Tesi: "Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)"

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Clark, Jonathan. "Understanding scalability in distributed ledger technology". Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32578.

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Distributed ledger technology (DLT) stands to benefit industries such as financial services with transparency and censorship resistance. DLT systems need to be scalable to handle mass user adoption. Mass user adoption is required to demonstrate the true value of DLT. This dissertation first analyses scalability in ethereum and EOS. Currently, ethereum 1.0 uses proof of work (PoW) and handles only 14 transactions per second (tps) compared to Visa's peak 47 000 tps. Ethereum 2.0, known as Serenity, introduces sharding, proof of stake (Casper), plasma and state channels in and effort to scale the system. EOS uses a delegated proof of stake (DPoS) protocol, where 21 super-nodes, termed ‘block producers' (BPs), facilitate consensus, bringing about significant scalability improvements (4000 tps). The trade-off is decentralisation. EOS is not sufficiently decentralised because the BPs yield significant power, but are not diverse. This dissertation conducts an empirical analysis using unsupervised machine learning to show that there is a high probability collusion is occurring between certain BPs. It then suggests possible protocol alterations such as inverse vote weighting that could curb adverse voting behaviour in DPoS. It further analyses whether universities are suitable BP's before mapping out required steps for universities to become block producers (leading to improved decentralisation in EOS)

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STEINER, BENEDIKT, e VINCENT NEIDLINGER. "Impact of the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) IOTA on Smart Cities". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301276.

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This article analyses the impact of the IOTA distributed ledger technology (DLT) on smart cities. The world population is rapidly increasing while at the same time trends such as urbanization shape future demographics. Thus, fast-growing cities face the challenge of increasing demands in resources such as energy, water, transportation, while at the same time aiming to increase life quality by reducing burdens such as pollution and waste. The concept of a “Smart City” emerged with the ambition to solve a city’s issues by creating social and economic advantages while providing efficient resource allocation processes. Nevertheless, current information communication technologies tend to underperform a smartcities systems requirement since the quantity of connected devices increases which slows down the transition of a city becoming smart. The distributed ledger technology IOTA promises to enable automated, feeless transactions and processes with a high level of integrity, which may impact the development of smart cities. In this research the IOTA technology is introduced and investigated. The advantages of IOTA compared to conventional information communication technologies and the blockchain technology are highlighted. Thereafter, the current state of IOTA in smart cities is reviewed by analysing current research and use cases. To investigate the concept of a smart city the smart city initiative framework, including its subcategories is introduced. Additionally, different experts working on IOTA integrations related to smart city initiatives were interviewed giving insights into their field ofexpertise. Finally, an analysis and discussion of the IOTA technology use cases are put into relation with the multi-level perspective framework (Geels, 2006) highlighting the positive impact of IOTA on the development of smart cities.
I den här artikeln analyseras effekterna av IOTA:s teknik för distribuerade huvudböcker (DLT) på smarta städer. Världens befolkning ökar snabbt samtidigt som trender som urbanisering formar framtidens demografi. Snabbt växande städer står därför inför utmaningen att öka kraven på resurser som energi, vatten och transporter, samtidigt som de strävar efter att öka livskvaliteten genom att minska belastningar som föroreningar och avfall. Begreppet smart stad uppstod med ambitionen att lösa stadensproblem genom att skapa sociala och ekonomiska fördelar och samtidigt tillhandahålla effektiva processer för resursfördelning. Den nuvarande informations- och kommunikationstekniken tenderar dock att inte uppfylla kraven på system för smarta städer, eftersom mängden anslutna enheter ökar, vilket gör att övergången till en smart stad blir långsammare. Den distribuerade huvudbokstekniken IOTA lovar att möjliggöra automatiserade, felfria transaktioner och processer med en hög grad av integritet, vilket kan påverka utvecklingen av smarta städer. I den här forskningen introduceras och undersöks IOTA-tekniken. Fördelarna med IOTA jämfört med konventionell informationskommunikationsteknik och blockkedjetekniken lyfts fram. Därefter granskas det nuvarande läget för IOTA i smarta städer genom att analysera aktuell forskning och användningsfall. För att undersöka begreppet smart stad introduceras ramverket för initiativet för smarta städer, inklusive dess underkategorier. Dessutom intervjuades olika experter som arbetar med IOTA-integrationer isamband med initiativ för smarta städer för att ge en inblick i deras expertisområde. Slutligen analyseras och diskuteras IOTA-teknikens användningsområden i förhållande till ramverket för flernivåperspektivet (Geels, 2006), där IOTA:s positiva inverkan på utvecklingen av smarta städer lyfts fram.

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Ruiz, Gerard. "Distributed Data Management in Internet of Things Networking Environments : IOTA Tangle and Bitcoin Blockchain Distributed Ledger Technologies". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77359.

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Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is one of the latest in a long list of digital technologies, which appear to be heading towards a new industrial revolution. DLT has become very popular with the publication of the Bitcoin Blockchain in 2008. However, when we consider its suitability for dynamic networking environments, such as the Internet of Things, issues like transaction fees, scalability, and offline accessibility have not been resolved. The IOTA Foundation has designed the IOTA protocol, which is the data and value transfer layer for the Machine Economy. IOTA protocol uses an alternative blockless Blockchain which claims to solve the previous problems: the Tangle. This thesis first inquires into the theoretical concepts of both technologies Tangleand Blockchain, to understand them and identify the reasons to be compatible or not with the Internet of Things networking environments. After the analysis, the thesis focuses on the proposed implementation as a solution to address the connectivity issue suffered by the IOTA network. The answer to the problem is the development of a Neighbor Discovery algorithm, which has been designed to fulfill the requirements demanded by the IOTA application. Dealing with IOTA network setup can be very interesting for the community that is looking for new improvements at each release. Testing the solution in a peer-to-peer specific protocol (PeerSim), with different networking scenarios, allowed us to get valuable and more realistic information. Thus, after analyzing the results, we were able to determine the appropriate IOTA network configuration to build a more reliable and long-lasting network.

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Blidholm, Gustaf, e Mathias Johnson. "The adoption of distributed ledger technology in trade and export finance operations of Swedish banks". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-241120.

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Centralized data storage and reconciliation by trusted intermediaries has historically put financial systems in the hands of a single central parties. The emergence of bitcoin and blockchain, combined with the 2008 financial crisis, has shifted the Swedish financial sector’s traditional perspectives on democratization, centralization, transparency and automation. Trade and export finance is one of many sectors investigating how blockchain and distributed ledger technology can be used other than as a digital currency system. Swedish trade and export finance connects importers, exporters, banks, credit providers, customs, and transporters into a fragmented and complex process with many stakeholders. Sweden further has a history of quickly adopting technological innovations. Banks therefore face a dynamic environment and an inconsistent, manual operative process that removes profitability incentives in providing small enterprises with credit. The adoption of DLT could provide efficiency gains and cost savings in administration, communication, reconciliation and accounting. In this thesis, the costs, benefits, and remaining barriers of implementing distributed ledger technology in Swedish trade finance are identified. Further, Swedish contextual factors’ effect on the rate of adoption is addressed. The chosen methodology of deep interviews and thorough studying of literature provides an assessment of the potential transition dynamics, forming a foundation for future investment decisions. The conclusions drawn suggest that the main costs related to adoption lie in research and development and implementation. R&D costs for distributed ledgers in the Swedish financial sector during 2019 were approximated to USD 40 million. The main benefits of automation, efficiency and reduced level of complexity were concluded to likely outweigh the costs within approximately ten to twenty years. Experience will allow companies to optimize governance structures and consensus mechanisms, while learning to expose parts of networks into public space. The innovative, adaptive Swedish market environment presumably enables faster than average diffusion of innovation, while remaining barriers in cooperation, trust, interoperability and regulation may extend the adoption process

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5

Mongardi, Michele. "Progettazione di un sistema DLT per l'interoperabilità e lo scambio di dati sanitari utilizzando le tecnologie IOTA e IPFS". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20605/.

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Le Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) sono un nuovo tipo di tecnologia in cui i dati vengono salvati all'interno di un registro distribuito, gestito da nodi in una rete peer-to-peer tramite un protocollo basato sul consenso. Queste offrono un grande potenziale per rendere immutabile e sicuro lo scambio di informazioni di carattere sanitario. Lo scopo di questa tesi è di esplorare il potenziale di una specifica DLT, impiegata congiuntamente alla tecnologia IPFS, nel supportare la trasmissione di dati sanitari, sviluppando un programma per lo scambio automatizzato, inalterabile e protetto delle informazioni sulla salute dei pazienti. L'obiettivo perseguito è quello di ottenere una profilazione accurata dei pazienti raccogliendo periodicamente informazioni sullo stato di salute degli individui, in modo da poter fornire successivamente assistenza sanitaria di alta qualità grazie allo scambio efficace ed efficiente dei dati raccolti.

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Spiga, Beatrice. "Creazione di un sistema per la gestione di dati medicali con utilizzo di tecnologia blockchain". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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L’obiettivo di questa tesi e l’analisi, la progettazione e lo sviluppo di una web application riguardante il software gestionale delle visite mediche effettuate nei laboratori di un’azienda specializzata in genomica e medicina rigenerativa. Inoltre, nella tesi sono state introdotte le possibili applicazioni pratiche delle DLT (Distributed Ledger Technologies) applicate ai dati medicali provenienti dalla suddetta applicazione web, la quale è stata sviluppata durante l'esperienza di tirocinio curricolare. E' stato quindi descritto il valore che potrebbe avere l’utilizzo della blockchain nel settore sanitario. In particolare è stato discusso l’utilizzo del protocollo Masked Authenticated Messaging (MAM) per poter autenticare, crittografare e trasmettere attivamente i dati medicali su una rete IOTA dopo il loro prelevamento dall'applicazione web.

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Shi, Ye, e Shucheng Zhou. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: Towards a Chinese Approach : Design Choices of Digital Currency Electronic Payment". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48662.

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Inspired by the digital revolution to the financial industry, the discussion around central bank digital currency also attract attention from academics and central banks. The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) is also researching on China’s CBDC: digital currency electronic payment (DCEP) and announced that DCEP would be issued as soon as possible. However, the PBOC does not systematically disclose the information of DCEP. The characteristics and mechanism design are still obscured and need to be explored deeply. This thesis analysed the classification and mechanism design choices of DCEP from the perspective of two different demands: general demand and central bank demand. Based on pragmatism philosophy, we use a mixed-methods approach that is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Through the interview and surveys, we identified the demands from the PBOC and the general public in China and the characteristics of DCEP from official claims. Then generate the design choices via the money flower and the pyramid of CBDC models and compare the result with the demand. The analysis shows that the DCEP belongs to type B general-purpose CB digital tokens, and it would adopt a complex multi-layer hybrid architecture design, with the support from both DLT and conventional way. In conclusion, the current mechanism design choices can meet the demands from each side to a certain extent and reached a delicate balance under the trade-off between privacy and security issues. This thesis provides an insightful view on the classification and design choices of DCEP, fulfils the lack of systematic research relating to the demand and design choices of DCEP, and reveals the public’s insufficient knowledge in DCEP.

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BUTTAFOCO, Oona Arlene. "Emerging Solutions for the Improvement of Food Traceability in the EU: Examining the Use of Blockchain Technology for Tracing Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO)". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392161.

