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1
Storino, Fabio, Fábio Senne, Luciana Portilho e Alexandre Barbosa. "Unequal Inclusion". Law, State and Telecommunications Review 12, n. 2 (12 ottobre 2020): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v12i2.34718.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose ”“ The paper aims at assessing the evolution of the digital divide in Brazil in the last decade from a multidimensional perspective, going beyond the issue of access. How have the inequalities in the use of Internet in Brazil varied through time?
Methodology ”“ The paper investigates the relationship between individual socioeconomic characteristics and household characteristics, and the pattern of Internet access and use in Brazil using multivariate analysis, drawing on data from national ICT surveys between the years 2000 and 2019.
Findings ”“ The results show that increasing access do not necessarily result in a more equitable adoption and use of available online resources. They highlight a persistent “digital elite” capable of a more sophisticated use of the Internet. The maintenance ”” and even the increase ”” of differences in the use of Internet is in line with part of the literature on digital inclusion.
Practical Implications ”“ The study underscores the importance of developing methodological frameworks to better measure the digital divide, allowing it to be used as the independent variable in broader analyses of income inequality and access to public services, for instance. Additionally, the persistence of a "second level digital divide" in Brazil points to the need for policies that address the "digital skills gap" enabling the realization of the Internet's potential to ease social disparities.
Originality ”“ Despite the existing literature on the relationship between online inequalities and other kinds of inequalities, there are still few empirical studies, especially with a multidimensional perspective.
2
Mariën, Ilse, e Jernej A. Prodnik. "Digital inclusion and user (dis)empowerment: a critical perspective". info 16, n. 6 (2 settembre 2014): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-07-2014-0030.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – This article aims to highlight the main limitations of the emancipatory potentials of digital inclusion policies and information and communication technologies (ICTs). Increasingly, empowerment is put forward as one of the main goals of digital inclusion. By applying user-centric and participatory approaches, assumptions are made that individuals will be empowered and, as such, will be re-included in society. Design/methodology/approach – These assumptions, however, tend to ignore the social, economic, political and technical conditions within which individual choices are made and within which individuals must inevitably act. Instead of attempting to narrow the existing social gap between class-divided societies, and of probing the limitations given at the macro-level by questioning the wider social structure, digital inclusion policies tend to individualize problems that are in fact social in their nature. Findings – This contribution will, therefore, aim to identify the key causes of structural (dis)empowerment and how these resonate to digital inclusion. The article positions itself within the political economy of communication research tradition and aims to confront the structural consequences of social inequalities, existing social hierarchies and power structures against mechanisms of digital inequalities and against the implementation of digital inclusion policies. Originality/value – By proceeding from a critical perspective, it aims to demonstrate the limitations of user-centric and micro-level approaches, while questioning their normative interpretations of digital empowerment which tend to be reductionist in their essence and instrumental in their aims.
3
Liu, Xiaojie, Jiannan Zhu, Jianfeng Guo e Changnan Cui. "Spatial Association and Explanation of China’s Digital Financial Inclusion Development Based on the Network Analysis Method". Complexity 2021 (22 maggio 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6649894.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As an essential direction for developing inclusive finance, digital financial inclusion breaks through the time and space constraints of inclusive finance development and has extensive connections between different regions. However, no research has modelled the network connections and the role and position of different digital financial inclusion development regions. This study constructed the spatial association network of China’s digital financial inclusion development and used the network analysis method and the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) method to study the structural and locational properties and the influencing factors of the network. We found that (1) although the network had a relatively low density, its connectivity and stability were excellent, and the network structure is not hierarchical; (2) the centrality of some rapidly developing central and western provinces was greater than that of some developed eastern provinces; (3) developed eastern provinces played a net spillover role, driving the development of digital financial inclusion in central and western provinces; and (4) the spatial association was affected by the development level of the PC Internet and economy, the industrial structure, and the spatial adjacency. This study enriches the research on digital financial inclusion and provides a scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of policies to promote the further development of digital financial inclusion.
4
Aguilera, Francisco Jose Garcia, e Pablo Franco Caballero. "Actions of social and labour inclusion with ICT: an assessment of the Velez-Malaga urban area". New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, n. 1 (10 maggio 2019): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v6i1.4162.
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In the framework of knowledge society, information and communication technologies, the digital divide is still a determining factor for social inclusion and access to employment processes. In the interest of an inclusive and equitable development of digital competencies, governments and public policies should propose and enhance development programmes and initiatives for different groups of disadvantaged people, as well as the possibility of adult professional reorientation for those who run the risk of not having appropriate qualifications for their jobs. Consequently, it is necessary to ascertain the real situation of different urban areas in order to diagnose existing deficits in digital matters and develop integrated strategies to facilitate the inclusion and improvement of access to employment. The present study describes this reality in the municipal context of Velez-Malaga (Spain) and analyses the effectiveness of the measures put in place to improve the social and labour inclusion of its citizens.
Keywords: Inclusion, ICT, employment, digital competency, citizens.
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Ziesche, Soenke, e Roman Yampolskiy. "Towards AI Welfare Science and Policies". Big Data and Cognitive Computing 3, n. 1 (27 dicembre 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc3010002.
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In light of fast progress in the field of AI there is an urgent demand for AI policies. Bostrom et al., provide “a set of policy desiderata”, out of which this article attempts to contribute to the “interests of digital minds”. The focus is on two interests of potentially sentient digital minds: to avoid suffering and to have the freedom of choice about their deletion. Various challenges are considered, including the vast range of potential features of digital minds, the difficulties in assessing the interests and wellbeing of sentient digital minds, and the skepticism that such research may encounter. Prolegomena to abolish suffering of sentient digital minds as well as to measure and specify wellbeing of sentient digital minds are outlined by means of the new field of AI welfare science, which is derived from animal welfare science. The establishment of AI welfare science serves as a prerequisite for the formulation of AI welfare policies, which regulate the wellbeing of sentient digital minds. This article aims to contribute to sentiocentrism through inclusion, thus to policies for antispeciesism, as well as to AI safety, for which wellbeing of AIs would be a cornerstone.
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Arroyo, Lidia. "Implications of Digital Inclusion: Digitalization in Terms of Time Use from a Gender Perspective". Social Inclusion 8, n. 2 (14 maggio 2020): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i2.2546.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The implications of digital technologies for the transformation of gender relations and identities have been discussed since the early days of the internet. Although gender studies have identified clear gender gaps in terms of digital inclusion as well as potentialities for the transformation of women’s subjectivity, there is a lack of empirical evidence of the impact of digitalization in terms of time use from a gender perspective. Public policies have begun to address the digital gender gap, but the incorporation of a gender perspective in digital inclusion programmes which promotes women’s emancipation by challenging the gender division of time through use of the internet has been not incorporated in the digital policies agenda. This article aims to provide empirical evidence of the mutual interrelation between the time allocation and digital inclusion from a gender perspective. It considers how gender inequalities in time use shape women’s experience of digital inclusion and, at the same time, how digital inclusion promotes the reconfiguration of time in women’s everyday lives. Qualitative analysis based on episodic interviews explored the representations and practices of internet use by women in their everyday lives. The sample was made up of 32 women who were digitally included through a lifelong learning programme in Spain and had experienced the effects of the Spanish economic crisis. The article argues that digital inclusion does not automatically lead to a more egalitarian allocation of time use for women, but rather places greater value on women’s free time.
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Sourbati, Maria. "Disabling communications? A capabilities perspective on media access, social inclusion and communication policy". Media, Culture & Society 34, n. 5 (luglio 2012): 571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443712442702.
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Digital information and communication technologies feature prominently in programmes to promote social inclusion and to implement extensive reform in public service provision across Europe. The transition to an all-digital communications environment and the digital ‘switchover’ of public services bring to the fore a need to rethink access as a goal of public policy. This article probes patterns of internet diffusion among disabled people using capabilities framework and resource-based models of access. The analysis highlights the multi-dimensional character of media access capability as the space to evaluate policies for social inclusion; the relational character of disability as a phenomenon of the interface between personal circumstances and structural disadvantage; a capability failure resulting from a gap in policy commitment to promote universal access for disabled people and other excluded groups; and a requirement for policies sensitive to the need for additional resources to equalize the media access capabilities of these individuals.
