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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Detectors"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

Blondel, Paul, Alex Potelle, Claude Pégard, and Rogelio Lozano. "Collaborative training of far infrared and visible models for human detection." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 10 (2019): A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2019016.

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This paper is about the collaborative training of a far infrared and a visible spectrum human detector; the idea is to use the strengths of one detector to fill the weaknesses of the other detector and vice versa. At first infrared and visible human detectors are pre-trained using initial training datasets. Then, the detectors are used to collect as many detections as possible. The validity of each detection is tested using a low-level criteria based on an objectness measure. New training data are generated in a coupled way based on these detections and thus reinforce both the infrared and the

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2

AL-Rawi, Muhanned, and Muaayed AL-Rawi. "Combined Detector with Retraining Data Sequence." Technological Engineering 15, no. 1 (2018): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teen-2018-0009.

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Abstract Two detectors are presented in this paper which are used to handle intersymbol interference introduced by the communication channels. These two detectors are based on combination of nonlinear equalizer and Viterbi detector. The first detector, which was previously developed, is named Combined Detector1(CDR1), while, the second detector, which is the contribution of this paper, is named Combined Detector-2(CDR2). CDR2 is similar to CDR1 but with retraining data sequence. These detectors are tested beside nonlinear equalizer using data transmission at 9.6kb/s over telephone channel. Sim

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3

Martyniuk, P., and A. Rogalski. "Theoretical modelling of MWIR thermoelectrically cooled nBn HgCdTe detector." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 61, no. 1 (2013): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2013-0020.

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Abstract The paper reports on the medium wavelength infrared (MWIR) unipolar barrier infrared detector (UBIRD) nBn/B-n type (n-type barrier) HgCdTe detector’s photoelectrical performance. The UBIRD nBn/B-n type HgCdTe detector was modelled using commercially available software APSYS. Detailed analysis of the detector’s performance (such as dark current, photocurrent, responsivity, and detectivity) versus bias voltage, operating temperatures, and structural parameters (cap, barrier, and absorber’s doping as well as cap and barrier compositions) were performed pointing out optimal working condit

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4

Chen, Jiangtian. "Analysis of the Principle and Applications of Infrared Detectors in Cosmology." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 72 (December 15, 2023): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/7g1bc173.

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As a matter of fact, infrared detectors are widely used and applied in cosmology detections. On this basis, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the principles and applications of infrared detectors in the field of cosmology. The paper discusses the two main types of infrared detectors: bolometer arrays and photon detector arrays, explaining their underlying principles and highlighting their applications in astronomy. It also presents the advancements in infrared detector technology, such as the use of different materials and the development of large-scale bolometer arrays. The pape

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Koike, Ryuto, Masahiro Kaneko, and Naoaki Okazaki. "OUTFOX: LLM-Generated Essay Detection Through In-Context Learning with Adversarially Generated Examples." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 19 (2024): 21258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i19.30120.

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved human-level fluency in text generation, making it difficult to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated texts. This poses a growing risk of misuse of LLMs and demands the development of detectors to identify LLM-generated texts. However, existing detectors lack robustness against attacks: they degrade detection accuracy by simply paraphrasing LLM-generated texts. Furthermore, a malicious user might attempt to deliberately evade the detectors based on detection results, but this has not been assumed in previous studies. In this paper, we pro

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6

Wang, Mingyang, Zheng Li, Bo Xiong, and Yongguang Xiao. "Electrical Characteristics of 3D Trench Electrode Germanium Detector with Nested Complementary Cathodes." Micromachines 14, no. 11 (2023): 2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14112051.

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High-purity germanium detectors, widely employed in fields such as aerospace applications based on radiation detection principles, have garnered attention due to their broad detection range and fast response time. However, these detectors often require larger sensitive area volumes to achieve larger signals and higher detection efficiency. Additionally, the large distance between the electrodes contributes to an issue of incomplete charge collection, which significantly restricts their application in space applications. To enhance the electrical performance of high-purity germanium detectors,

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7

Turunen, Vesa, Marko Kosunen, Sami Kallioinen, Aarno Pärssinen, and Jussi Ryynänen. "The effects of non-linearity in spectrum sensing receivers." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 7 (2015): 995–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715001130.