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The issue of food traceability is one that affects a great number of sectors and policy areas. Within the EU, there is increasing demand from consumers, businesses and institutions to have more direct access to information about how food is produced, transformed, and distributed. Currently, however, practices in the industry are very much open to human error. Databases are highly vulnerable to inaccuracies and hacking, as well as deliberate faults caused by corruption or fraudulent conduct. With food traceability being so closely related to trade and public health issues, there is arguably increasing incentive for the EU to seek alternative tools to increase transparency and accountability throughout supply chains. Consequently, this paper will examine a possible alternative to current practices by evaluating the applicability of 'blockchain' technology, namely a system of digitised, decentralised ledgers, which could allow key stakeholders to access information about the provenance of food immediately, comprehensively and securely. The analysis will focus specifically on Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), one of the most adulterated products in the food industry, identifying gaps and opportunities in current traceability systems. The research question tackled in this paper, therefore, may be formulated as follows: how and to what extent could blockchain technology constitute a sustainable solution for improving the traceability of EVOO within the EU? The paper begins with a brief overview of the issue and an explanation of the research methodology used, followed by an elaboration of key terms and concepts and a detailed explanation of the principles underlying blockchain technology. Subsequently, the key challenges and opportunities associated with blockchain-based traceability systems are examined through a case study, followed by an analysis aimed at assessing the sustainability of blockchain solutions for the EVOO sector. The conclusion, lastly, provides an overview of relevant findings and proposes a final assessment.

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Andersson, Marcus, e Patric Sigvardson. "Embracing Blockchain : The Challenges of Collaborative Innovation Within the Financial Industry". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356479.

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Creating standardized infrastructures for new technologies has become a frequent event in recent years, forcing competing firms to together collaborate in order to develop and mutually agree on a common standard. This is due to technologies such as blockchain (distributed ledger) technology that need interoperability to reach its full potential, making the collaboration aspect crucial for organizations that want to adapt to the technology. Therefore, this study’s purpose is to identify and analyze the challenges of creating such a standardized infrastructure. A case study was used to analyze these challenges, which involved experts of blockchain technology and three Nordic banks connected to the blockchain consortium R3. First, a pre-study took place with the help of blockchain experts, who helped identify potential problems regarding blockchain (distributed ledger) technology. Secondly, a main study was conducted consisting of four interviews with key persons representing the banks, in addition to collecting secondary data via news articles, and press releases. With the help of co-opetition theory and a technical description of blockchain (distributed ledger) technology, an analytical model was developed to support the analysis of the data collection. The analysis focus on aspects of co-opetition drivers, co-opetition capabilities, co-opetition dynamics and blockchain aspects, which were used to showcase the challenges of collaborating on creating a standardized infrastructure. The result of this study highlights the importance of learning and educational aspects, the size of a cooperation and threats from other competing solutions, which generates challenges. In addition to the identified challenges, this study has also contributed to an understanding of how these aspects can come to affect a collaboration.

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Cerneckis, Gvidas. "Blockkedjeteknologin på finansiella marknader : Kan blockkedjeteknologin effektivisera handeln med finansiella instrument?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-147053.

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Handeln med finansiella instrument har effektiviserats avsevärt under de senaste decennierna tack vare den tekniska utvecklingen och internationaliseringen. Pappersbaserade värdepapper har ersatts av digitala finansiella instrument och investerare kan numera på ett enkelt sätt skapa värdepappersportföljer innehållande komplexa värdepapper från hela världen. En välfungerande och effektiv handel med finansiella instrument förutsätter att förtroendet existerar mellan aktörer på finansiella marknader. Idag säkerställs förtroendet inom finansiella marknader av ett antal olika finansiella intermediärer, vilka ansvarar för olika funktioner såsom clearing, avveckling och kontoföring. Transaktionskedjan avseende finansiella instrument består därmed av flera nivåer och varje enskild transaktion måste genomgå samtliga nivåer. Den finansiella handeln har ökat betydligt i omfattningen och ett betydande antal transaktioner är numera gränsöverskridande. Detta har resulterat i ett tämligen komplext, sammanlänkat och sårbart system, vilket bland annat har synliggjorts under den senaste finanskrisen år 2008. Blockkedjeteknologi, vilken är en typ av Distributed Ledger Technology, kan något förenklat ses som en databas eller ett transaktionsregister. Till skillnad från traditionella transaktionsregister, vilka i regel är centraliserade och förvaltas av olika intermediärer, bygger den nya teknologin på ett decentraliserat nätverk av aktörer utan att någon tredje part är ansvarig för verifiering av transaktioner. Blockkedjeteknologin introducerar därmed ett nytt sätt att genomföra transaktioner med digitala tillgångar, genom att förtroendet säkerställs med hjälp av kryptografiska lösningar och ett decentraliserat nätverk. Blockkedjeteknologin anses av många ha en betydande potential att effektivisera transaktionskedjan avseende finansiella instrument genom att exempelvis automatisera förandet av transaktionsregister samt integrera de olika nivåerna inom transaktionskedjan. Tekniken är dock fortfarande i en utvecklingsfas och många olika utmaningar återstår innan tekniken kan komma till användning. I Sverige präglas transaktionskedjan avseende finansiella instrument dessutom av strikta regleringar, varför frågan uppstår om huruvida lösningar baserade på blockkedjetekniken är förenliga med dagens rättsliga ramar. I denna uppsats diskuteras huruvida och på vilket sätt blockkedjeteknologin skulle kunna effektivisera vissa funktioner inom transaktionskedjan avseende finansiella instrument samt vilka rättsliga frågeställningar som uppstår i samband med tillämpning av den nya tekniken utifrån dagens rättsläge i Sverige.

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Silva, Carlos Eduardo de Abrantes Vaz e. Távora Vasconcelos da. "Da fraude marítima - são as distributed ledger technologies (blockchain) uma solução?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18463.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
Estima-se que a fraude marítima - fraude cometida envolvendo navios e ou carga transportada por via marítima - cause actualmente perdas e prejuízos que podem ascender anualmente a vários biliões de dólares americanos. O transporte marítimo de mercadorias é uma actividade abrangentemente regulada por via do direito marítimo, pelo que, a compreensão da natureza jurídica do navio ou o estudo do alcance que determinados documentos comportam, como o conhecimento de embarque (Bill of Lading), são aspectos necessários ao entendimento das particularidades da fraude marítima. A par da complexidade legal e documental intrínsecas às actividades de transporte marítimo de mercadorias, aspectos como o seu carácter internacional e o elevado número de agentes que intervêm no sector, são vistos como factores críticos à ocorrência de fraudes na esfera do transporte marítimo. Com base neste enquadramento, a investigação conclui que a tecnologia Blockchain, enquanto uma DLT - Distributed Ledger Technology, especialmente por via da resolução da problemática do double spending sem recurso a uma entidade centralizadora, e uma vez ultrapassados os desafios de adopção generalizada da tecnologia, pode vir a mitigar ou mesmo resolver grande parte da problemática da fraude marítima tal qual se conhece, especialmente a de carácter documental.
It is estimated that maritime fraud - fraud involving ships and / or cargo transported by sea - is currently causing losses up to several billion US dollars annually. Maritime freight is an activity that is broadly regulated through maritime law, so understanding the legal nature of the ship or examining the scope of certain documents, such as the Bill of Lading, is necessary to comprehend the maritime fraud. In addition to the legal and documentary complexity inherent in maritime freight transport activities, aspects such as its international character and the large number of agents involved in the sector are seen as critical factors for the occurrence of maritime fraud. Based on this framework, the research concluded that Blockchain technology, while DLT - Distributed Ledger Technology, especially by solving the problem of double spending without recourse to a centralization entity, and once overcome the challenges of general adoption of the technology, can mitigate or even solve much of the problems of maritime fraud as it is known, especially those involving documents.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Jonéus, Carl. "Analysis of Scalable Blockchain Technology in the Capital Market". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datalogi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326151.

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Financial interactions on the capital market involve a wide variety of actors and processes. The requirement of security and privacy results to a large extent in non-shared and unintegrated databases among the different parties, leading to complex, time consuming and costly procedures. The last decade's introduction of innovative blockchain technologies such as Bitcoin, has brought attention to the possibilities of decentralized peer-to-peer networking in general, and its potential influence in the financial sector in particular. This master thesis investigates the possibilities for the capital market to adapt such a system from a technical point of view, with main focus on scalability. The analysis covers crucial aspects such as a peer-to-peer application's ability to handle large transaction volumes while maintaining security. The degree project also includes continued work on Visigon's blockchain application prototype with main focus on the network communication, as well as simulations of its performance capability. Results from the simulations showed that the transaction throughput capacity is limited to the time of broadcasting the transaction to the network, and thus decreasing linearly with increasing network size. The required time for handling other parts in the process appears constant and takes up a small fraction of the total time, therefore future work lays in further optimization of the communication protocol.

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Weilbach, William Thomas. "Practical application of distributed ledger technology in support of digital evidence integrity verification processes". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61872.

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After its birth in cryptocurrencies, distributed ledger (blockchain) technology rapidly grew in popularity in other technology domains. Alternative applications of this technology range from digitizing the bank guarantees process for commercial property leases (Anz and IBM, 2017) to tracking the provenance of high-value physical goods (Everledger Ltd., 2017). As a whole, distributed ledger technology has acted as a catalyst to the rise of many innovative alternative solutions to existing problems, mostly associated with trust and integrity. In this research, a niche application of this technology is proposed for use in digital forensics by providing a mechanism for the transparent and irrefutable verification of digital evidence, ensuring its integrity as established blockchains serve as an ideal mechanism to store and validate arbitrary data against. Evaluation and identification of candidate technologies in this domain is based on a set of requirements derived from previous work in this field (Weilbach, 2014). OpenTimestamps (Todd, 2016b) is chosen as the foundation of further work for its robust architecture, transparent nature and multi-platform support. A robust evaluation and discussion of OpenTimestamps is performed to reinforce why it can be trusted as an implementation and protocol. An implementation of OpenTimestamps is designed for the popular open source forensic tool, Autopsy, and an Autopsy module is subsequently developed and released to the public. OpenTimestamps is tested at scale and found to have insignificant error rates for the verification of timestamps. Through practical implementation and extensive testing, it is shown that OpenTimestamps has the potential to significantly advance the practice of digital evidence integrity verification. A conclusion is reached by discussing some of the limitations of OpenTimestamps in terms of accuracy and error rates. It is shown that although OpenTimestamps has very specific timing claims in the attestation, with a near zero error rate, the actual attestation is truly accurate to within a day. This is followed by proposing potential avenues for future work.

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Piccolo, Alessandro. "Distributed ledger technology in the capital market : Shared versus private information in a permissioned blockchain". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datalogi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326341.

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This master thesis explores how blockchain technologies can be utilized within the financial sector with focus on how to store both private and public information on the blockchain. The capital market is looking into ways of cutting down administrative work through streamlining the financial process by using blockchain technologies. Public key encryption together with hash functions and a consensus mechanism make up the basis for creating a shared trustless database system. The thesis was conducted by extensive research concerning cryptographic topics, and a literature study was made to compare existing solutions. This was done in order to come up with a new design which suggests how to utilize blockchain technologies in order to create private transactions. The design solves issues regarding key management and how to handle both private and public information on the blockchain. The proposed design is an extension of Visigon's existing permissioned blockchain, and it introduces different roles within the peer to peer network as well as a concept of having regulating nodes that together with the involved bank's nodes handle the process of private transactions. Private transactions are encrypted by using symmetric keys and thereafter recorded on the blockchain. In conclusion blockchain technology might not be the most suitable database system for banks to keep transactions private. Future solutions should consider the best attributes of blockchain technologies and create a new system with the single purpose of being a tool for the financial market.

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Röwekamp, Jens. "Private, secure, and censorship resistant document sharing : for individuals and groups based on distributed ledger technology". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235364.