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Belozyorov, Sergey A., e Olena Sokolovska. "Economic Sanctions against Russia: Assessing the Policies to Overcome their Impact". Economy of Region 16, n. 4 (dicembre 2020): 1115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Starting from 2014 the European Union countries, the United States of America and some other states im- posed economic sanctions against Russia, resulting in diversification of trade ties away from western part- ners (“pivot to the East” strategy). The mixed findings of recent sanctions literature related to their effective- ness and measures to overcome the negative consequences, has necessitated the examination of these issues for the case of anti-Russian economic sanctions. We use various macroeconomic data along with indicators of digital development and financial inclusion. The methodology comprises a combination of graphical, com- parative, and correlation analysis. The analysis of external sector data shows that economic sanctions had substantial negative impact on trade and foreign direct investment with main senders. At the same time, the “pivot to the East” after 2014 has not been implemented yet as much as expected. To overcome negative im- pact of sanctions and to promote economic growth, the current diversification of ties should be accompanied by other measures, centred on digital development, digital financial technologies, and financial inclusion. We assess linkages between digital development and wealth inequality and we found that in most countries with moderate wealth inequality, including Russia, the digital transformation could bring more benefits in terms of economic growth, than in countries with lower wealth inequality. The overall study allowed us to examine digital policy implications to overcome the negative effects of sanctions in Russia. The obtained results will contribute to addressing the problem of optimisation of Russia’s behaviour as a target country that is the subject of future research.
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Belozyorov, Sergey A., e Olena Sokolovska. "Economic Sanctions against Russia: Assessing the Policies to Overcome their Impact". Economy of Region 16, n. 4 (dicembre 2020): 1115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Starting from 2014 the European Union countries, the United States of America and some other states im- posed economic sanctions against Russia, resulting in diversification of trade ties away from western part- ners (“pivot to the East” strategy). The mixed findings of recent sanctions literature related to their effective- ness and measures to overcome the negative consequences, has necessitated the examination of these issues for the case of anti-Russian economic sanctions. We use various macroeconomic data along with indicators of digital development and financial inclusion. The methodology comprises a combination of graphical, com- parative, and correlation analysis. The analysis of external sector data shows that economic sanctions had substantial negative impact on trade and foreign direct investment with main senders. At the same time, the “pivot to the East” after 2014 has not been implemented yet as much as expected. To overcome negative im- pact of sanctions and to promote economic growth, the current diversification of ties should be accompanied by other measures, centred on digital development, digital financial technologies, and financial inclusion. We assess linkages between digital development and wealth inequality and we found that in most countries with moderate wealth inequality, including Russia, the digital transformation could bring more benefits in terms of economic growth, than in countries with lower wealth inequality. The overall study allowed us to examine digital policy implications to overcome the negative effects of sanctions in Russia. The obtained results will contribute to addressing the problem of optimisation of Russia’s behaviour as a target country that is the subject of future research.
10
Verdegem, Pieter. "Social Media for Digital and Social Inclusion: Challenges for Information Society 2.0 Research & Policies". tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 9, n. 1 (13 gennaio 2011): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v9i1.225.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper we reflect on how research and policies can and/or should help in the development of a sustainable participatory information society for all. More specifically, we aim to investigate critically how social media can entail both potential and pitfalls, especially with regard to the difficult relationship between digital and social inclusion. First of all, traditional information society policies are scrutinized. Furthermore, we point at the existence of digital inequalities and we reflect briefly on policy intervention on e-inclusion. In addition, we also evaluate the raise of social media. Finally, attention is given to the challenge of how research can contribute to the participation of all in the information society.
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Verdegem, Pieter. "Social Media for Digital and Social Inclusion: Challenges for Information Society 2.0 Research & Policies". tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 9, n. 1 (13 gennaio 2011): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol9iss1pp28-38.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper we reflect on how research and policies can and/or should help in the development of a sustainable participatory information society for all. More specifically, we aim to investigate critically how social media can entail both potential and pitfalls, especially with regard to the difficult relationship between digital and social inclusion. First of all, traditional information society policies are scrutinized. Furthermore, we point at the existence of digital inequalities and we reflect briefly on policy intervention on e-inclusion. In addition, we also evaluate the raise of social media. Finally, attention is given to the challenge of how research can contribute to the participation of all in the information society.
12
Alam, Khorshed, e Sophia Imran. "The digital divide and social inclusion among refugee migrants". Information Technology & People 28, n. 2 (1 giugno 2015): 344–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-04-2014-0083.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors which influence refugee migrants’ adoption of digital technology and its relevance to their social inclusion in Australia. Design/methodology/approach – This research developed a conceptual framework keeping the “use” of digital technology as the centre-piece of the digital divide. The empirical data were derived from a series of focus group discussions with refugee migrants in an Australian regional city, Toowoomba in Queensland. Findings – There is a digital divide among refugee migrant groups and it is based on inequalities in physical access to and use of digital technology, the skills necessary to use the different technologies effectively and the ability to pay for the services. The opportunities to use digital technology could support the social inclusion of refugee migrant groups in the broader Australian community. Research limitations/implications – Further research is required to examine whether this digital divide is unique in the regional context or common to Australian society and to confirm factors that might contribute significantly to refugee migrants’ social inclusion. Originality/value – This paper determined the role digital technology can play in building social capital and hence social inclusion among refugee migrant groups. Many of the factors identified as influencing refugee migrants’ use of digital technology can inform the Australian government and the information and communication technology industry in devising supportive policies and plans to reduce the risk of social exclusion, alienation and marginalisation among refugee migrant groups.
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Rodríguez-Díaz, M. Rosario, e Rocío Jiménez-Cortés. "Digital inclusion of women in the Spanish policies of the society of the information". Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social 20, n. 2 (29 maggio 2020): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/athenea.2702.
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Verdegem, Pieter. "3rd ICTs and Society Meeting; Paper Session - Inequalities: social, economic, political; Paper 1: Information Society Policies 2.0. A Critical Analysis of the Potential and Pit-falls of Social Computing & Informatics in the Light of E-inclusion". tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, n. 2 (26 giugno 2010): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v8i2.217.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper we reflect on how research and policies can and/or should help in the development of a sustainable information society for all. More specifically, we critically investigate how social computing & informatics can entail both potential and pitfalls, especially with regard to the difficult relationship between digital and social inclusion. First of all, traditional information society policies are scrutinized. Furthermore, we point at the existence of digital inequalities and we reflect briefly on policy intervention on this (e-inclusion). In addition, we also evaluate the raise of social computing & informatics. Finally, attention is given to the challenge of how research can contribute to the participation of all in the information society.
15
Verdegem, Pieter. "3rd ICTs and Society Meeting; Paper Session - Inequalities: social, economic, political; Paper 1: Information Society Policies 2.0. A Critical Analysis of the Potential and Pit-falls of Social Computing & Informatics in the Light of E-inclusion". tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, n. 2 (26 giugno 2010): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol8iss2pp139-142.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper we reflect on how research and policies can and/or should help in the development of a sustainable information society for all. More specifically, we critically investigate how social computing & informatics can entail both potential and pitfalls, especially with regard to the difficult relationship between digital and social inclusion. First of all, traditional information society policies are scrutinized. Furthermore, we point at the existence of digital inequalities and we reflect briefly on policy intervention on this (e-inclusion). In addition, we also evaluate the raise of social computing & informatics. Finally, attention is given to the challenge of how research can contribute to the participation of all in the information society.
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Lopes, Daniel De Queiroz, Eliane Schlemmer e Rosane Molina. "Atenção cartográfica em pesquisas online sobre políticas de inclusão digital / Cartographic Attention in Online Research about Digital Inclusion Policies". Revista Polis e Psique 4, n. 3 (5 settembre 2014): 150–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2238-152x.46134.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O Brasil tem desenvolvido recentemente diversos programas de inclusão digital a partir das escolas públicas, envolvendo ações como a entrega de equipamentos, a conexão à Internet e a capacitação no uso pedagógico das tecnologias digitais (TD). No Rio Grande do Sul, o Programa Província de São Pedro (PPSP) tem como meta distribuir netbooks e tablets para professores e alunos, priorizando, inicialmente, escolas estaduais localizadas em cidades que desenvolvem o Programa Territórios de Paz (PTP). Qual o sentido de associar um Programa educacional de inclusão digital a um Programa de segurança pública? O presente artigo apresenta uma cartografia inicial das ações nos contextos do PPSP e do PTP a fim de investigar as articulações entre tais Programas. Apresenta a cartografia digital como proposição metodológica capaz de promover articulações entre as políticas de cultura e de educação de tais Programas, bem como caminho para a reconfiguração das políticas da atenção nas escolas.
