Articoli di riviste: "Diesel exhaust gas detection"

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Lutic, Doina, Joakim Pagels, Robert Bjorklund, Peter Josza, Jacobus H. Visser, Ann W. Grant, Mats L. Johansson et al. "Detection of Soot Using a Resistivity Sensor Device Employing Thermophoretic Particle Deposition". Journal of Sensors 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/421072.

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Results are reported for thermophoretic deposition of soot particles on resistivity sensors as a monitoring technique for diesel exhaust particles with the potential of improved detection limit and sensitivity. Soot with similar characteristics as from diesel exhausts was generated by a propane flame and diluted in stages. The soot in a gas flow at 240–270C∘was collected on an interdigitated electrode structure held at a considerably lower temperature, 105–125C∘. The time delay for reaching measurable resistance values, the subsequent rate, and magnitude of resistance decrease were a function of the distance between the fingers in the electrodes and the degree of dilution of the soot containing flow. Soot deposition and subsequent removal by heating the sensor support was also performed in a real diesel exhaust. Good similarities between the behavior in our laboratory system and the real diesel exhaust were noticed.

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Yang, Xiaotao, Xiaonan Liu, Yanlong Mu, Yanbo He, Shaotian Chen, Zijian Zhang, Ziyin Jiang e Lele Yang. "Simulation and experimental study of diesel engine emission temperature based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy". Thermal Science 24, n. 1 Part A (2020): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190412461y.

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Based on the temperature measurement technology of tunable diode laser ab-sorption spectroscopy, the simulation and experimental research on the temperature measurement of CO2 gas emitted by D4114B Diesel engine is realized. The light source model, gas chamber model and data detection model were established by using SIMULINK, which is more general numerical simulation tool in MATLAB. Under the simulated Diesel engine emission environment, the measured CO2 gas temperature was obtained by model simulation and analyzed. The simulation relative error was 0.077%. The marine D4114B Diesel engine was used as the test object, the visual window was reconstructed on the exhaust light path, and an optical path test system was established. The tunable diode laser was used as the detection light source to carry out on-line test research on the CO2 gas temperature in the exhaust gas emission. The relative error was 4.4%. The results show that the model built by SIMULINK can reflect the actual laser modulation effect and CO2 gas absorption. The simulation results have certain reference value for the research of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy temperature measurement system.

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You, Zhang Ping, Wen Hui Zhang e Xiao Ping Ye. "Diesel Engine Inlet and Exhaust System Fault Detection Based on PSO-BP NN". Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (agosto 2014): 918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.918.

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There is high failure rate in diesel engine inlet and exhaust system, so the inlet and exhaust system condition monitoring and fault diagnosis is of great significance.To overcome drawbacks of pure BP algorithm, a heuristic algorithm is adopted to give a transition from particle swarm search to gradient descending search to set up a Particle Swarm Optimized Back Propagation (PSO-BP) Neutral Network (NN). Then vibration signals have been measured from a diesel cylinder head by simulating two faults:the gas leak and abnormal lash; The diesel engine vibration frequency energy signals after wavelet packet decomposition are taken as the input feature vectors of NN. Finally, we carry out fault detection experiment by the PSO-BP NN model to validate the method. Experiment results show that the PSO-BP NN has more fast convergence speed and higher diagnosis accuracy than BP NN, and it provides a new fault detection method for engine inlet and exhaust system.

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Damm, Christopher J., Donald Lucas, Robert F. Sawyer e Catherine P. Koshland. "Real-Time Measurement of Combustion Generated Particles with Photofragmentation-Fluorescence". Applied Spectroscopy 55, n. 11 (novembre 2001): 1478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702011953892.

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Excimer laser fragmentation-fluorescence spectroscopy (ELFFS) is a viable technique for real-time monitoring of carbonaceous particles in combustion exhausts. The exhaust from a single-cylinder two-stroke engine is diluted and diverted into the laser interrogation region, resulting in a particle concentration of approximately 1 × 107/cm3. Light from a 193 nm ArF laser photofragments the particles and then produces fluorescence from the atomic carbon fragments at 248 nm, CH fragments at 431 nm, and C2 fragments at 468 nm. The atomic carbon fluorescence signal is proportional to the number concentration of particles in the laser interrogation region. The 100-shot (1 s) detection limit for particles in the exhaust is 1 mg/m3, expressed as a mass concentration of particulate matter. Interferences from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are negligible. The relative fluorescence yield at 248 nm is four times greater from particles than from the gas phase hydrocarbons present in the exhaust. This high yield suggests that the gas phase hydrocarbon interference would not be problematic for measurements of diesel exhaust, where the ratio of particulate carbon to gas phase hydrocarbon is high.

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Liu, Xiaonan, Ao Guo, Yanbo He, Yanlong Mu e Xiaotao Yang. "Simulation and experiment of NOX concentration detection in diesel engine exhaust gas". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 467 (9 aprile 2020): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/467/1/012064.

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Wagner, T., e M. L. Wyszyński. "Aldehydes and Ketones in Engine Exhaust Emissions—a Review". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 210, n. 2 (aprile 1996): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_252_02.

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Aldehydes and ketones in engine exhaust gases are receiving increased attention and are beginning to be subject to special legislation due to their carcinogenic and ozone formation potential. This paper gives an overview of their properties as well as of the basic chemistry and conditions of their formation in internal combustion engines. Extensive research on the effects of engine operation and fuelling parameters is reviewed with specific references to gasoline, diesel, natural gas and methanol fuelled engines. This is accompanied by the review of the studies of the performance of exhaust catalytic converters with respect to aldehydes. Aldehyde detection and measurement methods are summarized and analysed from the point of view of their applicability to exhaust gas analysis.

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Deguchi, Yoshihiro, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Masaharu Tsuzaki, Akihiro Fushimi, Shinji Kobayashi e Kiyoshi Tanabe. "Detection of components in nanoparticles by resonant ionisation and laser breakdown time-of-flight mass spectrometry". Environmental Chemistry 5, n. 6 (2008): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08049.