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The scandal around Facebook and Cambridge Analytica in 2017 showed drastically that new concepts to share andstore information need to be developed in order to minimize the huge potential for abuse resulting from centralized information stored at trusted third parties. This thesis analysed to what degree current document exchange systems (e.g. Dropbox) comply with the information security services confidentiality, integrity, privacy, anonymity, authenticity of authors, non-repudiation, and accountability; with the result that all analysed systems lack support for privacy and anonymity. Mainly due to their centralized design, missing (meta)data encryption, and regulations of jurisdictions in which they operate. Based on that analysis a decentralized concept for document sharing in a peer-to-peer fashion utilising client-side encryption, the separation of data and metadata, metadata masking through Tor hidden services, and distributed ledger technology for directory service provision, was developed. The concept was proven through prototype implementation of a document exchange software called docShare and its information security services were compared with former analysed exchange technologies. The analysis showed that docShare has a better information security service provision but is still leaking identity information in form of IPad dresses when interacting with the distributed ledger Ethereum. Mainly because Ethereum doesn’t support traffic anonymization through Tor.
Skandalen kring Facebook och Cambridge Analystica i 2017 visade drastiskt att nya koncept för hur information delas och sparas behöver utvecklas för att reducera den stora missbrukspotentialen som är ett resultat av att information sparas centralt hos betrodda tredje partier. Denna avhandling analyserar till vilken utsträckning nuvarande document exchange system(s) (till exempel Dropbox) följer säkerhetsservices såsom förtrolighet, integritet, anonymitet, autorernas autenticitet, påvislighet och räkenskap. Undersökningen visar att alla analyserade system saknar stöd för integritet och anonymitet, mest på grund av den centraliserade designen, saknande informationskryptering och de juridiska reglerna som gäller för dem. Baserad på denna undersökning utvecklades ett koncept för peer-to-peer document sharing som innebär att information krypteras, att information och metainformation separeras, metainformation skyddas genom TOR hidden services samt att DLT används för katalogtjänster. Detta koncept bevisades genom prototypisk implementation av en dokumentutbytningssoftware som kallas för docShare vars information security services jämfördes med andra analyserade utbytetekniker. Analysen visade att docSharehar en bättre information security service tillhandhållande, men den läcker fortfarande identitetinformationer i form av IP adresser när den interagerar med den distribuerande ledger Ethereum, främst för att Ethereum inte stödjer trafficanonymisering genom Tor.

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Mononga, Omphile. "A framework for organisational adoption of blockchain technology in the financial services sector". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81688.

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The financial services sector is riddled with efficiency challenges and high costs resulting from the use of legacy financial systems. A solution for these challenges exists in the form of blockchain technology. However, adoption of blockchain in the financial services sector remains a challenge for several reasons. Key to this is the fact that the technology is still new, and there is a lack of clear information on how management of financial institutions can configure their organisations to prepare them for the adoption of the new technology. By investigating the technological aspects of blockchain technology; the organisational preparedness for adoption; and the environmental dynamics of financial services; this paper presents a framework for organisational adoption of blockchain technology. This framework will assist organisations to first reconfigure themselves to prepare for technological adoption; and second, align themselves to the requirements of adoption of blockchain technology. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with experts in the global financial services sector, it was found that there is a methodological approach to the adoption of blockchain technology. Blockchain advocates within organisations will be able to conduct an internal introspection into efficiency challenges they face, learn about blockchain technology, build a business case for adoption, reconfigure the organisation, align the organisation, and adopt blockchain to accord the organisation the necessary efficiencies.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
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Jiang, Jennifer Hongbo. "How much does trust cost? : analysis of the consensus mechanism of distributed ledger technology and use-cases in securitization". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111454.

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Thesis: S.M. in Management of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-49).
This paper analyzed how blockchain has achieved decentralized consensus, a remarkable innovation by: 1) validating transactions based on cryptograph technologies and implicit incentives; 2) extending blockchain networks based on a process of randomization. The success of emerging distributed ledger technology (DLT) reveals an intricate interplay of key factors among technology, economics, and rules. This paper discussed the broad spectrum of permissionless and permissioned DLTs and argued that the choice of DLT for each business case is a delicate balancing act for the needs of disintermediation, confidentiality, and scalability among other considerations. Smart contacts are the pre-agreed set of rules evaluated and executed by an automated system based on DLT. By digitalizing the physical business world, smart contracts combined with loT or big data analytics can help make powerful business cases, and we illustrated the potential use-cases in financial securitization industry. Looking forward, a decentralized consensus model empowered by DLT may lead to a new dimension of organizational changes and foster more collaborative partnership within and beyond the financial services industry.
by Jennifer Hongbo Jiang.
S.M. in Management of Technology

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18

Dimobi, Ikechukwu Samuel. "Transactive Distribution Grid with Microgrids Using Blockchain Technology for the Energy Internet". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102216.

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The changing nature of the energy grid in recent years has prompted key stakeholders to think of ways to address incoming challenges. Transactive energy is an approach that promises to dynamically align active grid elements coming up in the previously inactive consumers' side to achieve a reliable and smarter grid. This work models the distribution grid structure as a combination of microgrids. A blockchain-in-the loop simulation framework is modelled and simulated for a residential microgrid using power system simulators and transactive agents. Blockchain smart contracts are used to coordinate peer-to-peer energy transactions in the microgrid. The model is used to test three market coordination schemes: a simple auction-less scheme, an auction-less scheme with a normalized sorting metric and an hour ahead single auction scheme with penalties for unfulfilled bids. Case studies are presented of a microgrid with 30 homes, at different levels of solar and energy storage penetration within the microgrid, all equipped with responsive and unresponsive appliances and transactive agents for the HVAC systems. The auction-less scheme with a normalized sorting metric is observed to provide a fairer advantage to smaller solar installations in comparison to the simple auction-less method. It is then concluded that the auction-less schemes are most beneficial to users, as they would not need sophisticated forecasting technology to reduce penalties from bid quantity inaccuracies, as long as the energy mix within the microgrid is diverse enough.
Master of Science

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19

Giansante, Cesare. "Ricerca su Registri Distribuiti: un Approccio Basato su Distributed Hash Tables". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22887/.

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In questo lavoro di tesi viene proposta e realizzata una Distributed Hash Table (DHT). Una Distributed Hash Table è un sistema di archiviazione decentralizzato che fornisce schemi di ricerca e archiviazione simili a una tabella hash, permettendo la memorizzazione di dati sotto forma di coppie chiave-valore. Gestisce i dati distribuendoli su un numero di nodi e implementando uno schema di routing che consente di cercare in modo efficiente il nodo su cui si trova l’elemento della ricerca. La caratteristica della DHT realizzata è quella di avere una struttura ad ipercubo. È stato utilizzato un simulatore, PeerSim, con il quale è stato possibile simulare la rete di nodi su cui si appoggia la DHT. Lo scopo di questo strumento è quello di permettere a chiunque lo utilizzi, di cercare in maniera facile e veloce dei dati specifici. Questo è permesso grazie all’implementazione del meccanismo di ricerca basato su keywords. Il lavoro proposto fa parte di una ricerca più ampia, la quale, mira a realizzare un'architettura di sistema per promuovere lo sviluppo di sistemi di trasporto intelligenti (ITS) utilizzando registri distribuiti e tecnologie correlate. Saranno implementate due tipologie di ricerca e, infine, verranno eseguiti dei test per valutare l’efficienza di queste operazioni. Lo scopo è quello di constatare quanto sia efficiente il meccanismo di routing implementato, andando ad analizzare il rapporto tra il numero dei nodi della rete e il numero degli scambi di informazione tra i vari nodi necessario per completare una richiesta di ricerca.

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Bross, Philipp. "The potentials of Blockchain technology in logistics". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39132.

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Background: Blockchain technology is recently receiving a lot of attention from researchers as well as from many different industries. There are promising application areas for the logistics sector like digital document exchange and tracking of goods, but there is no existing research on these topics. This thesis aims to contribute to the research of information systems in logistics in combination with Blockchain technology. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the capabilities of Blockchain technology regarding the concepts of privacy, transparency and trust. In addition, the requirements of information systems in logistics regarding the mentioned concepts are studied and brought in relation to the capabilities of Blockchain technology. The goal is to contribute to a theoretical discussion on the role of Blockchain technology in improving the flow of goods and the flow of information in logistics. Method: The research is carried out in the form of an explorative case study. Blockchain technology has not been studied previously in a logistics setting and therefore, an inductive research approach is chosen by using thematic analysis. The case study is based on a pilot test which had the goal to facilitate a Blockchain to exchange documents and track shipments. Conclusion: The findings reflect that the research on Blockchain technology is still in its infancy and that it still takes several years to facilitate the technology in a productive environment. The Blockchain has the capabilities to meet the requirements of information systems in logistics due to the ability to create trust and establish an organisation overarching platform to exchange information.

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Amadi-Echendu, Anthea Patricia. "Towards a framework for the integration of data and data sources in the automation and dematerialisation of land administration systems". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62803.

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The South African property process is cumbersome, tedious, and complex mainly since it is a manual paper-based system that involves numerous activities of many disparate firms and organisations in the private sector as well as business processes of regulatory agencies, public sectors departments and other institutions. Although much effort had been made by private organisations to automate pockets of the process, the integration efforts are still founded in paper documents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the conveyancing end-to-end process in South Africa in order to develop a conceptual framework that could be used to eliminate paper and dematerialise the land registration process. The study was guided by the following research question: How can the end-to-end property transfer process be integrated among the different role players to dematerialise property transfers? Seated in the interpretative paradigm, an exploratory study was undertaken. The study followed a multidisciplinary approach which incorporated aspects of records management, supply chain management, land administration management, information technology and payment systems. Nineteen in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with major organisations and societies (i.e. stakeholders) involved in property exchanges in South Africa. These included the South African Reserve Bank, The South African Deeds Registry, National Treasury, The Law Society of South Africa, The Surveyor General and various vendors which operate within the property sphere. These interviews were analysed using content analysis, and documentary evidence were used to triangulate the data collected. The study revealed that private organisations and banks are more ready to embrace dematerialisation than governmental institutions. The main findings of the study were that a need existed for the integration of information and data from the onset of the property application, dematerialisation in addition to digitisation should be incorporated into e-DRS, there is a need for a centralised information sharing capability, same-day, irrevocable payments must be implemented and biometric information can be used to validate parties involved in each transaction. The findings were used to develop a framework for a dematerialised electronic deeds registration in South Africa, which were further generalised for use in other industries. It is recommended that key supply chain partners are integrated into a land administration system that is hosted by the deeds office. This study is of value to all organisations involved in the property land management administration processes, both in a private and governmental capacity, as well as indigenous tribunals. Recommendations for future studies were made.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Information Science
PhD
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Fan, Yuan. "A study on solutions of cross-ledger intercommunication : Classification, analysis and comparison of crosschain projects". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278498.

