltage and current measurements". Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 26, n. 2 (13 aprile 2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2015/v26i2a2207.

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The aim of this paper is to point out the advantages of the use of the time-frequency analysis in the digital processing of waveforms recorded in high voltage impulse tests. Impulse voltage tests are essential to inspect and test insulation integrity of high voltage apparatus. On the other hand, generated impulse currents are used for different test applications such as investigation of high current effects, electromagnetic interference (EMI) testing, etc. Obtained voltage and current waveforms usually have some sort of interferences originated from the different sources. These interferences have to be removed from the original impulse data in order to evaluate the waveform characteristics precisely. When the interference level is high enough, it might not be possible to distinguish signal parameters from the recorded data. Conventional filtering methods cannot be useful for some interference like white noise. In that case, time-frequency filtering methods might be necessary. In this study, the wavelet analysis, which is a powerful time-frequency signal processing tool, is used to recognize the noise of impulse current and voltage data. Thus, the noise sources can be determined by short time Fourier Transform, and a coherence approach is used to determine the bandwidth of noises.

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44

Urban, Radovan, Robert A. Wolkow e Jason L. Pitters. "Evaluating Angular Ion Current Density for Atomically Defined Nanotips". Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, n. 5 (10 luglio 2014): 1514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614001627.

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AbstractIn this paper we investigate methods to characterize angular current density from atomically defined gas field ion sources. We show that the ion beam emitted from a single apex atom is described by a two-dimensional Gaussian profile. Owing to the Gaussian shape of the beam and the requirement to collect the majority of the ion current, fixed apertures have inhomogeneous illumination. Therefore, angular current density measurements through a fixed aperture record averaged angular current density. This makes comparison of data difficult as averaged angular current density depends on aperture size. For the same reasons, voltage normalization cannot be performed for fixed aperture measurements except for aperture sizes that are infinitely small. Consistent determination of angular current density and voltage normalization, however, can be achieved if the beam diameter as well as total ion current are known. In cases where beam profile cannot be directly imaged with a field ion microscope, the beam profile could be extracted from measurements taken at multiple acceleration voltages and/or with multiple aperture sizes.

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45

Anokhin, Yu L., e О. М. Velychko. "RESEARCH OF METROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STATE PRIMARY STANDARD OF UNIT OF SCALING FACTOR OF AC VOLTAGE TO 750/√3 kV". Key title Zbìrnik naukovih pracʹ Odesʹkoï deržavnoï akademìï tehnìčnogo regulûvannâ ta âkostì -, n. 2(17) (2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32684/2412-5288-2020-2-17-22-27.

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The article is devoted to the results of research of metrological characteristics of the newly created State primary standard of the unit of scaling factor of alternating current (AC) voltage up to 750/√3 kV. Until 2019, there was no metrological support for ultra-high voltage measurements in Ukraine. From 2016 to 2019, the State Enterprise "Ukrmetrteststandard" carried out research work on the development of the state primary standard unit of scaling factor of AC for ultra-high voltage. The created standard became the basis for metrological support of measurement of ultrahigh voltages of alternating current. The standard using for calibration of precision ultra-high voltage measuring transformers in the energy sector of the national economy. The created standard consists of a set of high-precision measuring instruments and is stored in a specially equipped laboratory. For reproduction and keeping of unit of scaling factor of AC voltage the method of comparison of currents with use of the bridge of AC and two measuring condensers is used. The article analyzes the conditions of keeping and using of the newly created standard, methods of measurement and reproduction of the unit of scaling factor of AC voltage. The results of the study of metrological characteristics of the standard are presented, which confirmed the characteristics regulated for the standard.

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46

Liang, Hai Feng, Xiao Lei Yu, Ding Hui Shen, Jing Zhang e Cheng Shan Wang. "Branch-Current Algorithm Based Three-Phase State Estimation in Distribution System". Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (dicembre 2013): 1963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1963.

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This paper presents a branch-current distribution system state estimation algorithm considering zero-injection constraints. The algorithm takes the branch-current amplitude and phase angle as state variables, considering current-amplitude measurement easily without measurements conversion and makes full use of voltage amplitude measurements, power measurements and current measurements. In order to improve the robust performance of algorithm, exponential function is adopted as the objective function in this paper. The paper takes simulation test to verify the algorithm correctly and effectively on improved IEEE 34 nodes system.

