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Veliz Uribe, J., M. Ugalde, and C. Pastén. "Three Forms of Intuition in Eugène Minkowski." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1300.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
IntroductionEugène Minkowski is one of the great authors of structural phenomenological psychiatry. However, it has stressed only its influence on the study of schizophrenia, however, the scope of its investigations is much coarser, while addresses issues that attempt to illuminate the way they are set life and humans.ObjectivesIt is interesting to pose as the author emphasizes the importance of intuition, on more than one level, giving an epistemologically worthy rank in the constitution of the self (soi-même), in psychopathology and even in the ontology.AimsIt is shown that in Minkowski research on intuition it appears as a study of a symptom called autism, as a psychopathological diagnostic method called empathy, and even as an ontological understanding that purpose of the study time.MethodsReconstruction of the uses of the notion of intuition in the work of Minkowski.ResultsThree ways clearly appear in different planes but complementary, pointing not only to a clinical trial, but take a glimpse metaphysical aspects.ConclusionsThe conclusions aimed are highlighting how Minkowski think intuition not only as a dignified way to understand the suffering, or establish a knowledge, but necessary for a clinic and even an approximation of what we are.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Proietti, Pamela W. "Maritain on Human Dignity and Human Rights." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 21, no. 1 (2009): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2009211/26.
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December 2008 marked the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, arguably the single most important and influential document endorsed by the United Nations. Jacques Maritain was a primary author of the religious liberty clauses ofthe 1948 Declaration, and the most prominent Christian philosopher ofthe twentieth century. Maritain developed a radical critique of prevailing Westem political and social thought. A persuasive critic of secular humanism and legal positivism, Maritain sought a cultural renewal of Christian Europe by means of rediscovering an integral Christian humanism. This essay explores the central ideas in Maritain's philosophical defense of universal human rights. Maritain placed the philosophical foundation of human rights in natural law, and assumed the existence of a "natural spirituality of intelligence" grasped by a connatural, pre-philosophic intuition. Yet Pope Benedict XVI challenges the central philosophical assumptions at the foundation of Maritain's defense of human rights.
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Konovalova, Olga. "Art project to Kiev hills " Fictitious Gallery Expedition " as a unique declaration of freedom of artistic practice." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (July 24, 2015): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2014vol2.641.
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This article is dedicated to analysis of the Kiev artists' art project "Fiction Gallery Expedition" ("FGE"). The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of understanding the artistic creativity freedom by summarizing the results of art review and by studying existence of objects in society. Relevance of the study is in presentation of poorly studied phenomenon of Kiev artistic sphere of the end of XX and beginning of the ХХI century. Study of the question of creativity freedom will reveal the distinction between bias of the contemporary artist and occasional manifestations of freedom, teetering on the edge of legality. The concept of "artistic freedom" in art has almost always been regulated by certain conditions, starting with the exhibition space and ending with social, moral and ethical laws. In this study, the author finds no limits of creativity determined by the courage, deep intuition of the artistic nature, rational and audacious embodiment of design into the unique landscape of Kiev.
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Donald A. Martin. "Gödel's Conceptual Realism." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 11, no. 2 (2005): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/bsl/1120231631.
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Kurt Gödel is almost as famous—one might say “notorious”—for his extreme platonist views as he is famous for his mathematical theorems. Moreover his platonism is not a myth; it is well-documented in his writings. Here are two platonist declarations about set theory, the first from his paper about Bertrand Russell and the second from the revised version of his paper on the Continuum Hypotheses.Classes and concepts may, however, also be conceived as real objects, namely classes as “pluralities of things” or as structures consisting of a plurality of things and concepts as the properties and relations of things existing independently of our definitions and constructions.It seems to me that the assumption of such objects is quite as legitimate as the assumption of physical bodies and there is quite as much reason to believe in their existence.But, despite their remoteness from sense experience, we do have something like a perception also of the objects of set theory, as is seen from the fact that the axioms force themselves upon us as being true. I don't see any reason why we should have less confidence in this kind of perception, i.e., in mathematical intuition, than in sense perception.The first statement is a platonist declaration of a fairly standard sort concerning set theory. What is unusual in it is the inclusion of concepts among the objects of mathematics. This I will explain below. The second statement expresses what looks like a rather wild thesis.
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Keshvari, F., Z. Rezvani, F. Ghassemi, and H. Pouretemad. "Temporal correlates of intuition and cognitive control in moral decision, making in different social contexts." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.229.
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In the stream of flurry of publications grappling different paradigms to tackle underlying mechanisms of moral decision-making, EVENT RELATED POTENtial (ERP) studies is beginning to explore psychophysiological components in the moral domain, focused on observing various moral behaviors in the experimental situations. This research was aimed at providing a new method of study investigating neural correlates of subjective moral decision-making in which we hypothesize that the social congruent or in-congruent context, could emerge a salience brain response in intuitive or cognitive control related responses toward moral dilemmas. Electrophysiological data were recorded from the scalp a 32-channel recording system complying with the international 10–20 system. The average N2 (175–300 ms) and LPP (300–600 ms) amplitude and latency were measured after the onset of putative counterpart response. Repeated measure ANOVA revealed that there was a difference between congruent versus in-congruent social response to high conflict scenarios in LPP amplitude in right lateral and frontal electrodes F(4, 174) = 5.812, P < 0.001 (Fig. 1). The findings also, suggest that N2 latency in less conflict moral scenarios may appear earlier compared with high conflict moral scenarios during in congruent social response in frontal electrodes especially left area F(3, 174) = 3.013, P < 0.05 (Fig. 2, figures are not available for this abstract). In conclusion, these results were either extend previous neurophysiological findings on classic moral scenarios and consistent with the notion that right hemisphere would be much more representative of cognitive control process during high conflict moral decision-making, while left frontal electrodes engaged in early intuitive process.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Veliz Uribe, J., M. Ugalde, and P. Catrifil. "Relations Between Minkowski and Levinas, a Look Beyond the Phenomenology in the Construction of the Psyche." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1299.
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IntroductionBoth Minkowski and Levinas introduced in France phenomenological thinking, psychopathology and metaphysics, respectively.ObjectivesIt is in this context that interested raise the similarities and differences in relation to the study of time these authors in their link to the construction of the self (soi-même).AimsBoth authors take up the relevance of temporality in the construction of the psychic, overtaking Husserl's phenomenology, the distinction between thinking and intuition discursive and theoretical thinking and sensitivity.MethodsComparative analysis of the problem of time and its relation to the psyche, Le temps vécu of Minkowski, Autrement qu’être of Levinas.ResultsYou can set a break with Husserl's phenomenology, inspired by the philosophy of Bergson, based on the living back in the studio. At the same time, among the authors reviewed, there is an irreconcilable discrepancy in the notions of activity and passivity in relation to the construction of the self (soi-même).ConclusionsPhenomenology applied to the psychic needs to return to its original inspiration to go beyond a methodological rigid reading, which ends up betraying its spirit, which leads her to forget the living world in its complexity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Denis, J., and S. Hendrick. "Evaluation of experts’ clinical practice in crisis unit and psychiatric emergency technical and therapeutic principles to better intervene." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S562—S563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.818.