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This paper analyses the effects of receiver non-linearity on the performance of the most commonly utilized signal detectors in cognitive radio systems. The analysis covers both self-modulation products of a single orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal and intermodulation(IM)products of two OFDM signals, and also their contribution to the probability of false detections. As a result, this work presents the linearity requirements for the spectrum sensor receiver front-end as a function of the sensitivity of the signal detector. Furthermore, we show that the cyclostationary fea

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8

Wang, Mingyang, Zheng Li, Bo Xiong, and Yongguang Xiao. "TCAD Simulation Study of Electrical Performance of a Novel High-Purity Germanium Drift Detector." Micromachines 16, no. 2 (2025): 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16020229.

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High-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors occupy a prominent position in fields such as radiation detection and aerospace because of their excellent energy resolution and wide detection range. To achieve a broader detection range, conventional HPGe detectors often need to be expanded to cubic-centimeter-scale volumes. However, this increase in volume leads to a large detector area, which in turn increases the detector capacitance, affecting the detector’s noise level and performance. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel high-purity germanium drift detector (HPGeDD). The design featu

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9

Chi, Yao Dan, Di Yuan, and Xiao Tian Yang. "Introduction to Intelligent Transportation Vehicle Detector." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1369.

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Increasingly grim situation in recent years due to traffic, the new traffic conditions to the vehicle detector development and application of proposed new requirements, this paper introduces a new form of intelligent transportation vehicle detectors at the request of Vehicle Detector Research be brief, a brief analysis of a variety of vehicle detector works that feature discusses the trend of vehicle detector’s development

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10

Lapid, Raz, Almog Dubin, and Moshe Sipper. "Fortify the Guardian, Not the Treasure: Resilient Adversarial Detectors." Mathematics 12, no. 22 (2024): 3451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12223451.

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Adaptive adversarial attacks, where adversaries tailor their strategies with full knowledge of defense mechanisms, pose significant challenges to the robustness of adversarial detectors. In this paper, we introduce RADAR (Robust Adversarial Detection via Adversarial Retraining), an approach designed to fortify adversarial detectors against such adaptive attacks while preserving the classifier’s accuracy. RADAR employs adversarial training by incorporating adversarial examples—crafted to deceive both the classifier and the detector—into the training process. This dual optimization enables the d

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11

Ambrožová, Iva, Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová, Vyacheslav A. Shurshakov, Raisa V. Tolochek, and Satoshi Kodaira. "ANGULAR DEPENDENCE OF TRACK-ETCH DETECTOR HARZLAS TD-1." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 186, no. 2-3 (2019): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz206.

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Abstract Track-etched detectors are commonly used also for radiation monitoring onboard International Space Station. To be registered in track-etched detectors, the particle needs to meet several criteria—it must have linear energy transfer above the detection threshold and strike the detector’s surface under an angle higher than the so-called critical angle. Linear energy transfer is then estimated from calibration curve from the etch rate ratio V that is calculated from parameters of individual tracks appearing on the detector’s surface after chemical etching. It has been observed that V can

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12

Kushoro, Matteo Hakeem, Marica Rebai, Marco Tardocchi, et al. "Detector Response to D-D Neutrons and Stability Measurements with 4H Silicon Carbide Detectors." Materials 14, no. 3 (2021): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030568.

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The use of wide-band-gap solid-state neutron detectors is expanding in environments where a compact size and high radiation hardness are needed, such as spallation neutron sources and next-generation fusion machines. Silicon carbide is a very promising material for use as a neutron detector in these fields because of its high resistance to radiation, fast response time, stability and good energy resolution. In this paper, measurements were performed with neutrons from the ISIS spallation source with two different silicon carbide detectors together with stability measurements performed in a lab

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13

Kania, D. R. "Radiation-induced conductivity: High-speed detection of X rays and neutrons." Laser and Particle Beams 9, no. 1 (1991): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600002354.

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Radiation-induced conductivity (RIC) is a generalized term for photoconductivity expanded to include nonelectromagnetic radiation. RIC offers several distinct advantages for the detection of high-energy radiation: (i) the speed of response of a detector is determined by a bulk property of the material, the carrier lifetime; (ii) the detector can be directly illuminated by the signal radiation-no dead layer; and (iii) the selection of the detector material and its geometry is very flexible. This paper will discuss the principles of RIC for X rays and neutrons, the fabrication of detectors, and

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Begeman, Christopher, Dennis Helder, Larry Leigh, and Chase Pinkert. "Relative Radiometric Correction of Pushbroom Satellites Using the Yaw Maneuver." Remote Sensing 14, no. 12 (2022): 2820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122820.

