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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Elasticity of substitution"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 9 giugno 2025

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1

Soper, C. S. "THE ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION." Economic Record 41, no. 96 (June 28, 2008): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1965.tb03100.x.

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2

Nur Adistiya, Tiara, Veriani Aprilia, and Siska Ariftiyana. "Pengaruh substitusi terigu dengan kacang tunggak (Vigna unguiculata L.) dan ikan gabus (Channa striata) terhadap elastisitas dan warna MP-ASI mie basah." Teknologi Pangan : Media Informasi dan Komunikasi Ilmiah Teknologi Pertanian 15, no. 2 (September 30, 2024): 302–10. https://doi.org/10.35891/tp.v15i2.5254.

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Optimal growth and development in the first thousand days of life (1000 HPK) can be achieved by starting complementary feeding (CF) for infants aged 6-23 months to fulfill nutritional needs and prevent nutritional disorders such as stunting. CF noodle products with local food substitutions are cowpea and snakehead fish which are high in protein, soft textured, and without chemical additives for children aged 12-23 months. This study aimed to determine the effect of wheat substitution with cowpea and snakehead fish on the physical properties (water absorption, elasticity, color) in wet noodle CF. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments namely F0 (0%), F1 (20%), F2 (40%), F3 (60%). The parameters analyzed included physical properties of water absorption, elasticity, and color properties (L, a, b). Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA test and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to know the differences in all samples. Statistical test results indicated a significant effect of substituting wheat with cowpea on elasticity and color (L*, a*, b*). The more composite flour added, the elasticity of the wet noodles decreased, and the L* (brightness) tended to be darker, the a* (redness) greener, and the b* (yellowness) yellower. Meanwhile, there was no significant effect on the water absorption of wet noodle CF. Increased substitution of cowpea and snakehead fish flour affected elasticity and color (L* darker, a* greener, b* yellower), although there was no significant effect on the water absorption of wet noodles.

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3

Headley, J. C. "Elasticity of Substitution: Some Confusion." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 30, no. 1 (November 13, 2008): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1982.tb01966.x.

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4

Miyagiwa, Kaz, and Chris Papageorgiou. "Endogenous aggregate elasticity of substitution." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 31, no. 9 (September 2007): 2899–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2006.06.009.

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5

Growiec, Jakub, and Jakub Mućk. "ISOELASTIC ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 24, no. 7 (February 28, 2019): 1597–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100518000950.

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We generalize the normalized constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function by allowing the elasticity of substitution to vary isoelastically with (i) the relative factor share, (ii) the marginal rate of substitution, (iii) the capital–labor ratio, (iv) the capital share, (v) the capital’s rate of return, or (vi) the capital–output ratio. Ensuing isoelastic elasticity of substitution (IEES) functions have intuitively and analytically desirable properties, for example, self-duality. Empirically, for the post-war US economy we robustly reject the CES specification in favor of the IEES alternative. Assuming the IEES production structure we find that the capital–labor elasticity of substitution has remained around 0.8–0.9 from 1948 to the 1980s, followed by a period of secular decline.

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6

Kang, Kichun. "Substitution Elasticity and Gains from Trade Variety in South Korea." Journal of Korea Trade 26, no. 7 (November 30, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35611/jkt.2022.26.7.1.

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7

Palivos, Theodore, and Giannis Karagiannis. "THE ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION AS AN ENGINE OF GROWTH." Macroeconomic Dynamics 14, no. 5 (June 15, 2010): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100509000479.

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This paper characterizes the elasticity of factor substitution in one-sector convex growth models with a general production function. It shows that an elasticity of substitution that is asymptotically greater than unity is a sufficient (but not a necessary) condition for the existence of a lower bound on the marginal product of capital, which in turn can lead to unbounded endogenous growth. Hence, an elasticity of substitution that eventually becomes greater than unity can counteract the role of diminishing returns to capital. This renders factor substitution a powerful engine of growth.

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8

Klump, Rainer, and Anne Jurkat. "MONETARY POLICY, FACTOR SUBSTITUTION, AND CONVERGENCE." Macroeconomic Dynamics 22, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100516000481.

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In this paper, we examine the influence of monetary policy on the speed of convergence in a standard monetary growth model à la Sidrauski allowing for differences in the elasticity of substitution between factors of production. The respective changes in the rate of convergence and its sensitivities to the central model parameters are derived both analytically and numerically. By normalizing the constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production functions both outside the steady state and within the steady state, it is possible to distinguish between an efficiency and a distribution effect of a change in the elasticity of substitution. We show that monetary policy is the more effective, the lower is the elasticity of substitution, and that the impact of monetary policy on the speed of convergence is mainly channeled via the efficiency effect.

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9

Nakamura, Hideki, and Masakatsu Nakamura. "CONSTANT-ELASTICITY-OF-SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTION FUNCTION." Macroeconomic Dynamics 12, no. 5 (November 2008): 694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100508070302.

