Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Deficit irrigation strategy"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Deficit irrigation strategy"
1
Arbizu-Milagro, Julia, Francisco J. Castillo-Ruiz, Alberto Tascón e Jose M. Peña. "How Could Precision Irrigation Based on Daily Trunk Growth Improve Super High-Density Olive Orchard Irrigation Efficiency?" Agronomy 12, n. 4 (22 marzo 2022): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040756.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water deficit, especially during summer, is currently one of the most important stress factors that influence olive oil production in olive orchards. A precision irrigation strategy, based on daily trunk growth, was assessed and compared with one continuous deficit, one full irrigation, and two different regulated deficit irrigation strategies. All of them were tested in a super high-density olive orchard located in northeast Spain, in which oil production, main oil production components, applied irrigation water, and water productivity were assessed. For this purpose, the crop was monitored from budding to harvesting, mainly during the summer months in which the Precision strategy only applied water after two days of negative daily trunk growth. Maximum monthly water savings for the Precision strategy reached 91.8%, compared with full irrigation, while major annual mean water savings reached 50% for the continuous deficit strategy and 31.2% for the Precision strategy, which also reduced irrigation events by up to 19.7%, compared with the full irrigation strategy. Oil production and oil production components varied depending on the irrigation strategies providing the Control, one of the regulated deficit irrigations, and Precision higher values than the other strategies; oil yield results differ, nonetheless. The Precision strategy showed an overall better performance. Despite this, it did not achieve the highest water saving, it achieved higher water productivity.
2
Li, Xufeng, Juanjuan Ma, Lijian Zheng, Jinping Chen, Xihuan Sun e Xianghong Guo. "Optimization of the Regulated Deficit Irrigation Strategy for Greenhouse Tomato Based on the Fuzzy Borda Model". Agriculture 12, n. 3 (24 febbraio 2022): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030324.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is of great significance to explore the strategy of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) under mulched drip irrigation to stabilize tomato yield and improve quality and efficiency. This experimental study was conducted on a drip-irrigated greenhouse in two consecutive years (2020 and 2021). Three deficit levels were set for the flowering and fruit development stage (Stage I), and three were set for the fruit-ripening stage (Stage II). As a combination evaluation method, the fuzzy Borda model was used to optimize the RDI strategy of greenhouse tomato. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and total shoot biomass of tomato decreased with an increase in the water deficit, while the intercellular CO2 concentration had an opposite trend. The mild and moderate water deficit at Stage I reduced tomato yield by 16–24% and 30–40% compared to full irrigation. The water deficit at Stage II was able to improve various quality parameters and the water-use efficiency of tomato; the irrigation water-use efficiency (32.8–33.9 kg/m3) and leaf water-use efficiency (3.2–3.6 μmol/mmol) were the highest when the soil water content was 70–90% θf (field capacity) at Stage I and 40–60% θf at Stage II (T3). Based on the fuzzy Borda combination evaluation model, T3 was determined as the treatment with stable yield, high quality, and efficient irrigation under the experimental conditions. The irrigation regime was as follows: irrigating 20–25 mm in the transplanting stage, no irrigation in the seedling stage, irrigating 193.2–220.8 mm at Stage I, and then irrigating 27.6 mm at Stage II.
3
Horne, D. J., H. A. Sumanasena e D. R. Scotter. "Effects of irrigation frequency on ryegrass and white clover growth. 2. Improving irrigation efficiency". Soil Research 49, n. 4 (2011): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10218.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Growing concerns about limited water inputs for, and deleterious environmental outputs from, irrigation of pasture make the identification of more efficient scheduling strategies imperative. A climate-driven pasture production model is used to simulate the daily soil water deficit in the topsoil and subsoil, and so pasture production under a range of irrigation strategies. Soil water content and pasture production data from a companion paper, describing a Manawatu experiment where irrigation was applied to plots at trigger deficits of 20, 40, and 60 mm, were used to evaluate model parameters. The model was then used with 30 years of meteorological data to simulate a range of irrigation strategies at Palmerston North and Winchmore. Applying 20 mm of irrigation when a 20-mm trigger deficit is reached as opposed to 60 mm of irrigation at a 60-mm deficit increased the simulated average annual pasture response to irrigation by ~80%, but this increase was at the cost of ~40% more irrigation water. A suggested alternative strategy is to apply 20 mm of irrigation whenever a 60-mm trigger deficit is reached, which in summer will be about every 5 days if no rain falls. Keeping the topsoil moist most of the time, while leaving room for rainfall in the subsoil, will increase water use efficiency (the production response per mm of irrigation) by substantially reducing the irrigation requirement and drainage excess, even though it does not maximise production.