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The phenomenon of isolated value in each blockchain system has become adistinct issue of the blockchain field. To address this problem, the demandof cross-chain intercommunication came up. In a narrow sense, cross-chainrefers to the process of asset interoperability between relatively independentblockchains. In this thesis, we mainly analyze the design principles, technicaldifficulties, and solutions of cross-chain intercommunication in this narrowsense. With the introduction of distributed ledger technology(DLT), we describethe interaction with other ledgers as the fundamental problem of currentblockchain technology.The implementation of cross-chain is mainly manifested as asset swap and assettransfer. So far, there are many existing application scenarios and projectsadopted from these manifestation. This paper will focus on these two implementations,illustrate their principles, locate the realization difficulties, andput forward corresponding possible solutions. Then we elaborated on eightpopular cross-chain projects underlying mechanism listed with three maincategories. A detailed comparison according to their interoperability level,consensus algorithm and application scenarios of the overall overview of 20cross-chain projects is presented as a table in the Appendix A.During the implementation process, we performed a simple atomic swap crosschainframework based on Hash Time Lock Contract between Bitshares andEthereum, then compare the performance with a wallet application presentby Ripple using Interledger Protocol. These two applications are representedthe two different use case of cross-chain realization.With limited number of projects to test out, our conclusion was reached aftera discussion with the relative merits of the two approaches. Interledger protocolhas a better solution from the aspects of the decentralization, scalability,and whether it supports traditional ledgers.
Fenomenet isolerat värde i varje blockchain-system har blivit en distinkt frågaom blockchainfält. För att hantera detta problem kom kravet på interkommunikationmellan kedjor upp. I en smal mening hänvisar tvärkedjantill processen för interoperabilitet mellan tillgångar mellan relativt oberoendeblockchains. I denna avhandling analyserar vi huvudsakligen designprinciper,tekniska svårigheter och lösningar för interkommunikation mellan kedjor ien smal bemärkelse. Med introduktionen av distribuerad huvudboksteknologi(DLT) beskriver vi interaktionen med andra bokar som det grundläggandeproblemet med den nuvarande blockchain-tekniken.Tvärkedjans implementeringsform manifesteras huvudsakligen som tillgångsbyteoch överföring av tillgångar. Hittills finns det många befintliga applikationsscenarier och Pro projekt som antagits från dessa manifestation. Dettadokument kommer att fokusera på dessa två implementeringar, illustrera derasprinciper, lokalisera förståelsessvårigheterna och lägga fram motsvarandemöjliga lösningar. Sedan utarbetade vi åtta populära tvärkedjeprojekt underliggandemekanism listade med tre huvudkategorier. En detaljerad jämförelseberoende på deras driftskompatibilitetsnivå, konsensusalgoritm och tillämpningsscenarierav den övergripande översikten över 20 tvärkedjeprojekt presenterassom en tabell i Appendix A.Under genomförandeprocessen genomförde vi en enkel atomisk swap Cross-Chain ram baserad på hash Time lock kontrakt mellan Bitshares och Ethereum,sedan jämföra prestanda med en plånbok program som finns med Ripplemed Interledger Protocol. Dessa två applikationer föreställs de två olika användningsfallenav Cross-Chain genomförande.Med begränsade projekt att testa, nåddes vår slutsats efter en diskussion medrelativa fördelar med två metoder praktiskt taget. Interledger-protokollet haren bättre lösning med avseende på decentralisering, skalbarhet och huruvidadet stöder traditionella bokar.

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Lockl, Jannik [Verfasser], e Maximilian [Akademischer Betreuer] Röglinger. "The Convergence of Emerging Digital Technologies : Examining the Interplay of the Internet of Things and Distributed Ledger Technology / Jannik Lockl ; Betreuer: Maximilian Röglinger". Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241183759/34.

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24

Dzurdzíková, Kristína. "Návrh využití technologie Blockchain ve firemním prostředí". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417644.

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This diploma thesis deals with the creation of a design for the utilization of blockchain technology in a corporate environment. The main goal of this work is to create a proposal for a business process and its implementation in a specific blockchain platform. The analysis of the current state of the process describes current process and company’s requirements for the functionality of new technology. In the design part of the work, I compared specific blockchain platforms. As a result of this part I chose the most suitable solution for the implementation of my proposal. This chapter further includes the design of a methodology for verifying whether the process is suitable for the implementation of a blockchain technology or not. Moreover, it describes how to proceed when choosing a suitable solution and highlights its key factors.

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El-Hage, Sebastian, e Gustav Holst. "Micropayments Between IoT Devices : A Qualitative Study Analyzing the Usability of DLT:s in an IoT Environment". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240402.

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Today there exist no standardized payment solution for performing micropayments between Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This study was conducted to examine whether Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) could be suitable as a micropayment solution for IoT. Also, a more general demand for a scalable micropayment solution was examined, along with its potential. A qualitative study was performed by first conducting eight unstructured interviews regarding the subjects DLT and IoT, to be used as a complement to the literature research. Then, one unstructured and five semi-structured interviews were held to answer the research questions. The Bitcoin blockchain does not work as a micropayment solution, due to scalability issues. This study identified a positive outlook on the idea of Lightning Network, solving the scalability problems with off-chain transactions. However, since a fully functioning network is yet to be implemented, there exist uncertainties, for example regarding how decentralized it will really become. Also, issues considering the usage of DLT:s on small IoT devices arose, stemming from CPU and storage constraints. A demand of a sustainable micropayment solution was identified, possibly being a catalyst of the emergence of pay-per-use business models. Considering more powerful IoT devices, the Lightning Network could function as a micropayment solution. Such a technology is sought after, and its applicability will only increase as IoT devices evolve.
Det finns idag ingen standardiserad betalningslösning för att genomföra mikrobetalningar mellan Internet of Things (IoT) enheter. Denna studie genomfördes för att undersöka huruvida Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) skulle kunna användas som en mikrobetalningslösning för IoT. En mer generell eterfrågan för en skalbar mikrobetalningslösning, och effekterna av en sådan, undersöktes. En kvalitativ studie genofördes, där åtta ostrukturerade intervjuer gällande ämnena DLT och IoT, hölls för att komplementera litteraturstudierna. Sedan genomfördes en ostrukturerad och fem semi-strukturerade intervjuer för att kunna besvara de frågeställningar som definierats. Bitcoin blockkedjan funderar inte som en mikrobetalningslösning på grund utav dess skalbarhetsproblem. Studien identifierar en positiv syn på Lightning Network, som löserskalbarhetsproblemen genom att använda sig av transaktioner utanför kedjan. Denna lösning är dock inte fullständigt implementerad, vilket leder till flera osäkerheter angående exempelvis hur decentraliserat nätverket verkligen kommer att bli. Utöver detta finns även svårigheter med användandet av DLT:s för små IoT-enheter, vilket härstämmar ifrån deras CPU- och lagringsbegränsningar. En efterfrågan på en hållbar mikrobetalningslösning identifieras, och denna skulle kunna fungera som en katalysator för etablerandet av pay-per-use affärsmodeller. Tittar vi på mer kraftfulla IoT-enheter skulle Lightning Network fungera som en mikrobetalningslösning. En sådan teknologi är eftertraktad och dess användbarhet kommer bara att växa i och med utvecklingen av IoT-enheter.

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Melin, Karin. "The GDPR Compliance of Blockchain : A qualitative study on regulating innovative technology". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Datorteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-397163.

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This thesis aims to explore the compliance of blockchain technology and the GDPR. The GDPR was implemented for the EU member states in May 2018 with the purpose of harmonizing data protection regulation. However, the regulation is based on the notion that data is stored and processed in a centralized system. This causes an issue when it comes to distributed networks, and in particular with the distributed ledger technology (DLT), the underlying technology of blockchain. For this thesis, a literature review has been conducted to investigate the problems of GDPR compliance for blockchain projects, and what technical solutions exist to make a blockchain solution more GDPR compliant. In addition, interviews have been conducted to investigate the technical and legal perspectives on the current and future situations of regulation and technology. Compatibility problems mainly concern the immutability and transparency of a blockchain and examples of technical solutions that handle those problems can be found in the literature. Nevertheless, none of the discussed solutions are yet to guarantee full GDPR compliance. The technical and legal perspectives share ideas of the main compliance issues. However, differences such as interpretation of technical details can be identified, indicating problems to arise when regulating blockchains in the future. Further interdisciplinary work on guidelines for the GDPR is necessary for blockchain projects to be successful in complying with the regulation as well as to strengthen the technology neutrality of the GDPR.

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Fleming, Theodor. "Decentralized Identity Management for a Maritime Digital Infrastructure : With focus on usability and data integrity". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-155115.

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When the Internet was created it did not include any protocol for identifying the person behind the computer. Instead, the act of identification has primarily been established by trusting a third party. But, the rise of Distributed Ledger Technology has made it possible to authenticate a digital identity and build trust without the need of a third party. The Swedish Maritime Administration are currently validating a new maritime digital infrastructure for the maritime transportation industry. The goal is to reduce the number of accidents, fuel consumption and voyage costs. Involved actors has their identity stored in a central registry that relies on the trust of a third party. This thesis investigates how a conversion from the centralized identity registry to a decentralized identity registry affects the usability and the risk for compromised data integrity. This is done by implementing a Proof of Concept of a decentralized identity registry that replaces the current centralized registry, and comparing them. The decentralized Proof of Concept’s risk for compromised data integrity is 95.1% less compared with the centralized registry, but this comes with a loss of 53% in efficiency.

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Karlsson, Daniel. "Modelling and Analysis of Swedish Heavy Industry Supply Chain Data Management to Improve Efficiency and Security". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291230.

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Product certificates are sent throughout the supply chain of Swedish heavy industry in order to show provenance and physical characteristics of objects such as screws. The data management of the certificates has been, and still is, a very manual process. The process requires extensive work in order to maintain a correct record of the certificates. In particular, tracing causes of errors and establishing compliance takes a long time and effort. The company Chaintraced is developing an application to automate the process by acting as a third party to digitalize and manage the certificates. Introducing a third party into a business-to-business process requires that data integrity is preserved and that information reaches its expected destination. Recent research has indicated that distributed ledger technologies showpromise to fulfill these requirements. In particular, blockchain-based systems offer immutability and traceability of data, and can reduce the trust needed between different parties by relying on cryptographic primitives and consensus mechanisms. This thesis investigates the application of distributed ledger technology to further automate the Swedish heavy industry supply chain and reduce the trust needed in a third party managing the certificates. Requirements for an industrial strength system is set up and several distributed ledger technology solutions are considered to fit the use case of Swedish heavy industry. A proof of concept based on the findings is implemented, tested and compared with a centralized database to explore its possible usage in the supply chain with regard to feasibility, immutability, traceability and security. The investigation resulted in a prototype based on Hyperledger Fabric to store product certificates. The solution provides certain guarantees to immutability and security while being developed with feasibility for deployment in mind. The proposed solution is shown to be slow compared to a centralized solution but scales linearly with number of certificates and is considered within bounds for the use case. The results also show that the proposed solution is more trustworthy than a centralized solution, but that adopting blockchain technology is an extensive task. In particular, trustworthiness and guarantees provided by the solution is highly dependent on the feasibility aspect and the investigation concludes that adoption of blockchain technology within the Swedish heavy industry must take this into consideration.
Hanteringen av produktcertifikat inom den svenska tungindustrin är en mycket manuell process vilket resulterar i att ett enormt arbete krävs för att upprätthålla en korrekt hantering av certifikaten. Att spåra orsaken till fel och att kontrollera efterlevnaden av krav inom industrin tar lång tid. Chaintraced har utvecklat en applikation som automatiserar hanteringen av certifikaten genom digitalisering och att som tredje part lagra informationen. Att introducera en tredje part i affärsverksamheter kräver att integriteten av datan bibehålls och att information anländer till korrekt mottagare. Ny forskning har visat att distribuerade liggare har möjligheten att uppfylla dessa krav. Framförallt gällande blockkedjetekniken med dess många egenskaper och garantier som företag letar efter, så som oföränderlig och spårbar data. Blockkedjetekniken reducerar också förtroendet som behövs för parter inom nätverket genom att förlita sig på kryptografi och konsensus mekanismer. Den här rapporten utreder användningen av distribuerade liggare för att ytterliggare automatisera den svenska tungindustrins leveranskedja och minska tilliten som krävs för en tredje part som hanterar certifikaten. Krav ställs upp för ett system och flertalet distribuerade databastekniker undersöks för att passa in i fallet angående den svenska tungindustrin. En prototyp är utvecklad baserad på kraven, prototypen är testad och jämförd med en central databas för att undersöka hur implementationen står sig vad gäller genomförbarhet, oföränderlighet, spårbarhet och säkerhet. Undersökningen resulterade i en prototyp baserad på Hyperledger Fabric. Prototypen lagrar produktcertifikaten och ger vissa garantier till oföränderligbarhet samt säkerhet. Möjligheten för aktörer i kedjan att använda prototypen hade stor inverkan på hur systemet utvecklades. Prototypen visar sig vara långsammare än en centraliserad lösning men mätningarna kan anses vara inom kraven för ett system inom tungindustrins leveranskedja. Skalbarheten av lösningen är beroende av kraven på säkerhet men är linjär i antalet certifikat som skickas och lagras. Resultaten visar också att den föreslagna lösningen inger mer tillit än en centraliserad lösning men att introducera blockkedjetekniken är en komplex process. Trovärdighet och garantier som ges av lösningen är till stor del beroende av komplexiteten vilket rapporten kommer fram till är det viktigaste för svensk tungindustri att ha i åtanke vid eventuell antagande av blockkedjeteknik.