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Earth-imaging satellites commonly acquire multispectral imagery using linear array detectors formatted as a pushbroom scanner. Landsat 8, a well-known example, uses pushbroom scanning and thus has 73,000 individual detectors. These 73,000 detectors are split among 14 different focal plane modules (FPM), and each detector and FPM exhibit unique behavior when monitoring a uniform radiance value. To correct for each detector’s differences in sensor measurement, a novel technique of relative gain estimation that employs an optimized modified signal-to-noise ratio through a 90∘ yaw maneuver, also k

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15

Huang, Yujie, Jing Yang, Degang Zhao, et al. "Role of Vacancy Defects in Reducing the Responsivity of AlGaN Schottky Barrier Ultraviolet Detectors." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (2022): 3148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183148.

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The spectral response properties of AlGaN Schottky barrier detectors with different Al content were investigated. It was found that the responsivity of AlGaN detectors decreases with increase in Al content in AlGaN. It was found that neither dislocation density nor the concentration of carbon and oxygen impurities made any remarkable difference in these AlGaN devices. However, the positron annihilation experiments showed that the concentration of Al or Ga vacancy defects (more likely Ga vacancy defects) in AlGaN active layers increased with the increase in Al content. It is assumed that the Al

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16

Vasilyeva, O., and Y. Kozak. "ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINING METHODS OF THE THERMAL FIRE DETECTORS TIME PARAMETERS." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 175 (2023): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-136-144.

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The article is devoted to substantiating the pulse method of time parameters determining - the thermal fire detectors' operation time and constant time with a thermal resist sensitive element. Significant research is that the time parameters of thermal fire detectors include the operation time and constant time that are interconnected. It is shown that the contribution of constant time to the operation time can be up to 20% at a speed of change in ambient temperature 0.50C per C-1. It is also found that their testing is used to determine the time parameters of thermal fire detectors, which are

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17

Bieszczad, Grzegorz, and Mariusz Kastek. "Measurement of Thermal Behavior of Detector Array Surface with the Use of Microscopic Thermal Camera." Metrology and Measurement Systems 18, no. 4 (2011): 679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-011-0064-6.

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Measurement of Thermal Behavior of Detector Array Surface with the Use of Microscopic Thermal Camera Modern infrared cameras are constructed with two main types of infrared detectors: photon detectors and thermal detectors. Because of economic reasons, vast numbers of modern thermal cameras are constructed with the use of infrared microbolometric detectors which belong to the group of thermal detectors. Thermal detectors detect incident infrared radiation by measuring changes of temperature on the surface of a special micro-bridge structure. Thermal detectors, like microbolometric detectors on

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18

Stanton, M., W. C. Phillips, Y. Li, and K. Kalata. "The detective quantum efficiency of CCD and vidicon-based detectors for X-ray crystallographic applications." Journal of Applied Crystallography 25, no. 5 (1992): 638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889892005211.

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The detective quantum efficiency (DQE) characterizes the measurement uncertainty introduced by a detector. A formulation of the DQE for CCD and vidicon-based X-ray integrating detectors is developed and illustrated with five model detectors. A comparison of the calculated and measured DQEs for two of these detectors is presented. From an examination of the DQEs for the model detectors, generalizations are made regarding detector designs.

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19

Wang, Mingyang, Manwen Liu, Jun Zhao, et al. "TCAD simulation of the electrical properties of a novel meander strip electrode pixel High-Purity Germanium detector." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 03 (2025): P03005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/03/p03005.

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Abstract High-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, serving as crucial devices that convert radiation signals into electrical signals, are characterized by their wide detection range and high energy resolution, which makes them widely applicable in fields such as nuclear physics research and aerospace. HPGe detectors require a large sensitive area thickness to achieve a broad energy detection range. However, the incomplete charge collection becomes more pronounced due to the large size of HPGe detectors. Furthermore, the limited position resolution of large-size detectors greatly hinders the adva

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20

Zhang, C., G. Wu, Z. Li, et al. "The response of an Al-¹⁰B₄C coupled neutron detector based on PIPS technology to Cf-252." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 11 (2023): P11005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11005.

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Abstract After decades of discussions, it has been firmly established that detectors made of silicon-based semiconductor materials can be effectively used for neutron detection by simply coating them with suitable substances. The incident thermal neutrons interact with the coating neutron-sensitive materials such as 10B and 6LiF, resulting in the production of secondary charged particles which can be effectively detected in the sequencial silicon substrate. In this article, the detector system was designed with a coupled neutron detector structure which combined a silicon detector with a 10B4C

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21

Muchmore, Steven W. "Experiences with CCD detectors on a home X-ray source." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 55, no. 10 (1999): 1669–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444999010689.