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IntroductionClinical practice in emergency room and crisis unit is often fraught with pitfalls (Immediate demands, accelerated temporality, difficulties working with family and care network). This practice contains specific clinical therapeutic interventions based on recognized theoretical frameworks. These theoretical frameworks constitute “formal knowledge”. They help to diagnose but have got limitations. In fact, clinical competence requires also technical and interpersonal skills (“know-how”) as well as reasoning skills and clinical intuition (“Informal knowledge”). All these knowledge and skills are built over clinical experience based on trainings and supervisions, continued clinical reasoning and exchanges with colleagues.ObjectivesOur research aims to capture therapeutic processes in clinical crisis intervention by illustrating what experts really do in their clinical practice and above all, how they do.AimsOur study illustrates several crisis situations, moment-by-moment, by analyzed experts’ voices.MethodOur method is grounded in a first person epistemology and used a qualitative methodology focused on explicitation interview. Ten crisis interviews were analyzed in a micro and macro perception.ResultsOur research based on experts’ voices has identified a series of therapeutic techniques and principles who are essential to better intervene in clinical crisis intervention. A model of intervention was developed to train debutant clinician.ConclusionWe believe that reflexivity is a powerful attitude to understand and transform practices in a lasting way.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Rodzinski, P., A. Ostachowska, K. Cyranka, et al. "Neurotic personality dysfunctions as factors predisposing for reacting with suicidal ideation to intensive psychotherapy." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S408—S409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.341.
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IntroductionIdentifying patients’ risk of reacting with suicidal ideation (SI) to psychotherapy is an important clinical problem that calls for empirical verification.ObjectivesAnalysis of associations between patients’ initial neurotic personality dysfunctions not accompanied by SI and emergence of SI at the end of a course of intensive psychotherapy conducted in integrative approach with predominance of psychodynamic approach in a day hospital.MethodsNeurotic Personality Questionnaire KON-2006 and Life Inventory were completed by 680 patients at the time of admission to a psychotherapeutic day hospital due to neurotic, behavioral or personality disorders. Symptom Checklist KO “O” as a source of information about emergence of SI was completed both at the admission and at the end of the treatment. Among 466 patients without SI at the admission, in 4% SI occurred at the end of the treatment.ResultsA number of neurotic personality dysfunctions (demeanors declared) that significantly predisposed to SI emergence at the end of the treatment were found: physical aggression against close ones (P < 0.001), grandiose fantasies (P = 0.043), tendencies to resignation (P = 0.022) and resignation-related feeling of loss of life opportunities (P = 0.037), tendency to follow predominantly ones intuition (P = 0.035).ConclusionsIn patients who declared the above-mentioned demeanors increased risk of SI emergence than in others (10–30% vs. 4%) indicate that there are particular vulnerable areas of neurotic personality that require especially careful approach during intensive psychotherapy–dealing with those areas may result in distress or anxiety that may lead to SI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Wotley, Duncan. "A PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF AN ENGLISH TEACHER IN JAPAN ON LANGUAGE, TACIT KNOWLEDGE AND LANGUAGE EDUCATION." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 2, no. 2 (2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss2pp127-138.
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This paper follows the path of my research into intuitions about language and linguistic knowledge as an English language teacher based in Australia in Japan. I describe how my curiosity about these intuitions grew out of an inability to reconcile the relevance of pedagogical research, applied linguistics, and linguistics with the day-to-day language tasks involved in English language teaching. This gravitated toward an interest in judgment about natural language and the revision of anomalous sentences created naturally or with the assistance of machine translation. I note that teachers and learners generally adopt an intuitive and pragmatic approach to text judgment, commentary about text and text reformulation. I hope to engage readers from other cultures and education backgrounds, so that we share our perspectives, experiences and assumptions about tacit knowledge or intuitions about language.Keywords: Tacit knowledge, implicit knowledge, procedural knowledge explicit knowledge, declarative knowledgeCite as: Wotley, D. (2017). A personal narrative of an English teacher in Japan on language, tacit knowledge and language education. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 127-138.
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González de Prado, Salas Javier. "Relativism and the expressivist bifurcation." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 48, no. 3-4 (2018): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2017.1392833.
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AbstractTraditional expressivists want to preserve a contrast between the representational use of declarative sentences in descriptive domains and the non-representational use of declarative sentences in other areas of discourse (in particular, normative speech). However, expressivists have good reasons to endorse minimalism about representational notions, and minimalism seems to threaten the existence of such a bifurcation. Thus, there are pressures for expressivists to become global anti-representationalists. In this paper I discuss how to reconstruct in non-representationalist terms the sort of bifurcation traditional expressivists were after. My proposal is that the relevant bifurcation can be articulated by appeal to the contrast between relativistic and non-relativistic assertoric practices. I argue that this contrast, which can be specified without appeal to representational notions, captures the core intuitions behind the expressivist bifurcation (in particular, it captures the anti-realist intuitions motivating many expressivist proposals).
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Smelik, Ruben M., Tim Tutenel, Klaas Jan de Kraker, and Rafael Bidarra. "Declarative Terrain Modeling for Military Training Games." International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/360458.
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Military training instructors increasingly often employ computer games to train soldiers in all sorts of skills and tactics. One of the difficulties instructors face when using games as a training tool is the creation of suitable content, including scenarios, entities, and corresponding terrain models. Terrain plays a key role in many military training games, as for example, in our case game Tactical Air Defense. However, current manual terrain editors are both too complex and too time-consuming to be useful for instructors; automatic terrain generation methods show a lot of potential, but still lack user control and intuitive editing capabilities. We present a novel way for instructors to model terrain for their training games: instead of constructing a terrain model using complex modeling tools, instructors can declare the required properties of their terrain using an advanced sketching interface. Our framework integrates terrain generation methods and manages dependencies between terrain features in order to automatically create a complete 3D terrain model that matches the sketch. With our framework, instructors can easily design a large variety of terrain models that meet their training requirements.
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Lahav, Ori, Egor Namakonov, Jonas Oberhauser, Anton Podkopaev, and Viktor Vafeiadis. "Making weak memory models fair." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, OOPSLA (2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3485475.
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Liveness properties, such as termination, of even the simplest shared-memory concurrent programs under sequential consistency typically require some fairness assumptions about the scheduler. Under weak memory models, we observe that the standard notions of thread fairness are insufficient, and an additional fairness property, which we call memory fairness, is needed. In this paper, we propose a uniform definition for memory fairness that can be integrated into any declarative memory model enforcing acyclicity of the union of the program order and the reads-from relation. For the well-known models, SC, x86-TSO, RA, and StrongCOH, that have equivalent operational and declarative presentations, we show that our declarative memory fairness condition is equivalent to an intuitive model-specific operational notion of memory fairness, which requires the memory system to fairly execute its internal propagation steps. Our fairness condition preserves the correctness of local transformations and the compilation scheme from RC11 to x86-TSO, and also enables the first formal proofs of termination of mutual exclusion lock implementations under declarative weak memory models.
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Sturm, Christian, Myriel Fichtner, and Stefan Schönig. "Full Support for Efficiently Mining Multi-Perspective Declarative Constraints from Process Logs." Information 10, no. 1 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10010029.
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Declarative process management has emerged as an alternative solution for describing flexible workflows. In turn, the modelling opportunities with languages such as Declare are less intuitive and hard to implement. The area of process discovery covers the automatic discovery of process models. It has been shown that the performance of process mining algorithms, particularly when considering the multi-perspective declarative process models, are not satisfactory. State-of-the-art mining tools do not support multi-perspective declarative models at this moment. We address this open research problem by proposing an efficient mining framework that leverages the latest big data analysis technology and builds upon the distributed processing method MapReduce. The paper at hand further completes the research on multi-perspective declarative process mining by extending our previous work in various ways; in particular, we introduce algorithms and descriptions for the full set of commonly accepted types of MP-Declare constraints. Additionally, we provide a novel implementation concept allowing an easy introduction and discovery of customised constraint templates. We evaluated the mining performance and effectiveness of the presented approach on several real-life event logs. The results highlight that, with our efficient mining technique, multi-perspective declarative process models can be extracted in reasonable time.