4
Abdelrasheed, Khaled G., Yasser Mazrou, Alaa El-Dein Omara, Hany S. Osman, Yasser Nehela, Emad M. Hafez, Asmaa M. S. Rady, Diaa Abd El-Moneim, Bassam F. Alowaiesh e Salah M. Gowayed. "Soil Amendment Using Biochar and Application of K-Humate Enhance the Growth, Productivity, and Nutritional Value of Onion (Allium cepa L.) under Deficit Irrigation Conditions". Plants 10, n. 12 (26 novembre 2021): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122598.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water scarcity, due to physical shortage or inadequate access, is a major global challenge that severely affects agricultural productivity and sustainability. Deficit irrigation is a promising strategy to overcome water scarcity, particularly in arid and semiarid regions with limited freshwater resources. However, precise application of deficit irrigation requires a better understanding of the plant response to water/drought stress. In the current study, we investigated the potential impacts of biochar-based soil amendment and foliar potassium-humate application (separately or their combination) on the growth, productivity, and nutritional value of onion (Allium cepa L.) under deficient irrigation conditions in two separate field trials during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Our findings showed that deficit irrigation negatively affected onion resilience to drought stress. However, these harmful effects were diminished after soil amendment using biochar, K-humate foliar application, or their combination. Briefly, integrated biochar and K-humate application increased onion growth, boosted the content of the photosynthetic pigments, enhanced the water relations, and increased the yield traits of deficient irrigation onion plants. Moreover, it improved the biochemical response, enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and enriched the nutrient value of deficiently irrigated onion plants. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential utilization of biochar and K-humate as sustainable eco-friendly strategies to improve onion resilience to deficit irrigation.
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Basinger, Ashley, Edward Hellman* e Steven Shelby. "Evaluation of Grapevine `Cabernet Sauvignon' Response to Two Deficit Irrigation Strategies". HortScience 39, n. 4 (luglio 2004): 828A—828. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.828a.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Partial rootzone drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) were evaluated separately over two years on Vitis vinifera L. variety `Cabernet Sauvignon' for their applicability to commercial vineyards in Texas and to investigate their potential for enhancing grapevine acclimation and cold hardiness. PRD treatments compared the alternating-half-rootzone water application strategy of PRD to an equal volume of water applied to the entire rootzone and a 2× volume of water applied to the entire rootzone. RDI treatments compared the effects of deficit irrigation at different developmental stages of grapevine: post-fruit set to veraison; veraison to harvest; post-harvest; and a no-deficit control. The PRD treatment plots performed similarly to the equal volume treatment plots for yield and fruit composition. The double-volume treatment had a trend to higher yield in 2002 and statistically significant higher yields in 2003, and slightly lower soluble solids content of fruit in 2002. Thus, the two deficit treatments, PRD and Equal, experienced only a small reduction in performance while enabling reduced water usage. The PRD alternating-half-rootzone strategy demonstrated no advantage over a standard deficit irrigation strategy. Grapevines irrigated with the RDI strategy responded to this treatment most during the post-fruit set to veraison stage of development, which had lower yields and higher fruit soluble solids compared to the no-deficit treatment in 2002. Both PRD and RDI deficit irrigation strategies significantly increased the earliness and rate of periderm development on shoots in both years, but did not result in consistently greater cold hardiness compared to no-deficit treatments.
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Painagan, Marilyn S., e Victor B. Ella. "Modeling the Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Corn Production". Sustainability 14, n. 16 (21 agosto 2022): 10401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Deficit irrigation or intentional under-irrigation offers the potential for sustainable water resources management. The DSSAT CERES-Maize and AquaCrop models were coupled to simulate the effects of deficit irrigation on corn yield and water productivity. The models were calibrated and validated using observed values of crop and biomass yield under 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% depletion of the available soil water. Model simulation results showed that a 15% level of deficit irrigation results in maximum yield while a 60% level of deficit irrigation leads to maximum water productivity. Results suggest that it is not necessary to use large amounts of water in order to obtain high crop yield. The net irrigation application depths ranged from 60 mm to 134 mm, with a depth of 77 mm as optimum under 60% deficit irrigation when applied at the start of tasseling to grain filling. This study demonstrated the applicability of deficit irrigation as a water-saving management strategy for corn production systems. Crop models such as DSSAT CERES-Maize and AquaCrop proved to be viable tools to support decision making in corn production systems in the Philippines, especially when employing deficit irrigation.