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47

Bakerenkov, A. S. "An Automatic Equipment for Measure of Electrical Characteristics of Nanoelectronic Devices". Advanced Materials Research 1083 (gennaio 2015): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1083.211.

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Abstract (sommario):

An automatic equipment for measurement of voltage-current characteristic of semiconductor devices was described. The technique for precision voltage setting, which enables to obtain ±1mV accuracy in ±10V range, was described. Logarithmic current sensors were used for measurements of the current and calibration technique of the sensors was presented. It provides relative accuracy 1% in wide current range (0,1nA..10mA).

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48

Veinović, Slavko, Žarko Janda, Đorđe Stojić, Jasna Dragosavac, Dušan Joksimović, Ilija Klasnić e Milan Đorđević. "Load angle estimation of synchronous generator". Zbornik radova Elektrotehnicki institut Nikola Tesla 30, n. 30 (2020): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zeint30-29158.

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In this paper a load angle estimation method of round rotor synchronous generator is presented, for load angle limiter in AVR systems design purpose. To get information of load angle, it is necessary to have values of the one terminal voltage, one phase current and q-axis reactance Xq. Mentioned values are acquired by synchronous sampling technique and processed by discrete Fourier transformation. The accuracy of presented method highly depends on quality of zero-crossing detection of the input voltage signal and on the calculation estimation of the fundamental frequency. This method is of reduced sensitivity to higher harmonics presence contence in voltages and current waveforms. Another advantage, when compared to other dq or ab based calculations estimations, is the necessity of use only two measurement channels. Drawback of described approach is lack of immunity to current asymmetry. However, a solution to overcome this problem is offered by introducing the additional measurements into the algorithm to extract the synchronous sampled direct components of all three phase currents.

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49

Feil, Maximilian W., Andreas Huerner, Katja Puschkarsky, Christian Schleich, Thomas Aichinger, Wolfgang Gustin, Hans Reisinger e Tibor Grasser. "The Impact of Interfacial Charge Trapping on the Reproducibility of Measurements of Silicon Carbide MOSFET Device Parameters". Crystals 10, n. 12 (16 dicembre 2020): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121143.

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Silicon carbide is an emerging material in the field of wide band gap semiconductor devices. Due to its high critical breakdown field and high thermal conductance, silicon carbide MOSFET devices are predestined for high-power applications. The concentration of defects with short capture and emission time constants is higher than in silicon technologies by orders of magnitude which introduces threshold voltage dynamics in the volt regime even on very short time scales. Measurements are heavily affected by timing of readouts and the applied gate voltage before and during the measurement. As a consequence, device parameter determination is not as reproducible as in the case of silicon technologies. Consequent challenges for engineers and researchers to measure device parameters have to be evaluated. In this study, we show how the threshold voltage of planar and trench silicon carbide MOSFET devices of several manufacturers react on short gate pulses of different lengths and voltages and how they influence the outcome of application-relevant pulsed current-voltage characteristics. Measurements are performed via a feedback loop allowing in-situ tracking of the threshold voltage with a measurement delay time of only 1 μs. Device preconditioning, recently suggested to enable reproducible BTI measurements, is investigated in the context of device parameter determination by varying the voltage and the length of the preconditioning pulse.

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50

Ivon, Alexander, Valery Istushkin, Yuri Rybka e Sergey Savran. "PROCESSING OF THE DIGITAL IMAGES OF ANALOGOUS OSCILLOGRAMS AT PULSED MEASUREMENTS". System technologies 1, n. 126 (27 marzo 2020): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-1-126-2020-06.

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A program for processing the digital images of analog oscillograms at pulsed measurements of the current-voltage characteristics of semiconductor materials and devices in the region of high electric currents is presented. The processing of digital images in this program bases on scanning of coordinates and allows measuring the instantaneous voltages and currents with a relative error of no more than 1%. The program is created using the languages HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript and Canvas technology. The software environment for program run is the Internet browser.

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