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Charged-coupled device (CCD) detectors have been widely accepted as detectors for collecting X-ray diffraction images. The CCD detector offers a sensitive detection system well suited for diffraction analysis and, compared with other detectors on the market, a relatively rapid system for read-out of the collected image. The two predominant markets for the CCD detector have been those in which relatively short exposure times are used,i.e.small-molecule X-ray diffraction and large-molecule crystallography at high-intensity synchrotron sources. CCD detectors have not been commonly used on rotatin

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Yermolayev, D. M., E. A. Polushkin, S. Yu Shapoval, et al. "Detection of Terahertz Radiation by Dense Arrays of InGaAs Transistors." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 24, no. 01n02 (2015): 1550002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156415500020.

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Detection of terahertz radiation by GaAs transistor structures has been studied experimentally. The two types of samples under study included dense arrays of HEMTs and large-apertures detectors. Arrays consisted of parallel and series chains with asymmetric gate transistors for enhanced photoresponse on terahertz radiation. We investigated two types of wide-aperture detectors: grating gate detector, and single gate detector with bow-tie antenna. Wide-aperture detectors were symmetrical. Studies of transistor chains have shown that two essential features for this type of detector are the presen

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Zhang, Zenggang, Xiangjun Chen, Chuanmin Tai, Guansan Tian, and Guozhao Han. "Analysis of Resistance in Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) Detectors for Natural Gas Pipelines." Sensors 24, no. 23 (2024): 7563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24237563.

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This study systematically explores the sources and influencing factors of resistance encountered by magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detectors in natural gas pipelines through a theoretical analysis, experimental investigation, and numerical simulation. The research methodology involves the development of a fluid–structure interaction model using ABAQUS 2023 finite element software, complemented by the design and implementation of a pull-testing platform for MFL detectors. This platform simulates detector operation under various interference conditions and quantifies the resulting frictional resist

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Madejczyk, P., W. Gawron, A. Kębłowski, et al. "Higher Operating Temperature IR Detectors of the MOCVD Grown HgCdTe Heterostructures." Journal of Electronic Materials 49, no. 11 (2020): 6908–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08369-3.

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Abstract This paper summarizes progress in metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technology achieved in recent years at the Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology and VIGO System S.A. MOCVD with a wide range of composition and donor/acceptor doping and without post-growth annealing is a very convenient tool for the deposition of HgCdTe epilayers used for uncooled infrared detectors. Particular attention is focused on: surface morphology improvement, doping issues, diffusion processes during growth study, substrate issues, crystallographic orientation selecti

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Jaume, Rafel, Rodrigo Tenorio, and Alicia M. Sintes. "Assessing the Similarity of Continuous Gravitational-Wave Signals to Narrow Instrumental Artifacts." Universe 10, no. 3 (2024): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe10030121.

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Continuous gravitational-wave (CW) signals are long-lasting quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals expected to be emitted by rapidly rotating non-axisymmetric neutron stars. Depending on the rotational frequency and sky location of the source, certain CW signals may behave in a similar manner to narrow-band artifacts present in ground-based interferometric detectors. Part of the detector characterization tasks in the current generation of interferometric detectors (Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA) aim at understanding the origin of these narrow artifacts, commonly known as "sp

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Martínek, Petr, Jana Míšková, and Pavel Podaný. "Corrosion Resistance of Casings for Metal Detectors in Food Industry Made of Cr-Ni Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 647 (May 2015): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.647.248.

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The paper discusses the problem of recurrent corrosion of casing of metal detectors used in food industry. The detector casing is fabricated by welding sheets of X5CrNi18-10 stainless steel. The detectors in service suffered non-uniform spot corrosion. The likely cause of the corrosion attack was the accumulated contamination of the detector surface with cleaning and disinfecting agents containing chlorine. The sheet surfaces of the original detectors were shot-blasted. After the sheet finishing process was changed to grinding and minor design changes were made, the corrosion resistance of the

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Kalina Szafarczyk. "Reducing the Multi-Sensor Smoke Detectors Susceptibility to False Triggering." SAFETY & FIRE TECHNOLOGY 60, no. 2 (2022): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12845/sft.60.2.2022.9;.