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Badr, M. A., W. A. El-Tohamy, S. D. Abou-Hussein e N. S. Gruda. "Deficit Irrigation and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza as a Water-Saving Strategy for Eggplant Production". Horticulturae 6, n. 3 (11 agosto 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6030045.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Crop production in arid regions requires continuous irrigation to fulfill water demand throughout the growing season. Agronomic measures, such as roots-soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, have emerged in recent years to overcome soil constraints and improve water use efficiency (WUE). Eggplant plants were exposed to varying water stress under inoculated (AM+) and non-inoculated (AM−) to evaluate yield performance along with plant physiological status. Plants grown under full irrigation resulted in the highest fruit yield, and there were significant reductions in total yield and yield components when applying less water. The decline in fruit yield was due to the reduction in the number of fruits rather than the weight of the fruit per plant. AM+ plants showed more favorable growth conditions, which translated into better crop yield, total dry biomass, and number of fruits under all irrigation treatments. The fruit yield did not differ between full irrigation and 80% evapotranspiration (ET) restoration with AM+, but a 20% reduction in irrigation water was achieved. Water use efficiency (WUE) was negatively affected by deficit irrigation, particularly at 40% ET, when the water deficit severely depressed fruit yield. Yield response factor (Ky) showed a lower tolerance with a value higher than 1, with a persistent drop in WUE suggesting a lower tolerance to water deficits. The (Ky) factor was relatively lower with AM+ than with AM− for the total fruit yield and dry biomass (Kss), indicating that AM may enhance the drought tolerance of the crop. Plants with AM+ had a higher uptake of N and P in shoots and fruits, higher stomatal conductance (gs), and higher photosynthetic rates (Pn), regardless of drought severity. Soil with AM+ had higher extractable N, P, and organic carbon (OC), indicating an improvement of the fertility status in coping with a limited water supply.
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Capra, Antonino, Simona Consoli e Baldassare Scicolone. "WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES UNDER DEFICIT IRRIGATION". Journal of Agricultural Engineering 39, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2008): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2008.4.27.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Deficit irrigation (DI) is an optimization strategy whereby net returns are maximized by reducing the amount of irrigation water; crops are deliberated allowed to sustain some degree of water deficit and yield reduction. Although the DI strategy dates back to the 1970s, this technique is not usually adopted as a practical alternative to full irrigation by either academics or practitioners. Furthermore, there is a certain amount of confusion regarding its concept. In fact, a review of recent literature dealing with DI has shown that only a few papers use the concept of DI in its complete sense (e.g. both the agronomic and economic aspects). A number of papers only deal with the physiological and agronomical aspects of DI or concern techniques such as Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) and Partial Root Drying (PRD). The paper includes two main parts: i) a review of the principal water management strategies under deficit conditions (e.g. conventional DI, RDI and PRD); and ii) a description of a recent experimental research conducted by the authors in Sicily (Italy) that integrates agronomic, engineering and economic aspects of DI at farm level. Most of the literature reviewed here showed, in general, quite positive effects from DI application, mostly evidenced when the economics of DI is included in the research approach. With regard to the agronomic effects, total fresh mass and total production is generally reduced under DI, whereas the effects on dry matter and product quality are positive, mainly in crops for which excessive soil water availability can cause significant reductions in fruit size, colour or composition (grapes, tomatoes, mangos, etc.). The experimental trial on a lettuce crop in Sicily, during 2005 and 2006, shows that the highest mean marketable yield of lettuce (55.3 t ha-1 in 2005 and 51.9 t ha-1 in 2006) was recorded in plots which received 100% of ET0-PM (reference evapotranspiration by the Penman- Monteith method) applied water. In the land-limiting case, the estimated optimal economic levels were quite similar to the optimal agronomic levels. In the waterlimiting case DI ranges, at least as profitable as full irrigation, were of 17-49% ET0-PM and of 71-90% ET0-PM in 2005 and 2006 respectively.
