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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Diffraction"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

Kanasewich, Ernest R., and Suhas M. Phadke. "Imaging discontinuities on seismic sections." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 3 (1988): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442467.

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Abstract (sommario):

In routine seismic processing, normal moveout (NMO) corrections are performed to enhance the reflected signals on common‐depth‐point or common‐midpoint stacked sections. However, when faults are present, reflection interference from the two blocks and the diffractions from their edges hinder fault location determination. Destruction of diffraction patterns by poststack migration further inhibits proper imaging of diffracting centers. This paper presents a new technique which helps in the interpretation of diffracting edges by concentrating the signal amplitudes from discontinuous diffracting p

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2

Khaidukov, V., E. Landa, and T. J. Moser. "Diffraction imaging by focusing‐defocusing: An outlook on seismic superresolution." GEOPHYSICS 69, no. 6 (2004): 1478–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1836821.

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Abstract (sommario):

Diffractions always need more advertising. It is true that conventional seismic processing and migration are usually successful in using specular reflections to estimate subsurface velocities and reconstruct the geometry and strength of continuous and pronounced reflectors. However, correct identification of geological discontinuities, such as faults, pinch‐outs, and small‐size scattering objects, is one of the main objectives of seismic interpretation. The seismic response from these structural elements is encoded in diffractions, and diffractions are essentially lost during the conventional

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3

Grasmueck, Mark, Tijmen Jan Moser, Michael A. Pelissier, Jan Pajchel, and Kenri Pomar. "Diffraction signatures of fracture intersections." Interpretation 3, no. 1 (2015): SF55—SF68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0086.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Fractured rock causes diffractions, which are often discarded as noise in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and seismic data. Most fractures are too thin, too steep, and their displacement is too small to be imaged by reflections, and diffractions are the only detectable signal. To decipher the information about fracture geometry and distribution contained in diffractions, we compare 3D synthetic ray-Born modeling with high-density 3D GPR data and outcrop observations from the Cassis Quarry in Southern France. Our results reveal how the intersection between two fractures is the basic geologic ele

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4

Xingchen Pan, Xingchen Pan, Suhas P. Veetil Suhas P. Veetil, Cheng Liu Cheng Liu, Qiang Lin Qiang Lin, and Jianqiang Zhu Jianqiang Zhu. "High-contrast imaging for weakly diffracting specimens in coherent diffraction imaging." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 2 (2013): 021103–21105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.021103.

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5

Ruoqiu Wang, Ruoqiu Wang, Zhiyu Zhang Zhiyu Zhang, Chengli Guo Chengli Guo, Donglin Xue Donglin Xue, and and Xuejun Zhang and Xuejun Zhang. "Effects of fabrication errors on diffraction efficiency for a diffractive membrane." Chinese Optics Letters 14, no. 12 (2016): 120501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.120501.

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6

Barad, Karen. "Diffracting Diffraction: Cutting Together-Apart." Parallax 20, no. 3 (2014): 168–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13534645.2014.927623.

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7

Dell, Sergius, Anna Pronevich, Boris Kashtan, and Dirk Gajewski. "Diffraction traveltime approximation for general anisotropic media." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 5 (2013): WC15—WC23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0346.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Diffractions play an important role in seismic processing because they can be used for high-resolution imaging and the analysis of subsurface properties like the velocity distribution. Until now, however, only isotropic media have been considered in diffraction imaging. We have developed a method wherein we derive an approximation for the diffraction response for a general 2D anisotropic medium. Our traveltime expression is formulated as a double-square-root equation that allows us to accurately and reliably describe diffraction traveltimes. The diffraction response depends on the ray velocity

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8

Kim, Sooyoon, Soon Jee Seol, Joongmoo Byun, and Seokmin Oh. "Extraction of diffractions from seismic data using convolutional U-net and transfer learning." GEOPHYSICS 87, no. 2 (2022): V117—V129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0847.1.