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JONSSON, JOHAN R. "Perceived Affordance and Socio-Technical Transition: Blockchain for the Swedish Public Sector". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-237533.

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Abstract (sommario):

The Swedish public sector is under constant pressure to improve processes and services through further digitalization. Blockchain is a novelty technology which shows promise of enabling functionalities which are desired within the sector. However, as the technology is still in its infancy, the practical value it could offer the sector remains unproven. In this master thesis, the socio-technical transition of the public sector for adopting blockchain is analyzed using the multi-level perspective framework. The sector is operationalized as an incumbent socio-technical regime and blockchain as a collection of niche innovations. Affordance theory and the multi-level perspective are combined to analyze how the perception of blockchain affects the potential transition pathways. The primary empirical data is gathered through a series of interviews with key individuals from both the Swedish public sector and blockchain community, as well as from attending blockchain events. Secondary data is gathered through the review of various types of literature regarding the topic. The findings of the thesis show that the practical value and functionalities that blockchain offers and that match the needs of the sector are verification, authentication, traceability, automating simple logical functions, and digitizing unique value. The identified conceptual solutions deemed suitable today are: blockchain for identity management, blockchain for data verification, blockchains for property registers of, e.g., vehicles and real estate, and external industry blockchains for improved traceability of, e.g., supply chains and sales records. The thesis also derives recommendations for the public sector indicating that, e.g., active education, revision of regulation, and international cooperation would further a potential transition towards blockchain. It also finds that perceived affordances of a technology in its early stages affect the transition pathways; barriers of entry, number of potential adopting application sectors, the level of coordination, and the available resources for development are influenced by the perceptions.
Svensk offentlig sektor utsätts konstant för påtryckningar gällande fortsatt digitalisering av processer och tjänster. Blockkedjan är en ny teknologi som påvisar potential att kunna tillgodose funktioner önskvärda inom den offentliga sektorn. Dock är teknologin fortfarande i ett begynnande stadie och dess praktiska värde är ännu obevisat. I detta examensarbete analyseras offentliga sektorns potentiella socio-tekniska övergång till att ta blockkedjor i bruk med hjälp av multinivåperspektiv-ramverket. Sektorn operationaliseras som en befintlig socio-teknisk regim och blockkedjor som en samling av nischinnovationer. Görlighetsteori och multinivåperspektivet kombineras för att analysera hur uppfattningen av blockkedjor påverkar de potentiella övergångsvägarna. Primära empiriska data samlas in genom en serie av intervjuer med nyckelindivider från både svensk offentlig sektor och blockkedjegemenskapen, samt även från deltagande i blockkedjearrangemang. Sekundära data samlas in genom en studie av diverse typer av litteratur gällande ämnet. Examensarbetets resultat påvisar att det praktiska värdet och funktionaliteterna som blockkedjor tillgodoser och som passar med offentliga sektorns behov är verifikation, autentisering, spårbarhet, automatisering av simpla logiska funktioner, samt digitalisering av unika värden. De identifierade konceptuella lösningarna som bedöms lämpliga i dagsläget är: blockkedja för identitetshantering, blockkedja för dataverifikation, blockkedjor för egendomsregister, t.ex. för fordon och bostäder, samt externa industriblockkedjor för förbättrad spårning, t.ex. av försörjningskedjor och försäljning. Examensarbetet härleder även rekommendationer till offentliga sektorn, innefattande exempelvis aktiv utbildning, revision av reglementen, samt internationellt samarbete. Resultaten påvisar även att den uppfattade görligheten av en teknologi i ett tidigt stadie av innovation påverkar övergångsvägarna in i en regim. Detta genom att uppfattningarna influerar inträdesbarriärer, antalet potentiella applikationssektorer, koordinationsnivån, samt mängden tillgängliga resurser.

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30

Ciobanu, Alexandru. "Tecnologia Blockchain na industria de mercados financeiros : caso BNP Paribas securities services". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15824.

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Abstract (sommario):

Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
A Tecnologia Blockchain tem o potencial de revolucionar várias indústrias e tornar os processos mais democráticos, seguros, transparentes e eficientes. Empreendedores, start-ups, investidores, as organizações internacionais e governos identificaram a Blockchain como uma oportunidade disruptiva para mudar o paradigma atual. A Blockchain é uma base de dados pública distribuída que mantém um registo permanente das transações digitais. Por outras palavras, é um arquivo de dados que armazena um registo imutável de todas as transações digitais. Esta base de dados distribuída não é controlada por uma instituição central, é por sua vez, uma rede de base de dados replicados (o que significa que cada nó na rede armazena a sua própria cópia da cadeia de blocos) que é compartilhado e visível para qualquer pessoa dentro da rede. A Inovação Disruptiva é uma abordagem que reúne todos os recursos e capacidades criativas para uma organização trabalhar na produção de ideias inovadoras e no desenvolvimento de novos negócios. O principal objetivo desta TFM será explorar os benefícios para o banco BNP Paribas ao adotar a tecnologia Blockchain nos seus processos atuais. E se estes são adequados para uma tecnologia Blockchain, com o foco na tecnologia de pagamentos para os serviços CASH e como a inovação disruptiva pode ajudar na implementação desta tecnologia no mercado onde o banco tem presença.
Blockchain Technology has the potential to disrupt multiple industries and make processes more democratic, secure, transparent, and efficient. Entrepreneurs, startup companies, investors, global organizations and governments have all identified Blockchain as a disruptive opportunity to change the current paradigm. A blockchain is a distributed public database that keeps a permanent record of digital transactions. In other words, it's a logfile storing an immutable record of all the digital transactions. This distributed database is not controlled by a central administrator, but instead is a network of replicated databases (meaning each node in the network stores its own copy of the blockchain) that is shared and visible to anyone within network. Disruptive Innovation is an approach that brings together all the creative assets, capabilities and disciplines to an organization to work together on producing breakthrough ideas and driving new business growth. The main scope of this thesis will be to explore the benefits for BNP Paribas bank in the financial landscape and if these are suitable for a Blockchain based technology, focusing on payments technology for CASH services and how disruptive innovation could help on deploying this technology in the bank.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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31

Kapsis, Ilias. "Blockchain and cryptocurrencies: essential tools in a two-tier financial system". 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17221.

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Yes
• This article discusses the current situation in the market of cryptocurrencies and joins the debate about the regulation of these financial innovations. • It argues that the appearance of cryptocurrencies was a response to market demand for more affordable and more inclusive banking. • It also argues that distributed ledger technology (DLT) which supports cryptocurrencies and has different characteristics than the technology used by traditional banking could help to create with cryptocurrencies a new, lower cost, more inclusive financial ecosystem separate from the traditional one. • The two ecosystems (traditional and new one) would form a larger two-tier financial ecosystem, which, overall would be more inclusive and more affordable. Also, it would be more effective in containing contagion and major economic disruption during future financial crises. • The current reliance on a single, ever growing, and immensely complex financial ecosystem is not sustainable longer term as systemic risks grow with the system and there are no mechanisms available to fully eliminate these risks. The costs of regulating the current market architecture are also excessively high.
The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo - 2 years after publication.

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32

Cruz, Diogo Filipe Barros. "Initial Coin Offering (ICOs) : determinants of successful Initial Coin Offering (ICOs)". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/28249.

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Abstract (sommario):

O objetivo desta dissertação é identificar as determinantes que influenciam o sucesso de uma Initial Coin Offering (ICO). Especificamente, este trabalho investiga diferentes abordagens usadas para lançar com sucesso uma Initial Coin Offering (ICO) e identifica os seus determinantes. Uma amostra de 206 white papers de Initial Coin Offering foi examinada para detetar se as divulgações de algumas características específicas aumentam a probabilidade das ICOs serem bem-sucedidas. O conteúdo do white paper, a classificação do site icobench e a plataforma Ethereum aumentaram a qualidade da informação e a probabilidade de sucesso das ICOs. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados quando os ICOs são Smart contracts. Além disso, descobriu-se que o local onde as ICOs são lançadas determina o montante de dinheiro arrecadado, bem como o lançamento de um projeto ICOs em um país paraíso fiscal afeta positivamente o sucesso da ICO.
The aim of this dissertation is to identify the determinants that lead Initial Coin Offering (ICO) to success. Specifically, this work investigates different approaches used to launch successful Initial Coin Offering (ICO) and identify its determinants. A sample of 206 Initial Coin Offerings white papers has been examined to detect if the disclosure of some specific characteristics increases the probability of successful ICOs. Both length of the white papers, rating of Icobench website and Ethereum platform have been found to increase the quality of information and probability of successful ICOs. Similar results have been found when ICOs are smart contracts. Moreover, the location where ICOs are launched has been found to determine the amount of money raised, and the launch of ICOs project in a tax haven country positively affects ICO success.

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33

Lok-HimLeung e 梁樂謙. "GDPR-compliant Data Marketplace Framework with Distributed Ledger Technology". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5m5h9t.

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34

Passlack, Markus. "On the disruptive potential of distributed ledger technologies". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/26961.

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Abstract (sommario):

Blockchain – an ever-present term in recent scientific discourse. Both the awareness and the number of projects that experiment with blockchain technologies is steadily increasing. Yet, these so-called Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) are a solution looking for a problem. Many revolutionize data transfer and data collection, but no full-featured application has been fully implemented yet. To shed light on the potential of DLTs, the thesis deploys a holistic comparative framework and analyzes a real-life case study at TINE SA. It develops findings in the areas of technical structure, disruptive (business) potential and specific applications for farmhouses. The analysis compares a wide range of characteristics of IOTA, ITC, NANO and Streamr DATAcoin. Results indicate that IOTA is able to solve the problem of integer data transfer most efficiently through its decentralized user-controlled network and feeless real-time machine to machine communication. These features are disrupting the competitive landscape in various areas by enabling first-time data collection and transfer, especially in industries that are not working with big-data yet. Within the case study, IOTA was found to be highly potent in changing the environment in the dairy industry by introducing digitization on a new level, leading to additional channels and market opportunities. Finally, this thesis also identified further potential business applications of IOTA.
Blockchain – um termo sempre presente na comunicação científica recente. Tanto a consciencialização, como o número de projetos que experienciam tecnologias blockchain, estão a constantemente a crescer. No entanto, as chamadas tecnologias de ledger distribuído (DLT) são uma solução à procura de um problema. Muitas revolucionam a transferência e coleta de dados, mas ainda não foi implementada nenhuma aplicação com todas as funcionalidades. Para esclarecer o potencial dos DLTs, a tese implementa uma estrutura holística comparativa e analisa um caso de estudo real na TINE SA. Desenvolve também resultados nas áreas de estrutura técnica, potencial disruptivo (negócio) e aplicações específicas para fazendas. A análise compara uma ampla variedade de características de IOTA, ITC, NANO e Streamr DATAcoin. Os resultados mostram que o IOTA é capaz de resolver o problema da transferência de dados inteiros mais eficientemente através da sua rede descentralizada controlada pelo utilizador e comunicação em tempo real de máquina para máquina, sem taxas. Estas funcionalidades estão a romper o cenário competitivo em várias áreas ao permitir a primeira coleta e transferência de dados, especialmente em indústrias que ainda não estão a trabalhar com big data. Dentro do caso de estudo, o IOTA foi considerado altamente potente na mudança do ambiente na indústria dos laticínios ao introduzir a digitalização num novo nível, levando a canais adicionais e oportunidades de mercado. Finalmente, esta tese também identificou outras potenciais aplicações do IOTA em negócio.