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Champness, Matthew, Carlos Ballester e John Hornbuckle. "Effect of Soil Moisture Deficit on Aerobic Rice in Temperate Australia". Agronomy 13, n. 1 (4 gennaio 2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010168.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Declining water availability is pressing rice growers to adopt water-saving irrigation practices such as aerobic rice to maintain profitability per megalitre (ML) of water input. Irrigators require well-defined irrigation thresholds to initiate irrigation to maximise water productivity. Such thresholds do not exist for temperate rice regions. Adopting a strategy that has been reported to succeed in non-temperate environments may fail in temperate climates, and therefore, needs investigation. This study aimed to investigate, in a temperate Australian environment, the effect of increasing soil moisture deficit during the rice vegetative period on crop physiological development, grain yield and water productivity. The study was conducted in a commercial farm using a randomised complete block design in the 2020/21 and 2021/22 growing seasons. Automated gravity surface irrigation technologies were adopted to enable high-frequency irrigation. Extending soil moisture deficit beyond 15 kPa was found to significantly delay panicle initiation by at least 13–14 days, exposing rice to cold temperatures in Year 1 during the cold-sensitive early pollen microspore period. This reduced yield by up to 55% (4.5 t/ha) compared to the 15 kPa treatment that was not impacted by cold sterility. In the absence of cold sterility, irrigated water productivity and total water productivity ranged between 1.02 and 1.61 t/ML, and 0.84 and 0.93 t/ML, respectively. The highest yields (8.1 and 7.5 t/ha) were achieved irrigating at a soil tension of 15 kPa in growing seasons 2020/21 and 2021/22. This research demonstrates that sound water productivity can be achieved with aerobic rice cultivation in temperate climates, providing cold temperatures during early pollen microspore are avoided. The quantification of the delay in crop development caused by increasing soil moisture deficit provides rice farmers greater confidence in determining the irrigation strategy and timing of pre-emergent irrigation in regions at risk of cold sterility. However, due to the high labour demand associated with aerobic rice, the adoption of aerobic rice at a commercial scale in this Australian environment is unlikely without adopting automated irrigation technology.
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Septar, Leinar, Cristina Moale, Corina Gavat, Ion Caplan e Maria Stanca. "EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION ON QUALITY INDICATORS OF APRICOT FRUITS AFTER HARVESTING AND STORAGE". Romanian journal of Horticulture 1, n. 1 (12 dicembre 2020): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51258/rjh.2020.22.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Trees irrigation is one of the major activities because the fruit production is proportional to water use. The current decrease of water resources leads to the urgent need to adopt a strategy which could be applied to efficiently utilize water without affecting the growth, yield and fruit quality. Therefore, deficit irrigation is an alternative. The crop studied was apricot, 'Orizont' cultivar, 13 years old, grafted on the 'Constanta 14' rootstock. The planting distance was 4 m between the rows and 5 m between trees on the row. The split-plot experiment described here is monofactorial with irrigation strategy having three graduations. The irrigation regime consists of a fully irrigated treatment (b1, non-stressed) according to the irrigation needs (100% of ETc = ETo x Kc), a deficit irrigation treatment (b2) irrigated with half the amount of water in b1 (50% of ETc), and a control, non-irrigated treatment (b3). These plots comprised three adjacent fruit tree rows, with the central row containing five trees for measurements and observations. This research aims to study the effects of deficit irrigation on some quality indicators of apricot fruits after harvest and storage. Fruits in the b3 treatment were much firmer, followed by the fruits from the b2 treatment. The study suggests that moderate deficit irrigation can be profitable for enhancing key fruit quality characteristics.
Tesi sul tema "Deficit irrigation strategy"
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Kipkorir, Emmanuel Chessum. "Optimal planning of deficit irrigation for multiple crop systems according to user specified strategy /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/26677.