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Diffraction images can be used for modeling reservoir heterogeneities at or below the seismic wavelength scale. However, the extraction of diffractions is challenging because their amplitude is weaker than that of overlapping reflections. Recently, deep-learning (DL) approaches have been used as a powerful tool for diffraction extraction. Most DL approaches use a classification algorithm that classifies pixels in the seismic data as diffraction, reflection, noise, or diffraction with reflection and takes whole values for the classified diffraction pixels. Thus, these DL methods cannot extract

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9

Bakhtiari Rad, Parsa, and Craig J. Hickey. "Seismic diffraction separation in the near surface: Detection of high-contrast voids in unconsolidated soils." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 3 (2021): WA13—WA23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0366.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Seismic diffractions carry the signature of near-surface high-contrast anomalies and need to be extracted from the data to complement the reflection processing and other geophysical techniques. Because diffractions are often masked by reflections, surface waves, and noise, careful diffraction separation is required as a first step for diffraction imaging. A multiparameter time-imaging method is used to separate near-surface diffractions. The implemented scheme makes use of the wavefront attributes that are reliable fully data-derived processing parameters. To mitigate the effect of strong nois

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10

Zhang, Jianfeng, and Jiangjie Zhang. "Diffraction imaging using shot and opening-angle gathers: A prestack time migration approach." GEOPHYSICS 79, no. 2 (2014): S23—S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0016.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

We have developed a migration scheme that can image weak diffractions in time. This significantly contributes to conventional interpretation in detecting small-scale faults and heterogeneities. The proposed scheme images diffractions using the shot and opening-angle gathers generated by prestack time migration (PSTM). Here, the shot and opening-angle gather represents a 2D migrated gather in terms of shot locations and opening angles between the incident- and scattered-rays. We muted the Fresnel zones related to reflections, corrected phases of diffractions, and enhanced diffractions in the mi

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11

Peterie, Shelby L., and Richard D. Miller. "Near-surface scattering phenomena and implications for tunnel detection." Interpretation 3, no. 1 (2015): SF43—SF54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0088.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Tunnel locations are accurately interpreted from diffraction sections of focused mode converted P- to S-wave diffractions from a perpendicular tunnel and P-wave diffractions from a nonperpendicular (oblique) tunnel. Near-surface tunnels are ideal candidates for diffraction imaging due to their small size relative to the seismic wavelength and large acoustic impedance contrast at the tunnel interface. Diffraction imaging algorithms generally assume that the velocities of the primary wave and the diffracted wave are approximately equal, and that the diffraction apex is recorded directly above th

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12

Sheng, Tongjie, and Jingtao Zhao. "Separation and imaging of diffractions using a dilated convolutional neural network." GEOPHYSICS 87, no. 3 (2022): S117—S127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2021-0260.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Seismic diffractions provide high-resolution details of small-scale geologic discontinuities, and diffraction imaging can be an important contribution to the exploration of faults, fractures, and cavities. However, reflections with strong energy generally mask the existence of weak diffractions in seismic records, and separating diffractions is necessary to see the full benefit of diffraction imaging. Here, a modified convolutional neural network (CNN) is used for separating diffractions. The input wavefields are modeled as the summation of individual diffractions and reflections, the network

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13

Maciel, Susanne, and Ricardo Biloti. "A statistics-based descriptor for automatic classification of scatterers in seismic sections." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 5 (2020): O83—O96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0673.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Discontinuities and small structures induce diffractions on seismic or ground-penetrating radar (GPR) acquisitions. Therefore, diffraction images can be used as a tool to access valuable information concerning subsurface scattering features, such as pinch outs, fractures, and edges. Usually, diffraction-imaging methods operate on diffraction events previously detected. Pattern-recognition methods are efficient to detect, image, and characterize diffractions. The use of this kind of approach, though, requires a numerical description of image points on a seismic section or radargram. We have inv

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14

Peterie, Shelby L., Richard D. Miller, Julian Ivanov, and Steven D. Sloan. "Shallow tunnel detection using SH-wave diffraction imaging." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 2 (2020): EN29—EN37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0731.1.