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Environmental context. The monitoring of aerosol nanoparticles in the atmosphere is a ‘hot’ topic in environmental management. Such particles in the atmosphere are produced by the combustion of fossil fuels such as in engines. Although they make up only a small percentage of particle total mass, nanosized particles account for more than 90% of the particle number in diesel engine exhaust, and their harmful influences on human health are a serious issue. The system developed in this study has great potential to clarify the origin and behaviour of these aerosol particles more precisely using its online characteristics. Abstract. Resonance ionisation and laser breakdown time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) with particle size selectivity using a differential mobility analyser (DMA) was developed and applied to detect components in nanoparticles. The resonance ionisation and laser breakdown TOFMS method was demonstrated to have a sensitivity of ng m–3, and was shown to be applicable to nanoparticles using a newly developed standard nanoparticle generator. The developed system was successfully applied to 4-stroke diesel engine exhaust gas to show the mass spectrum patterns measured in 30 and 80-nm particles. The measured spectrum intensities were evaluated to calculate the concentration of organic compounds in nanoparticles, and these values were compared with low-pressure impactor measurement results. The two measurements showed concentrations with the same order of magnitude and the validity of the newly developed TOFMS method was examined using the nanoparticles in the actual diesel gas exhaust.

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Erickson, M. H., H. W. Wallace e B. T. Jobson. "Quantification of diesel exhaust gas phase organics by a thermal desorption proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, n. 2 (20 febbraio 2012): 5389–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-5389-2012.

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Abstract. A new approach was developed to measure the total abundance of long chain alkanes (C12 and above) in urban air using thermal desorption with a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). These species are emitted in diesel exhaust and may be important precursors to secondary organic aerosol production in urban areas. Long chain alkanes undergo dissociative proton transfer reactions forming a series of fragment ions with formula CnH2n+1. The yield of the fragment ions is a function of drift conditions. At a drift field strength of 80 Townsends, the most abundant ion fragments from C10 to C16 n-alkanes were m/z 57, 71 and 85. The PTR-MS is insensitive to n-alkanes less than C8 but displays an increasing sensitivity for larger alkanes. Higher drift field strengths yield greater normalized sensitivity implying that the proton affinity of the long chain n-alkanes is less than H2O. Analysis of diesel fuel shows the mass spectrum was dominated by alkanes (CnH2n+1), monocyclic aromatics, and an ion group with formula CnH2n−1 (m/z 97, 111, 125, 139). The PTR-MS was deployed in Sacramento, CA during the Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study field experiment in June 2010. The ratio of the m/z 97 to 85 ion intensities in ambient air matched that found in diesel fuel. Total diesel exhaust alkane concentrations calculated from the measured abundance of m/z 85 ranged from the method detection limit of ~1 μg m−3 to 100 μg m−3 in several air pollution episodes. The total diesel exhaust alkane concentration determined by this method was on average a factor of 10 greater than the sum of alkylbenzenes associated with spark ignition vehicle exhaust.

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Kaspar, Marcel, Hans-Peter Rabl e Wolfgang Mayer. "Ion-Molecule Reaction for the Selective Detection of Hydrocarbons in Diesel Exhaust Gas". Chemie Ingenieur Technik 90, n. 6 (22 marzo 2018): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201700075.

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Toldra-Reig, Fidel, e Jose Serra. "Development of Potentiometric Sensors for C2H4 Detection". Sensors 18, n. 9 (7 settembre 2018): 2992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092992.

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Gas exhaust emissions in vehicles are increasingly restrictive in EU and USA. Diesel engines are particularly affected by limitation in hydrocarbons and NOx concentrations. This work presents a screening of working electrode materials to develop a potentiometric sensor, with the most promising material to detect being C2H4 at 550 °C. The device consists of a dense 8YSZ (8 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2) disk as oxide-ion conducting electrolyte, whereas platinum is screen-printed in the back face as reference electrode. As working electrode, several materials such as Fe0.7Cr1.3O3, ZnCr2O4, Fe2NiO4, La0.8Sr0.2CrO3−δ (LSC), La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM), and NiO+5%wt Au were tested to detect C2H4. Sensor voltage was measured for several concentrations of C2H4 and CO as these are two of the major oxidizable compounds in a diesel exhaust gas. Fe0.7Cr1.3O3 was selected as the most promising material because of its response to C2H4 and CO. Not only is the response to the individual analytes important, but the C2H4 cross-sensitivity toward CO is also important. Fe0.7Cr1.3O3 showed a good performance to C2H4, with low cross-sensitivity to CO. In addition, when 0.16 ppm of phenanthrene is added, the sensor still has a slightly better response to C2H4 than to CO. Nevertheless, the sensor exposure to high concentrations (>85 ppm) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons led to signal saturation. On the other hand, the operation in wet conditions induces lower sensor sensitivity to C2H4 and higher cross-sensitivity toward CO increase, i.e., the sensor response becomes similar for C2H4 and CO.

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Murtaza, Ghulam, Aamir I. Bhatti e Yasir A. Butt. "Super twisting controller-based unified FDI and FTC scheme for air path of diesel engine using the certainty equivalence principle". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, n. 12 (24 ottobre 2017): 1623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017732860.

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This paper proposes a combination of higher order sliding mode and adaptive control for unified fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant control (FTC) of the air path of a diesel engine. Current diesel engines are equipped with features such as variable geometry turbochargers (VGT) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) for exhaust emission control. Since EGR and VGT systems are present in the exhaust channel, they are strongly coupled and are prone to both structured as well as unstructured faults. The proposed controller detects and estimates the structured faults by means of adaptation laws, designed by making use of the certainty equivalence principle. Fault effects are compensated by repositioning the actuators. This allows relaxation of the boundedness condition of the super twisting algorithm, as sliding mode controller gains are required to dominate the unstructured parts only, which consequently reduces chattering. A nonlinear multi-input multi-output reduced state control-oriented model has been employed for working out the FTC strategy for EGR and VGT actuators. The stability of the overall system has been analysed using the Lyapunov stability criterion. Faults and proposed controllers are simulated using a fully validated industrial scale diesel engine model to establish the effectiveness of the algorithm.

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Fischbacher, Bernhard, Bernhard Lechner e Bernhard Brandstätter. "Ammonia Distribution Measurement on a Hot Gas Test Bench Applying Tomographical Optical Methods". Sensors 19, n. 4 (21 febbraio 2019): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040896.