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35

Sousa, João Malheiro de. "Supply Chain tracking and management with Distributed Ledger". Dissertação, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/135626.

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36

Sousa, João Malheiro de. "Supply Chain tracking and management with Distributed Ledger". Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/135626.

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37

CHANG, CHEN-TE, e 張辰德. "Privacy Protection Mechanism in Smart Meter Based on the Distributed Ledger Technology". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5w7p67.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
逢甲大學
資訊工程學系
107
With the development of the Smart Grid, characters in Smart Grid are able to transform not only electricity flow but also information. The electricity company collects fine-grained realtime power consumption data from terminal customers (home, commercial, industrial) using Smart Meter to facilitate diverse applications, such as demand response, regional statistics, and load monitoring. However, the real-time power consumption data can cause privacy issues to the customers. Adversaries can obtain the customers’ privacy such as customers’ personal daily behavior or habits by analyzing the real-time power consumption data. There are some existing researches focus on protecting customers’ privacy. Most of the approaches inject noise into the consumption data such as attaching batteries to mask the consumption data. Although these approaches can protect customers’ privacy, however, the consumption data is not fine-grained anymore. This paper proposed a mechanism combining distributed ledger technology(DLT) and specific conditions signature to provide anonymous data transmission. Customers can transmit his/her power consumption data through anonymous identity. Through the combination of the DLT and specific conditions signature, consumers can hide his/her identity and transmit power consumption data anonymously which is tamper-proofed. While protecting customers’ privacy, the service provider can still receive the payment from the customer.

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38

TANG, TSUNG-YI, e 唐琮壹. "A Service Discovery Framework for Fog Computing Based on Distributed Ledger Technology". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cjg5ff.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立高雄科技大學
電機工程系
107
The microservice architecture is the mainstream development method of the software service. It makes service become single-function and stand-alone instance by using containerization technology. With a small granularity, instances are more easier for management and scalability. In the microservices architecture, service discovery mechanism is used to lazily bind requests to dynamic service deployment. However, with the rise of fog computing, Computing resources have changed from centralized clouds to the ones distributed in various layers of networks to reduce latency and bandwidth consumption. In this case, the client is no longer restricted to accessing resources in the cloud, but can access services from fog nodes. In addition, the fog computing covers multiple layers of network, and the nodes under different layers also have different managers. As a result, the problem of service discovery becomes quite complex, requiring a distribute service discovery mechanism that can be decentralization and wide-area accessed. Accordingly, this study proposes a service discovery mechanism based on IOTA decentralized ledger technology. This mechanism allows end users to perform fog node searches directly through any node in the IOTA Mainnet for public access and high availability. On the other hand, by issueing transactions, the fog nodes exchange information with each other. So that end users can obtain more comprehensive information by accessing known fog nodes, and perform a node selection optimization process to obtain a more suitable node.

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39

Vanetti, Michele. "The future of cross-boarder payments: a look into ripple's distributed ledger technology". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/36376.

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After stirring the interest of the financial industry in 2017, Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is poised to become one of the fastest growing technologies in 2018 and beyond. This thesis aims to increase comprehension of the benefits associated with distributed transaction processing and attempts to evaluate whether Ripple’s solution has the required features to modernize the current cross-boarder payment infrastructure. Because Ripple’s DLT is currently going through the implementation and testing phase an assessment based on actual usage was not feasible, yet this research found the technology well equipped to become the standard for interbank funds transfer. It also points out the necessity for a comprehensive regulatory framework, which at present is lagging behind, that responds to DLTs uncommon features.

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40

Janssen, M., Vishanth J. P. Weerakkody, Elvira Ismagilova, Uthayasankar Sivarajah e Zahir Irani. "A framework for analysing blockchain technology adoption: Integrating institutional, market and technical factors". 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17358.

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The adoption of blockchain technologies require the consideration of a broad range of factors, over and above the predominantly technology focus of most current work. Whilst scholarly literature on blockchain technology is only beginning to emerge, majority are focused on the technicalities of the technology and tend to ignore the organizational complexities of adopting the technology. Drawing from a focused review of literature, this paper proposed a conceptual framework for adoption of blockchain technology capturing the complex relationships between institutional, market and technical factors. The framework highlights that varying outcomes are possible, and the change process is focal as this shapes the form blockchain applications take. Factors presented in the framework (institutional, market and technical) interact and mutually influence each other. The proposed framework can be used by organisations as a reference point for adopting blockchain applications and by scholars to expand, refine and evaluate research into blockchain technology.

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41

Batalha, Daniel Augusto de Senna Fernandes. "Criptocontratação: uma nova forma de contratação automatizada?" Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85817.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Esta investigação almeja analisar as tecnologias que apoiam as distributed ledger technologies (como o blockchain e o tangle), para que se possa determinar se a contratação automatizada com recurso a agentes de software se trata de uma nova forma automatizada de contratar e se o actual regime aplicável à contratação sem intervenção humana, previsto no art. 33.º da Lei do Comércio Electrónico (Decreto-lei n.º 7/2004, de 7 de Janeiro, mais recentemente alterada pela Lei n.º 46/2012, de 9 de Agosto) é suficiente para resolver os problemas que possam surgir em caso de conflito.Esta investigação almeja analisar as tecnologias que apoiam as distributed ledger technologies (como o blockchain e o tangle), para que se possa determinar se a contratação automatizada com recurso a agentes de software se trata de uma nova forma automatizada de contratar e se o actual regime aplicável à contratação sem intervenção humana, previsto no art. 33.º da Lei do Comércio Electrónico (Decreto-lei n.º 7/2004, de 7 de Janeiro, mais recentemente alterada pela Lei n.º 46/2012, de 9 de Agosto) é suficiente para resolver os problemas que possam surgir em caso de conflito.Esta investigação almeja analisar as tecnologias que apoiam as distributed ledger technologies (como o blockchain e o tangle), para que se possa determinar se a contratação automatizada com recurso a agentes de software se trata de uma nova forma automatizada de contratar e se o actual regime aplicável à contratação sem intervenção humana, previsto no art. 33.º da Lei do Comércio Electrónico (Decreto-lei n.º 7/2004, de 7 de Janeiro, mais recentemente alterada pela Lei n.º 46/2012, de 9 de Agosto) é suficiente para resolver os problemas que possam surgir em caso de conflito.Esta investigação almeja analisar as tecnologias que apoiam as distributed ledger technologies (como o blockchain e o tangle), para que se possa determinar se a contratação automatizada com recurso a agentes de software se trata de uma nova forma automatizada de contratar e se o actual regime aplicável à contratação sem intervenção humana, previsto no art. 33.º da Lei do Comércio Electrónico (Decreto-lei n.º 7/2004, de 7 de Janeiro, mais recentemente alterada pela Lei n.º 46/2012, de 9 de Agosto) é suficiente para resolver os problemas que possam surgir em caso de conflito.Esta investigação almeja analisar as tecnologias que apoiam as distributed ledger technologies (como o blockchain e o tangle), para que se possa determinar se a contratação automatizada com recurso a agentes de software se trata de uma nova forma automatizada de contratar e se o actual regime aplicável à contratação sem intervenção humana, previsto no art. 33.º da Lei do Comércio Electrónico (Decreto-lei n.º 7/2004, de 7 de Janeiro, mais recentemente alterada pela Lei n.º 46/2012, de 9 de Agosto) é suficiente para resolver os problemas que possam surgir em caso de conflito.Esta investigação almeja analisar as tecnologias que apoiam as distributed ledger technologies (como o blockchain e o tangle), para que se possa determinar se a contratação automatizada com recurso a agentes de software se trata de uma nova forma automatizada de contratar e se o actual regime aplicável à contratação sem intervenção humana, previsto no art. 33.º da Lei do Comércio Electrónico (Decreto-lei n.º 7/2004, de 7 de Janeiro, mais recentemente alterada pela Lei n.º 46/2012, de 9 de Agosto) é suficiente para resolver os problemas que possam surgir em caso de conflito.Esta investigação almeja analisar as tecnologias que apoiam as distributed ledger technologies (como o blockchain e o tangle), para que se possa determinar se a contratação automatizada com recurso a agentes de software se trata de uma nova forma automatizada de contratar e se o actual regime aplicável à contratação sem intervenção humana, previsto no art. 33.º da Lei do Comércio Electrónico (Decreto-lei n.º 7/2004, de 7 de Janeiro, mais recentemente alterada pela Lei n.º 46/2012, de 9 de Agosto) é suficiente para resolver os problemas que possam surgir em caso de conflito.Esta investigação almeja analisar as tecnologias que apoiam as distributed ledger technologies (como o blockchain e o tangle), para que se possa determinar se a contratação automatizada com recurso a agentes de software se trata de uma nova forma automatizada de contratar e se o actual regime aplicável à contratação sem intervenção humana, previsto no art. 33.º da Lei do Comércio Electrónico (Decreto-lei n.º 7/2004, de 7 de Janeiro, mais recentemente alterada pela Lei n.º 46/2012, de 9 de Agosto) é suficiente para resolver os problemas que possam surgir em caso de conflito.
This research aims at analyzing distributed ledger technologies (such as blockchain and tangle), in order to determine whether the use of software agents in automated contracting is in fact a new means of automated contracting, and if the current regulation is sufficient to solve problems that may arise in case of conflict. This research aims at analyzing distributed ledger technologies (such as blockchain and tangle), in order to determine whether the use of software agents in automated contracting is in fact a new means of automated contracting, and if the current regulation is sufficient to solve problems that may arise in case of conflict. This research aims at analyzing distributed ledger technologies (such as blockchain and tangle), in order to determine whether the use of software agents in automated contracting is in fact a new means of automated contracting, and if the current regulation is sufficient to solve problems that may arise in case of conflict. This research aims at analyzing distributed ledger technologies (such as blockchain and tangle), in order to determine whether the use of software agents in automated contracting is in fact a new means of automated contracting, and if the current regulation is sufficient to solve problems that may arise in case of conflict. This research aims at analyzing distributed ledger technologies (such as blockchain and tangle), in order to determine whether the use of software agents in automated contracting is in fact a new means of automated contracting, and if the current regulation is sufficient to solve problems that may arise in case of conflict. This research aims at analyzing distributed ledger technologies (such as blockchain and tangle), in order to determine whether the use of software agents in automated contracting is in fact a new means of automated contracting, and if the current regulation is sufficient to solve problems that may arise in case of conflict. This research aims at analyzing distributed ledger technologies (such as blockchain and tangle), in order to determine whether the use of software agents in automated contracting is in fact a new means of automated contracting, and if the current regulation is sufficient to solve problems that may arise in case of conflict. This research aims at analyzing distributed ledger technologies (such as blockchain and tangle), in order to determine whether the use of software agents in automated contracting is in fact a new means of automated contracting, and if the current regulation is sufficient to solve problems that may arise in case of conflict. This research aims at analyzing distributed ledger technologies (such as blockchain and tangle), in order to determine whether the use of software agents in automated contracting is in fact a new means of automated contracting, and if the current regulation is sufficient to solve problems that may arise in case of conflict. This research aims at analyzing distributed ledger technologies (such as blockchain and tangle), in order to determine whether the use of software agents in automated contracting is in fact a new means of automated contracting, and if the current regulation is sufficient to solve problems that may arise in case of conflict. This research aims at analyzing distributed ledger technologies (such as blockchain and tangle), in order to determine whether the use of software agents in automated contracting is in fact a new means of automated contracting, and if the current regulation is sufficient to solve problems that may arise in case of conflict.