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Clandestine tunnels, used for drug or human trafficking and tactical operations, pose a security threat worldwide and remain elusive targets for detection with geophysical methods. P-wave diffraction imaging is an increasingly common technique for detecting subsurface discontinuities that are smaller than the seismic wavelength (such as faults, pinch outs, and small voids) and has been successfully used to detect shallow tunnels. P-wave diffractions from tunnels typically have very low signal-to-noise ratios and are therefore challenging wavefield components for imaging. Mode-specific amplitud

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15

Hassan, Safaa, Yan Jiang, Khadijah Alnasser, et al. "Generation of over 1000 Diffraction Spots from 2D Graded Photonic Super-Crystals." Photonics 7, no. 2 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7020027.

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For the first time, we are able to generate over 1000 diffraction spots from a graded photonic super-crystal with a unit super-cell size of 12a × 12a where a is the lattice constant and hole radii are gradually changed in dual directions. The diffraction pattern from the graded photonic super-crystal reveals unique diffraction properties. The first order diffractions of (±1,0) or (0,±1) disappear. Fractional diffraction orders are observed in the diffraction pattern inside a square with vertices of (1,1), (1,−1), (−1,−1) and (−1,−1). The fractional diffraction can be understood from lattices w

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16

Berkovitch, Alex, Igor Belfer, Yehuda Hassin, and Evgeny Landa. "Diffraction imaging by multifocusing." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 6 (2009): WCA75—WCA81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3198210.

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Abstract (sommario):

Correct identification of geologic discontinuities, such as faults, pinch-outs, and small-size scattering objects, is a primary challenge of the seismic method. Seismic response from these objects is encoded in diffractions. Our method images local heterogeneities of the subsurface using diffracted seismic events. The method is based on coherent summation of diffracted waves arising in media that include interface discontinuities and local velocity heterogeneities. This is done using a correlation procedure that coherently focuses diffraction energy on a seismic section by flattening diffracti

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17

Zhao, Jingtao, Caixia Yu, Suping Peng, and Jingjie Cao. "Least-squares imaging of diffractions by solving a hybrid L1-L2 norm minimization problem." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 1 (2021): S59—S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0720.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Traditional diffraction images without a specific migration kernel for promoting focusing abilities may cause confusion to seismic interpretation because diffraction images may show a finite-array response of diffracted/scattered waves. Because diffractors are discontinuous and sparsely distributed, a least-squares diffraction-imaging method is formulated by solving a hybrid L1-L2 norm minimization problem that imposes a sparsity constraint on diffraction images. It uses two different forward modeling operators for reflections and diffractions and L2 and L1 regularizations for penalizing the a

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18

Zhang, Dongliang, Tong W. Fei, Constantine Tsingas, and Yi Luo. "Efficient wave-equation-based diffraction imaging." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 5 (2019): S389—S399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0568.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

We have developed an efficient and practical wave-equation-based technique to image subsurface geologic features such as isolated scatterers, reflector edges, fault, fracture zones, and erosion whose information is mainly contained in diffracted waves. This technique has the ability to directly reveal and differentiate important geologic features compared with results obtained using reflected seismic waves. This new technique comprises three steps. First, the source and receiver wavefields are decomposed into left- and right-downgoing propagating waves, respectively. Second, applying the imagi

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19

Coimbra, Tiago A., J. Jadsom S. de Figueiredo, Jörg Schleicher, Amélia Novais, and Jessé C. Costa. "Migration velocity analysis using residual diffraction moveout in the poststack depth domain." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 3 (2013): S125—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0340.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Diffraction events contain more direct information on the medium velocity than reflection events. We have developed a method for migration velocity improvement and diffraction localization based on a moveout analysis of over- or undermigrated diffraction events in the depth domain. The method uses an initial velocity model as input. It provides an update to the velocity model and diffraction locations in the depth domain as a result. The algorithm is based on the focusing of remigration trajectories from incorrectly migrated diffraction curves. These trajectories are constructed by applying a

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20

Weidong Qu, Weidong Qu, Huarong Gu Huarong Gu, and and Qiaofeng Tan and Qiaofeng Tan. "Design of refractive/diffractive hybrid optical elements for beam shaping with large diffraction pattern." Chinese Optics Letters 14, no. 3 (2016): 031404–31407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.031404.