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Medina-García, Marta, Lina Higueras-Rodríguez, Mª del Mar García-Vita e Luis Doña-Toledo. "ICT, Disability, and Motivation: Validation of a Measurement Scale and Consequence Model for Inclusive Digital Knowledge". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 13 (24 giugno 2021): 6770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136770.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of ICT (information communication technology) as an educational resource is becoming more evident in the education systems of most countries, even more so with the COVID-19 crisis. When it comes to disability and education, ICT becomes a tool for social and educational inclusion. This study presents the validation and evaluation of a measurement scale on ICT literacy for inclusive education. In addition, based on previous literature, a conceptual model is proposed and validated through PLS (partial least squares) using a sample of 142 teachers from all educational stages. The results show that teachers’ ICT knowledge to ensure inclusion consists of five dimensions on specific needs. ICT knowledge has a positive impact on teacher motivation and ICT use. Teachers at primary and early childhood education levels have a lower motivation and use of ICT, although they have a higher knowledge of disability. The results found allow progress to be made in measuring the educational inclusion of schools and the ICT knowledge needed to ensure care and support for all people. A notable implication is the need for training on ICT and disability within educational policies.
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Wahab, Riva'atul Adaniah. "NARROWING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES TO ENSURE THE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION". Masyarakat Telematika Dan Informasi : Jurnal Penelitian Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 10, n. 2 (9 dicembre 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17933/mti.v10i2.157.
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The digital divide for disabilities is a barrier to information acquisition, which is a basic need for self-development, social environment, and participation in national development. However, the implementation of Indonesian government policies and programs still has not shown the expected results. From the access aspect, some disabilities cannot obtain ICT infrastructures. Moreover, the challenge in accessing the government web is due to the inconsistent implementation of policies. From the ability aspect, the stigma of discrimination that is still developing in educational institutions and the private sector are an integral obstacle to encourage productivity, absorption in the workforce, or open employment opportunities. Thus, the target of fulfilling the proportion of people with disabilities in employment cannot be achieved. Those require collaboration and cooperation between the central government sector, local and central government, central government and private, and educational institutions to fulfill their rights and be able to compete in local, national, and international scale. Furthermore, a joint commitment is required in the form of policy or affirmative policy accompanied by supervision and periodic evaluation with clear standards that encourage the fulfillment of the rights of people with disabilities to ICT.
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Toquero, Cathy Mae Dabi. "Inclusion of People with Disabilities amid COVID-19: Laws, Interventions, Recommendations". Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research 10, n. 2 (15 giugno 2020): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/remie.2020.5877.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an ongoing challenge especially for those people and children with special needs and disabilities as their voices are unheard in normal times and this unfortunate situation is heightened during this emergency. Government policies during the pandemic necessitate inclusion for people with disabilities who also have their global rights for no one should be left behind in this crisis. This article examines the laws of the Philippine Government on the provision for the inclusive special education and rights of the said learners, highlights the possible educational interventions to supplement their learning amid the pandemic and offers recommendations for the emergency preparedness legislative policies and services to be responsive to the educational, socio-emotional, and mental health needs of the students with disabilities amid the pandemic. Future research should examine the experiences of the children with disabilities in using digital media during the pandemic period and evaluate the effectiveness of assistive technologies to meet the learning needs of people with disabilities.
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Baker, Geoffrey. "‘Digital indigestion’: cumbia, class and a post-digital ethos in Buenos Aires". Popular Music 34, n. 2 (30 aprile 2015): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026114301500001x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article focuses on three recent manifestations of cumbia in Buenos Aires, Argentina: digital cumbia released by ZZK Records; retro cumbia orchestras; and a newer strand of digital cumbia, música turra. The first two are identified with the middle class, whereas the third emerged from the clases populares (‘popular classes’). Música turra is underpinned by government policies towards digital inclusion, while middle-class incursions into the traditionally working-class sphere of cumbia, too, suggest increasing social cohesion. However, the digital fascination of música turra contrasts with an embrace of the analogue and acoustic in middle-class cumbia. These developments point to the emergence of a post-digital ethos and a shift from a digital to a post-digital divide, also running along class lines, analysed here through a Bourdieusian lens of taste and distinction. While transnational in nature, the post-digital ethos appears in Buenos Aires in a distinctive local form, articulated to growing Latin Americanism and post-neoliberalism on the part of the middle class.
21
Strover, Sharon, Brian Whitacre, Colin Rhinesmith e Alexis Schrubbe. "The digital inclusion role of rural libraries: social inequalities through space and place". Media, Culture & Society 42, n. 2 (26 giugno 2019): 242–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443719853504.
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A great deal of scholarship on broadband deployment and federal policies has positioned rural America through a deficit framework: rural parts of the country have older populations (and therefore not tech savvy), are poor (and therefore justifiably ignored by the market), too remote (therefore outside of legitimate profit-making enterprise), and losing population (and therefore significance). This research examines rural Internet connectivity through the lens of local libraries lending hotspots for Internet connectivity. Qualitative data gathered in 24 rural communities in Kansas and Maine undercut simplistic notions regarding how communication systems operate in environments ignored by normative market operations. Financial precarity and pressures from social and economic institutions compel rurally based individuals and families to assemble piecemeal Internet presence and connectivity. The public library plays a crucial role in providing Internet resources and stands out in the rural environment as a site that straddles public trust and local.
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Cabello, Patricio, e Magdalena Claro. "Public policies for digital inclusion among young people in Chile: reflections on access, opportunities, outcomes and rights". Journal of Children and Media 11, n. 2 (3 aprile 2017): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2017.1306368.
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Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu. "Has financial inclusion made the financial sector riskier?" Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 29, n. 3 (18 gennaio 2021): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-08-2020-0074.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose This paper aims to examine whether high levels of financial inclusion is associated with greater financial risk. Design/methodology/approach The study uses regression methodology to estimate the effect of financial inclusion on financial risk. Findings The findings reveal that higher account ownership is associated with greater financial risk through high non-performing loans and high-cost inefficiency in the financial sector of developed countries, advanced countries and transition economies. Increased use of debit cards, credit cards and digital finance products reduced risk in the financial sector of advanced countries and developed countries but not for transition economies and developing countries. The findings also show that the combined use of digital finance products with increased formal account ownership improves financial sector efficiency in developing countries while the combined use of credit cards with increased formal account ownership reduces insolvency risk and improves financial sector efficiency in developing countries. Research limitations/implications The paper offers several implications for policy and financial regulation. It suggests policies that would reduce the financial risk that financial inclusion poses to the financial sector. Originality/value The recent interest in financial inclusion and the unintended consequences of policy-driven financial inclusion in some parts of the world is raising concern about the risks that financial inclusion may introduce to the formal financial sector. Little is known about the risks that financial inclusion may pose to the financial sector.
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SELWYN, NEIL. "‘E-stablishing’ an Inclusive Society? Technology, Social Exclusion and UK Government Policy Making". Journal of Social Policy 31, n. 1 (gennaio 2002): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279402006487.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In many industrialised countries information and communication technology (ICT) is now being seen as a ready means through which governments can address issues of social exclusion. Indeed, in the UK this perspective has been quickly translated into a multi-billion pound policy agenda aimed at using ICT for socially inclusive purposes. Yet, beyond rhetorical concerns over bridging the perceived ‘digital divide’ and alleviating disparities between the information ‘rich’ and ‘poor’, little critical consideration has been given to how technology is being used by governments to achieve socially inclusive aims. This paper therefore examines the UK government’s ICT-based social policy drive through official documentation, policy statements and political discourse – considering the ‘problems’ that it sets out to address, the substance of the policies, and the perceived rationales and benefits for doing so. Having explored the official construction of these policies, the paper then examines how well founded this policy framework is in terms of achieving its stated aims of widening access to ICT and effectively facilitating ‘social inclusion’. The paper concludes by developing a critical perspective of such ICT policies which reveals deeper economic rationales informing this ostensibly ‘social’ policy programme.