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42

CHIANG, SHUO-HSUAN, e 江碩軒. "Explore the use of Distributed Ledger Technology Based on Blockchain to Reengineer Bank Credit Reviewing Process to Improve Credit Quality". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7h764m.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
靜宜大學
國際企業學系
105
Society is centralization nowadays. People put the property under bank’s custody; put privacy under government’s custody. All is because these units are the third party units which is trusted by the people. Blockchain is honored as a technology which has most potential fifth round of subversive revolutionary core technology by McKinsey & Greater China. Blockchain’s characteristic include decentralization. It affected the role of banks in financial institutions strongly. And the blockchain technology is bound to have a qualitative change in the banking industry. Change the appearance of financial industry, but in the process of transformation will not be easy, there will be phased changes in the process. Banks still need to service customer in process of change. This paper is qualitative research and method is secondary data analysis.The purpose of this paper is to analyze that how the credit process will change in bank industry. McKinsey & Greater China report describe that in recent years, commercial banks continue to invest money and human resource in strengthen the credit audit and customer credit to resist all kinds of financial violations has become a great burden. Therefore this paper aims to find the pain points about process, cost and quality by analyzing the credit process and use blockchain technology to reengineer credit process improve pain points. Then put forward the blockchain of financial that whether the enterprise or individual financial activities can be recorded in it. To provide the bank in the shortest time to understand its credit situation for credit approval. The results of this paper proposed a credit process that reengineer by blockchain.

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43

Rebelo, Joana Filipa Campos. "Blockchain technology impact on supply chain management". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/69202.

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Constant technological innovation is the current reality for businesses and people. Most of the technologies have great potential beyond what they are designed for. Blockchain, the underlying distributed ledger technology of Bitcoin, has only recently begun to be tested for other uses. This paper studies Blockchain technology and its applications to supply chains. The concept of Blockchain technology will be scrutinized and its implementation benefits and limitations presented. Furthermore, the use cases and benefits of Blockchain technology for supply chains will be analyzed. The paper is complemented with examples and achievements of organizations testing the technology and experts opinions on the technology and its future.

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44

Crafford, Francois. "A phenomenological study of an emerging financial value ecosystem: based on distributed ledger technology and novel peer to eer game structure". Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27826.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstracts in English, Zulu and Xhosa
The central research issue in this study is the third morphing of economies due to the externally available intelligent building blocks of technology. More specifically, it is anticipated that the widespread use of distributed ledger technology will transform the workings of organisations to such a degree that they will cease to exist in their current form. Hence, the use of distributed ledger technology is not merely a tame management problem; it poses a wicked strategic problem. Furthermore, natural explanations add to the confusion in relation to what managers should do with distributed ledger technology. A transcendental phenomenological attitude is required to transcend the multitude of natural explanations. Phenomenology is both the philosophy and method employed in this study, which questions what human engagement in the world is about. More specifically in this study engagement with distributed ledger technology. This study closes this gap in knowledge by giving an accurate description of the essence of the distributed value ecosystem phenomenon. The study makes a contribution to more coherent and fundamental understanding the essences of the distributed value ecosystem phenomenon is the nature of the relationship patterns that participants hold to distributed ledger technology. The central factual finding is the nature and pattern of these relationships is transactional and circular. The pattern preferred by most organisations is the bounded binary transactional pattern. Organisations seek primarily to have power over the socially complex aspects in transacting. However, the bounded binary transactional pattern may become an unbalanced and unfair value-subtract relationship over time. The response to unbalanced binary bounded value relationships is the unbounded transactional pattern, which gives participants greater autonomy and privacy pseudonymity, but not the transparency that is essential to transact seamlessly. The third value relationship pattern and novel idea presented is the folded value relationship pattern in which participants balance conflicts over socially complex aspects in relation to self and others by meeting narrow micro-level near interaction conditions. This is a more folded, novel strategic game that participants can pick. The key implication for society and organisations is that it presents an alternative approach to dealing with conflict in socially complex value relationships. In essence, with the folded transactional pattern, participants seek to trade up value relationships in relation to self and with others, as opposed to making value relationship trade-offs or sacrifices that lead to either compromises in relation to self or dominance over others. However, the practical managerial implication is truly folded value relationship pattern is not easy to create and is rare.
Umbandela ophambili wophando kwesi sifundo kukuzotywa ngokutsha kwesithathu kwezoqoqosho ngenxa yobukho bezakhi zobuchwepheshe ezinobukrelekrele. Eyona nto ingundoqo yeyokuba kucingelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kobuchwepheshe bokubhala iingxelo mali buya kuyiguqula indlela asebenza ngayo amaqumrhu, ade ayeke ukusebenza ngale ndlela enza ngayo ngoku. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokusasaza iingxelo zogcino mali (ngesiNgesi kusetyenziswa isishunqulelo esithi DLT) akuyongxakana nje yolawulo; kuyingxaki enkulu nekhohlakeleyo. Ngaphaya koko, iinkcazelo ezikhoyo zongeza ukubhideka malunga neyona nto emele ukwenziwa ngabaphathi ngobu buchwepheshe bokusasaza iingxelo zogcino mali. Into efunekayo kukusebenzisa indlela yophando ngokuphicotha amava nokufuna ukuqonda indlela acinga ngayo umntu, ngakumbi kumba omalunga nobuchwepheshe bokusasaza iingxelo zogcino mali. Esi sifundo sivala isikhewu solwazi esikhoyo ngokunika inkcazelo echanekileyo ngalo mbandela wokusasazwa kokuxabiseka kwentsebenziswano yendalo nomntu. Esi sifundo sinceda ekuqondeni iziseko zombandela wokusasazwa kokuxabiseka kwentsebenziswano yendalo nomntu neepatheni zolwalamano lwabathathi nxaxheba kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe bokusasaza iingxelo zogcino mali. Eyona nto ingundoqo efumanisekayo kukuba ubume nepatheni yolu lwalamano iquka intsebenziswano yorhwebo kwaye ifana nomjikelo. Ipatheni ekhethwa ngamaqumrhu amaninzi yileyo yentsebenziswano ephakathi kwesibini. Amaqumrhu afuna tanci ukuba nolawulo kwimiba enzima yezentlalo xa erhwebelana. Noxa kunjalo, ipatheni yokurhwebelana ngezibini isenokudala ukungalingani nokuqhathana ngokuhamba kwexesha. Usabelo kulwalamano lwezibini olungenalingano yiphatheni yorhwebelwano olungabekelwanga mida, apho abathathi nxaxheba bekwazi ukuzithathela izigqibo ekhusini bengazichazi ukuba bangoobani, nto leyo inqanda ukusebenza ekuhleni nokufunekayo ekusebenzisaneni ngaphandle kwamagingxigingxi. Ipatheni yesithathu kwixabiso lolwalamano kulapho ulwalamano lusongiwe, apho abathathi nxaxheba belungelelanisa iingxabano ezingemiba yezentlalo enzima ngokufezekisa iimeko ezilula nezincinane. Oku kufana nomdlalo osongeneyo nolicebo lobulumko onokukhethwa ngabathathi nxaxheba. Okubalulekileyo kukuba le yindlela eyenye enokukhawulelana neengxwabangxwaba eluntwini nakumaqumrhu. Eneneni, kwipatheni yentsebenziswano esongeneyo, abathathi nxaxheba bazama ukutshintsha ulwalamano oluphakathi komntu nabanye, endaweni yokuncama izinto ezithile ezinokukhokelela kwilahleko okanye ekonganyelweni ngabanye. Noxa kunjalo, ipatheni yolwalamano olusongeneyo kulwalamano lwabalawuli ayinto ilula kwaye inqabile.
Udaba olungumgogodla walolu cwaningo wukuguquka kwesithathu kweminotho ngenxa yamandla namakhono obuchwepheshe besimanjemane atholakala ngaphandle kwenhlangano. Ngokuqondileyo, kubhekeke ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwe-distributed ledger technology kusiguqule kakhulu isimo-sakhiwo sezinhlangano kanye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo, kangangukuthi zigcine sezingabonakali neze ukuthi zike zaba kulesi simo-sakhiwo ezikusona njengamanje. Ngakhoke ukusetshenziswa kwe-distributed ledger technology akuyona neze inkinga elula futhi abangayixazulula kalula abaphathi; kepha kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyimpicabadala okungelula nakancane ukuyixazulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izincazelo zemvelo ziyengeza phezu kokudideka okuphathelene nalokho okumele kwenziwe ngabaphathi maqondana ne-distributed ledger technology. Ukuze kudlulelwe ngale kwenqwabanqwaba yezincazelo zemvelo ezikhona kudingeka indlela-kucabanga nendlelakubuka evulekile yokuqonda ulwazi oluphathelene nezimo kanye nezigameko okuhlangatshezwane nazo noma okudlulwe kuzona. Ifenomeloji iyikho kokubili ifilosofi kanye nendlela-kusebenza esetshenzisiwe kulolu cwaningo, okuphonsa umbuzo mayelana nokuthi kuphathelene nani ukuxhumana kanye nokubandakanywa kwabantu emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokubandakanywa okuphathelene ne-distributed ledger technology. Lolu cwaningo luvala igebe lokungabi khona kolwazi ngokuthi lunikeze incazelo enembayo yomongo we-distributed value ecosystem. Ucwaningo luyalekelela futhi lufake isandla ekutholakaleni kokuqonda okuhle nokuhleleke kahle futhi okuyisisekelo komongo we-distributed value ecosystem okungukuthi lokhu kuwuhlobo lwamaphethini obudlelwano obuboniswa ngababambiqhaza maqondana ne-distributed ledger technology. Umphumela osemqoka kakhulu futhi oyiqiniso otholakale ocwaningweni wukuthi ubunjalo kanye nephethini yalobu budlelwano ibandakanya izinhloso zokuzizuzela okuthile futhi okungubudlelwano obusasiyingi. Iphethini encanyelwa yiningi lezinhlangano yi-bounded binary transactional pattern. Izinhlangano zihlose ikakhulukazi ukuba namandla phezu kwezinto ezithile ezinobunkimbinkimbi emphakathini lapho zenza umsebenzi wazo. Kodwa-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi i-bounded binary transactional pattern kungenzeka ibonise ubudlelwano obungenakho ukulingana futhi obuchemile obungenabugugu. Impendulo yokubhekana nobudlelwano obungama-unbalanced binary bounded value relationships yi-unbounded transactional pattern, enikeza ababambiqhaza ukukhululeka nokuzimela okukhudlwana kanye nobumfihlo bokuthi bangazidaluli noma baziveze ukuthi bangobani, kodwa-ke lokhu akubanikezi ukusebenza ngendlela esobala okuyinto edingekayo ekusebenzeni ngaphandle kwezihibe. I-third value relationship pattern kanye nomqondo ophusile owethulwayo yi-folded value relationship pattern lapho ababambiqhaza beqinisekisa ukuthi kunokulingana phakathi kokungqubuzana noma udweshu oluphathelene nezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi emphakathini maqondana nabo uqobo kanye nabanye abantu, ngokuthi bahlangabezane nama-narrow micro-level near-interaction conditions. Lokhu kuwumdladlwana ofongqekile wesimanjemanje futhi okhethekile nosemqoka ongasetshenziswa ngababambiqhaza. Umthelela osemqoka walokhu emphakathini nasezinhlanganweni wukuthi lokhu kuhlinzeka ngendlela ehlukile yokubhekana nokungqubuzana nodweshu kubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi emphakathini. Empeleni, ku-folded transactional pattern, ababambiqhaza bahlose ukuthola okungcono kubudlelwano phakathi kwabo bona uqobo lwabo kanye nabanye abantu esikhundleni sokwakha ubudlelwano lapho izinhlangothi zonke zithola ukushintshisana okulinganayo noma ukuzidela okuthile maqondana nobudlelwano, okuyinto eholela ekutheni kube nokuvumelana phakathi kwezinhlangothi okuhambisana nokuzidela komuntu uqobo lwakhe noma-ke ukukhonya phezu kwabanye. Kodwa-ke umthelela walokho oqondene nabaphathi wukuthi akulula neze ukwakha i-folded value relationship pattern yoqobo futhi lokhu kuyivela kancane.
Business Management
D. Com. (Business Management)

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Beinke, Jan Heinrich. "The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Business Model Innovation". Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-202107285217.