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Goguen, Joseph, and Răzvan Diaconescu. "An Oxford survey of order sorted algebra." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 4, no. 3 (1994): 363–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000517.
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This paper surveys several different variants of order sorted algebra (abbreviated OSA), comparing some of the main approaches (overloaded OSA, universe OSA, unified algebra, term declaration algebra, etc.), emphasising motivation and intuitions, and pointing out features that distinguish the original ‘overloaded’ OSA approach from some later developments. These features include sort constraints and retracts; the latter is particularly useful for handling multiple data representations (including automatic coercions among them). Many examples are given, for most of which, runs are shown on the OBJ3 system.This paper also significantly generalises overloaded OSA by dropping the regularity and monotonicity assumptions, and by adding signatures of non-monotonicities, which support simple semantics for some aspects of object oriented programming. A number of new results for this generalisation are proved, including initiality, variety, and quasi-variety theorems. Axiomatisability results à la Birkhoff are also proved for unified algebras.
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Tscholl, Michael, Jason Morphew, and Robb Lindgren. "Inferences on enacted understanding: using immersive technologies to assess intuitive physical science knowledge." Information and Learning Sciences 122, no. 7/8 (2021): 503–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-12-2020-0260.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose This study aims to advance the proposal to use immersive virtual learning environments to stimulate and reveal deep-seated knowledge about science, giving instructors and researchers unique possibilities for assessing and identifying intuitive physical science knowledge. Aside from the ability to present rich and dynamic stimuli, these environments afford bodily enactment of people’s understanding, which draws less from declarative knowledge stores and more from everyday experiences with the physical world. Design/methodology/approach The authors ground their proposal in a critical review of the impact of stimulus and task characteristics of traditional physics inventories. Using a grounded theory approach, the authors present classifications and interpretations of observed bodily enactments of physics understandings in a study where participants enacted their understanding of force and motion of space in an immersive, interactive mixed reality (MR) environment. Findings The authors find that instances of these action categories can be interpreted as relating to underlying knowledge, often identified by other studies. The authors thus replicate a number of prior findings, which provide evidence to establish validation for using MR simulation as a tool for identifying people’s physical intuitions. Research limitations/implications This study targeted only a few specific physical science scenarios. Further, while a number of key insights about student knowledge came from the analysis, many of the observations are mere leads in need of further investigation and interpretation rather than core findings. Originality/value Immersive digital learning environments are primarily used for instruction. The authors propose to use and design them for assessment as well. This paper should prompt more research and development in this direction.
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Koike, Hidekatsu, Kiyoshi Akama, and Hiroshi Mabuchi. "Dynamic Interaction of Syntactic and Semantic Analyses Based on the Equivalent Transformation Computation Model." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 10, no. 3 (2006): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2006.p0302.
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In much conventional natural language processing, syntactic and semantic analyses are executed sequentially, which is inefficient due to computation sequence inflexibility. In this paper, we present system design based on the equivalent transformation computation model to construct natural language understanding that executes integrated syntactic and semantic analyses and generates all correct answers with adequate efficiency. The advantages of using the equivalent transformation include speed, provable correctness, and rule-based intuitive design. Equivalent transformation changes declarative descriptions, each of which represents constraints, one step at a time. Each step is proven to preserve the semantic meaning of a declarative description. We use numerous constraints for formalization and processing sequence is decided dynamically at runtime based on context. We demonstrate flexible processing that reduces the amount of computation by explaining the analysis of a sample Japanese sentence describing a chess move on a chessboard.
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Ilich, L., and M. Naumenko. "INTRODUCTION OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: ACCESSIBILITY AUDIT." Pedagogical education: theory and practice. Psychology. Pedagogy 2, no. 36 (2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2409.2021.367.
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The article highlights the problem of universal design implementation in general secondary education institutions of Ukraine; defined the normative legal act for the implementation of universal design, namely: the Declaration of Human Rights, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child; Convention against Discrimination, World Declaration on Education for All, Salamanca Declaration; conducted analysis of the National Doctrine of Education Development, which states that the creation of conditions for personal development and creative self-realization of every citizen of Ukraine indicates that the modern education system of Ukraine is based on the ideas of humanistic educational paradigm, the essence of which meets the needs of students with modern values, and interaction of participants in the educational process, built on personality-oriented and competency- based approaches; described approaches to defining the concept of “universal design” (the Law of Ukraine on Education defines universal design in education as the design of subjects, environment, educational programs and services, which ensures their maximum suitability for use by all persons without the necessary adaptation or special design). It is noted that the education of Ukraine is undergoing an active transformation through the implementation of the reform of the New Ukrainian School, the concept of which takes into account the principles of universal design such as: equal use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perception of information regardless of user sensory capabilities, tolerance to errors, low level physical effort, availability of the required size and space; highlighted the individual features of students in three areas of activity where the most distinctive personality traits are most pronounced, because for the effective implementation of universal design the teacher must apply an individual approach to each student.
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CAROPRESE, LUCIANO, and MIROSŁAW TRUSZCZYŃSKI. "Active integrity constraints and revision programming." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 11, no. 6 (2010): 905–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068410000475.
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AbstractWe study active integrity constraints and revision programming, two formalisms designed to describe integrity constraints on databases and to specify policies on preferred ways to enforce them. Unlike other more commonly accepted approaches, these two formalisms attempt to provide a declarative solution to the problem. However, the original semantics of founded repairs for active integrity constraints and justified revisions for revision programs differ. Our main goal is to establish a comprehensive framework of semantics for active integrity constraints, to find a parallel framework for revision programs, and to relate the two. By doing so, we demonstrate that the two formalisms proposed independently of each other and based on different intuitions when viewed within a broader semantic framework turn out to be notational variants of each other. That lends support to the adequacy of the semantics we develop for each of the formalisms as the foundation for a declarative approach to the problem of database update and repair. In the paper, we also study computational properties of the semantics we consider and establish results concerned with the concept of the minimality of change and the invariance under the shifting transformation.
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Liu, Yanhong A., and Scott D. Stoller. "Founded semantics and constraint semantics of logic rules." Journal of Logic and Computation 30, no. 8 (2020): 1609–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exaa056.
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Abstract Logic rules and inference are fundamental in computer science and have been studied extensively. However, prior semantics of logic languages can have subtle implications and can disagree significantly, on even very simple programs, including in attempting to solve the well-known Russell’s paradox. These semantics are often non-intuitive and hard-to-understand when unrestricted negation is used in recursion. This paper describes a simple new semantics for logic rules, founded semantics, and its straightforward extension to another simple new semantics, constraint semantics, that unify the core of different prior semantics. The new semantics support unrestricted negation, as well as unrestricted existential and universal quantifications. They are uniquely expressive and intuitive by allowing assumptions about the predicates, rules and reasoning to be specified explicitly, as simple and precise binary choices. They are completely declarative and relate cleanly to prior semantics. In addition, founded semantics can be computed in linear time in the size of the ground program.
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Lestari, Denok. "Verba Ujaran dalam Bahasa Bali." Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 8, no. 2 (2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2018.v08.i02.p08.