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Abad-Alcalá, Leopoldo. "Media literacy for older people facing the digital divide: The e-inclusion programmes design". Comunicar 21, n. 42 (1 gennaio 2014): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c42-2014-17.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article is based on the fact that the Spanish population is aging, and is second only to Japan in its total number of senior citizens. Given this situation and the omnipresence of new technologies in everyday life, the use of Internet and ICT for older people is essential. The latest report by IMSERSO shows that only 15.6% of people aged be tween 65 and 74 connected to the Internet in the 3-month period measured. The data seem to show that there is a generational digital divide to be overcome. The studies that have addressed this issue have focused more on regional and specific aspects of the relationship between age and Internet use intensity, and these studies use age ranges as criteria. Other studies have introduced variables such as seniors’ economic situation or educational level. With this in mind, public policies have sought to reduce this generational digital divide through a number of media literacy and e-learning projects but without success due to their poor methodological approach. This paper proposes a number of new methodological approaches to tackle the design of digital literacy programs for older people based on criteria such as degree of autonomy and the possibilities for enjoying everyday life, proposing the development of programs based on contextualism, incrementalism, motivation and absorption processes. Tras la japonesa, la población española es la segunda población que más envejece. Ante esta situación y la omnipresencia de las nuevas tecnologías, el uso de Internet y las TIC en la vida cotidiana se hace imprescindible para las personas mayores. El último informe del IMSERSO establecía que solo se habían conectado a Internet en los últimos tres meses un 15,6% de las personas entre 65 y 74 años. Estos datos muestran la existencia de una brecha digital de carácter generacional que debe ser superada. Los estudios que han abordado esta problemática se han centrado más en aspectos regionales, y los específicos sobre la relación entre edad e Internet han abordado solo la intensidad de uso vinculada a intervalos de edades. Otros estudios han introducido variables como el nivel económico o educativo. Frente a esta realidad, las políticas públicas han pretendido disminuir esta brecha digital generacional mediante diferentes proyectos de alfabetización mediática y e-learning, sin lograr su objetivo por el deficiente planteamiento metodológico de los cursos. Este artículo propone una serie de nuevas perspectivas metodológicas a la hora de abordar el diseño de programas de alfabetización digital de las personas mayores basadas en criterios tales como el grado de autonomía o falta de la misma para la vida cotidiana así como el desarrollo de programas basados en el contextualismo, incrementalismo, motivación y proceso de absorción.
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Pereira, Patrícia Mallmann Souto, e Valdir Jose Morigi. "“INCLUSÃO” DIGITAL, RELAÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS E VIGILÂNCIA". P2P E INOVAÇÃO 2, n. 1 (2 settembre 2015): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2015v2n1.p86-97.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Reflete sobre as políticas públicas de inclusão digital em um contexto comunitário de favela e a questão da vigilância urbana na contemporaneidade. É baseado em resultados da tese que investigou a relação entre inclusão digital, informação e cidadania na favela Santa Marta, localizada na zona sul do Rio de Janeiro/RJ. O estudo busca apoio na fundamentação teórica de Bauman, ao analisar a questão da fusão de formas sociais e sua relação direta com o sentido de comunidade e o paradoxo entre os valores de solidariedade e do individualismo na sociedade contemporânea. Percebe que o contexto de mudança do espaço urbano da favela, com reflexo nas relações sociocomunitárias e que conduz à noção da vigilância e da insegurança, produz uma alteração no comportamento dos movimentos comunitários locais. DIGITAL “INCLUSION”, COMMUNITY RELATIONS AND SURVEILLANCE Abstract Reflects on public policies of digital in a community context slum and the issue of urban surveillance in contemporary. Based on results of the thesis, which investigated the relationship between digital inclusion, information and citizenship in the favela Santa Marta, located in the southern zone of Rio de Janeiro/RJ. The study aims to support the theoretical basis of Bauman, in discussing the question of the merger of social forms and its direct relationship with the sense of community and the paradox between the values of solidarity and individualism in contemporary society. Realize that the changing context of the urban space of the slum, with an impact on social relationships and community and that leads to the notion of surveillance and insecurity, produces a change in the behavior of local community movements.
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Amazan-Hall, Khaila, Jen Jen Chen, Kathy Chiang, Amanda L. L. Cullen, Mark Deppe, Edgar Dormitorio, Doug Haynes et al. "Diversity and Inclusion in Esports Programs in Higher Education". International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations 10, n. 2 (aprile 2018): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgcms.2018040104.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The last 2 years have witnessed a tremendous rise in esports in the US and, with it, a growing concern about the lack of diversity and its underlying probable cause: toxicity toward women and minorities. The popularity of this new pastime among undergraduates has skyrocketed and club leagues are quickly transitioning into collegiate sports, leaving universities to rapidly catch up with student demand in order to attract and keep a technologically-adept incoming student body. The University of California, Irvine has become a leader in collegiate esports programs, boasting a centrally located, dedicated esports arena, an active gaming student body (72%), and undergraduate scholarships. The goal is to be a leader not merely on the digital field, however. The goal is to also live up to the long-standing commitment to diversity and inclusion across all aspects of campus life. In this article, the authors detail the strategy for accomplishing this. As university esports programs emerge nationwide, so too must campus policies and practices that ensure a welcoming and safe environment for all students.
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POLIDO, Fabricio B. Pasquot. "A REFORMA DA LEI GERAL DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES E SEUS CONSTITUINTES: RISCOS E OPORTUNIDADES PARA UNIVERSALIZAÇÃO DO ACESSO À INTERNET E INCLUSÃO DIGITAL NO BRASIL". Revista Juridica 1, n. 54 (29 marzo 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v1i54.3304.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
RESUMOO artigo sugere uma avaliação da proposta de reforma da Lei Geral de Telecomunicações de 1997 no Brasil, segundo o Projeto de Lei nº 79/2016, atualmente em tramitação no Congresso Nacional, e sua compatibilidade com o Marco Civil da Internet e objetivos da agenda global digital. Dentre esses objetivos destacamse a universalização do acesso à internet por banda larga de qualidade e a afirmação do direito de acesso à internet como direito humano. Um balanço de efetividade da LGT e escrutínio dos interesses que movem a iniciativa reformadora em curso também se revelam necessários, especialmente em função dos imperativos de transparência e debate público, centrais aos processos democráticos, e da relação indissociável entre políticas de inclusão digital e de transformação digital no Brasil. Qualquer oportunidade de reforma da LGT igualmente exige uma abertura para integração normativa com o Marco Civil, conducente com a promoção de políticas industriais, tecnológicas e de inovação, aptas a apoiar o incremento das bases educacionais e científicas no país.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lei Geral de Telecomunicações; Marco Civil da Internet; Agenda Global Digital; Universalização do acesso à internet; Direitos Humanos; Inclusão Digital. ABSTRACTThe article suggests an evaluation of the current proposed amendment to Brazilian General Telecommunications Law of 1997 by the Bill No. 79/2016, currently pending for approval by the National Congress, and its compatibility with the 2014 ‘Marco Civil da Internet’ and further objectives of the global digital agenda. These objectives include the universalization of Internet access and the affirmation of right to access to the internet as a human right. One should remark the relevance of both an effectiveness’ evaluation of the 1997 Act and the scrutiny of current stakes and lobbies underlying the ongoing legislative initiative, especially in view of pivotal principles of democratic process, such as in transparency and public debate, the inseparable relationship between digital inclusion and digital transformation policies for Brazil. Any opportunity to amend BGTA equally requires the openness toward the normative interplay with Marco Civil da Internet, which may be supportive to the promotion of industrial, technological and innovation policies aimed at increasing of educational and scientific bases in the country. KEYWORDS: General Telecommunications Act; Marco Civil da Internet; Global digital agenda; Universal Internet Access; Human Right; Digital inclusion.
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Pinto, Maria, Francisco-Javier Garcia-Marco, Gloria Ponjuán e Dora Sales. "Information literacy policies and planning in Ibero-America: Perspectives from an international digital survey". Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 51, n. 2 (12 dicembre 2017): 511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000617742449.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An analysis of the state of the policies and plans on information literacy in Ibero-America is presented, based on the results of a survey carried out on 42 librarians and academics from 13 different countries, specialized in the development of information skills. The data were gathered from a detailed questionnaire survey conducted during the years 2012–2013. The information was collected through open questions, which were later codified and standardized to allow quantitative analysis. In the results and discussion, the information literacy planning landscape in Ibero-America is presented in its most general and abstract aspects – the national policies – its visibility in the institutional strategic plans, and its deployment through specific programmes and actions. Widespread progress can be appreciated, as a large number of the institutions to which the invited experts belong have achieved the implementation of systematic programmes (42.9%), and with the rest, except in one case, involved in preparatory actions, pilot projects and activities of transition from the more traditional users’ training activities. Recommendations are offered on the inclusion of information literacy within the national policies for improved digital and media literacy, on its deployment in higher education institutions, and on the need for a truly interdisciplinary effort to articulate the field, looking for an effective and efficient integration of the current and diverse approaches and actions.