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Measuring the distribution of gas concentration is a very common problem in a variety of technological fields. Depending on the detectability of the gas, as well as the technological progress of the sector, different methods are used. In this paper, we present a device and methods to detect the ammonia concentration distribution in the exhaust system of diesel engines in order to increase the performance of the exhaust aftertreatment system. The device has been designed for usage on a hot gas test bench simulating exhaust gas conditions. It consists of multiple optical beams measuring ammonia line concentrations by applying nondispersive absorption spectroscopy in the deep ultraviolet region. The detectors consist of photodiodes allowing high sampling rates up to 3 kHz while providing a high signal-to-noise ratio. A detection limit of only 1 ppm has been achieved despite the short path length of only eight centimeters. The obtained line concentrations form an inverse problem. The methodology of the tomographic techniques is described in detail in order to best solve the inverse problem and obtain the ammonia concentration distribution images for each time step.

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Flicker, Thomas M., e Sarah A. Green. "Detection and Separation of Gas-Phase Carbon-Centered Radicals from Cigarette Smoke and Diesel Exhaust". Analytical Chemistry 70, n. 9 (maggio 1998): 2008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac970858f.

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Gordon, T. D., A. A. Presto, N. T. Nguyen, W. H. Robertson, K. Na, K. N. Sahay, M. Zhang et al. "Secondary organic aerosol production from diesel vehicle exhaust: impact of aftertreatment, fuel chemistry and driving cycle". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, n. 9 (16 settembre 2013): 24223–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-24223-2013.

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Abstract. Environmental chamber ("smog chamber") experiments were conducted to investigate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production from dilute emissions from two medium-duty diesel vehicles (MDDVs) and three heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) under urban-like conditions. Some of the vehicles were equipped with emission control aftertreatment devices including diesel particulate filters (DPF), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC). Experiments were also performed with different fuels (100% biodiesel and low-, medium- or high-aromatic ultralow sulfur diesel) and driving cycles (Unified Cycle, Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, and creep+idle). During normal operation, vehicles with a catalyzed DPF emitted very little primary particulate matter (PM). Furthermore, photo-oxidation of dilute emissions from these vehicles produced essentially no SOA (below detection limit). However, significant primary PM emissions and SOA production were measured during active DPF regeneration experiments. Nevertheless, under reasonable assumptions about DPF regeneration frequency, the contribution of regeneration emissions to the total vehicle emissions is negligible, reducing PM trapping efficiency by less than 2%. Therefore, catalyzed DPFs appear to be very effective in reducing both primary and secondary fine particulate matter from diesel vehicles. For both MDDVs and HDDVs without aftertreatment substantial SOA formed in the smog chamber – with the emissions from some vehicles generating twice as much SOA as primary organic aerosol after three hours of oxidation at typical urban VOC : NOx ratios (3:1). Comprehensive organic gas speciation was performed on these emissions, but less than half of the measured SOA could be explained by traditional (speciated) SOA precursors. The remainder presumably originates from the large fraction (~30%) of the non-methane organic gas emissions that could not be speciated using traditional one-dimensional gas-chromatography. The unspeciated organics – likely comprising less volatile species, such as intermediate volatility organic compounds – appear to be important SOA precursors; we estimate that the effective SOA yield (defined as the ratio of SOA mass to reacted precursor mass) was 9 ± 6% if both speciated SOA precursors and unspeciated organics are included in the analysis. SOA production from creep+idle operation was 3–4 times larger than SOA production from the same vehicle operated over the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS). Fuel properties had little or no effect on primary PM emissions or SOA formation.

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Gordon, T. D., A. A. Presto, N. T. Nguyen, W. H. Robertson, K. Na, K. N. Sahay, M. Zhang et al. "Secondary organic aerosol production from diesel vehicle exhaust: impact of aftertreatment, fuel chemistry and driving cycle". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, n. 9 (13 maggio 2014): 4643–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4643-2014.

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Abstract. Environmental chamber ("smog chamber") experiments were conducted to investigate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production from dilute emissions from two medium-duty diesel vehicles (MDDVs) and three heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) under urban-like conditions. Some of the vehicles were equipped with emission control aftertreatment devices, including diesel particulate filters (DPFs), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs). Experiments were also performed with different fuels (100% biodiesel and low-, medium- or high-aromatic ultralow sulfur diesel) and driving cycles (Unified Cycle,~Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, and creep + idle). During normal operation, vehicles with a catalyzed DPF emitted very little primary particulate matter (PM). Furthermore, photooxidation of dilute emissions from these vehicles produced essentially no SOA (below detection limit). However, significant primary PM emissions and SOA production were measured during active DPF regeneration experiments. Nevertheless, under reasonable assumptions about DPF regeneration frequency, the contribution of regeneration emissions to the total vehicle emissions is negligible, reducing PM trapping efficiency by less than 2%. Therefore, catalyzed DPFs appear to be very effective in reducing both primary PM emissions and SOA production from diesel vehicles. For both MDDVs and HDDVs without aftertreatment substantial SOA formed in the smog chamber – with the emissions from some vehicles generating twice as much SOA as primary organic aerosol after 3 h of oxidation at typical urban VOC / NOx ratios (3 : 1). Comprehensive organic gas speciation was performed on these emissions, but less than half of the measured SOA could be explained by traditional (speciated) SOA precursors. The remainder presumably originates from the large fraction (~30%) of the nonmethane organic gas emissions that could not be speciated using traditional one-dimensional gas chromatography. The unspeciated organics – likely comprising less volatile species such as intermediate volatility organic compounds – appear to be important SOA precursors; we estimate that the effective SOA yield (defined as the ratio of SOA mass to reacted precursor mass) was 9 ± 6% if both speciated SOA precursors and unspeciated organics are included in the analysis. SOA production from creep + idle operation was 3–4 times larger than SOA production from the same vehicle operated over the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS). Fuel properties had little or no effect on primary PM emissions or SOA formation.

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Boulkroune, Boulaïd, Abdel Aitouche, Vincent Cocquempot, Li Cheng e Zhijun Peng. "Actuator Fault Diagnosis with Application to a Diesel Engine Testbed". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/189860.

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This work addresses the issues of actuator fault detection and isolation for diesel engines. We are particularly interested in faults affecting the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and the variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) actuator valves. A bank of observer-based residuals is designed using a nonlinear mean value model of diesel engines. Each residual on the proposed scheme is based on a nonlinear unknown input observer and designed to be insensitive to only one fault. By using this scheme, each actuator fault can be easily isolated since only one residual goes to zero while the others do not. A decision algorithm based on multi-CUSUM is used. The performances of the proposed approach are shown through a real application to a Caterpillar 3126b engine.