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This article analysed Balinese verbs from the study of semantics combining the theories of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) dan speech acts. The analysed verbs in this article were the speech verbs with illocutionary function. Data were collected through note taking and library research. Data were taken from printed resources, books, and the intuition of the researcher as a Balinese native speaker. The method of analysis was descriptive qualitative which classified data, analysed semantic structures of the speech verbs, and described the semantic components to formulate meaning configuration. The result of the analysis showed several speech verbs in Balinese had illocutionary function, including: 1) assertive (ngorahang ‘telling’, nyambatang ‘mention’, nuturang ‘telling’); 2) directive (nunde?n ‘enjoin’, nagih ‘billing’, nuturin ‘advise’); 3) commissive (mejanji ‘promising’, metanje?nan ‘offer’); 4) expressive ngajumang ‘praise’, ngame?lme?l ‘complain’, see ‘blame’, matbat ‘berate’, ngamadakang ‘pray’); and 5) declarative (ngadanin ‘naming’, nombang ‘forbid’).
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Kellman, Philip J., Christine Massey, Zipora Roth, et al. "Perceptual learning and the technology of expertise." Pragmatics and Cognition 16, no. 2 (2008): 356–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.16.2.07kel.
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Learning in educational settings most often emphasizes declarative and procedural knowledge. Studies of expertise, however, point to other, equally important components of learning, especially improvements produced by experience in the extraction of information: Perceptual learning. Here we describe research that combines principles of perceptual learning with computer technology to address persistent difficulties in mathematics learning. We report three experiments in which we developed and tested perceptual learning modules (PLMs) to address issues of structure extraction and fluency in relation to algebra and fractions. PLMs focus students’ learning on recognizing and discriminating, or mapping key structures across different representations or transformations. Results showed significant and persisting learning gains for students using PLMs. PLM technology offers promise for addressing neglected components of learning: Pattern recognition, structural intuition, and fluency. Using PLMs as a complement to other modes of instruction may allow students to overcome chronic problems in learning.
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Kochupillai, Mrinalini, Christoph Lütge, and Franziska Poszler. "Programming Away Human Rights and Responsibilities? “The Moral Machine Experiment” and the Need for a More “Humane” AV Future." NanoEthics 14, no. 3 (2020): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11569-020-00374-4.
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Dilemma situations involving the choice of which human life to save in the case of unavoidable accidents are expected to arise only rarely in the context of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Nonetheless, the scientific community has devoted significant attention to finding appropriate and (socially) acceptable automated decisions in the event that AVs or drivers of AVs were indeed to face such situations. Awad and colleagues, in their now famous paper “The Moral Machine Experiment”, used a “multilingual online ‘serious game’ for collecting large-scale data on how citizens would want AVs to solve moral dilemmas in the context of unavoidable accidents.” Awad and colleagues undoubtedly collected an impressive and philosophically useful data set of armchair intuitions. However, we argue that applying their findings to the development of “global, socially acceptable principles for machine learning” would violate basic tenets of human rights law and fundamental principles of human dignity. To make its arguments, our paper cites principles of tort law, relevant case law, provisions from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and rules from the German Ethics Code for Autonomous and Connected Driving.
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Hetmański, Marek. "Expert Knowledge: Its Structure, Functions and Limits." Studia Humana 7, no. 3 (2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2018-0014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Expert knowledge - a concept associated with Ryle’s distinction of knowledgethat and knowledge-how - functions in distinct areas of knowledge and social expertise. Consisting of both propositional (declarative) and procedural (instrumental) knowledge, expertise is performative in its essence. It depends not only on expert’s experience and cognitive competences, but also on his or her social and institutional position. The paper considers the role of heuristic and intuitional abilities, including particular experts’ cognitive biases, as the vital and indispensable part of expertise. On the basis of selected managerial and juridical examples (procedures, standards, norms and institutional regulations) it analyzes the epistemological issues: the autonomy versus dependence of expert knowledge as well as the influence of social-cognitive circumstances on expertise.
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Bolt, Mikkel. "KONTROLSAMFUND OG KANONBÅDSDIPLOMATI - ET FORSØG PÅ AT ADRESSERE SPØRGSMÅLET OM KOMBINATIONEN AF DECENTRALE NETVÆRK OG SUVERÆNITET EFTER 9/11 MED UDGANGSPUNKT I DELEUZES “POSTSCRIPTUM OM KONTROLSAMFUNDET”." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 38, no. 110 (2010): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v38i110.15777.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
CONTROL SOCIETY AND GUN BOAT DIPLOMACYAn attempt to address the question of the relationship between decentred networks and sovereignty after 9/11 starting from Deleuze’s “Postscript on the Societies of Control”.In 1990 Gilles Deleuze published his short text “Postscript on the Societies of Control” in which he presented an almost intuitive analysis of contemporary capitalist society explaining how we were going from the separate spheres of disciplinary society to a flexible network-based society where the traditional discourses and institutions were being broken down in favour of a continual control where the individual was always in school, in prison or at work. Deleuze’s brief text was highly influential but since 9/11 and the declaration of the so-called ‘war on terror’ it has seemed necessary to supplement the analysis of the complex functioning of the control society with analysis that either stress the return of sovereignty (like Giorgio Agamben) or map the workings of capitalist economy (like David Harvey). This paper looks at this development and discusses the relationship between networks and sovereignty today.
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GRECO, SERGIO, CRISTIAN MOLINARO, IRINA TRUBITSYNA, and ESTER ZUMPANO. "atalog: A logic language for expressing search and optimization problems." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 10, no. 2 (2010): 125–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068409990251.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis paper presents a logic language for expressing search and optimization problems. Specifically, first a language obtained by extending (positive) DATALOG with intuitive and efficient constructs (namely, stratified negation, constraints, and exclusive disjunction) is introduced. Next, a further restricted language only using a restricted form of disjunction to define (nondeterministically) subsets (or partitions) of relations is investigated. This language, called atalog, captures the power of DATALOG¬ in expressing search and optimization problems. A system prototype implementing atalog is presented. The system translates atalog queries into Optimization Programming Language (OPL) programs which are executed by the ILOG OPL Development Studio. Our proposal combines easy formulation of problems, expressed by means of a declarative logic language, with the efficiency of the ILOG System. Several experiments show the effectiveness of this approach.
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Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Ricardo, Tereza Fernandes da Silva, and Rosemarie Heyden. "Alguns aspectos da ecologia dos mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) de uma área de planície (Granjas Calábria), em Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro: II. Frequência mensal e no ciclo lunar." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 80, no. 2 (1985): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761985000200001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Neste artigo publicamos os resultados de coletas semanais de mosquitos adultos em isca humana, realizadas no extradomicílio, em uma área de planície litorânea (Granjas Calábria), em Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, de agosto de 1981 a julho de 1982, com o intuito de conhecer sua freqüència mensal e no ciclo lunar. Das 32 espécies obtidas, Aedes scapularis, Culex crybda, Culex declarator, Culex nigripalpus, Culex saltanensis, Mansonia titilans, Phoniomya davisi, Phonyomyia deanei e Phoniomyia theobaldi estiveram presentes em todos os meses do ano. Conforme a variação estacional reunimos as espécies nos seguintes grupos: espécies cuja densidade foi diretamente proporcional à quantidade de chuvas e à temperatura, desenvolvendo-se em criadouros temporários e semipermanentes, como Aedes scapularis, Aedes taeniorhynchus e Culex nigripalpus; espécies ecléticas, cuja freqüência não acompanhou a das chuvas e temperatura, criando-se em coleções aquáticas permanentes, como Culex amazonensis, Culex declarator e Coquillettidia venezuelensis; e espécies com densidade inversamente proporcional à pluviosidade e à temperatura, evoluindo em águas perenes, como Mansoni titillans e Wyeomyia leucostigma. As coletas feitas durante a lua minguante foram as mais produtivas, porém pelos resultados obtidos não pudemos concluir que haja um nítido controle da lua sobre a densidade dos mosquitos.