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Nizam, Rosmah, Zulkefly Abd Karim, Aisyah Abdul Rahman e Tamat Sarmidi. "INDEKS KETERANGKUMAN KEWANGAN DI NEGARA SEDANG MEMBANGUN MENGGUNAKAN KAEDAH BUKAN PARAMETRIK DAN PARAMETRIK". Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 5, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2020): 80–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp80-103.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tujuan dan Latarbelakang: Kajian ini bertujuan membuat penambahbaikan pengiraan indeks keterangkuman kewangan dengan mengambilkira dimensi teknologi kewangan digital (fintech) dan menggunakan data daripada sebelah penawaran (supply-side) dan permintaan (demand-side) yang melibatkan negara sedang membangun terpilih bagi tahun 2014 dan 2017 (68 buah negara).
Metodologi: Untuk mengukur indeks keterangkuman kewangan, kajian ini menggabungkan kaedah bukan-parametrik melalui model ukuran multidimensi dan kaedah parametrik Analisis Komponen Utama (PCA).
Dapatan: Keputusan empirik kajian dengan menggunakan analisis PCA mendapati bahawa indeks keterangkuman kewangan yang dikemukakan dengan penambahbaikan dimensi fintech mempunyai kepentingan relatif dan hubungan yang signifikan terhadap tahap keterangkuman kewangan. Kajian ini menunjukkan nilai indeks yang tinggi menggambarkan tahap keterangkuman kewangan yang baik dan inklusif, manakala nilai indeks yang rendah adalah sebaliknya.
Sumbangan: Implikasi daripada kajian ini menunjukkan kepentingan penggubal dasar untuk membentuk strategi dalam konteks keterangkuman kewangan di sesebuah negara. Selain itu, akses kepada perkhidmatan teknologi kewangan digital harus diperluaskan untuk meningkatkan tahap kewangan yang lebih inklusif dan mencapai keterangkuman kewangan sempurna.
Kata kunci: Analisis komponen utama (PCA), bukan parametrik, fintech, indeks keterangkuman kewangan, multidimensi, parametrik.
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: This paper aims to improve the construction of the index of financial inclusion with digital financial technology (fintech) dimensions, using supply-side and demand-side data from selected developing countries for 2014 and 2017 (68 countries).
Methodology: To measure the index of financial inclusion, this study combines non-parametric methods through the multidimensional measurement model proposed by Mandira Sarma (2012) and the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) as a parametric method.
Findings: The empirical findings of the study using PCA analysis found that improvement on proposed index of financial inclusion using fintech dimensions has a relative importance and significant relationship to the level of financial inclusiveness. This study shows that the higher index value reflecting the more inclusive of financial inclusion, while the lower index value is vice versa.
Contributions: This study concludes that it is important for policy makers to shape policies and strategies within the context of financial inclusion in a country. In addition, access to digital financial technology services should be expanded to increase the level of financial inclusiveness and achieve complete financial inclusion.
Keywords: Financial inclusion index, fintech, multidimensional, non-parametric, parametric, Principle Component Analysis (PCA).
Cite as: Nizam, R., Abd Karim, Z., Abdul Rahman, A., & Sarmidi, T. (2020). Indeks keterangkuman kewangan di negara sedang membangun menggunakan kaedah bukan parametrik dan parametric [Financial inclusion index in developing countries using non-parametric and parametric method]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 80-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp80-103
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Nguli, Judith Ndinda, e Robert Mukoswa Odunga. "Does Entrepreneur Innovativeness Moderate The Relationship Between Strategic Orientation And Financial Inclusion?" SEISENSE Journal of Management 2, n. 6 (10 novembre 2019): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33215/sjom.v2i6.233.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose- Although previous papers have attempted to explore the determinants of financial inclusion, few studies have interrogated the role of innovativeness in financial addition. This study examines the moderating role of entrepreneur innovativeness on the relationship between strategic orientation and financial inclusion
Design/Methodology - We used two indicators to measure financial inclusion; digital financial inclusion scale and traditional financial inclusion scale. Three proxies were used to measure strategic orientation; learning orientation, market orientation, and technology orientation. Survey data obtained from 634 women entrepreneurs was used, and the hypothesis was tested using moderated regression analysis.
Findings - The empirical results supported the hypothesis that innovative entrepreneur moderates the relationship between strategic orientation and financial inclusion. In particular, the results indicated that at higher levels of entrepreneur innovativeness, learning orientation has a stronger effect on financial inclusion. Similarly, the results also indicated that at high levels of entrepreneur innovativeness, technology orientation affects financial inclusion. In contrast with the other findings showing a positive moderating effect, at higher levels of entrepreneur innovativeness, the impact of market orientation on financial inclusion is low.
Practical Implications - The findings are useful to the government and practitioners for designing policies and training programs geared to increasing the level of financial inclusion among women Small and Medium Enterprises.
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Apolo, Diego, Malena Melo, Johe Solano e Felipe Aliaga-Sáez. "Pending issues from digital inclusion in Ecuador: challenges for public policies, programs and projects developed and ICT-mediated teacher training". Digital Education Review, n. 37 (30 giugno 2020): 130–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/der.2020.37.130-153.
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Shaheen, Natalie L., e Jonathan Lazar. "K–12 Technology Accessibility". Journal of Special Education Technology 33, n. 2 (7 novembre 2017): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162643417734557.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examined state education technology plans and technology accessibility statutes to attempt to answer the question—is K–12 instructional technology accessibility discussed in state-level technology accessibility statutes and education technology plans across the 50 United States? When a K–12 school district is planning the construction or acquisition of a new digital technology, are the legal requirements for making that digital environment accessible to people with disabilities part of the decision process? Just like built environments, digital environments can either be accessible or inaccessible to people with disabilities; the digital environment can either support or impede the inclusion of people with disabilities. At the federal level, statutes, regulations, and policy guidance make it clear that technology must be accessible to students with disabilities in K–12 schools. The message from the federal government is consistent. But what messages are state governments communicating, through statutes and policies, to K–12 educators about technology accessibility?
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Feenstra, Christina Maria. "BACK TO THE BEGINNING OF THE FUTURE: COMPARING DIGITAL POLICIES OF THE NETHERLANDS AND GERMANY". Political Expertise: POLITEX 16, n. 3 (2020): 360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2020.304.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this article is to compare the introduction of digital technologies in public administrations in the Netherlands and Germany. In academic research, models are developed to analyse the level of digitalization and performance of different organizations. Models serve to simplify reality in research, but the danger exists that this simplification starts to shape our understandings of different issues. In order for one to understand the current state of affairs, an understanding should be built towards the first initiatives regarding the digitalization of public administrations. Therefore, in this article, the policy notes of the Netherlands from 1995 and Germany from 2001 have been analysed and compared to determine the differences in designing and implementing digital technologies in public administrations. Different elements of the policy notes have been manually selected to offer a credible comparison of the two approaches towards digitalization. Due to the scope of this research, limited information has been provided about the influence of initiatives from the European level on the level of the Member States. The results show that both countries have a specific approach towards digitalization of public administration; the Netherlands focused on the utilization of the potential of digital technologies for her constitutional democracy. Germany, on the other hand, largely focused on developing the appropriate IT infrastructures as well as its central coordination. Finally, in the Netherlands, the government turned into a facilitator, enabling different actors to collaborate in numerous projects, with a strong focus on accessibility and inclusion. In Germany, despite the fact that the government already focused on the development and implementation of an IT infrastructure in the early 2000s, the focus is still laid on improving the digital infrastructure of the country.