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Möller, Peter, Mike Andersson, Anita Lloyd Spetz, Jarkko Puustinen, Jyrki Lappalainen e Jens Eriksson. "NO_x Sensing with SiC Field Effect Transistors". Materials Science Forum 858 (maggio 2016): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.993.

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In this paper, we investigated the nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2) detection capability of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) when used as sensing layer on gas sensitive silicon carbide field effect transistors (SiC-FETs). Sensitivity, selectivity and response times for NO, NO2, and NH3 were characterized, to determine the possibility for diesel exhaust after treatment control applications. It was found that NOx can be detected down to single digit ppm levels at sensor temperatures in the 550°C - 600°C range. In addition, the results indicate that it is possible to suppress sensitivity to ammonia by selecting an operating temperature around 530°C.

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Giechaskiel, Barouch, Alessandro A. Zardini e Michael Clairotte. "Exhaust Gas Condensation during Engine Cold Start and Application of the Dry-Wet Correction Factor". Applied Sciences 9, n. 11 (31 maggio 2019): 2263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112263.

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Gas components, like carbon monoxide (CO) and dioxide (CO2), can be measured on a wet- or dry-basis depending on whether the water is left or removed from the sample before analysis. The dry concentrations of gaseous components in the exhaust from internal combustion engines are converted to wet concentrations with conversion factors based on the combustion products and the fuel properties. Recent CO2 measurements with portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) compared to laboratory grade equipment showed differences during the first minutes after engine start. In this study we compared instruments measuring on a dry- and wet-basis using different measuring principles (non-dispersive infrared detection (NDIR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)) at the exhaust of gasoline, compressed natural gas (CNG), and diesel light-duty and L-category vehicles. The results showed an underestimation of the CO2 and CO mass emissions up to 13% at cold start when the conversion factor is applied and not direct “wet” measurements are taken, raising concerns about reported CO2 and CO cold start emissions in some cases. The underestimation was negligible (<1%) for CO2 when the whole test (20–30 min) was considered, but not for CO (1%–10% underestimation) because the majority of emissions takes place at cold start. Exhaust gas temperature, H2O measurements and different expressions of the dry-wet corrections confirmed that the differences are due to condensation at the exhaust pipes and aftertreatment devices when the surface temperatures are lower than the dew point of the exhaust gases. The results of this study help to interpret differences when comparing instruments with different principles of operation at the same location, instruments sampling at different locations, or the same instrument measuring different driving test cycles or at different ambient temperatures (e.g., −7 °C).

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Hountalas, D. T., D. A. Kouremenos e M. Sideris. "A Diagnostic Method for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines Used in Stationary Applications". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2004): 886–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1787500.

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The diesel engine is used for power generation in stationary applications especially in isolated areas not connected to the main distribution network due to its relatively high efficiency, durability, and flexibility compared to alternative power sources. The diesel engine can easily follow power fluctuations. For this reason it is widely used for power generation in Islands in Greece. The diesel engine is a complex machine and requires intensive maintenance to insure proper and efficient operation. This is amplified by the interaction between the engine and the exhaust gas turbocharger. The present work describes an advanced troubleshooting method, based mainly on thermodynamics, for stationary engine monitoring and fault detection. The method is based on the processing of measured engine data using a simulation model and provides the current engine condition and its tuning. An application of the method on a slow speed diesel engine used for power generation is presented. The method is applied in the field and the results reveal the condition of the engine and its subsystems. Furthermore, proposals are made to improve engine performance. The method is most useful since it is possible to detect faults at their initial stage that may in the future result in serious problems and limit the availability of the engine.

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Kim, Hyuntae, e Bertan Bakkaloglu. "CMOS Analog Front-End IC for Gas Sensors". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (1 gennaio 2011): 001761–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-wp25.

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An electrochemical sensor readout analog front-end (AFE) IC for recording long term chemical and gas exposure is presented. The AFE readout circuit enables the detection of exhaust fumes in hazardous diesel and gasoline equipment, which helps correlate atmospheric pollutants with severe illnesses. The AFE reads out the output of eight conductometric sensor arrays and eight amperometric sensor arrays. The IC consists of a low noise potentiostat and associated 9 bits current-steering DAC for sensor stimulus, followed by the first order nested chopped ΣΔ ADC. The conductometric sensor uses a current driven approach for extracting resistance change of the sensor depending on gas concentration. The amperometric sensor uses a potentiostat to apply constant voltage for measuring current out of the sensor after a chemical reaction. The core area for the AFE is 2.65x0.95 mm2. The IC is fabricated in 0.18μm CMOS process and achieves 91dB SNR with 1.32mW power consumption per channel from a 1.8 V supply. With digital offset storage and nested chopping, the readout IC achieves 500 μV input referred offset. In order to use the system with AFE as part of a compact badge with battery, the entire gas detection system has been designed in 3D layers with a bio sensor mounted layer, an AFE layer, power management layer, a micro controller layer, and battery.

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Harun, Zambri, Muhammad Saiful bin Sahari e Taib Iskandar Mohamad. "Smoke Simulation in an Underground Train Station Using Computational Fluid Dynamic". Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (ottobre 2014): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.366.

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The design of the ventilation and fire safety systems for the Johor Bahru Sentral, a semi-underground train station, part of the Integrated Custom, Immigration and Quarantine Complex (ICIQ) is based on normal Malaysian Standards (MS), British Standards and the local fire department’s requirements. However, the large and complex space in the underground station coupled with scheduled diesel-powered locomotives which frequent the station by stopping or passing require detailed simulations. Both ventilation and the fire safety systems employ Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) methods to provide realistic balance against the typical calculations based on spread sheets and certain design software. This study compares smoke simulations results performed by the mechanical and fire consultants with the simulations carried out through this project. An assumption of a locomotive catches fire near the main platform is made. The burning locomotive is the source of the smoke while the occupants on platforms and waiting areas are the subjects to escape safely. The process of the simulation includes modelling and meshing processes on the structure of the railway station imported from Inventor CAD Autodesk software drawing. The CFD simulations are performed using Star-CCM+. The smokes flow around the building with buoyancy forces and extracted via exhaust fans. Through these simulations, we found that when a locomotive catches fire, the passengers could evacuate the building safely before the fire department machinery arrives. Furthermore, we notice that the ventilation fans activation based on detection of hazardous gases may not be efficient way to remove the latter. A schedule clean-up sync with train arrivals effectively removes toxic gas.