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Liefke, Kristina. "Modelling Selectional Super-Flexibility." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 31 (January 5, 2022): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v31i0.5077.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The selectional flexibility of some attitude verbs (e.g. know, realize, report) between declarative and interrogative complements has been the subject of much recent work in formal semantics. However, little attention has been paid to verbs (e.g. see, remember, observe) that embed an even wider variety of complements (incl. subject-controlled gerundive small clauses and concrete object-denoting DPs). Since the familiar types of some of these complements resist an embedding in the type for questions [= sets of propositions], these verbs challenge Theiler, Roelofsen & Aloni’s (2018) uniform interpretation strategy for the complements of responsive verbs. My paper answers this challenge by uniformly interpreting the different complements of selectionally super-flexible verbs like remember in a generalized type for questions, viz. as parametrized centered questions. It shows that the resulting semantics captures the intuitive entailment pattern of these verbs.
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Quintana Lara, Marcela, Lucía Ramos Leiva, Claudio Díaz Larenas, et al. "Conciencia metacognitiva, estilos cognitivos y rasgos de personalidad en la formación y profesorado de inglés." Ducere. Revista de Investigación Educativa 1, no. 1 (2022): e202213. http://dx.doi.org/10.61303/2735668x.v1i1.16.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Este artículo presentó un estudio de tipo correlacional, de diseño no experimental y transversal realizado en Chile. Su objetivo fue explorar la relación entre los estilos cognitivos y rasgos de la personalidad con la conciencia metacognitiva en estudiantes en práctica profesional y docentes noveles de inglés como Lengua Extranjera. Los datos correspondieron a tres cuestionarios aplicados a 55 estudiantes en práctica profesional y 18 docentes noveles. Algunos de los resultados indicaron que en ambos grupos destacó el estilo sistemático por sobre el estilo intuitivo y la personalidad no se manifiestó como una variable significativa que se relacione con la conciencia metacognitiva. Sólo la dimensión psicoticismo se relacionó con el conocimiento declarativo, en el grupo de docentes noveles. Esta investigación contribuyó a la formación integrada entre los aspectos disciplinar-pedagógico y del desarrollo humano que hacen a un docente un modelo a seguir.
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Sadeghi Bahmani, D., R. Faraji, P. Faraji, E. Holsboer-Trachsler, and S. Brand. "Depression and loneliness did not affect academic achievement among university students." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.750.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundMany students experience symptoms of loneliness, either as a result of the new academic situation or due to the lack of social skills, which results in an inability to actively participate in community activities and socialization. Depression is another common problem that impacts students’ ability to perform life activities. Further, while intuitively a negative association between loneliness, depression and academic achievement is assumed, consistent data are missing. Accordingly, the present study investigated the relationship between depression, and loneliness and academic achievement among undergraduate students.MethodThis study was carried out on 240 university students (mean age: M = 23.42 years), who completed the Beck Depression Inventory and the UCLA Loneliness Scale, while for academic achievement the average marks were used.ResultIncreased age was associated with lower scores in loneliness and depression, and higher achievements. Higher scores of depression and loneliness were associated. Achievement scores were unrelated to loneliness and depression.ConclusionsAgainst intuitive expectations, academic achievement was unrelated to symptoms of depression and loneliness. Accordingly, we assume that academic achievement seemed to be related to further cognitive and emotional processes such as motivation, mental toughness, stress resistance, and goal oriented behavior.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Hou, Z., W. Jiang, Y. Yue, et al. "Decreased interhemispheric functional coordination underlying the cognitive impairment in late-onset depression." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.462.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundThe intuitive association between cognitive dysfunction in late onset depression (LOD) and the aberrant functional activity in the brain's default-mode network (DMN) has prompted interest in exploring the role of the DMN in LOD. The altered pattern of resting state voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) in cognitive processes is not yet well understood in LOD.MethodsThe study was designed to examine the implicit coupling between the alteration of interhemispheric functional coordination and cognitive impairment in LOD. Thirty-one LOD patients and 37 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent neuropsychological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in this study.ResultsCompared to HC group, attenuated VMHC in superior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, posterior cerebellar lobe, postcentral and precentral gyrus was observed in LOD. Neuro-behavioral relevancy approach revealed that the imbalanced interhemispheric functional coordination in bilateral cerebellum was positively correlated with the performance of trail making test in LOD (r = 0.367, P = 0.040).ConclusionAltered linkage pattern of intrinsic homotopic connectivity and cognition was firstly investigated in LOD, and it would provide a novel clue to reveal the neural substrates underlying the cognitive dysfunction in LOD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Möller, H. J. "The new neuroscience based nomenclature of neuropsychotropic drugs: A chance for a better understanding and teaching of clinical psychopharmacology." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S62—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.955.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Traditional psychopharmacological terminology is based on historical grounds and under different aspects not systematic and rational. It even tends to confuse patients by prescribing a drug that does not reflect their identified diagnosis, prescribing “antipsychotics” to depression. Four major colleges of neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP, ACNP, Asian CNP, an CINP) proposed a new multi-axial pharmacologically-driven nomenclature. The template has five axes: 1- class (primary pharmacological target and relevant mechanism); 2- family (reflecting the relevant neurotransmitter and mechanism); 3- neurobiological activities; 4- efficacy and major side effects; and 5- approved indications. The results of the surveys suggest that the clinicians found the available indication-based nomenclature system dissatisfactory, non-intuitive, confusing, and doubt-inducing for them and the patients. The proposed five-axis template seeks to upend current usage bay placing pharmacology rather than indication as the primary axes. With the proposed nomenclature relating primarily to Axis 1 – the class, and usage of the other axes would largely depend the extent to which the clinician seeks to deepen the scientific and clinical base of his involvement.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Lesser, Steve, Alexey Stomakhin, Gilles Daviet, et al. "Loki." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 4 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530058.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We introduce Loki, a new framework for robust simulation of fluid, rigid, and deformable objects with non-compromising fidelity on any single element, and capabilities for coupling and representation transitions across multiple elements. Loki adapts multiple best-in-class solvers into a unified framework driven by a declarative state machine where users declare 'what' is simulated but not 'when,' so an automatic scheduling system takes care of mixing any combination of objects. This leads to intuitive setups for coupled simulations such as hair in the wind or objects transitioning from one representation to another, for example bulk water FLIP particles to SPH spray particles to volumetric mist. We also provide a consistent treatment for components used in several domains, such as unified collision and attachment constraints across 1D, 2D, 3D deforming and rigid objects. Distribution over MPI, custom linear equation solvers, and aggressive application of sparse techniques keep performance within production requirements. We demonstrate a variety of solvers within the framework and their interactions, including FLIPstyle liquids, spatially adaptive volumetric fluids, SPH, MPM, and mesh-based solids, including but not limited to discrete elastic rods, elastons, and FEM with state-of-the-art constitutive models. Our framework has proven powerful and intuitive enough for voluntary artist adoption and has delivered creature and FX simulations for multiple major movie productions in the preceding four years.