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21

Bošnjaković, Dejan, Marko Gregorc, Hui Li, Martin Čopič, Valentina Domenici, and Irena Drevenšek-Olenik. "Mechanical Manipulation of Diffractive Properties of Optical Holographic Gratings from Liquid Crystalline Elastomers." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (2018): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081330.

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Abstract (sommario):

An appealing property of optical diffractive structures from elastomeric materials is a possibility to regulate their optical patterns and consequently also their diffractive features with mechanical straining. We investigated the effect of strain on diffraction characteristics of holographic gratings recorded in a monodomain side-chain liquid crystalline elastomer. The strain was imposed either parallel or perpendicular to the initial alignment direction of the material. At temperatures far below the nematic–paranematic phase transition, straining along the initial alignment affects mainly th

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22

Wang, Hang, Xingye Liu, and Yangkang Chen. "Separation and imaging of seismic diffractions using a localized rank-reduction method with adaptively selected ranks." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 6 (2020): V497—V506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0215.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Seismic diffractions are weak seismic events hidden within the more dominant reflection events in a seismic profile. Separating diffraction energy from the poststack seismic profiles can help infer the subsurface discontinuities that generate the diffraction events. The separated seismic diffractions can be migrated with a traditional seismic imaging method or a specifically designed migration method to highlight the diffractors, that is, the diffraction image. Traditional diffraction separation methods based on the underlying plane-wave assumption are limited by either the inaccurate slope es

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23

N/A, N/A. "Holographic Diffraction Gratings." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 45, no. 8 (2008): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop20084508.0081.

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24

Burnett, William A., Alexander Klokov, Sergey Fomel, Rishidev Bansal, Enru Liu, and Tim Jenkinson. "Seismic diffraction interpretation at Piceance Creek." Interpretation 3, no. 1 (2015): SF1—SF14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0091.1.

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We applied time-domain seismic diffraction imaging to a 3D data set from the Piceance Creek Field, Piceance Basin, northwest Colorado. The work was motivated by the need for insight into natural fracture distribution, thought to influence production. We used a novel chain of two previously developed processing steps to separate diffractions from the recorded wavefield — One step is applied to the conventional stack volume, and the other was applied to migrated dip-angle gathers. The diffractions were then imaged independently for interpretation. Comparison of seismic attributes, commonly used

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25

Zhao, Jingtao, Caixia Yu, Suping Peng, and Chuangjian Li. "3D diffraction imaging method using low-rank matrix decomposition." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 1 (2020): S1—S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0417.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Seismic weak responses from subsurface small-scale geologic discontinuities or inhomogeneities are encoded in 3D diffractions. Separating weak diffractions from a strong reflection background is a difficult problem for diffraction imaging, especially for the 3D case when they are tangent to or interfering with each other. Most conventional diffraction separation methods ignore the azimuth discrepancy between reflections and diffractions when suppressing reflections. In fact, the reflections associated with a specific pair of azimuth-dip angle possess sparse characteristics, and the diffraction

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26

Santos, Luiz Alberto, Eloise Helena Policarpo Neves, Antônio Fernando Menezes Freire, Marco Antônio Cetale Santos, Ryo Matsumoto, and Claudia M. I. Ajus. "Diffraction velocity analysis in a single-channel seismic survey in the Joetsu Basin." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 2 (2020): U47—U53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0011.1.