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Da Silva, Keyseane Santos. "Análise reflexiva dos telecentros como espaços de inclusão digital no Amazonas / A reflective analysis of telecentros as spaces of inclusion and social development". Texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia 10, n. 2 (28 dicembre 2017): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1983-3652.10.2.145-157.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
RESUMO: A partir do convênio n° 01.0182.00/2008 celebrado entre o Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia e a Prefeitura Municipal de Manaus, cujo objetivo é a implantação de 219 Telecentros nas escolas públicas municipais urbanas e rurais, a Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SEMED) pretende promover a democratização do acesso à informação à comunidade escolar e sociedade em geral. Assim, este artigo discute a dimensão política e social dos telecentros comunitários em Manaus, a partir da análise das políticas públicas de inclusão digital, assinalando pontos críticos dessa ferramenta e buscando, assim, contribuir para a compreensão da dinâmica de inclusão digital e desenvolvimento social no Amazonas. Para obter tal resposta, recorrer-se-á a uma metodologia fundamentalmente dedutiva, fulcrada em pesquisa bibliográfica a partir de autores como Darelli (2003), Becker (2009) e Silveira (2001), que auxiliam na discussão a que o trabalho se propõe, visto que o telecentro poderá ser um espaço de empoderamento político e cultural das populações que dele farão uso.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: telecentro; inclusão digital; cidadania; Manaus; SEMED. ABSTRACT: Beginning with agreement nº. 01.0182.00/2008 between the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Municipal Government of Manaus, whose objective is the implementation of 219 telecentros in municipal public schools in urban and rural areas, the Secretaria Municipal de Educação – SEMED intends to promote the democratization of access to information to the school community and the society in general. Thus, this article discusses the political and social dimensions of community telecentros in Manaus from the analysis of public policies of digital inclusion, pointing out critical points of this tool, thus seeking to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of digital inclusion and social development in Amazonas. In order to obtain such a response, a fundamentally deductive methodology, based on a bibliographical research with authors such as Darelli (2003), Becker (2009) and Silveira (2001), will be used. It is proposed since the telecentro could be a space of political and cultural empowerment of the populations that will make use of it.KEYWORDS: telecentro; digital inclusion; citizenship; Manaus; SEMED.
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Swalehin, Dr Mohammad. "Digital Divide and Digital Inclusive Policies in India: A Sociological Study". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-1 (31 dicembre 2017): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd5901.
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Kanyi Wamuyu, Patrick. "Closing the Digital Divide in Low-Income Urban Communities: A Domestication Approach". Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning 13 (2017): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3885.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aim/Purpose: Significant urban digital divide exists in Nairobi County where low income households lack digital literacy skills and do not have access to the internet. The study was undertaken as an intervention, designed to close the digital divide among low income households in Nairobi by introducing internet access using the domestication framework. Background: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have the potential to help reduce social inequality and have been hailed as critical to the achievement of the Sustainable Development goals (SDGs). Skills in use of ICTs have also become a prerequisite for almost all forms of employment and in accessing government services, hence, the need for digital inclusion for all. Methodology: In this research study, I employed a mixed methods approach to investigate the problem. This was achieved through a preliminary survey to collect data on the existence of urban digital divide in Nairobi and a contextual analysis of the internet domestication process among the eighteen selected case studies. Contribution: While there have been many studies on digital divide between Africa and the rest of the world, within the African continent, among genders and between rural and urban areas at national levels, there are few studies exploring urban digital divide and especially among the marginalized communities living in the low-income urban areas. Findings: Successful domestication of internet and related technologies was achieved among the selected households, and the households appreciated the benefits of having and using the internet for the first time. A number of factors that impede use of internet among the marginalized communities in Nairobi were also identified. Recommendations for Practitioners: In the study, I found that use of differentiated costs internet services targeting specific demographic groups is possible and that use of such a service could help the marginalized urban communities’ access the internet. Therefore, ISPs should offer special internet access packages for the low-income households. Recommendation for Researchers: In this research study, I found that the urban digital divide in Nairobi is an indication of social economic development problems. Therefore, researchers should carryout studies involving multipronged strategies to address the growing digital divide among the marginalized urban communities. Impact on Society: The absence of an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) inclusion policy is a huge setback to the achievement of the SDGs in Kenya. Digital inclusion policies prioritizing digital literacy training, universal internet access and to elucidate the social-economic benefits of internet access for all Kenyans should be developed. Future Research: Future studies should explore ways of providing affordable mass internet access solutions among the residents of low-income communities and in eliminating the persistence urban digital divide in Kenya.
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Mitchell, Andrew D., e Neha Mishra. "Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows in a Data-Driven World: How WTO Law Can Contribute". Journal of International Economic Law 22, n. 3 (28 giugno 2019): 389–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract While the free cross-border movement of data is essential to many aspects of international trade, several countries have imposed restrictions on these data flows. The pre-internet rules of the World Trade Organization (`WTO') discipline some of these restrictions, but they are insufficient. Unfortunately, so are the electronic commerce chapters in modern preferential trade agreements. This article argues that reformed WTO rules, which take account of the policy challenges of the data-driven economy, are required. These reforms would facilitate internet openness while ensuring consumer and business trust, promoting digital inclusion of developing countries, and incorporating clear exceptions for legitimate domestic policies.
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Senne, Fabio Jose Novaes de. "Mapping the origin of digital inequalities: an empirical study about the city of São Paulo". Law, State and Telecommunications Review 11, n. 1 (20 maggio 2019): 303–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v11i1.24860.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – Approaches that attribute inequalities in access and use of the Internet to structural economic factors and contemplate the reproduction of individual off-line characteristics in the digital environment are predominant in the specialized literature. Recently, however, the focus has been shifting to the differences in patterns of digital inclusion according to characteristics of particular communities or territories.
Methodology/approach/design – The empirical study investigates to what extent the territory matters to explain the variability of Internet use and the existence of ICT skills. Based on a sample survey conducted in 2016, the study analyses data collected on the city of São Paulo/Brazil.
Findings – The results indicate that, in addition to socioeconomic conditions, territorial aspects are important for understanding digital inequalities. Nonetheless, it suggests that the level of territorial disaggregation must be taken into consideration when measuring the use of the Internet and ICT skills.
Practical implications – The study highlights the need for deeper theoretical and methodological considerations of social, institutional and regulatory factors that affect the scenario of online inequalities, including place-based effects of urban policies.
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Esteban-Navarro, Miguel-Ángel, Miguel-Ángel García-Madurga, Tamara Morte-Nadal e Antonia-Isabel Nogales-Bocio. "The Rural Digital Divide in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe—Recommendations from a Scoping Review". Informatics 7, n. 4 (5 dicembre 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics7040054.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the digital vulnerability of many citizens of the rural world. This article identifies and analyzes the proposals made by academic literature to overcome the digital divide in the European rural world for the five-year period 2016–2020. A scoping review has been carried out according to the PRISMA methodology in the two dimensions of the digital divide: access and connectivity, and use and exploitation. Online databases were used to identify scientific articles from which, after screening, 28 key documents were selected. The results update Salemink systematic review of articles published between 1991 and 2014 on digital and rural development in Western countries and it also intends to go beyond by extracting recommendations. A variety of political, social, educational, technical and economic issues has been exposed, with a common emphasis on the empowerment of rural populations. The findings provide actionable evidence and proposals to facilitate decision-making in current policy information to overcome rural digital divide. From them, seven recommendations that could have a wide and rapid impact to minimize the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic linked to the rural digital divide are synthesized. Three lines of action in the medium term are also proposed: the evaluation of national and regional public policies; the consideration of digital inclusion as a potential instrument to reduce rural depopulation; and the training in advanced digital skills to improve the social communication processes, considered key to promote empowerment and entrepreneurship.
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Pitaud, Philippe. "Personnes âgées, technologies numériques et rupture du lien social: risques de l’exclusion ou leurres de l’inclusion?" Ciências e Políticas Públicas / Public Sciences & Policies 6, n. 2 (dicembre 2020): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33167/2184-0644.cpp2020.vvin2/pp.59-77.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When you are old in France in 2019, you do not have to be living on the street to be excluded or even feel excluded from a society that is increasingly turning its back on some of its members, because of the digital revolution imposed on citizens. In fact, faced with the excessive digitization advocated by governing bodies and other technocrats, which is rising speedily like a Tsunami, the elderly, often single women and/or widows belonging to underprivileged categories of society, generally with little or no education, and even less awareness in terms of management of minimal IT practices, are already or will soon find themselves on the sidelines of this type of modernization, which has nothing inclusive about it. A few local actors in the social and medico-social field and rights activists are already sounding the alarm and raising the voices of anguish in defense of these elderly people who no longer know how to cope with the dehumanization of public services: “I am 78 years old, I have a very small pension, no computer and anyway, I do not know how to do anything. So, it is annoying now because I have to get help and I do not know people who can help me. I am going to have to go there. It is a long way from home, I have to wait a long time and I am tired. And then you must be sure that there will be someone there!”. Aware of this dynamic of exclusion that is currently taking place and because we have been collecting the signs of this disarray for months, aggravated by isolation and loneliness, our action-research approach aims in the long run to implement counter-actions that aim to offset the harmful effects induced by the digital transition on the social life of the elderly, while seeking to free them from the negative confinement into which their inability to manage this transition by themselves has insidiously led them. It is these changes in the aspects of the most fragile of human existences that are at the heart of our approach as researchers-practitioners, as well as of our actions; acting like a mild buffer against the inhumanity of the system that is inexorably set up when a robot signals to you: “You have exceeded the deadline [note that this word contains the word ‘dead’] for the submission of your file on the lambda portal and therefore the administration can no longer do anything for you.”. There is no doubt that this is an immediate field of action for public policies, particularly in the fight against the digital exclusion of older citizens. For the time being, as always, in France, associations and humanitarian actors compensate for this absence of public authority with their limited means, but such a situation cannot last without in the long term seriously affecting societal balance and the moral principles of social justice, such as access to rights for all.