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Lopatin, O. P. "Gas-diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 548 (2 settembre 2020): 062023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/548/6/062023.

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Saito, K., e S. Ichihara. "Purification of diesel exhaust gas". Catalysis Today 10, n. 1 (agosto 1991): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(91)80073-i.

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Victorovych Sagin, Sergii, Oleksiy Andriiovych Kuropyatnyk, Yurii Victorovych Zablotskyi e Oleksandr Victorovich Gaichenia. "Supplying of Marine Diesel Engine Ecological Parameters". Naše more 69, n. 1 (marzo 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/nm/2022/1.7.

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The by-pass system of exhaust gas for the engine 6L20 Wartsila has been observed. The requirements of Annex VI MARPOL towards nitrogen oxide concentration in ship engine exhaust gases have been provided. The purpose of research was the determination of diesel 6L20 Wartsila by-pass exhaust gases optimum volume – at this the nitrogen oxide minimal concentration in exhaust gases is assured, the minimal increase (comparing with operation mode without by-pass) – specific effective fuel consumption, supporting of necessary thermal factor diapason of engine cylinders. The research was performed for the exhaust gas by-pass diapason 0…10 % with engine load diapason 0.55…0.85 % from nominal power. Upon experimental results it has been stated that the exhaust gas by-pass usage favors the ecological parameters of ships engine operation modes – by this at the range of exploitation load 0.55…0.85 % from nominal power the nitrogen oxide concentration in exhaust gas is decreased to 1.32….12.97 %. The exhaust gas by-pass impairs the combustion process and favors the increasing of specific effective fuel consumption and increasing the temperature of exhaust gases. The exhaust gas by-pass system effectiveness assessment should be performed by complex estimation of the following engine operation parameters: the nitrogen oxide concentration in exhaust gas, increasing of specific effective fuel consumption(SFOC), the exhaust gas temperature. As optimal degree of exhaust gas by-pass value when the maximum decrease of nitrogen oxide emission at minimal increase of fuel consumption and simultaneous engine thermal factor handling has to be considered.

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Varbanets, Roman, Valentyn Malchevskyi, Dmytro Minchev, Vitalii Zalozh, Vladislav Kyrnats e Nadezhda Alexandrovskaya. "Діагностика паливної апаратури, приводу клапанів газорозподілу та форсунок змащення циліндрів сучасних двотактних двигунів". Aerospace technic and technology, n. 4sup2 (22 agosto 2022): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2022.4sup2.14.

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The application of a vibration sensor with an in-cylinder pressure sensor extends the capabilities of internal combustion engines and compressor diagnostics for various types of plants and installations, such as marine diesel engines, refrigeration piston compressors, aircraft engines. The fuel injection equipment malfunctions as valve as valve train system malfunctions could be detected from the experimental indicated diagrams P(V), P(deg) of the engine cylinder operating process as it is known. The main indicators are the following: the shape of the diagram and the parameters of working cycle – the maximum combustion pressure Pmax, the compression pressure Pcomp, mean indicated pressure IMEP, etc. However, it should be considered that different types of malfunctions could have the same reflection on the indicated diagram. For instance, the late fuel injection and the fuel-injection equipment wear could have almost similar effects on the indicated diagram and main diagnostic parameters. Another example is the low compression pressure Pcomp, which could be caused by the cylinder or compression rings wear and by the exhaust valves wrong timing or valve leakage. It should also be mentioned that many types of malfunctions at their early stages are very difficult to detect and clarify based solely on the indicated diagrams analysis. The detection of such malfunctions usually requires the direct measurements of the fuel injection pressure and injector’s needle lift diagrams with accurate valve timing measurements. However, mentioned measurements could be performed under laboratory conditions and are difficult to apply under engine operating conditions. The vibration sensor application could be a reasonable alternative to the direct measurements, as it allows the determination of the injector’s needle lift-off and landing timing, high-pressure fuel pump cut-off and discharge timing, the preheated heavy fuel circulation start/stop timing as well as gas-distribution valves opening and closing timing, the oscillation frequency, and amplitude from the refrigeration system piston compressor valve operation and the cylinder oil injector timing. The vibration sensor has a magnetic basement that allows its easy mounting on the engine parts. All this information could be directly measured during engines and compressor trials by the vibration sensor applied in the advanced diagnostic systems.

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26

Shestakov, Dmitriy Sergeevich, e Dmitriy Andreevich Lashmanov. "Modernization of exhaust manifolds of DG882L diesel-generator for diesel locomotives". Transport of the Urals, n. 3 (2020): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-3-68-71.

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The paper considers a serial design of a collapsible exhaust manifold for pulse boosting system of 8DM-21EL2M diesel engine and it’s modernized variant made of cast iron. The authors present results of modeling of exhaust gas and coolant flows gas dynamics. They also show the temperature distribution over the manifold surface.

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Zarante, P. B., M. J. Da Silva, O. S. Valente e J. R. Sodré. "ALDEHYDE EMISSIONS FROM A STATIONARY DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING WITH CASTOR OIL BIODIESEL – DIESEL OIL BLENDS". Revista de Engenharia Térmica 9, n. 1-2 (31 dicembre 2010): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v9i1-2.61928.

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Abstract (sommario):

The presence of aldehyde in the exhaust gas of a stationary, direct injection, compression ignition engine operating with castor oil biodiesel/diesel oil blends (B5, B10, B20 and B35) is analyzed. The diesel engine was operated with constant speed of 1800 rev/min and load of 37.5 kW. The gas sample was collected directly from the exhaust. Aldehydes were identified and quantified using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector analyzer (FID). Acetaldehyde presented higher exhaust concentration than formaldehyde for all fuel blends tested. In general, the exhaust aldehyde levels were very low and did not present significant differences between the fuel blends tested.

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Hayashi, K., T. Inoue e S. Ito. "Exhaust gas treatment devices for diesel engines". Zeolites 11, n. 3 (marzo 1991): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-2449(05)80253-2.