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Mishchenko, Andrey, Dominique Danco, Abhilash Jindal, and Adrian Blue. "Blueprint." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15, no. 12 (2022): 3459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3554821.3554836.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Blueprint is a declarative domain-specific language for document extraction. Users describe document layout using spatial, textual, semantic, and numerical fuzzy constraints, and the language runtime extracts the field-value mappings that best satisfy the constraints in a given document. We used Blueprint to develop several document extraction solutions in a commercial setting. This approach to the extraction problem proved powerful. Concise Blueprint programs were able to generate good accuracy on a broad set of use cases. However, a major goal of our work was to build a system that non-experts, and in particular non-engineers, could use effectively, and we found that writing declarative fuzzy constraint-based extraction programs was not intuitive for many users: a large up-front learning investment was required to be effective, and debugging was often challenging. To address these issues, we developed a no-code IDE for Blueprint, called Studio, as well as program synthesis functionality for automatically generating Blueprint programs from training data, which could be created by labeling document samples in our IDE. Overall, the IDE significantly improved the Blueprint development experience and the results users were able to achieve. In this paper, we discuss the design, implementation, and deployment of Blueprint and Studio. We compare our system with a state-of-the-art deep-learning based extraction tool and show that our system can achieve comparable accuracy results, with comparable development time, for appropriately-chosen use cases, while providing better interpretability and debuggability.
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Alhakimi, Hanan. "Development of the Metaverse and learning." Indonesian Journal of Learning and Instructional Innovation 1, no. 01 (2023): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ijolii.v1i01.918.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The metaverse is a shared virtual space that allows users to interact with each other and a variety of digital media. It has been shaped by technological advances, including the growth of the Internet, the development of virtual and augmented reality technologies, and the increasing power and capabilities of computers and mobile devices. The main goal of the metaverse is to create a seamless and immersive experience for users, allowing them to interact with each other and with digital media in a natural and intuitive way. The metaverse has the ability to provide new opportunities for entertainment, education and communication, and we can expect to see continuous development and innovation in this field in the future. This field aims to develop the field of education in all schools around the world. The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic forced humanity to rethink how we teach and learn. The metaverse, a 3D digital space mixed with the real world and the virtual world, has been heralded as a trend of future education with great potential. However, as an emerging item, rarely did the existing study discuss the metaverse from the perspective of education. In this paper, we first introduce the visions of the metaverse, including its origin, definitions, and shared features
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Trakas, Marina. "How to distinguish memory representations? A historical and critical journey." Voluntas: Revista Internacional de Filosofia 10, no. 3 (2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179378639849.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A memória não é um fenômeno unitário. Mesmo entre o grupo de representações de memória individuais de longo prazo (conhecidas na literatura como memória declarativa), parece haver uma distinção entre dois tipos de memória: memória de eventos experimentados pessoalmente (memória episódica) e memória de fatos ou conhecimentos sobre o mundo (memória semântica). Embora essa distinção pareça muito intuitiva, não é tão claro em qual característica ou conjunto de características inter-relacionadas reside a diferença. Neste artigo, apresento os diferentes critérios propostos na literatura filosófica e científica para dar conta dessa distinção: (1) o veículo de representação; (2) a gramática do verbo “lembrar”; (3) a causa da memória; (4) o conteúdo da memória; e (5) a fenomenologia das representações da memória. Embora alguns critérios pareçam mais plausíveis que outros, mostro que todos são problemáticos e nenhum deles realmente cumpre seu objetivo. Em seguida, descrevo brevemente um critério diferente, o critério afetivo, que parece uma linha de pesquisa promissora para tentar entender os fundamentos dessa distinção.
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Padulano, Vincenzo Eduardo, Javier Cervantes Villanueva, Enrico Guiraud, and Enric Tejedor Saavedra. "Distributed data analysis with ROOT RDataFrame." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024503009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Widespread distributed processing of big datasets has been around for more than a decade now thanks to Hadoop, but only recently higher-level abstractions have been proposed for programmers to easily operate on those datasets, e.g. Spark. ROOT has joined that trend with its RDataFrame tool for declarative analysis, which currently supports local multi-threaded parallelisation. However, RDataFrame’s programming model is general enough to accommodate multiple implementations or backends: users could write their code once and execute it as-is locally or distributedly, just by selecting the corresponding backend. This abstract introduces PyRDF, a new python library developed on top of RDataFrame to seamlessly switch from local to distributed environments with no changes in the application code. In addition, PyRDF has been integrated with a service for web-based analysis, SWAN, where users can dynamically plug in new resources, as well as write, execute, monitor and debug distributed applications via an intuitive interface.
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Frápolli, M. J. "Propositions First: Biting Geach's Bullet." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 86 (September 18, 2019): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246119000080.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractTo be a proposition is to possess propositional properties and to stand in inferential relations. This is the organic intuition, [OI], concerning propositional recognition. [OI] is not a circular characterization as long as those properties and relations that signal the presence of propositions are independently identified. My take on propositions does not depart from the standard approach widely accepted among philosophers of language. Propositions are truth-bearers, the arguments of truth-functions (‘not’, ‘or’, ‘and’, ‘if’), the arguments of propositional-attitude verbs (‘know’, ‘believe’, ‘doubt’, ‘assume’, ‘reject’) and the kind of entity capable of standing in inferential relations (which are basically implication and incompatibility). The aim of this paper is to argue for [OI]. In doing so, I will show that even what is probably the most repeated argument against non-descriptivism, the so-called Frege-Geach Argument (FGA), presupposes something like [OI], a presupposition that Geach shares with his critics. Despite the huge success of FGA, a thorough analysis of the actual scope of this argument has yet to be given. I will provide such an analysis in section 3 below. In this paper, I argue that [OI] is a meta-theoretical principle which is neutral with respect to specific metaphysical debates about the nature of propositions, as well as specific proposals about the semantics of declarative sentences.
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Belay, Habtamu Simachew. "Global financial regulation in the “New International Economic Order”." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 27, no. 1 (2019): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-10-2017-0086.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose In 1974, the UN General Assembly adopted a landmark resolution proclaiming the establishment of a New International Economic Order. One of the basic aims of this declaration was to enhance the voice and participation of developing countries in the international economic decision-making process based on norms of equitable governance. More than four decades have passed since its adoption. This paper aims to reflect on the past 43 years of the global financial regulatory system in light of the notion of equitable governance as envisioned by the “New International Economic Order”. Design/methodology/approach This paper surveys the global financial regulatory system from the vantage point of equitable economic governance. This discussion covers the period that comes after the 1974 UN landmark resolutions that declare the establishment of a “New International Economic Order”. The authors use qualitative and quantitative approach in this study. They use descriptive statistics and intuitive discussions of certain cases to carry the objective of the paper forward. Findings First, part of the development in global financial regulation manifests the establishment of informal networks that embark on global regulatory issues, while being very exclusive in their membership policies. Second, the lack of full and effective participation of developing countries in the decision-making and norm setting remains unsolved in the global financial regulatory system. Third, the shadow role of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund was of great significance in assisting the implementation of non-binding regulatory rules of international finance in developing countries despite the concerns of legitimacy and equity in the making of international standards. In sum, the global financial regulatory system that emerged in the past four decades is quite different from that aspired by the NIEO. Originality/value The declaration of NIEO coincides with the collapse of the Bretton Wood’s fixed exchange rate which in turn leads to the emergence of a new financial system and regulatory development. This period marked the proliferation of informal networks that make policy recommendations or non-binding rules with global implications. As far as the literature review goes far, this paper is the first to survey the post Bretton Wood’s period of the global financial regulatory architecture based on the tenets of the “New International Economic Order”.