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Cel: An assessment of the possibility of reducing the susceptibility of fire detectors to false alarms was carried out by: 1) analysing the impact of changing the operating modes of a multi-sensor detector on minimizing false alarms, and 2) verifying, using ANOVA tests, two hypotheses: either the settings or the sensitivity of the sensor affect the susceptibility of the detectors to false alarms. Projekt i metody: In order to assess the impact of false alarms on the operation of facilities equipped with a Fire Alarm System, a survey was conducted, directed at their administrators. A study of t

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Esfandi, Fatemeh, Shahyar Saramad, and Mohammad Amin Jalilvand. "Finite Element Simulation of a Novel Nano 3D Semiconductor Detector Fabricated by Anodizing the Aluminium." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.212.

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The unique geometry of micro 3D semiconductor detectors, presents several advantages over conventional planar silicon detectors. But, manufacturing these kind of detectors requires high technology. The novel idea to achieve a high performance and low cost semiconductor detector is using the nanopattern of anodized aluminium as a mask to create nano3D detectors. The simulation results show that this novel nano3D radiation hard semiconductor detector with collection time less than 10 ps and full depletion voltage less than one volt can become increasingly important for possible future upgrades o

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Taguchi, Takeyoshi, Christian Brönnimann, and Eric F. Eikenberry. "Next generation X-ray detectors for in-house XRD." Powder Diffraction 23, no. 2 (2008): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2912455.

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A novel type X-ray detector, called PILATUS, has been developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland during the last decade. PILATUS detectors are two-dimensional hybrid pixel array detectors, which operate in single-photon counting mode. PILATUS detectors feature a very wide dynamic range (1:1 000 000), very short readout time (<3.0 ms), no readout noise, and very high counting rate (>2×106counts/s/pixel). In addition, a lower energy threshold can be set in order to suppress fluorescence background from the sample, thus a very good signal-to-noise ratio is achieved. The combinat

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Baum, Sebastian, Zachary Bogorad, and Peter W. Graham. "Gravitational wave measurement in the mid-band with atom interferometers." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2024, no. 05 (2024): 027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/05/027.

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Abstract Gravitational Waves (GWs) have been detected in the ∼ 100 Hz and nHz bands, but most of the gravitational spectrum remains unobserved. A variety of detector concepts have been proposed to expand the range of observable frequencies. In this work, we study the capability of GW detectors in the “mid-band”, the ∼ 30 mHz– 10 Hz range between LISA and LIGO, to measure the signals from and constrain the properties of ∼ 1 – 100 M ⊙ compact binaries. We focus on atom-interferometer-based detectors. We describe a Fisher matrix code, AIMforGW, which we created to evaluate their capabilities, and

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Mindur, Bartosz, Tomasz Fiutowski, Stefan Koperny, Piotr Wiącek, and Władysław Dąbrowski. "Investigation of Copper-Less Gas Electron Multiplier Detectors Responses to Soft X-rays." Sensors 20, no. 10 (2020): 2784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102784.

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In this paper, we report on the systematic study of different variants of X-ray detectors based on Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology using modified GEM foils with greatly reduced amount of copper. The main goal of this study was understanding the performance of such detectors applied in X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) elemental analysis. Reduction of the amount of copper in the detector structure is crucial for suppression of XRF background from copper, but one has to ensure that key detector parameters are not affected by such modification. The tested detector variants include detectors with

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Færch, Laust, Wolfgang Dierking, Nick Hughes, and Anthony P. Doulgeris. "A comparison of constant false alarm rate object detection algorithms for iceberg identification in L- and C-band SAR imagery of the Labrador Sea." Cryosphere 17, no. 12 (2023): 5335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5335-2023.

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Abstract. In this study, we pursue two objectives: first, we compare six different “constant false alarm rate” (CFAR) algorithms for iceberg detection in SAR images, and second, we investigate the effect of radar frequency by comparing the detection performance at C- and L-band. The SAR images were acquired over the Labrador Sea under melting conditions. In an overlapping optical Sentinel-2 image, 492 icebergs were identified in the area. They were used for an assessment of the algorithms' capabilities to accurately detect them in the SAR images and for the determination of the number of false

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Ding, Yuening, Heyang Weng, Jili You, and Yuanbo Zhang. "Comparison of Different Planet Detectors: Juno Spacecraft, Akatsuki and Perseverance Mars Rover." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 38 (March 16, 2023): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v38i.5971.