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Rahimi-Eichi, Vahid. "Water use efficiency in almonds (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb)". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/87112.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill) D. A. Webb) is a nut tree in the family Rosaceae, which compared to other nut crops, grown in Mediterranean climates, is relatively drought resistant. Due to the lack of, or high cost of water, almond growers are more inclined to improve gross production water use efficiency (WUE) by adopting water saving irrigation strategies. To this aim, the sensitivity and accuracy of different water status indicators need to be compared to design a suitable irrigation schedule. Meanwhile, instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) [i subscript] that is a measure made at the leaf scale can also be used as a criterion for estimating WUE in breeding programs. To study the effects of different deficit irrigation strategies, sustained and regulated deficit irrigations (SDI and RDI) were applied on almond trees for two consecutive seasons (2009-2010 and 2010-2011). Five levels of water amount were applied; namely, 55, 70, 85, 100 and 120% ETc [c subscript]. Kernel yield, midday stem water potential (MSWP), stomatal conductance (gs) [s subscript], increment in trunk circumference (ΔTC) and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ¹³C) were measured for both seasons. Results obtained in the 2009-2010 season showed that regardless of irrigation strategy, kernel yield was reduced in 70% ETc [c subscript] of irrigation or less. Meanwhile kernel yield, WUE and water status indicators in this season were more sensitive to the quantity of water applied rather than to the deficit strategy (SDI or RDI). However, kernel yield was slightly lower in RDI 70% ETc [c subscript] compared to SDI 70% ETc [c subscript] treatments. Although, there were high correlations between all water status indicators and the amount of water applied, gs [s subscript] and Δ¹³C showed lower sensitivity towards water deficit compared to MSWP and ΔTC, implying an anisohydric behaviour of almond trees. Meanwhile, in the first season, the observed correlation coefficients between kernel yield and ΔTC were lower than those of other water status indicators: MSWP ≈ gs [s subscript] ≈ Δ¹³C > ΔTC. In addition, there was only a moderate correlation (R²= 0.61) between Δ¹³C and WUE in the first season indicating that Δ¹³C may not be a reliable indicator of changes in WUE in almond trees. In the 2010-2011 season, there were no significant differences in kernel yields and water status indicators between different treatments. It was probably due to the humid weather and frequent rain in the second season that negated the effects of deficit irrigation on almond trees. To study the WUEi [i subscript] in different genotypes, gs and assimilation rate (A) in 5 mixed crosses of almond were examined. The significant correlations between gs [s subscript], A and internal concentration of CO₂ (Ci) [i subscript] indicated that A was probably limited by both stomatal and non-stomatal parameters that might be affected by genotype variations. Mesophyll anatomy and gs [s subscript] between three almond varieties (Nonpareil, Carmel and Masbovera) were also compared. The results demonstrated that the post-venous hydraulic distance Dm [m subscript] and the density of mesophyll cells might indirectly affect gs [s subscript].Thesis (M.Phil.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2014
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Deficit irrigation strategy"
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Rai, Abhijit, Sayantan Sarkar e Prakash Kumar Jha. "Deficit Irrigation: An Optimization Strategy for a Sustainable Agriculture". In Soil-Water, Agriculture, and Climate Change, 163–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12059-6_9.
Testo completo
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El-Otmani, Mohamed, Fatima Alahian, Charif Azrof, Chouaibi Anouar e Redouane Choukrallah. "Deficit Irrigation as a Strategy in Irrigating Citrus Tree Plantings Under Water Scarcity Conditions". In Water Resources in Arid Lands: Management and Sustainability, 235–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67028-3_20.
Testo completo
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Kisekka, I., e J. Aguilar. "Deficit Irrigation as a Strategy to Cope with Declining Groundwater Supplies: Experiences from Kansas". In Emerging Issues in Groundwater Resources, 51–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32008-3_3.
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Abu-hashim, Mohamed, e Abdelazim Negm. "Deficit Irrigation Management as Strategy Under Conditions of Water Scarcity; Potential Application in North Sinai, Egypt". In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 35–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2018_292.
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Seguela, Geraldine, John Richard Littlewood e George Karani. "Evaluation of a Landscape Irrigation Management Strategy to Support Abu Dhabi Update Its Water-Related Standards". In Water Quality - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107297.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter discusses an landscape irrigation (LI) strategy to enable 100% non-potable water reuse through soil improvement, thereby reducing the environmental impacts. The case study site is a medical facility including 33,257 m2 of landscaping in Abu Dhabi (AD), the capital of the United Arab Emirates. The aim of this research is to increase net-carbon sinks, a pillar of decarbonization, as the basis for a proposed protocol to implement soil improvement techniques for the landscape architecture/agriculture industries. The interventions, based on AD soil and water recycling standards, included three different soil additives in 2016 and 2017, together with the calculation and implementation of a suitable irrigation rate to establish LI demand and reduce a five-month shortfall in air-conditioning condensate water supply. The intervention results show the case study irrigation rate was 50% less after soil improvement than the AD Municipality irrigation standard and that the LI condensate water deficit decreased by 8046 m3, a 42% reduction. The research demonstrates that carbon sinks can be increased through improved soil management; this highlights the need to update AD’s water-related standards to help the city achieve its 2030 target of a 22% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Deficit irrigation strategy"
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Hanson, B., K. Bali, S. Orloff, H. Carlson, B. Sanden e D. Putnam. "Midsummer deficit irrigation of alfalfa as a strategy for providing water for water-short areas". In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si080121.