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Csirmaz, Elod P., and Laszlo Csirmaz. "Data Synchronization: A Complete Theoretical Solution for Filesystems." Future Internet 14, no. 11 (2022): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14110344.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Data reconciliation in general, and filesystem synchronization in particular, lacks rigorous theoretical foundation. This paper presents, for the first time, a complete analysis of synchronization for two replicas of a theoretical filesystem. Synchronization has two main stages: identifying the conflicts, and resolving them. All existing (both theoretical and practical) synchronizers are operation-based: they define, using some rationale or heuristics, how conflicts are to be resolved without considering the effect of the resolution on subsequent conflicts. Instead, our approach is declaration-based: we define what constitutes the resolution of all conflicts, and for each possible scenario we prove the existence of sequences of operations/commands which convert the replicas into a common synchronized state. These sequences consist of operations rolling back some local changes, followed by operations performed on the other replica. The set of rolled-back operations provides the user with clear and intuitive information on the proposed changes, so she can easily decide whether to accept them or ask for other alternatives. All possible synchronized states are described by specifying a set of conflicts, a partial order on the conflicts describing the order in which they need to be resolved, as well as the effect of each decision on subsequent conflicts. Using this classification, the outcomes of different conflict resolution policies can be investigated easily.
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Idoyaga, Ignacio Julio, Laura Vargas-Badilla, Cesar Nahuel Moya, et al. "Conocimientos del profesorado universitario sobre la enseñanza de la química con laboratorios remotos." Educación Química 32, no. 5 (2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fq.18708404e.2021.5.79189.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<p>El trabajo presenta un estudio exploratorio cuyo objetivo es describir y caracterizar el conocimiento declarativo sobre la enseñanza de Valoración Ácido Base con Laboratorios Remotos de un grupo de nueve profesores de química de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Estos dispositivos permiten realizar actividades experimentales reales remotamente en cualquier momento y desde cualquier lugar. La metodología incluyó el diseño de un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas. Para la revisión de datos se recorrió a algunos aspectos del análisis del contenido y a categorías generadas de acuerdo a los lineamientos de la teoría fundamentada. Los principales resultados mostraron que los profesores sostienen aproximaciones didácticas vinculadas a los protocolos tipo receta y a la mimesis, que consideran intuitivos a los Laboratorios Remotos y que priorizan la enseñanza de los contenidos conceptuales. A modo de conclusión puede decirse que los profesores conciben el trabajo con laboratorios remotos de manera similar a los trabajos prácticos tradicionales. Como perspectiva se plantea que queda inaugurada una línea de investigación, centrada en el conocimiento del profesorado, que deberá incorporar nuevas y variadas estrategias metodológicas. </p>
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DODARO, CARMINE, PHILIP GASTEIGER, KRISTIAN REALE, FRANCESCO RICCA, and KONSTANTIN SCHEKOTIHIN. "Debugging Non-ground ASP Programs: Technique and Graphical Tools." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 19, no. 2 (2019): 290–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068418000492.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractAnswer set programming (ASP) is one of the major declarative programming paradigms in the area of logic programming and non-monotonic reasoning. Despite that ASP features a simple syntax and an intuitive semantics, errors are common during the development of ASP programs. In this paper we propose a novel debugging approach allowing for interactive localization of bugs in non-ground programs. The new approach points the user directly to a set of non-ground rules involved in the bug, which might be refined (up to the point in which the bug is easily identified) by asking the programmer a sequence of questions on an expected answer set. The approach has been implemented on top of the ASP solver wasp. The resulting debugger has been complemented by a user-friendly graphical interface, and integrated in aspide, a rich integrated development environment (IDE) for answer set programs. In addition, an empirical analysis shows that the new debugger is not affected by the grounding blowup limiting the application of previous approaches based on meta-programming.
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Shevchenko, R. S., А. Yu Doroshenko, and O. A. Yatsenko. "Embedding a family of logic languages with custom monadic unification in Scala." PROBLEMS IN PROGRAMMING, no. 1 (January 2024): 03–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pp2024.01.003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper proposes a framework for embedding logic programming and constraint programming methods in Scala by building a logical object-oriented language around the unification of typed logic based on monads. Two types of API are considered — high-level for language embeddings and low-level for organization of the bidirectional flow of data during the execution of logic programs. Differences in the capabilities of logical mechanisms can be expressed as subclasses of the class of unification monad types. This design makes it possible to share the implementation of custom unification between different frameworks and to use other languages’ embeddings in Scala from the declarative side. The monadic API provides the application developer with a simple and intuitive tool to implement custom logic within the unification. Our frameworks provide a clear representation of logical deduction: Scala code is only used for ad hoc unification. But the overall goal execution is an external interpretation that can implement different strategies. This design provides modularity and good integration with the rest of the ecosystem.
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Jain, U. "Telepsychiatry: The new reality of psychiatry in the future." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S442—S443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.450.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundDo we need to work from offices in psychiatry? The clinical interface has been debated particularly in child and adolescent psychiatry with continued beliefs related to the differences in therapeutic alliance when compared to face-to-face practice. That literature clearly shows that telepsychiatry is equal in its therapeutic effects. But not much has been written about the other advantages of telepsychiatry, which may be intuitive but needs to be documented.MethodologyThe University of Toronto Telepsychiatry Program is the largest in the world with over 60 psychiatrists and 1400 sites. This is an anaectodal review of 25 years of practice using this medium outlining the advantages (ADV) and disadvantages (DADV) to this medium.ResultsADV: convenience from home, complete access to hospital files, physician safety during sessions, able to see multiple sites and include multisystem professionals including schools, cost effective (when compared to outreach psychiatry), simplicity of connection with minimal interference. DADV: novelty to client, quality of video to pick up very subtle nonverbal information, technical support required, capital cost to set up, mental health biases to technology.ConclusionThis technology is evolving. It is essential physicians understand the issues whether it be privacy, cost, utility and clinical application. The long-term impact will likely affect future practice and allow resource sensitive care to outlying areas with the ability to impact a country's mental health significantly. Health economic data is required for future research.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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BURNETT, MARGARET, JOHN ATWOOD, REBECCA WALPOLE DJANG, JAMES REICHWEIN, HERKIMER GOTTFRIED, and SHERRY YANG. "Forms/3: A first-order visual language to explore the boundaries of the spreadsheet paradigm." Journal of Functional Programming 11, no. 2 (2001): 155–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800003828.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although detractors of functional programming sometimes claim that functional programming is too difficult or counter-intuitive for most programmers to understand and use, evidence to the contrary can be found by looking at the popularity of spreadsheets. The spreadsheet paradigm, a first-order subset of the functional programming paradigm, has found wide acceptance among both programmers and end users. Still, there are many limitations with most spreadsheet systems. In this paper, we discuss language features that eliminate several of these limitations without deviating from the first-order, declarative evaluation model. The language used to illustrate these features is a research language called Forms/3. Using Forms/3, we show that procedural abstraction, data abstraction and graphics output can be supported in the spreadsheet paradigm. We show that, with the addition of a simple model of time, animated output and GUI I/O also become viable. To demonstrate generality, we also present an animated Turing machine simulator programmed using these features. Throughout the paper, we combine our discussion of the programming language characteristics with how the language features prototyped in Forms/3 relate to what is known about human effectiveness in programming.
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Fischer, Markus. "Zweifelsfall: zweifeln im Deutschen." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 30 (January 1, 2003): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.30.2003.179.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two main types of sentences are traditionally distinguished in the context of semantic theories of questions and answers: declarative sentences, corresponding to statements, and interrogative sentences, corresponding to questions. The interrogative forms can be further subdivided into dialectical ones (yes-no-questions) and non-dialectical ones (constituent questions). These distinctions are made for both root and embedded sentences. The predicates that select sentential complements fall into three classes: predicates that license only declaratives, those that allow only for interrogatives, and those that embed both types of sentences. In this connection, verbs of doubt are interesting in that they allow for declaratives as well as dialectical interrogatives, while non-dialectical interrogatives do not seem to be appropriate complements.