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We consider endogenous changes of inputs from labor to capital in the production of intermediate goods, i.e., a form of mechanization. We derive complementary relationships between capital accumulation and mechanization by assuming a Cobb–Douglas production function for the production of final goods from intermediate goods. A constant-elasticity-of-substitution production function in which the elasticity of substitution exceeds unity can be endogenously derived as the envelope of Cobb–Douglas production functions when the efficiency of inputs is assumed in a specific form. The difficulty of mechanization represents the elasticity of substitution.

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10

Cheng, Maolin, and Bin Liu. "A novel method for calculating the contribution rates of economic growth factors." AIMS Mathematics 8, no. 8 (2023): 18339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2023932.

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<abstract><p>The common production functions include the Leontief production function, the Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function, the constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function, the variable elasticity of substitution (VES) production function and so on. With different elasticity of substitution of factor, the production functions have different ranges of applications. In the production functions, the C-D production function is used the most widely because of its simple form, while the CES production function and the VES production function have limitations in applications due to their complicated forms. However, the C-D production function has the elasticity of substitution of factors of 1, and the CES production function has the elasticity of substitution of factors which is not 1 but a constant, so the two production functions both have limitations in applications. The VES production function with the variable elasticity of substitution is more practical in some application cases. This paper studies the applications of the VES production function model and gives a method of calculating the contribution rates of economic growth factors scientifically. As for the parameter estimation of the model, this paper gives an improved Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) to enhance the convergence rate and precision. Finally, the paper makes an empirical analysis on the contribution rates of economic growth factors of Shanghai City, China, using the method proposed.</p></abstract>

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11

McManus, Walter S. "Aggregation and “The” Elasticity of Substitution." American Economist 32, no. 2 (October 1988): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943458803200206.

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12

Semieniuk, Gregor. "Piketty’s Elasticity of Substitution: A Critique." Review of Political Economy 29, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2016.1244916.

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13

Blackorby, Charles, Daniel Primont, and R. Robert Russell. "The Morishima gross elasticity of substitution." Journal of Productivity Analysis 28, no. 3 (May 30, 2007): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11123-007-0053-7.

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14

Reynolds, Douglas B. "Entropy and diminishing elasticity of substitution." Resources Policy 25, no. 1 (March 1999): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4207(99)00007-0.

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15

Fazeli Nahrkhalaje, Lila, Ali Raeispour Rajabali, and Mohsen Zayanderody. "Examining the Impact of Trade Fluctuations on the Substitution Elasticity of Selected Goods During Economic Boom." Business, Marketing, and Finance Open 2, no. 1 (2025): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.61838/bmfopen.2.1.4.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of trade fluctuations on the substitution elasticity of selected goods during periods of economic boom. In this research, the Armington elasticity was calculated for 22 selected goods (considering statistical limitations) at the 2-digit, 3-digit, and 4-digit levels of the Standard International Industrial Classification (SIIC). The Armington elasticity essentially measures the sensitivity of the ratio of imported demand to domestic demand for a good in response to changes in the relative price of domestic versus imported goods. Therefore, in this study, using EViews 10 software and a multivariate regression model based on time series data, the Armington elasticity was initially calculated. The results indicate that this elasticity is positive and statistically significant for 16 selected goods. In the next step, using an ARDL regression model, the findings suggest that trade fluctuations have a significant impact on the substitution elasticity of selected goods. Additionally, trade fluctuations positively affect the substitution elasticity of selected goods during economic boom periods. Hence, all research hypotheses were confirmed at a 95% confidence level.

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16

Chaney, Thomas. "Distorted Gravity: The Intensive and Extensive Margins of International Trade." American Economic Review 98, no. 4 (August 1, 2008): 1707–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.4.1707.

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By considering a model with identical firms, Krugman (1980) predicts that a higher elasticity of substitution between goods magnifies the impact of trade barriers on trade flows. In this paper, I introduce firm heterogeneity in a simple model of international trade. I prove that the extensive margin and the intensive margin are affected by the elasticity of substitution in exact opposite directions. When the distribution of productivity across firms is Pareto, the predictions of the Krugman model with representative firms are overturned: the impact of trade barriers on trade flows is dampened by the elasticity of substitution, and not magnified. (JEL F12, F13)

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17

Photphisutthiphong, Nopphawan, and Mark Weder. "CAPITAL–LABOR SUBSTITUTION, SECTOR-SPECIFIC EXTERNALITIES, AND INDETERMINACY." Macroeconomic Dynamics 16, S3 (August 22, 2012): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100510000994.

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This paper examines the effect of the elasticity of technological substitution on the existence of equilibrium indeterminacy in two-sector economies. Following recent empirical evidence, the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor is below unity and we find that this requires a higher degree of productive externalities in order to still be able to produce indeterminate equilibria. However, empirically realistic rates of substitution do not rule out indeterminacy.