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Historically, marine research has been using single-channel seismic (SCS) devices for scientific projects. Despite SCS’s abundant data availability and the contribution it has brought for subsurface comprehension, few efforts have been dedicated to improve the SCS processing flow to extract more information carried by seismic signals and for better imaging. Diffractions present the necessary means to estimate sediment acoustic properties useful for imaging, stability studies, and geohazard prevention. The root-mean-square (rms) velocity is estimated from diffractions using a diffraction veloci

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27

Hu, Wen, Xiaojing Huang, and Hanfei Yan. "Dynamic diffraction artefacts in Bragg coherent diffractive imaging." Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, no. 1 (2018): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576718000274.

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This article reports a theoretical study on the reconstruction artefacts in Bragg coherent diffractive imaging caused by dynamical diffraction effects. It is shown that, unlike the absorption and refraction effects that can be corrected after reconstruction, dynamical diffraction effects have profound impacts on both the amplitude and the phase of the reconstructed complex object, causing strong artefacts. At the dynamical diffraction limit, the reconstructed shape is no longer correct, as a result of the strong extinction effect. Simulations for hemispherical particles of different sizes show

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28

Bolotovskiĭ, Boris M., and Evgenii A. Galst'yan. "Diffraction and diffraction radiation." Physics-Uspekhi 43, no. 8 (2000): 755–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu2000v043n08abeh000683.

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Bolotovskii, Boris M., and Evgenii A. Galst'yan. "Diffraction and diffraction radiation." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 170, no. 8 (2000): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0170.200008a.0809.

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30

Huang, Shuan-Yu, Bing-Yau Huang, Chi-Chung Kang, and Chie-Tong Kuo. "Diffraction and Polarization Properties of Electrically–Tunable Nematic Liquid Crystal Grating." Polymers 12, no. 9 (2020): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091929.

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This work demonstrates an electrically-tunable nematic liquid crystal (NLC) diffraction grating with a periodic electrode structure, and discusses the polarization properties of its diffraction. The efficiency of the first-order diffraction can be gradually controlled by applying external electric fields cross the NLC, and the maximum diffraction efficiency of the first-order diffraction that can be obtained is around 12.5% under the applied voltage of 5.0 V. In addition to the applied electric field, the efficiency of the first-order diffraction can also vary by changing the polarized state o

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31

Lin, Peng, Suping Peng, Jingtao Zhao, and Xiaoqin Cui. "Diffraction separation and imaging using multichannel singular-spectrum analysis." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 1 (2020): V11—V24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0201.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Seismic diffractions are the responses of small-scale discontinuous structures. They contain subwavelength geologic information. Thus, diffractions can be used for high-resolution imaging. The energy of diffractions is generally much weaker than that of reflections. Therefore, diffracted energy is typically masked by specular reflected energy. Diffraction/reflection separation is a crucial preprocessing step for diffraction imaging. To resolve the diffraction-separation problem, we have developed a method based on the multichannel singular-spectrum analysis (MSSA) algorithm for diffraction sep

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32

Huang, Yunsong, Dongliang Zhang, and Gerard T. Schuster. "Tomographic resolution limits for diffraction imaging." Interpretation 3, no. 1 (2015): SF15—SF20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0079.1.

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We derived formulas for the tomographic resolution limits [Formula: see text] of diffraction data. Resolution limits exhibited that diffractions can provide twice or more the tomographic resolution of specular reflections and therefore led to more accurate reconstructions of velocities between layers. Numerical simulations supported this claim in which the tomogram inverted from diffraction data was noticeably more resolved compared to that inverted from specular data. The specular synthetics were generated by sources on the surface, and the diffraction data were generated by buried diffractor

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33

Bansal, Reeshidev, and Matthias G. Imhof. "Diffraction enhancement in prestack seismic data." GEOPHYSICS 70, no. 3 (2005): V73—V79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1926577.

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Abstract (sommario):

Seismic diffractions are often considered noise and are intentionally or implicitly suppressed during processing. Diffraction-like events include true diffractions, wave conversions, or fracture waves which may contain valuable information about the subsurface and could be used for interpretation or imaging. Using synthetic and field data, we examine workflows to separate diffractions from reflections that allow enhancement of diffraction-like signals and suppression of reflections. The workflows consist of combinations of standard processing modules. Most workflows apply normal moveout correc

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34

Steinberg, Shlomi, Ravi Ramamoorthi, Benedikt Bitterli, Arshiya Mollazainali, Eugene D'Eon, and Matt Pharr. "A Free-Space Diffraction BSDF." ACM Transactions on Graphics 43, no. 4 (2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3658166.