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"Maize Response to a Deficit-irrigation Strategy in a Dry Region". In 2015 ASABE North Central Intersectional Conference. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/rrv15-035.
Testo completo
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Hanson, B. R., K. M. Bali, S. B. Orloff, B. L. Sanden e D. Putnam. "Mid-Summer Deficit Irrigation of Alfalfa as a Strategy for Saving Water". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)423.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Deficit irrigation strategy"
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Cohen, Roni, Kevin Crosby, Menahem Edelstein, John Jifon, Beny Aloni, Nurit Katzir, Haim Nerson e Daniel Leskovar. Grafting as a strategy for disease and stress management in muskmelon production. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613874.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The overall objective of this research was to elucidate the horticultural, pathological, physiological and molecular factors impacting melon varieties (scion) grafted onto M. cannonballus resistant melon and squash rootstocks. Specific objectives were- to compare the performance of resistant melon germplasm (grafted and non-grafted) when exposed to M. cannoballus in the Lower Rio Grande valley and the Wintergarden, Texas, and in the Arava valley, Israel; to address inter-species relationships between a Monosporascus resistant melon rootstock and susceptible melon scions in terms of fruit-set, fruit quality and yield; to study the factors which determine the compatibility between the rootstock and the scion in melon; to compare the responses of graft unions of differing compatibilities under disease stress, high temperatures, deficit irrigation, and salinity stress; and to investigate the effect of rootstock on stress related gene expression in the scion. Some revisions were- to include watermelon in the Texas investigations since it is much more economically important to the state, and also to evaluate additional vine decline pathogens Didymella bryoniae and Macrophomina phaseolina. Current strategies for managing vine decline rely heavily on soil fumigation with methyl bromide, but restrictions on its use have increased the need for alternative management strategies. Grafting of commercial melon varieties onto resistant rootstocks with vigorous root systems is an alternative to methyl bromide for Monosporascus root rot/vine decline (MRR/VD) management in melon production. Extensive selection and breeding has already produced potential melon rootstock lines with vigorous root systems and disease resistance. Melons can also be grafted onto Cucurbita spp., providing nonspecific but efficient protection from a wide range of soil-borne diseases and against some abiotic stresses, but compatibility between the scion and the rootstock can be problematic. During the first year experiments to evaluate resistance to the vine decline pathogens Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella bryoniae, and Macrophomina phaseolina in melon and squash rootstocks proved the efficacy of these grafted plants in improving yield and quality. Sugars and fruit size were better in grafted versus non-grafted plants in both Texas and Israel. Two melons (1207 and 124104) and one pumpkin, Tetsukabuto, were identified as the best candidate rootstocks in Texas field trials, while in Israel, the pumpkin rootstock RS59 performed best. Additionally, three hybrid melon rootstocks demonstrated excellent resistance to both M. cannonballus and D. bryoniae in inoculated tests, suggesting that further screening for fruit quality and yield should be conducted. Experiments with ABA in Uvalde demonstrated a significant increase in drought stress tolerance and concurrent reduction in transplant shock due to reduced transpiration for ‘Caravelle’ plants. In Israel, auxin was implicated in reducing root development and contributing to increased hydrogen peroxide, which may explain incompatibility reactions with some squash rootstocks. However, trellised plants responded favorably to auxin (NAA) application at the time of fruit development. Gene expression analyses in Israel identified several cDNAs which may code for phloem related proteins, cyclins or other factors which impact the graft compatibility. Manipulation of these genes by transformation or traditional breeding may lead to improved rootstock cultivars. Commercial applications of the new melon rootstocks as well as the ABA and TIBA growth regulators have potential to improve the success of grafted melons in both Israel and Texas. The disease resistance, fruit quality and yield data generated by the field trials will help producers in both locations to decide what rootstock/scion combinations will be best.