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Fueled by the success of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, blockchain technology has emerged as an interesting and promising technological solution in a variety of industries. However, it remains unclear to what extent blockchain technology possesses the potential to transform existing business models or to enable new business models. So far, scientific studies have been predominantly technologically driven; the economic viability, e.g., in the form of innovative, sustainable business models, as well as the acceptance of blockchain technology have not been sufficiently investigated. This dissertation addresses this research gap and focuses on three domains: The financial sector, the temporary employment industry, and the healthcare sector. To investigate the impact of blockchain technology on business model innovation as well as its impact on existing business models, quantitative and qualitative methods are applied in the form of a mixed-method approach. Within this approach, (acceptance) models, tools, methods, and prototypes are developed. Moreover, recommendations for decision makers are elaborated and central economic, ecological, political, legal, social, and ethical challenges and opportunities of blockchain technology for business models and business model innovations are identified and discussed. The results of this dissertation support economic and political decision makers as well as researchers in the fields of blockchain technology and business model innovation.

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Lopes, Daniel Pinto. "The impact of blockchain on the aviation industry : results from a qualitative analysis". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/100953.

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Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Marketing Intelligence
The aviation industry, well-known for its conservative mindset, is in search of innovative solutions to boost its business. This paper seeks to identify how blockchain, a particular emerging and versatile technology, can impact the aviation industry. Eighteen industry experts contributed to the research and interviews were conducted via phone or on a text basis. The paper analyses the data gathered using a visualizing networks approach through which four central clusters were identified concerning blockchain for the aviation industry. The connection between the terms is presented graphically, and the clusters are discussed individually. Attitude and ideas of the aviation industry towards blockchain are summarised and propositions for future academic research are put forward.

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(9760565), Kolawole Ogunsina. "A Novel Data-Driven Design Paradigm for Airline Disruption Management". Thesis, 2021.

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Airline disruption management traditionally seeks to address three problem dimensions – aircraft scheduling, crew scheduling, and passenger scheduling – in that order. However, current efforts have, at most, only addressed the first two con-currently and do not account for the propagative effects that uncertain scheduling outcomes in one dimension can have on another. Uncertainties in scheduling out-comes originate from random disruption events (like inclement weather and aircraft malfunction), the order in which they occur, and how they are resolved. As such, these uncertainties propagate through all problem dimensions of airline disruption management on day of operation. Existing approaches for airline operations recovery include human specialists who decide on the necessary corrective actions to airline schedule disruptions on the day of operation. However, human specialists are limited in their ability to process copious amounts of information, necessary to make robust decisions that simultaneously address all three problem dimensions in operations recovery. Therefore, there is a need to augment the decision-making capabilities of a human specialist with quantitative and qualitative tools that can rationalize complex interactions amongst the three dimensions in airline operations recovery, and provide objective insights to the specialists in the Airline Operations Control Center (AOCC).To this effect, this dissertation provides a discussion of an agnostic and systematic paradigm for enabling simultaneously-integrated recovery of all problem dimensions in airline disruption management, through an intelligent multi-agent system that employs principles from artificial intelligence and distributed ledger technology.

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Pignatti, Maurício Portieri. "The digital corrency and the challenges beyond the new global world's blockchain paradigm : a financial and tax overview of the virtual currency efficiency". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/44644.

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The Blockchain technology that revolutionized the world was launched in 2008 with the publication of the paper undertitled ‘Bitcoin: A Peer-to-peer Electronic Cash System’, by the enigmatic pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto, which described a version of electronic cash that allowed online payments to be directly made from one party to another. Succeeding the ground-breaking transformation that was carried out, cryptocurrencies commenced to shift the monetary system to a predominantly digital one, more adapted to the reality of a fast, technological, audacious and computerized world, interconnected by the largest and worldwide network ever seen. Behind this ingenious structure comes the concept of Blockchain, Virtual Currencies and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), innovative and high-tech tools of security and storage that aim to reduce mistakes, frauds and costs. Decentralization, transparency and immutability are the three pillars that allow the safekeeping of private relations in order to generate confidence, reduction of finance transaction costs as well as reinforce any and all public relations involved. On the other hand, these revolutionary novelties follow an unregulated social pattern, fostering an unbridled advance by generating vast uncertainties, diversity and asymmetries. In order to reduce its vulnerabilities, these technologies are in most need of a financial and tax regulatory effort to align them under a uniform concept, as well its main characteristics and aptitudes. Beyond the legislative and conceptual approach, the challenges of a digital era and the financial revolution lead the world to innovative methods to solve issues that have arisen. The Blockchain, DLT and Virtual Currencies provide transformation and key answers that might contribute to efficient, scientific and solid solutions in real-time to governmental activities, specially tax administrations. Considering its foremost democratic and accountable features, they can be used in e-identities, personal records, assets inventories, citizenships, border control, tax transparency, financial and tax compliance, and especially smart contracts on public administration. From this perspective, it is key to scrutinize the efficiency of the new world’s Blockchain paradigm in order to verify its utmost reliability prospective.
A tecnologia Blockchain que revolucionou o mundo foi lançada em 2008 com a publicação do artigo intitulado ‘Bitcoin: A Peer-to-peer Electronic Cash System’, pelo enigmático pseudônimo Satoshi Nakamoto, que descreveu uma versão do dinheiro eletrônico que permitia pagamentos online a serem feitos diretamente de uma parte para outra. Sucedendo a transformação inovadora que foi realizada, criptomoedas começaram a mudar o sistema analógico para um predominantemente digital, mais adaptado à realidade de um mundo rápido, tecnológico, audacioso e informatizado, interconectado pela maior e mundial rede já vista. Por detrás desta engenhosa estrutura surge o conceito de Blockchain, Moedas Virtuais e Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), ferramentas inovadoras, de alta tecnologia de segurança e armazenamento que visam reduzir erros, fraudes e custos. Descentralização, transparência e imutabilidade são os três pilares que permitem a salvaguarda das relações privadas, a fim de gerar confiança, reduzir os custos de transação financeira e reforçar todo e qualquer relacionamento público envolvido. Por outro lado, essas inovações revolucionárias seguem um padrão social desregulado, promovendo um avanço desenfreado, gerando vastas incertezas, diversidade e assimetrias. A fim de reduzir suas vulnerabilidades, essas tecnologias estão necessitam de um esforço de regulamentação financeira e tributária para alinhá-las sob um conceito uniforme, assim como suas principais características e aptidões. Além da abordagem legislativa e conceitual, os desafios de uma era digital e da revolução financeira levam o mundo a métodos inovadores para resolver problemas que surgiram. O Blockchain, o DLT e as Moedas Virtuais fornecem transformação e respostas-chave que podem contribuir para soluções eficientes, científicas e sólidas em tempo real para atividades governamentais, especialmente administrações fiscais. Considerando suas principais características democráticas e responsáveis, elas podem ser usadas em identidades eletrônicas, registros pessoais, inventários de ativos, cidadanias, controle de fronteiras, transparência fiscal, conformidade financeira e tributária e, especialmente, smart contracts na administração pública. A partir dessa perspetiva, é fundamental analisar a eficiência do novo paradigma mundial Blockchain para verificar sua máxima prospectiva confiabilidade.

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Nunes, Rui Miguel Monteiro Soares de Oliveira. "O futuro do equity crowdfunding: utilização de tecnologia blockchain para criação de valor em plataformas de financiamento colaborativo de capital". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21831.

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As plataformas de "crowdfunding" são cada vez mais utilizadas como meio de captação de investimento, donativos ou empréstimos para financiar projetos, empresas, organizações e causas. No "equity crowdfunding" o investidor adquire uma participação de uma empresa ou projeto e é remunerado consoante o sucesso deste. É um dos mais complexos, mais interessantes na óptica do investidor, mas também mais arriscado dos vários tipos de "crowdfunding" e como tal tem problemas, também estes complexos, que importa abordar quando se visita o tema. O objetivo desta investigação é apurar se uma tecnologia emergente, a "Distribuited Ledger Technology" ("Blockchain"), pode ajudar a mitigar alguns dos problemas associados às plataformas de "equity crowdfunding" ou mesmo adicionar-lhe funcionalidades e valências, tornando-as mais apelativas para os "fundraisers" e investidores, os dois públicos-alvo destas plataformas. Através do desenho e modelação de uma plataforma de "equity crowdfunding" que utiliza um "ledger" desconcentrado para o registo das transações aí ocorridas, com capacidade para carregar e executar "smart contracts", foi possível constatar que a tecnologia "blockchain" pode criar valor neste tipo de plataforma, podendo mitigar ou mesmo resolver alguns dos problemas associados a este tipo de "crowdfunding".
Crowdfunding platforms are increasingly used as a mean to raise funds, in form of investment, donations or loans to finance projects, companies, organizations or causes. In equity crowdfunding the investor acquires a stake in a company or project, and is rewarded depending on its success. It’s one of the most complex, but also one of the most interesting types of crowdfunding from the investor’s prespective. Because of its complexity, equity crowdfunding has also complex problems and limitations that need to be addressed. The purpose of this investigation is to verify if the Distribuited Ledger Technology (Blockchain), an emerging technology, can mitigate or solve some of the problems and limitations of equity crowdfunding platforms, or even add features, making this type of crowdfunding more appealing to fundraisers and investors. Through the design and modeling of an equity crowdfunding platform that uses a distribuited ledger to record the transactions that occur and with the capacity to load and execute smart contracts, it was possible to verify that blockchain technology can create value in this type of platforms, being able to mitigate or even solve some of the problems associated with equity crowdfunding.

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Augusto, Diane Cristovão. "A (in)compatibilidade entre a Blockchain e o Regulamento Geral da Proteção de Dados". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/33866.

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O presente estudo pretende analisar numa visão geral a compatibilidade entre a Blockchain e o Regulamento Geral da Proteção de Dados, atendendo à regulação da proteção de dados e às características da referida tecnologia. O objetivo do nosso estudo é procurar fornecer uma primeira abordagem à tecnologia Blockchain, como a mesma funciona e quais as suas implicações nos requisitos do Regulamento Geral da Proteção de Dados. Concomitantemente, tentaremos apresentar alguns exemplos práticos de situações em que se compatibiliza à aplicação da tecnologia Blockchain aos princípios e normas do Regulamento Geral da Proteção de Dados.
This report aims to analyze in a general vision the compatibility between Blockchain and The General Data Protection Regulation, taking into account the data protection regulation and the characteristics of the Blockchain technology. The purpose of our study is to provide a first approach of the referred technology and how it works and what are its implications for the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation. Concomitantly, we also present some practical examples of situations where the application of Blockchain technology is compatible with the principles and rules of the General Data Protection Regulation.

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Tesi sul tema "Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)"

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