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Alfonsin, Betânia De Moraes, e Bárbara Guerra Chala. "O direito à cidade como fundamento normativo de garantia da inclusão digital no espaço urbano brasileiro / The right to the city as a guaranteeing normative ground of digital inclusion in the brazilian urban space". Revista de Direito da Cidade 12, n. 4 (10 dicembre 2020): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2020.53220.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ResumoO presente estudo tem por escopo demonstrar a importância da imediata adoção de medidas de política urbana visando à universalização do acesso à internet e à inclusão digital, como forma de garantir o direito transindividual e transgeracional à cidade, notadamente após a pandemia do novo coronavírus, que acentuou e colocou em voga o fosso de desigualdade social entre os indivíduos que possuem e os que não possuem acesso à rede mundial de computadores em seu domicílio dentro de espaços geográficos que deveriam ofertar as mesmas condições aos seus habitantes. A esse efeito, é salientada inicialmente a importância da internet no contexto da atual sociedade de informação, assim como é demonstrada a desigualdade digital que assola o espaço urbano brasileiro. Após, o direito à cidade é apresentado como fundamento normativo de garantia da inclusão digital nas cidades brasileiras e é evidenciada a imprescindibilidade da adoção de medidas pelo poder público com o objetivo de promover a inclusão digital.Com essa finalidade, adotou-se a metodologia dedutiva e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Desse modo, concluiu-se que o acesso à internet constitui peça chave do desenvolvimento humano na era digital, sendo urgente a adoção de políticas públicas de democratização do acesso à internet, ao efeito de nivelar as oportunidades e possibilitar a equalização das desigualdades sociais.Palavras-chave: Desigualdade; Exclusão Digital; Direito à cidade; COVID-19; Internet. AbstractThe present study aims to demonstrate the importance of the immediate adoption of urban policy measures aiming at universal access to the internet and digital inclusion, as a way to guarantee the transindividual and transgenerational right to the city, notably after the pandemic of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) that accentuated and put the gap in social inequality between individuals who own and those who don’t have access to the internet at home within geographic spaces that should offer the same conditions to their inhabitants. To this effect, the importance of the internet in the current information society is highlighted, as well as the digital inequality that plagues the Brazilian urban space is demonstrated. Afterwards, the right to the city is presented as a normative basis for guaranteeing digital inclusion in Brazilian cities and the necessity of adopting measures by the government in order to promote digital inclusion is evidenced. For this purpose, the deductive methodology and the bibliographic research technique were adopted. It was concluded that access to the internet is a key part of human development in the digital age, and it is urgent to adopt public policies to democratize internet access, with the effect of leveling opportunities and enabling equalization of social inequalities.Keywords: Inequality; Digital Exclusion; Right to the city; COVID-19; Internet.
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Novaro Hueyo, María Victoria, María Trinidad de Apellaniz, Mariana Borga e Claudia María Salazar Vera. "Argentina y Perú: respuesta educativa a la revolución 4.0.”". VI Congreso Internacional de las Relaciones Interpersonales "Desarrollo humano en tiempos de la (re)evolución 4.0" 1, n. 1 (25 ottobre 2019): 227–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26422/icf.20193cong06.nov.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Revolution 4.0 is causing a substantial transformation on the forms of work. In order to face the new demands of the professional world, avoid massive unemployment and reduce social inequalities, it is necessary for the States to design and implement strategic responses. Digital education is an essential tool to prepare society for the jobs of future. 228 The current working paper presents the digital literacy public policies adopted by the governments of Argentina and Peru during the period between 2016 and 2019 to develop the competences and skills required nowadays in the compulsory education levels. A qualitative methodology based on a bibliographic research and interviews with public officials responsible of these initiatives in both countries as well as experts on digital inclusion was applied. This endeavor is part of a larger research project which aims to present a comparative map of digital education in Latin America. The comparative analysis of the plan “Learning Connected” (Argentina) and “The Education we want for Peru” (Peru), regarding the Latin American region, concluded that there had been fundamental advances in their educational systems, according to demands of the 21st century. However, in comparison with other more developed regions, this one seems to be lagging behind. This report favors the approach between the academic and political spheres; it critically describes the current scenario and points out the way to travel.
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Hutchison, Kirsten, Louise Paatsch e Anne Cloonan. "Reshaping home–school connections in the digital age: Challenges for teachers and parents". E-Learning and Digital Media 17, n. 2 (28 gennaio 2020): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042753019899527.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Imperatives to connect the worlds of home and school, evident in global policies of family engagement and partnership initiatives between teachers and parents to support children’s education are viewed as key dimensions of academic success. However, developing ways to meaningfully connect and engage teachers, parents and students in learning ecologies remains elusive, contested and increasingly complex in the digital age. Teachers are encouraged to draw on their students’ digital ‘funds of knowledge’ to create innovative learning opportunities and develop capacities for creativity and critical thinking. Despite significant research into creativity pedagogies and the inclusion of parents in policy documents urging for increased innovation in schooling, which often implies the use of digital technologies, parents are largely invisible in research into creative pedagogies. The data explored in this article are drawn from a larger project which adopted a teacher-as-inquirer approach to investigate teacher, student and parent experiences and understandings of innovative teaching designed to integrate creative and critical thinking with digital literacy practices. The analysis mobilises the key features of creative and innovative learning environments identified in the research literature to explore teachers’ initiatives to develop reflexive and innovative pedagogies and foregrounds the ways in which incorporation of digital media impacted on parental engagement in their children’s learning. Findings highlight significant challenges for schools and teachers to meaningfully and sustainably connect home and school learning which positions children, teachers and parents as agentic and creative.
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Pitaud, Philippe. "The Elderly, Digital Technologies and the Breakdown of Social Ties: Risks of Exclusion or Lures of Inclusion?" Ciências e Políticas Públicas / Public Sciences & Policies 6, n. 2 (dicembre 2020): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33167/2184-0644.cpp2020.vvin2/pp.79-97.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When you are old in France in 2019, you do not have to be living on the street to be excluded or even feel excluded from a society that is increasingly turning its back on some of its members, because of the digital revolution imposed on citizens. In fact, faced with the excessive digitization advocated by governing bodies and other technocrats, which is rising speedily like a Tsunami, the elderly, often single women and/or widows belonging to underprivileged categories of society, generally with little or no education, and even less awareness in terms of management of minimal IT practices, are already or will soon find themselves on the sidelines of this type of modernization, which has nothing inclusive about it. A few local actors in the social and medico-social field and rights activists are already sounding the alarm and raising the voices of anguish in defense of these elderly people who no longer know how to cope with the dehumanization of public services: “I am 78 years old, I have a very small pension, no computer and anyway, I do not know how to do anything. So, it is annoying now because I have to get help and I do not know people who can help me. I am going to have to go there. It is a long way from home, I have to wait a long time and I am tired. And then you must be sure that there will be someone there!”. Aware of this dynamic of exclusion that is currently taking place and because we have been collecting the signs of this disarray for months, aggravated by isolation and loneliness, our action-research approach aims in the long run to implement counter-actions that aim to offset the harmful effects induced by the digital transition on the social life of the elderly, while seeking to free them from the negative confinement into which their inability to manage this transition by themselves has insidiously led them. It is these changes in the aspects of the most fragile of human existences that are at the heart of our approach as researchers-practitioners, as well as of our actions; acting like a mild buffer against the inhumanity of the system that is inexorably set up when a robot signals to you: “You have exceeded the deadline [note that this word contains the word ‘dead’] for the submission of your file on the lambda portal and therefore the administration can no longer do anything for you.”. There is no doubt that this is an immediate field of action for public policies, particularly in the fight against the digital exclusion of older citizens. For the time being, as always, in France, associations and humanitarian actors compensate for this absence of public authority with their limited means, but such a situation cannot last without in the long term seriously affecting societal balance and the moral principles of social justice, such as access to rights for all.