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In the modern society, scholars and researchers have already gained a fundamental understanding of our solar system, based on the multiple samples taken from a variety of detectors. Indeed, the detectors of planets in solar system play a vital role to investigate different planets. Therefore, with this in mind, this paper has compared with several state-of-art main-stream detectors, including Juno spacecraft, Akatsuki and Perseverance Mars Rover. According to the sample from Perseverance Mars Rover, scientists can make a progress in the understanding of Mars’s composition and whether there is

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Jang, Hyo-Yeon, and Cheol-Hong Hwang. "Obscuration Threshold Database Construction of Smoke Detectors for Various Combustibles." Sensors 20, no. 21 (2020): 6272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216272.

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The obscuration thresholds for various smoke detectors and combustibles, required as an input parameter in fire simulation, were measured to predict the accurate activation time of detectors. One ionization detector and nine photoelectric detectors were selected. A fire detector evaluator, which can uniformly control the velocity and smoke concentration, was utilized. Filter paper, liquid fuels, and polymer pellets were employed as smoke-generation combustibles. The nominal obscuration thresholds of the considered detectors were 15 %/m, but the ionization detectors activated at approximately 4

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Kitazono, Yuhki, Kohei Miyata, Shota Nakashima, Li Feng Zhang, and Serikawa Seiichi. "Development of Position Detector with Large Sensing Area Using Frosted Glass." Applied Mechanics and Materials 103 (September 2011): 600–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.103.600.

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This paper proposes a new position detector using frosted glass and four photo detectors. Four photo detectors are arranged under the four corners of the rough surface of frosted glass. When this sensor is irradiated by laser pointer, the light repeats reflection in the frosted glass and arrives at the photo detectors. The light intensity decreases by the increasing of distance between the photo detector and the irradiating point. Therefore, the distance between a photo detector and the irradiation point can be worked out from the output of the photo detectors. Thus, the light irradiation poin

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36

Kushnir, Andrii, Bohdan Kopchak, and Andrii Gavryliuk. "Operational algorithm for a heat detector used in motor vehicles." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 10(111) (2021): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.231894.

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In most cases, fixed temperature heat detectors are used to detect fire in vehicles. The response parameter of such detectors is constant. The time of fire detection by a fire detector, as well as the probability of its false operation, are affected by heat flux from an internal combustion engine. This paper reports the development and investigation of an operational algorithm of the fixed-dynamic heat detectors with variable response parameters. Depending on the temperature influence exerted by engine operation modes, a given algorithm automatically changes a value of the minimal static respo

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Ibragimov, Renat F., Yakov A. Kokorev, Anastasia P. Denisenko, Elena V. Ryabeva, Valery T. Samosadny, and Hamza Hasnaoui. "Experimental determination of the induced activity in activation detectors of a complex geometric shape." Nuclear Energy and Technology 6, no. 3 (2020): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.6.57738.

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The paper presents the results of experimental determination of the induced activity in copper-/aluminum-based activation detectors when irradiated with neutrons with energies of about 14 MeV. The activation detectors were square-shaped metal plates with a thickness from 1.0 to 1.5 mm and a side size about 5.0 cm. These dimensions significantly exceed those of the detectors that are used in the research of high-intensity neutron fluxes. The detectors described in this work can be used for studying low-intensity neutron fluxes (with a flux density of up to 106 n/cm2∙s). It is shown that, when w

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Ibragimov, Renat F., Yakov A. Kokorev, Anastasia P. Denisenko, Elena V. Ryabeva, Valery T. Samosadny, and Hamza Hasnaoui. "Experimental determination of the induced activity in activation detectors of a complex geometric shape." Nuclear Energy and Technology 6, no. (3) (2020): 149–54. https://doi.org/10.3897/nucet.6.57738.

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Abstract (sommario):

The paper presents the results of experimental determination of the induced activity in copper-/aluminum-based activation detectors when irradiated with neutrons with energies of about 14 MeV. The activation detectors were square-shaped metal plates with a thickness from 1.0 to 1.5 mm and a side size about 5.0 cm. These dimensions significantly exceed those of the detectors that are used in the research of high-intensity neutron fluxes. The detectors described in this work can be used for studying low-intensity neutron fluxes (with a flux density of up to 10<sup>6</sup> n/cm<sup>2</sup>∙s). It

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39

KWON, HEESUNG, NASSER M. NASRABADI, and PATTI GILLESPIE. "NONLINEAR CHEMICAL PLUME DETECTION USING KERNEL-BASED MATCHED SUBSPACE DETECTORS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 17, no. 04 (2007): 813–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156407005004.