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29

Krämer, Lutz, Frank Bunar, Ken Friis Hansen e Jonathan Hartland. "Diesel-Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment Heading to SULEV". MTZ worldwide 75, n. 1 (gennaio 2014): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-014-0004-4.

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30

SAKASHITA, Satoshi. "Ceramics that Cleans Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas". Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 113, n. 1102 (2010): 726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.113.1102_726.

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31

Jirawongnuson, Sirichai, Worathep Wachirapan, Tul Suthiprasert e Ekathai Wirojsakunchai. "A Parametric Study of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Performance on CO Reduction in Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Exhaust". Key Engineering Materials 656-657 (luglio 2015): 538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.656-657.538.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this research study, a synthetic exhaust gas system is employed to simulate various exhaust conditions similar to those from conventional diesel and Dual Fuel-Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (DF-PCCI) combustion. OEM DOC is tested to compare the effectiveness of reducing CO from both exhaust characteristics. Variations of the temperature and the concentration of CO, THC, and O2 are done to investigate DOC performance on CO reductions according to Design of Experiment (DOE) concept. The results showed that in DF-PCCI exhaust conditions, DOC requires higher exhaust gas temperature as well as O2 concentration to reduce CO emissions.

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32

Likhanov, V. A., e O. P. Lopatin. "Application of natural gas and recirculation on 4Ч 11,0/12,5 tractor diesel". Traktory i sel hozmashiny 81, n. 6 (15 giugno 2014): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65546.

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Abstract (sommario):

Experimental testing results of Д-240 diesel operating on compressed natural gas with exhaust gas recirculation are presented. Improvement opportunity of diesel ecological indicators, in particular decrease of nitrogen oxides level in exhaust gases, diesel fuel saving, rise of effective indices is determined.

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Kim, Min-Kyeong, Duckshin Park, Minjeong Kim, Jaeseok Heo, Sechan Park e Hwansoo Chong. "A Study on Characteristic Emission Factors of Exhaust Gas from Diesel Locomotives". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 11 (27 maggio 2020): 3788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113788.

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Abstract (sommario):

Use of diesel locomotives in transport is gradually decreasing due to electrification and the introduction of high-speed electric rail. However, in Korea, up to 30% of the transportation of passengers and cargo still uses diesel locomotives and diesel vehicles. Many studies have shown that exhaust gas from diesel locomotives poses a threat to human health. This study examined the characteristics of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons in diesel locomotive engine exhaust. Emission concentrations were evaluated and compared with the existing regulations. In the case of PM and NOx, emission concentrations increased as engine output increased. High concentrations of CO were detected at engine start and acceleration, while hydrocarbons showed weakly increased concentrations regardless of engine power. Based on fuel consumption and engine power, the emission patterns of PM and gaseous substances observed in this study were slightly higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tier standard and the Korean emission standard. Continuous monitoring and management of emissions from diesel locomotives are required to comply with emission standards. The findings of this study revealed that emission factors varied based on fuel consumption, engine power, and actual driving patterns. For the first time, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), normally used to measure exhaust gas from diesel vehicles, was used to measure exhaust gas from diesel locomotives, and the data acquired were compared with previous results. This study is meaningful as the first example of measuring the exhaust gas concentration by connecting a PEMS to a diesel locomotive, and in the future, a study to measure driving characteristics and exhaust gas using a PEMS should be conducted.

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Likhanov, V. A., e O. P. Lopatin. "Evaluation of the Integral toxicity of Exhaust Gases of a Diesel Engine Operating on Natural Gas and Alcohol Emulsions". Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, n. 9 (10 settembre 2019): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-9-60-65.

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Abstract (sommario):

The results of studies of the integral toxicity of exhaust gases of a diesel engine operating on natural gas and alcohol emulsions are presented. At the same time, the regimes characterizing the specific toxicity of a diesel engine under its operating conditions were determined, and emissions of toxic components on these regimes were determined taking into account their weight coefficients. The results of research specific toxic diesel exhaust toxicity indicators, in accordance with the requirements of UNECE Regulation No. 49, show that when a diesel engine operates on natural gas with exhaust gas recirculation and an ethanol-fuel emulsion, the content of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO) in the exhaust gases conforms to "EURO 3", particulate matter – "EURO 5", total hydrocarbons (CHx) – "EURO 2". When the diesel engine is running on a methanol-fuel emulsion, the content of NOx, СНx and CO in the exhaust gases complies with the standards "EURO 3", particulate matter – "EURO 5".

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35

Likhanov, V. A., e O. P. Lopatin. "Improvement of environmental performance of tractor diesel by the use of compressed natural gas and exhaust gas recirculation, methanol and ethanol fuel emulsions". Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, n. 3 (15 marzo 2015): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65392.

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Abstract (sommario):

Possibility of improving environmental performance of diesel engine by the use of compressed natural gas and exhaust gas recirculation, methanol and ethanol fuel emulsions is determined. It allows to reduce nitrogen oxides level in exhaust gases, to save diesel fuel and to improve effective performance.

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36

Ramadhan, Hafid, Edi Elisa e I. Gede Wiratmaja. "Analisis Penambahan Zat Aditif pada Bio Solar terhadap Opasitas Kendaraan Bermesin Diesel". Quantum Teknika : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Terapan 3, n. 2 (30 aprile 2022): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jqt.v3i2.13531.

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This study aims to find out the effect of mixing biodiesel and additives with various kinds of mixtures on the exhaust gas opacity of a 4-stroke diesel engine. In this study, two variations of the ratio of the mixture of bio-diesel and additives were used, namely bio-diesel with a mixture ratio of 2.5%: 97.5% and a mixture ratio of 1.25%: 98.75% for additives and bio-diesel. The method used in this study uses an experimental method where the data collection process is carried out through observation and documentation. Data collection was carried out 5 times a repetition using the Opacity Smoke Meter tool. From the results of the study, the variation of the mixture of 2.5%: 97.5% resulted in the lowest average exhaust gas opacity value, where there was a decrease in exhaust gas opacity by 20.8% compared to standard conditions (without the addition of additives). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is an impact of adding additives to biodiesel on exhaust gas opacity where the more additives added to biodiesel will further reduce exhaust gas opacity in vehicles with diesel engines.