 
 In what follows, our main concern will be with the German verb of doubt zweifeln and its possible sentential complements. Speaker intuitions as to which constructions are grammatical or acceptable vary, particularily with respect to rare expressions like zweifeln. Therefore, interviews and corpus analysis were applied as a means to acquire reliable linguistic data. These as well as data from historical sources and from some languages other than German (esp. English and Italian) are presented and analysed. In the last section, based on the notion of ‘subjective probability’, an attempt is made at explaining the observations.
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Tarka, Piotr. "The views and perceptions of managers on the role of marketing research in decision making." International Journal of Market Research 60, no. 1 (2018): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785317744854.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this article, the author conducts an empirical diagnosis of managers’ views and perceptions in the context of use of information obtained from marketing research in decision-making processes. It is argued that decision makers who take charge of management, despite their strong declarations and beliefs about the potential and usefulness of information in decisions, in reality prefer solutions based on intuition and irrational thinking. Therefore, the objective of the conducted study is to explore mechanisms of such paradoxes. However, through empirical research, the author endeavored to find the answers associated with the specific factors that are likely to favor such an unreasonable thinking and activities undertaken by managers in decision-making processes. Based on the sample ( N = 213), which contained mainly information users, it was confirmed that managers, faced with a difficulty of information processing (e.g., due to information overloading problems and requirements of analytical thinking), or narrow cognitive capacities, limited memory, and strong reliance on personal experience, look for much simpler solutions in decision making. They preferably move toward the irrational sphere of making choices. Thus, the information, obtained from research, that is available to managers is rather neglected instead of being closely inspected (scrutinized). Moreover, the greater the surprise in information derived from marketing research (i.e., the wider is the discrepancy between the value of information provided by analysts and managers’ expectations), the greater their inclination to reject any information and much greater exposure toward irrational thinking in decision making. As a matter of fact, the problems associated with information adaptation in decisions, as well as the problems of analytical thinking, put the question mark over the entire usefulness of information and further deliberate conducting of the marketing research.
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Keshari Jena, Sangram, and Ashutosh Dash. "Aditya Birla Money: developing options of investment strategy." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 8, no. 3 (2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-08-2017-0223.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Subject area Financial derivative and risk management. Study level/applicability The case is intended to be used for MBA and BBA programs in the elective courses such as derivatives and risk management, financial engineering, financial risk management and portfolio management, and for executives aspiring for the fund manager position in industry. The case could also be used in management development programs on financial risk management. Case overview The case was based on the real life experience of a portfolio manager who was entrusted with the responsibility of maximizing return of the portfolio. With the backdrop of dismal performance of the portfolio, the portfolio manager is looking for opportunity in the context of declaration of result by Infosys Ltd, one of the constituents of the portfolio. So the team headed by Nirakar Chaulia was thinking of development and application of option strategies to exploit the result day (i.e. January 14, 2016) opportunity to improve the performance of the portfolio and also reduce the potential of stock price risk. Moreover, the case was designed to help the students develop and assess different option strategies based on their market intuitions. Also, students would be able to apply the option contracts for managing price risk associated with the underlying asset. Expected learning outcomes The case would prepare students to develop different strategies to be exploited in different market conditions and assess their performance. Especially, this case was designed to enable the students to understand options as a special kind of derivative in terms of trading and its payoff, how to initiate directional and volatility trading with options, how to apply options to generate income to enhance the portfolio performance and how to develop option strategies for different market conditions and assess their performance. Supplementary materials Teaching note is available for instructors only. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
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Halouani, N., F. Guermazi, K. Yaich, et al. "First acute psychotic episode: Factors associated with evolution to schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): s814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1580.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
IntroductionThe acute psychotic episode have often a dramatic expression. Although it is easily diagnosed, it is not easy to predict the evolution and much less the prognosis that are of concern both for the therapist and the patients’ families.AimsTo describe the profile of a population of patients with a first psychotic episode. To identify factors correlated with evolution to schizophrenia.MethodsThis is a retrospective study conducted among 55 patients hospitalized for a first acute psychotic episode, in the psychiatry B department during the period extending between January 2010 and December 2015.ResultsThe average age of patients was 26.5. The majority was single male. The prodromal phase was present with predominantly psychotic symptoms (80%). Schizophrenia was the most frequently encountered scalable diagnosis (38%). Some factors are associated with the evolution to schizophrenia. We can mention male gender (P = 0.004) and premorbid schizoid personality (P = 0.047). About correlated clinical factors, we have found an initial symptomatology dominated by loss of interest (P = 0.05), withdrawal and isolation (P = 0.017), impulsivity (P = 0.011), breaking with the usual functioning (P = 0.04), mental automatism (P = 0.033), the delusions of persecution (P = 0.025) and intuitive mechanism (P = 0.023).ConclusionWhen a first acute delusional experience occurs in a young adult, it is always a test of uncertain outcome. However, schizophrenia remains the most feared evolutionary. A better understanding of poor prognosis and early and appropriate management seem paramount to reduce the prevalence of this dreaded evolution.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Salahuddin, Salahuddin. "Examining the Imperative Clauses in Manggarai." Linguistik Indonesia 41, no. 1 (2023): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v41i1.445.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Manggarai is one of the languages in West Flores studied by many researchers, either native or non-native speakers. Nevertheless, only a few describe the sound system in the imperative clauses of the Manggarai language. Imperative clauses are speech acts intended to influence the interlocutor to take specific actions and aim to give orders (commands), requests, requests, suggestions (advice), warnings, instructions, and hopes. Some researchers who briefly describe imperative clauses have failed to formulate case markers in imperative clauses. Thus, this study aims to formulate case markings in imperative clauses comprehensively. Researchers as native speakers of the Manggarai language in the Kempo dialect use familiar examples. The data used in this study are examples of imperative clauses that are often found and assessed based on the author's intuition as a native dialect speaker. This study also tested several formulas of imperative clause rules in previous research, which distinguished the use of gi and ga, and neka marker in negative imperative clauses. Some critical findings in this research are, firstly, the markers gi and ga are not an enclitic attached to the word they follow; secondly, the articles gi and ga are not specific markers for imperative clauses because they can also appear in other clause forms (e.g., declarative clauses); and third, the words neka and asi in the negative imperative clauses of the Manggarai language can be used interchangeably and do not change the meaning of the clause. Thus, this proves that there are no unique markers in the imperative clauses of the Manggarai language because the form varies relatively depending on the context with whom one is talking.
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Alkin, Anton, Giulio Eulisse, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, Peter Hristov, and Maja Kabus. "ALICE Run 3 Analysis Framework." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 03063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125103063.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In LHC Run 3 the ALICE Collaboration will have to cope with an increase of lead-lead collision data of two orders of magnitude compared to the Run 1 and 2 data-taking periods. The Online-Offline (O2) software framework has been developed to allow for distributed and efficient processing of this unprecedented amount of data. Its design, which is based on a message-passing back end, required the development of a dedicated Analysis Framework that uses the columnar data format provided by Apache Arrow. The O2 Analysis Framework provides a user-friendly high-level interface and hides the complexity of the underlying distributed framework. It allows the users to access and manipulate the data in the new format both in the traditional “event loop” and a declarative approach using bulk processing operations based on Arrow’s Gandiva sub-project. Building on the well-tested system of analysis trains developed by ALICE in Run 1 and 2, the AliHyperloop infrastructure is being developed. It provides a fast and intuitive user interface for running demanding analysis workflows in the GRID environment and on the dedicated Analysis Facility. In this document, we report on the current state and ongoing developments of the Analysis Framework and of AliHyperloop, highlighting the design choices and the benefits of the new system.