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In this paper, we compare several detection algorithms that are based on spectral matched (subspace) filters. Nonlinear (kernel) versions of these spectral matched (subspace) detectors are also discussed and their performance is compared with the linear versions. These kernel-based detectors exploit the nonlinear correlations between the spectral bands that are ignored by the conventional detectors. Several well-known matched detectors, such as matched subspace detector, orthogonal subspace detector, spectral matched filter and adaptive subspace detector (adaptive cosine estimator) are extende

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40

Liang, Gongbo, Jesus Guerrero, Fengbo Zheng та Izzat Alsmadi. "Enhancing Neural Text Detector Robustness with μAttacking and RR-Training". Electronics 12, № 8 (2023): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081948.

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Abstract (sommario):

With advanced neural network techniques, language models can generate content that looks genuinely created by humans. Such advanced progress benefits society in numerous ways. However, it may also bring us threats that we have not seen before. A neural text detector is a classification model that separates machine-generated text from human-written ones. Unfortunately, a pretrained neural text detector may be vulnerable to adversarial attack, aiming to fool the detector into making wrong classification decisions. Through this work, we propose μAttacking, a mutation-based general framework that

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Xu, Shuyu, Zijun Yan, and Qingyang Wei. "A Survey of Crystals for SPECT Imaging." Crystals 14, no. 12 (2024): 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14121039.

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Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an important nuclear medicine imaging tool for diagnosis and drug research. The gamma-ray detector is the core component of the SPECT system and influences the overall system performance. The detector crystals, which can be divided into scintillation crystals and semiconductor crystals, are among the main determinants of the detector’s performance. The development of these crystal materials plays an important role in improving SPECT imaging. This paper provides a survey of the technological development and applications of several crystals c

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Abdulla, Karima, Abtisam A. Alakrout, Manal Omer, and Samah Aghtisa. "EVALUATION STUDY OF LANTHANUM HALIDE DETECTORS (LABR3:CE , LACL3:CE, NAI(TL), (HPGE)." Scientific Journal of Applied Sciences of Sabratha University 3, no. 2 (2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47891/sabujas.v3i2.42-52.

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Abstract (sommario):

Through the use of thesources spectrums 22Na (S311.PH), 60Co (S297.PH), 133Ba (S295.PH), 137Cs (S296.PH) and 152Eu (S285.PH) the properties of Lanthanum Tri-Bromide (LaBr3:Ce) and Lanthanum Tri-Chloride (LaCl3:Ce) scintillation detectors were compared against Sodium Iodide (NaI(Tl)) scintillation and Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) semiconductor detectors. In all instances the HPGe detector was found to be superior, So, Hyper Pure Germanium detectors (HPGe) are outstanding devices for radioactivity spectroscopy. In addition the LaBr3:Ce and LaCl3:Ce detectors were always found to be superior to th

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43

Hatsui, Takaki, and Heinz Graafsma. "X-ray imaging detectors for synchrotron and XFEL sources." IUCrJ 2, no. 3 (2015): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205225251500010x.

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Abstract (sommario):

Current trends for X-ray imaging detectors based on hybrid and monolithic detector technologies are reviewed. Hybrid detectors with photon-counting pixels have proven to be very powerful tools at synchrotrons. Recent developments continue to improve their performance, especially for higher spatial resolution at higher count rates with higher frame rates. Recent developments for X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) experiments provide high-frame-rate integrating detectors with both high sensitivity and high peak signal. Similar performance improvements are sought in monolithic detectors. The monoli

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Rybarczyk, R. Joseph, Alexandria E. D. Federick, Oleksandr Kokhan, Ryan Luckay, and Giovanna Scarel. "Probing electromagnetic wave energy with an in-series assembly of thermoelectric devices." AIP Advances 12, no. 4 (2022): 045201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0082749.