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Lapuerta, Magín, Ángel Ramos, David Fernández-Rodríguez e Inmaculada González-García. "High-pressure versus low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation in a Euro 6 diesel engine with lean-NOx trap: Effectiveness to reduce NOx emissions". International Journal of Engine Research 20, n. 1 (16 dicembre 2018): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418817447.

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Abstract (sommario):

Exhaust gas recirculation can be achieved by means of two different routes: the high-pressure route (high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation), where exhaust gas is conducted from upstream of the turbine to downstream of the compressor, and the low-pressure one (low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation), where exhaust gas is recirculated from downstream of the turbine and of the aftertreatment system to upstream of the compressor. In this study, the effectiveness of both exhaust gas recirculation systems on the improvement of the NOx-particulate matter emission trade-off has been compared on a Euro 6 turbocharged diesel engine equipped with a diesel oxidation catalyst, a lean-NOx trap, and a diesel particulate filter. Emissions were measured both upstream and downstream of the aftertreatment system, at different combinations of engine speed and torque (corresponding to different vehicle speeds), at transient and steady conditions, and at different coolant temperatures as switch points to change from high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation to low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation. It was shown that low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation was more efficient than high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation to reduce NOx emissions, mainly due to the higher recirculation potential and the lower temperature of the recirculated gas. However, such a differential benefit decreased as the coolant temperature decreased, which suggests the use of high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation during the engine warm-up. It was also shown that the lean-NOx trap storage efficiency decreased more rapidly at high engine load than at medium load and that such reduction in efficiency was much faster when high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation was used than when low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation was used.

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Prasetyo, Dwi. "TEMPERATURE EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS ON THE SHIP ENGINE". Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 13, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2022): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/jrm.v13i3.752.

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Abstract (sommario):

Dual-fuel diesel engine is an engine with the use of two fuels in the combustion process to get labor on the engine. The types of fuels used include methane gas and marine gas oil fuels. Methane is produced from vapor cargo tank liquified natural gas. The purpose of this study was to determine what causes high exhaust gas temperatures on the performance of the dual-fuel diesel engine using the fault tree analysis data analysis method. From the analysis of the research data, several problems were formulated, namely, the factors that could cause high exhaust gas temperatures in the dual fuel diesel engine were the lack of combustion air supply in the engine combustion chamber, incompatible combustion composition between oil and gas fuel, and the engine room that is extremely hot. The impact caused is damage to the machining components and decreased performance of the dual-fuel diesel engine. To overcome the decrease in work on the dual fuel diesel engine is to carry out maintenance and repair on every component of the engine that has problems and damage in accordance with standard procedures.

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39

Likhanov, V. A., e O. P. Lopatin. "Study of nitrogen oxides content in the cylinder of turbocharged tractor diesel engine operating on natural gas". Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, n. 5 (15 maggio 2016): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66168.

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Abstract (sommario):

The article is devoted to the application of compressed natural gas as an alternative fuel and the reducing of nitrogen oxides content in exhaust gases of turbocharged diesel engine. Special attention is paid to the problems of formation and decomposition of nitrogen oxides in the cylinder of diesel engine operating on natural gas and its effect on the combustion process. In order to determine and optimize the main parameters of operation of turbocharged diesel engine on natural gas, the block tests for both diesel and gas-diesel processes were conducted; they showed that the diesel was running steadily on compressed natural gas under nominal mode at a ratio of 80% of gas and 20% of ignition portion of diesel fuel. Further, the research of working process was carried out exactly in that ratio. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of compressed natural gas on the indices of exhaust toxicity and smoke opacity. The values of volume content and mass concentration of nitrogen oxides in the cylinder of diesel engine depending on the crank angle change are analyzed and determined. The indices of combustion process of turbocharged gas diesel engine under different load and speed operating modes are given. Analysing the obtained results, one can conclude that the application of compressed natural gas as an alternative fuel in turbocharged diesel engine is efficient and allows to reduce exhaust toxicity. Thus, with optimum advance angle of fuel injection of 11 degrees, when switching to gas-diesel process, the nitrogen oxides content in exhaust gases reduces by 15.5%, the soot - by19 times, and the carbon oxide - by 18%.

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40

Dr. Kamal Kr, Brahma, e Mahanta Dr. Dimbendra Kumar. "Exhaust Gas Analysis of CI Engine using the Blends of Diesel and Biodiesel from the seed of Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre". YMER Digital 21, n. 02 (19 febbraio 2022): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.02/49.

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Abstract (sommario):

Exhaust system plays most effective role on the environment as it is that portion of an automobile through which exhaust gases get out from the combustion chamber to pollute the air by their harmful gases. The different blends of diesel and biodiesel from the Pongamia ponnata (L) Pierre are used to run the four stroke compression ignition engine. To make a study of the exhaust gas emission providing with blends of diesel and biodiesel at different ratio and exhaust gas analyzer was used to collect experimental data. All the experimental data and graphical representation concludes that the CO, CO2, HC, NO, NO2, NOX, SOX in the exhaust gas from CI engine with the use of blending of diesel and biodiesel.

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41

Kong, Kyeong-Ju. "A 1D–3D Approach for Fast Numerical Analysis of the Flow Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas". Machines 9, n. 10 (17 ottobre 2021): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9100239.

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Abstract (sommario):

It is necessary to analyze the intake/exhaust gas flow of a diesel engine when turbocharger matching and when installing emission control devices such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and scrubbers. Analyzing the intake/exhaust gas flow using a 3D approach can use various analytical models, but it requires a significant amount of time to perform the computation. An approach that combines 1D and 3D is a fast numerical analysis method that can utilize the analysis models of the 3D approach and obtain accurate calculation results. In this study, the flow characteristics of the exhaust gas were analyzed using a 1D–3D coupling algorithm to analyze the unsteady gas flow of a diesel engine, and whether the 1D–3D approach was suitable for analyzing exhaust systems was evaluated. The accuracy of the numerical analysis results was verified by comparison with the experimental results, and the flow characteristics of various shapes of the exhaust system of a diesel engine could be analyzed. Numerical analysis using the 1D–3D approach was able to be computed about 300 times faster than the 3D approach, and it was a method that could be used for research focused on the exhaust system. In addition, since it could quickly and accurately calculate intake/exhaust gas flow, it was expected to be used as a numerical analysis method suitable for analyzing the interaction of diesel engines with emission control devices and turbochargers.