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Free-space diffractions are an optical phenomenon where light appears to "bend" around the geometric edges and corners of scene objects. In this paper we present an efficient method to simulate such effects. We derive an edge-based formulation of Fraunhofer diffraction, which is well suited to the common (triangular) geometric meshes used in computer graphics. Our method dynamically constructs a free-space diffraction BSDF by considering the geometry around the intersection point of a ray of light with an object, and we present an importance sampling strategy for these BSDFs. Our method is uni

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35

GOULIANOS, KONSTANTIN. "QCD ASPECTS OF HADRONIC DIFFRACTION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 19 (2005): 4442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05028041.

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Experimental results on soft and hard diffractive processes obtained by the CDF Collaboration in [Formula: see text] interactions are examined with emphasis on regularities that point to QCD aspects of hadronic diffraction. Data are interpreted in a phenomenological approach in which diffractive cross sections are related to the underlying inclusive parton distribution functions of the nucleon. In this approach, diffraction appears to be mediated by the exchange of low-x partons subject to color constraints.

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36

Kapitonov, Yu V., P. Yu Shapochkin, Yu V. Petrov, V. A. Lovtcius, S. A. Eliseev, and Yu P. Efimov. "Diffraction from excitonic diffraction grating." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1368 (November 2019): 022013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1368/2/022013.

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37

Bauman, Robert P. "Diffraction and Non‐Diffraction Fringes." Physics Teacher 34, no. 6 (1996): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2344471.

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Klokov, Alexander, Damir Irkabaev, Osareni C. Ogiesoba, and Nail Munasypov. "Correlation between seismic diffractions extracted from vertical seismic profiling data and borehole logging in a carbonate environment." Interpretation 3, no. 2 (2015): T121—T129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0156.1.

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Seismic diffractions may play an important role in seismic interpretation because they characterize geologic objects that might not be visible for conventional seismic attribute analysis. Diffractivity may be caused by, and consequently may define, tectonic dislocations (faults and fractures), lithologic variations, and fluid saturation within rocks. We have tied seismic diffractions extracted from vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data and borehole logging, from which we recognized the reasons that were responsible for diffractivity of the strata. First, we processed a multisource multicompone

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Dell, Sergius, and Dirk Gajewski. "Common-reflection-surface-based workflow for diffraction imaging." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 5 (2011): S187—S195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2010-0229.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Imaging of diffractions is a challenge in seismic processing. Standard seismic processing is tuned to enhance reflections. Separation of diffracted from reflected events is frequently used to achieve an optimized image of diffractions. We present a method to effectively separate and image diffracted events in the time domain. The method is based on the common-reflection-surface-based diffraction stacking and the application of a diffraction-filter. The diffraction-filter uses kinematic wavefield attributes determined by the common-reflection-surface approach. After the separation of seismic ev

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40

Yang Liangliang, 杨亮亮, 崔庆丰 Cui Qingfeng, 刘涛 Liu Tao, and 薛常喜 Xue Changxi. "Measurement of Diffraction Efficiency for Diffractive Optical Elements." Acta Optica Sinica 32, no. 4 (2012): 0412007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201232.0412007.

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41

Rhodes, William T., and M. Sue McMeekin. "Diffraction efficiency of random binary-amplitude diffracting screens." Applied Optics 33, no. 32 (1994): 7569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.33.007569.

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42

Garfagnini, A. "Inclusive Diffraction and Diffractive Final States at HERA." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 174 (December 2007): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.08.089.

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43

Hermerschmidt, Andreas, Sven Krüger, and Günther Wernicke. "Binary diffractive beam splitters with arbitrary diffraction angles." Optics Letters 32, no. 5 (2007): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.32.000448.