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Abstract (sommario):

We study the interaction of radio waves, microwaves, and infrared laser light of power P and period τ with a macroscopic thermoelectric (TEC) device-based detector and probe the energy Pτ as being the energy of these electromagnetic (EM) waves. Our detectors are in-series assemblies of TEC devices. We treat these detectors as equivalent to capacitors and/or inductors. The energy Pτ enables characterizing detector’s parameters, such as equivalent capacitance, inductance, resistance, responsivities, effective power, and efficiency. Through various scaling procedures, Pτ also aids in determining

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45

Krupiński, Michał, Grzegorz Bieszczad, Tomasz Sosnowski, Henryk Madura, and Sławomir Gogler. "Non-Uniformity Correction in Microbolometer Array with Temperature Influence Compensation." Metrology and Measurement Systems 21, no. 4 (2014): 709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2014-0050.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract In the article a non-uniformity correction method is presented which allows to compensate for the influence of detector’s temperature drift. For this purpose, dependency between output signal value and the temperature of the detector array was investigated. Additionally the influence of the temperature on the Offset and Gain coefficients was measured. Presented method utilizes estimated dependency between output signal of detectors and their temperature. In the presented method, the shutter is used for establishing signal reference. Thermoelectric cooler is used for changing the tempe

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Giffen, William J., Elizabet Haro, Mark R. Lehto, and Jason D. Papastavrou. "Use and Misuse of Smoke Detectors in Residential Areas." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 3_suppl (1996): 1211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.3c.1211.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study examined the use and misuse of home smoke detectors in three cities in the United States: Dayton, Ohio, Union City, New Jersey, and San Francisco, California. A sample of 300 households, 100 in each city, were reached in telephone interviews which were concluded with a request to test the smoke detector. For the sample, 86% had a smoke detector, and 73% of those smoke detectors were working. Neither the presence of children or whether the smoke detector was preinstalled or purchased and installed by the homeowner were associated with the likelihood of owning a smoke detector or its

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47

Liou, Juin Jie, Hao-Tse Hsiao, I.-Cheng Yao, Jia-Syun Jheng, and Chu-Hsuan Lin. "The Superior Responsivity Enhancement of Thin-Film Ge Photodetectors by AuNP Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 8 (2020): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10080739.

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Abstract (sommario):

We have tried to improve the responsivity of germanium-based thin-film photodetectors. It has been shown that applying a mechanical strain to the detector led to a 46.6% enhancement on the 1550 nm detection. This improvement is better than the 1310 nm case, because the bandgap shrinkage is more beneficial to the small-energy photon detection. The AuNP coating is even more attractive for responsivity enhancement of thin-film germanium (Ge) detectors. The responsivity enhancement due to the AuNP deposition is as high as 89% and 47%, for the 1310 nm and 1550 nm detections, respectively. To the be

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48

García-Martín, Álvaro, Juan SanMiguel, and José Martínez. "Coarse-to-Fine Adaptive People Detection for Video Sequences by Maximizing Mutual Information †." Sensors 19, no. 1 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010004.

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Abstract (sommario):

Applying people detectors to unseen data is challenging since patterns distributions, such as viewpoints, motion, poses, backgrounds, occlusions and people sizes, may significantly differ from the ones of the training dataset. In this paper, we propose a coarse-to-fine framework to adapt frame by frame people detectors during runtime classification, without requiring any additional manually labeled ground truth apart from the offline training of the detection model. Such adaptation make use of multiple detectors mutual information, i.e., similarities and dissimilarities of detectors estimated

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Yang, Zhekai, and Yiran Dong. "Muon rate measurement under different thicknesses of Pb." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2381, no. 1 (2022): 012077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2381/1/012077.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract The major purpose of this paper is to analyze the rate of events under the different thicknesses of Pb on the top of two cosmic watch desktop muon detectors. The desktop muon detector is a simple, easy-built, and cheap cosmic ray muon detector. Using these detectors, the researchers experimented with different altitudes [2]. In this work, we concluded how the thickness of Pb above the detectors influences the rate of the muon. We placed one-on-top of another detector and changed the thickness of Pb above them. Using the python program, we analyzed a large number of data collected by t

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KARAHAN, Sümeye Nur, and Aykut KALAYCIOĞLU. "Utilization of deep learning architectures for MIMO detection." Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series A2-A3 Physical Sciences and Engineering 64, no. 2 (2022): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33769/aupse.1140193.

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Abstract (sommario):

Applications of deep learning in communications systems are becoming popular today with their powerful solutions to complex problems. This study considers the utilization of deep learning detectors for small-scale multiple-input multiple-output systems. Deep neural network, long short-term memory, and one-dimenisonal convolutional neural network architectures are discussed and the bit error rate performances of these deep learning based detectors are compared with the optimal maximum likelihood and sub-optimal minimum mean square error detectors. Simulation results show that the deep neural ne

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