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42

Bacalja, Bruna, Maja Krčum, Tomislav Peša e Marko Zubčić. "The Measurement Of Exhaust Gas Emissions By Testo 350 Maritime – Exhaust Gas Analyzer". Pedagogika-Pedagogy 93, n. 6s (31 agosto 2021): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/ped21-6s.16mea.

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This paper presents the measurement process of the emissions from marine diesel engines. The emission measurement was carried out by the certified TESTO 350 Maritime exhaust gas analyzer on the Juraj Dalmatinac ferry Caterpillar C32 engines. The gas analyzer records the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). TESTO 350 emission sampling probe was set at the end of the exhaust pipe. A combustion emission measurement was performed during a Split – Supetar (Brač) trip and backwards with the total duration of 110 min. The emissions are estimated for two trip phases: “maneuvering” and “at sea”.

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43

Nofendri, Yos. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN OKSIGENAT PADA SOLAR TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG MESIN DIESEL". JURNAL KAJIAN TEKNIK MESIN 3, n. 1 (29 maggio 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/jktm.v3i1.1592.

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ABSTRAK Penurunan kualitas udara pada bumi terus menurun. Ini disebabkan oleh polusi udara semakin lama semakin meningkat. Peningkatan jumlah kendaraan juga menjadi salah satu penyebab menurunnya kualitas udara. Penegakan aturan yang ketat dalam pengendalian pencemaran pada emisi gas buang semakin diperketat. Oleh itu diperlukan suatu bahan bakar kendaraan yang dapat mengurangkan emisi gas buang pada kendaraan. Pada saat sekarang ini pencarian bahan bakar ramah lingkungan difokuskan dengan menggunakan aditif berbahan dasar alami. Dengan demikian perlu diteliti penambahan aditif ditambahkan ke minyak solar, dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi emisi gas buang. Sebuah mesin diesel satu silinder telah digunakan yang digabungkan gas analyzer Bosc tipe BEA 150 / 250 / 350. Oksigenat berbahan dasar nabati digunakan sebagai aditif dalam bahan bakar diesel dengan campuran 1% - 5% volume. Tes emisi gas buang dilakukan pada kecepatan antara 900 - 1.700 rpm dan kondisi beban penuh. Percobaan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan parameter emisi gas buang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan aditif oksigenat sebanyak 1 % bisa menurunkan jelaga 30%, meningkatkan CO2 sebanyak 5%, menurunkan CO 35% dan peningkatan NOx sebanyak 9% dibanding solar murni. Kata Kunci : Mesin diesel, Oksigenat, Emisi Gas Buang ABSTRACT Decline in air quality on earth continues to occur. One of its causes is air pollution which is the mistake of vehicle exhaust emissions. Strict enforcement of pollution control on exhaust emissions is one way to control exhaust emissions. It is therefore necessary to fuel a vehicle that can reduce exhaust emissions on vehicles. At the present time this environmentally friendly fuel search is focused using natural based additives. Thus it is necessary to examine the addition of additives added to the diesel oil, with the aim of reducing exhaust emissions. A single-cylinder diesel engine has been used which incorporates a BEA 150/250/350 Bosc gas analyzer. Vegetable oxygenates are used as additives in diesel fuel with a mixture of 1% - 5% by volume. The exhaust emission test is carried out at speeds between 900 - 1,700 rpm and full load conditions. The experiment was conducted to obtain the parameters of exhaust emissions. The experimental results show that the addition of 1% oxygenate additive can decrease carbon 30%, increase CO2 by 5%, decrease CO 35% and increase NOx by 9% compared to pure diesel. Keyword : Diesel Engine, Oxygenat, Emission Engine

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Krakowian, Konrad, Andrzej Kaźmierczak, Aleksander Górniak, Radosaw Włostowski e Tomasz Błasiński. "EXHAUST GAS DOSE UNIFORMITY IN MODERN DIESEL ENGINES". Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport 19, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2015): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1137928.

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45

Stöber-Schmidt, Claude-Pascal, Marko Püschel e Martin Drescher. "Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Medium-Speed Diesel Engines". MTZ industrial 1, n. 1 (novembre 2011): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40353-011-0014-5.

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46

IKEDA, Mitsumasa, Masato MIKAMI e Naoya KOJIMA. "Exhaust Characteristics of LPG/Gas-Oil Diesel Engines." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 64, n. 625 (1998): 3126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.64.3126.

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47

Benarie, Michel. "Emission control: Exhaust gas from vehicles — diesel engines". Science of The Total Environment 58, n. 3 (dicembre 1986): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(86)90208-1.

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48

Münz, Stefan, Christiane Römuss, Peter Schmidt, Kai-Henning Brune e Heinz-Peter Schiffer. "Diesel engines with low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation". MTZ worldwide 69, n. 2 (febbraio 2008): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03226887.

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49

Asad, Usman, e Ming Zheng. "Exhaust gas recirculation for advanced diesel combustion cycles". Applied Energy 123 (giugno 2014): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.073.

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50

Sailon e Karmin. "Steam Boiler Design Using Diesel Motor Exhaust Gas". International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) 2, n. 3 (27 dicembre 2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i3.140.

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Abstract (sommario):

As it is known that the boiler is a device used to heat water. This research is conducted to propose another alternative in energy saving efforts by utilizing exhaust gas energy from Diesel motors which so far have not received much attention. The exhaust gases is reused to react the boiler. The method used in design this tool uses the literature study method. The data is taken from the exhaust gas of a 9 x 12 x 4 cylinders Diesel engine with a speed of 300 rpm and Mep 80 Psi, engine power (N) 92.4 Hp. From the results of this study, the results show that the size of the steam pipe with pipe outer diameter (OD) is 1 in, spaced 1 in, the number of rows is 2 rows, the number of pipes in one row Z = 12 rows, with carbon steel pipe material SA 106 Grade. Meanwhile, the size and arrangement of the economizer pipes are the outer diameter of the pipe (OD) 1 in, the spacing = 2 in, the number of rows = 6 rows, the total number of pipes Z = 2 x 6 = 12 pieces, the overall length of the pipe is L x 12, the economizer pipe = 644 in, and SA 106 Grade carbon steel pipe material. The thickness of the boiler drum t = 0.245 cm, capacity Q = 536.75 lb/hour, and the boiler drum material is SA 302 Grade B carbon steel.

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