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44

Badawi, F., and P. Villain. "Stress and elastic-constant analysis by X-ray diffraction in thin films." Journal of Applied Crystallography 36, no. 3 (2003): 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889803002486.

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Abstract (sommario):

Residual stresses influence most physical properties of thin films and are closely related to their microstructure. Among the most widely used methods, X-ray diffraction is the only one allowing the determination of both the mechanical and microstructural state of each diffracting phase. Diffracting planes are used as a strain gauge to measure elastic strains in one or several directions of the diffraction vector. Important information on the thin-film microstructure may also be extracted from the width of the diffraction peaks: in particular, the deconvolution of these peaks allows values of

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45

Yang, Bo, Luwen Xu, Ni Qiu, Jiaxi Yang, and Guangming Wang. "Simulation of Multiple Acoustic Diffraction Based on An Iterative Ray Tracing Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2450, no. 1 (2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2450/1/012001.

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Abstract The classical geometrical theory of diffraction is not available for simulating multiple diffractions in wave propagation. To improve the simulating accuracy for multiple diffractions, a multiple acoustic diffraction simulating method based on ray iteration tracing is proposed in this paper. In this method, the ray occurring at the edge of the wall is split into multiple sub-rays. Then, these sub-rays are continually traced based on the classical ray-tracing theory. The numerical verification demonstrates that this method is valid for simulating multiple diffractions.

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46

Artioli, Gilberto. "Single-crystal neutron diffraction." European Journal of Mineralogy 14, no. 2 (2002): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-0233.

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47

Hurley, Noah, Steve Kamau, Khadijah Alnasser, Usha Philipose, Jingbiao Cui, and Yuankun Lin. "Laser Diffraction Zones and Spots from Three-Dimensional Graded Photonic Super-Crystals and Moiré Photonic Crystals." Photonics 9, no. 6 (2022): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060395.

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The laser diffraction from periodic structures typically shows isolated and sharp point patterns at zeroth and ±nth orders. Diffraction from 2D graded photonic super-crystals (GPSCs) has demonstrated over 1000 spots due to the fractional diffractions. Here, we report the holographic fabrication of three types of 3D GPSCs through nine beam interferences and their characteristic diffraction patterns. The diffraction spots due to the fractional orders are merged into large-area diffraction zones for these three types of GPSCs. Three distinguishable diffraction patterns have been observed: (a) 3 ×

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48

Butt, Muhammad A., and Svetlana N. Khonina. "Non-Diffractive Beams for State-of-the-Art Applications." Micromachines 15, no. 6 (2024): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15060771.

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49

Gupta, Vipul K., and Sean R. Agnew. "Indexation and misorientation analysis of low-quality Laue diffraction patterns." Journal of Applied Crystallography 42, no. 1 (2009): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889808042349.

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Abstract (sommario):

A Laue X-ray diffraction pattern indexing scheme, similar to a method previously proposed for convergent beam and backscattered electron diffraction patterns, was implemented. Experimental diffraction patterns are compared with simulated templates corresponding to crystals of prescribed orientations. The orientation of a diffracting volume is determined by maximizing a normalized cross correlation index between experimental and theoretical patterns. The advantages of template matching include (i) elimination of the requirement for extensive peak search/fitting analysis; (ii) the ability to ind

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50

Bakhtiari Rad, Parsa, Benjamin Schwarz, Dirk Gajewski, and Claudia Vanelle. "Common-reflection-surface-based prestack diffraction separation and imaging." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 1 (2018): S47—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0445.1.

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Diffraction imaging can lead to high-resolution characterization of small-scale subsurface structures. A key step of diffraction imaging and tomography is diffraction separation and enhancement, especially in the full prestack data volume. We have considered point diffractors and developed a robust and fully data-driven workflow for prestack diffraction separation based on wavefront attributes, which are determined using the common-reflection-surface (CRS) method. In the first of two steps, we apply a zero-offset-based extrapolation operator for prestack diffraction separation, which combines

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