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Dr. Himanshu Rastogi, Dr Hitesh Keserwani,. "COVID-19 – A catalyst for ushering M-wallet growth in India". Psychology and Education Journal 58, n. 1 (25 gennaio 2021): 5492–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1863.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Digital payments in finance is equally important to invention of wheel was for transport. Digital payments in India are expected to grow over three-folds to Rs 7,092 trillion by 2025 on account of government policies around financial inclusion and growing digitisation of merchants, according to a research report. The country's digital payment market was worth around Rs 2,162 trillion in 2019-20.The current 160 million unique mobile payment users will multiply by 5 times to reach nearly 800 million by 2025. According to the report, wallets will continue to play a key role in its growth with the continuous increase in both frequency and user base. "COVID-19 seems like another demonetisation-like catalyst for the industry. Digital payment providers have been quite hands-on in terms of responding to this situation, by offering enhanced support on essentials such as offering groceries, masks, sanitisers, COVID-19 insurance, offering integration with donations to PM fund and other essential product and services. The present study is an attempt to highlight the scope of growth of M- Wallets in the current economic scenario of India along with comparing the basic competitive features of M Wallet players specifically focusing on ease of operation and cost incurred for the consumers. It is felt that there is a need for technological advancement by the m-wallet companies which would ultimately result in reduction in transaction cost and expansion in user base and hence revenue.
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Phillippi-Miranda, Alejandra, e Claudio Avendaño-Ruz. "Communicative Empowerment: Narrative Skills of the Subjects". Comunicar 18, n. 36 (1 marzo 2011): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c36-2011-02-06.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper analyzes the educommunicational consequences of the transformations of mediated communication in the process of digitization. We present qualitative empirical evidence on the use of mass media and digital technologies from the digital convergence of media, the industry and the resulting complementary formats. Television, in particular, has experienced a process of changing its formats and expressive content by delivering interactivity, facilitating the expression of subjects by means of different technological devices. So from the perspective of the subject, it is observed that the new technological devices and their new grammars are utilized provided they contribute with meaning to his daily practice and biographical trajectory. Nevertheless, digital inclusion policies have focused only on maximizing access to equipment and digital literacy associated to technology applications and not to the narrative skills of the subjects. It is therefore necessary to generate new concepts that allow new methodological guidelines, in communication and education academic processes, to promote the use of new emerging digital spaces for communicational empowered citizens, that is, from competent to tell (expressive skills) to more specifically, tell oneself (as an individual) and tell us (collectively). Finally, these will be the expressive spaces of the new television with citizen´s expressions, fostered by converging elements of digital technology.El presente trabajo analiza las consecuencias educomunicativas de las transformaciones en la comunicación mediada por el proceso de digitalización. Se presenta una constatación empírica de carácter cualitativo en el uso de los medios masivos y las tecnologías digitales desde la convergencia digital de los soportes, la industria y la consecuente complementariedad de los formatos. En este sentido la televisión ha vivido un proceso de cambios de sus continentes y contenidos expresivos, entre otros aspectos al entregar interactividad, facilita la expresión de los sujetos, desde los distintos dispositivos tecnológicos. Así a nivel de los sujetos se observa que los nuevos dispositivos tecnológicos y sus nuevas gramáticas son usados en la medida que asumen un sentido en sus prácticas cotidianas y trayectorias biográficas. No obstante, las políticas de inclusión digital solo se han centrado en la maximización del acceso a equipamiento y en una alfabetización digital asociada a aplicaciones y no a las competencias narrativas de los sujetos. Por tanto, es necesario generar nuevas conceptualizaciones que permitan nuevas orientaciones metodológicas formativas en comunicación y educación que promuevan el uso de los nuevos espacios digitales emergentes como ciudadanos empoderados comunicacionalmente, es decir, competentes para relatar (habilidades expresivas) más específicamente relatarse (como individuo) y relatarnos (colectivamente). Finalmente, estos serán los espacios expresivos de la nueva televisión con sus expresiones ciudadanas, propiciados por los elementos convergentes de la tecnología digital.
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Duarte, Rosalia, Sibele Cazelli, Rita Peixoto Migliora e Carlos Alberto Coimbra. "Computer skills and digital media uses among young students in Rio de Janeiro". education policy analysis archives 21 (23 giugno 2013): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v21n53.2013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main purpose of this paper is provide information relevant for the formulation of new policies for the integration of technology in education from the discussion of research results that analyse computer skills and digital media uses among students (between 12 to 18 years old) from schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The schools surveyed were selected by a stratified random sample. The questionnaire allowed for statistical measurement of theoretical constructs employing non parametrical item response theory. The schools showed a homogeneous pattern with regard to the frequency of use and the ability of students to perform tasks on the computer. Most students use the computer and the Internet at home. The use of computers in schools is minimal and does not influence the students' ability. Even so, the use of a computer at school positively affects the frequency of use and suggests that schools can play a role in promoting digital inclusion. The availability of media resources at home, how long students have been using a computer and cultural practices during the students’ free time had notable positive correlations with the student’s abilities. The results suggest that the relation between age and abilities in the use of computer and internet was not significant, except in reference to school delays which were related to age and to students’ grades, i.e., the more delayed a student is, the less able he/she will be.
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Piñeiro-Otero, Teresa, e Fábio Ribeiro. "Radio mobility in the digital era: interactivity, participation and content share possibilities in Iberian broadcasters". Comunicação e Sociedade 28 (28 dicembre 2015): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.28(2015).2282.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the context of the scientific research into radio, recent years have encouraged many theories about the meaning of a post-radio (Oliveira & Portela, 2011), thus enlisting several parameters regarding the inclusion of contemporary radio in the digital and online environments. This digital migration has led to the development of mobile applications for radio, broadening the communicative potential of audiences (Aguado, Feijoo & Martínez, 2013), as well as promoting convergence of interactive content among listeners-users. Aware of this opportunity, the main broadcasters in Spain and Portugal have broadened their radiophonic scope to the mobile platform, especially geared towards smartphones through the development of mobile applications, commonly known as apps (Cerezo, 2010). As a symbol of a culture in permanent changing, smartphones not only provide greater easiness in terms of access and interaction, but also afford larger opportunities for disseminating content among audiences, a phenomenon that some studies have labelled as user distributed content (Villi, 2012). This article presents an exploratory analysis of the current policies of the main Spanish and Portuguese radio broadcasters regarding mobile applications, evaluating the different levels of interaction and participation in these platforms. This observation led to the conclusion, among other findings, that the mobile platform represents a supplementary channel for traditional FM radio, rather than a new medium with its own language and expression.
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Rojas-Rojas, Luz Myrian, Néstor Arboleda-Toro e Leidy Johanna Pinzón-Jaime. "Caracterización de población con discapacidad visual, auditiva, de habla y motora para su vinculación a programas de pregrado a distancia de una universidad de Colombia". Revista Electrónica Educare 22, n. 1 (26 ottobre 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.22-1.6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article presents the results of an unpublished research project whose objective was to characterize a population with visual, hearing, speech and motor disabilities. The research quantified potential users of the programs offered by the Faculty of Distance Education (FESAD) at the Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia (UPTC). It had an exploratory-descriptive methodological design with random sampling. Surveys were applied to young high school students and adult bachelors by using Braille system and a digital sign language translator. For data analysis, a quantitative statistical method was implemented. The results showed that, from young bachelors, 53% were women, 51% adults were men; 57% of young people were between 18 and 21 years old, 47% of adults were between 22 and 30 years old, and 65% of adult bachelors did not work. From the preferred university careers to study, a 28% of young people preferred engineering; 21%, economic and administrative sciences; 15%, arts; and 13%, education sciences. 27% of adult bachelors preferred engineering; 18%, economic and administrative sciences; and 15%, education sciences. 85% of youth and 71% of adult bachelors were deaf. It is concluded that there is a vulnerable population with disabilities and with an obvious lack of opportunities to access higher education. FESAD has trained teachers in designing an integrated and inclusive curriculum for the development of labor skills. FESAD also has technical and technological resources to take care of this population. It is recommended to boost higher education policies for social inclusion in Colombia, and conduct new studies on causes and effects to design and implement programs that apply these policies.