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18

GUPTA, ARPIT, and KASHIKA ARORA. "EVALUATING THE ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION BETWEEN CAPITAL AND LABOUR (BOTH SKILLED AND UNSKILLED) IN THE INDIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR." Review of Economic and Business Studies 17, no. 1 (2024): 81–102. https://doi.org/10.47743/rebs-2024-1-0004.

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This study investigates the dynamics of the elasticity of substitution between capital and labour, both skilled and unskilled, across sixteen key industries in India's manufacturing sector. Employing a Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function and utilizing panel data spanning from 2001 to 2017, the research employs panel cointegration techniques to establish a long-term relationship between the variables. The study calculates long-run elasticity through FMOLS and DOLS estimators, revealing that in India's manufacturing sector, the elasticity of substitution between capital and skilled labour is higher compared to that between capital and unskilled labour, as consistently indicated by both estimators. These findings bear significant implications for industry-level resource allocation and labour market policies, suggesting a need for targeted strategies to enhance the integration and efficiency of skilled labour within the manufacturing sector.

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19

Ngoc Thach, Nguyen. "Macroeconomic Growth in Vietnam Transitioned to Market: An Unrestricted VES Framework." Economies 8, no. 3 (July 16, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8030058.

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The Vietnamese economy has increased at high speed over the transformation decades; however, most recent studies on the economic growth of this country used the Cobb-Douglas or CES (Constant Elasticity of Substitution) production functions, which are unable to explore the relationship between the elasticity of capital-labour substitution and development process, and hence, are not relevant to accessing a dynamic economic system. For that reason, this study is conducted to specify an unrestricted VES (Variable Elasticity of Substitution) production function in a one-sector growth model of Vietnam, highlighted by two characteristics: successful transition from plan to market and rapid progress. The VES is given preference over the CES and the Cobb-Douglas having the elasticity of substitution between capital and labour varying with economic development. By employing a Bayesian nonlinear regression through MCMC methods, the study reported the following findings: (1) the above-unity variable elasticity of capital-labour substitution in an aggregate unrestricted VES function specified for Vietnam shows that the model generates the possibility of endogenous economic growth; (2) the capital share tends to increase, while the labour share faces a downward trend along with the development of Vietnam; (3) the VES is empirically proven through a Bayes factor test to be superior to the CES and Cobb-Douglas for analysis of the growth process of Vietnam, an emerging transition economy.

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20

Pommeret, Aude, and Katheline Schubert. "ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION UNDER UNCERTAINTY." Macroeconomic Dynamics 13, no. 4 (September 2009): 493–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100509080201.

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New technology has been credited with solving environmental problems by mitigating the effects of pollutants. We construct a general equilibrium model in which abatement technology is a real option and pollution's (negative) amenity value alters both risk aversion and the intertemporal elasticity of substitution. We derive the tax scheme such that in a decentralized economy agents adopt the abatement technology at the time that is socially optimal. We show that the higher the greenness of preferences, the earlier the adoption and the higher the optimal tax rate. We also obtain that adoption is fostered by uncertainty if the effective intertemporal elasticity of substitution is large enough, but is not affected by uncertainty if this elasticity is low. Moreover, the optimal tax rate, which only exists if the effective intertemporal elasticity of substitution is high, is an increasing function of uncertainty.

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21

Szomolányi, Karol, Martin Lukáčik, and Adriana Lukáčiková. "Estimate of Elasticity of Substitution of Inputs in Slovak Economy." Politická ekonomie 67, no. 6 (January 6, 2020): 611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1253.

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22

Hussain, Sajid, Uzma Nisar, and Waseem Akram. "An Analysis of the Cost Structure of Food Industries in Pakistan: An Application of the Translog Cost Function." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2020.v25.i2.a1.

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Given the importance of food industriesin Pakistan, this studyanalyzestheircost structure by estimating thetranscendental logarithmic cost function. The study also considers elasticity of substitution along with own-price elasticity and cross-price elasticity. Four factor inputs,i.e.,labor, capital, energy,and materials,are used toestimatethe cost function. The results indicate that materialsaccount for the highest share of the cost. The elasticity of substitution of materialsfor capital and energy is also weak. The own-price elasticities indicate that the demand for materialsis least responsive to a change in its own price while the demand for other inputs varies with price. The cross-priceelasticities show that labor, capital and energy are substitutes foreach other. The output elasticity of cost demonstrates the presence of economies of scale.

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23

Bodenstein, Martin. "Trade Elasticity of Substitution and Equilibrium Dynamics." International Finance Discussion Paper 2008, no. 934 (June 2008): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.2008.934.

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24

Burgaard, Johan, and Mogens Steffensen. "Eliciting Risk Preferences and Elasticity of Substitution." Decision Analysis 17, no. 4 (December 2020): 314–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/deca.2020.0415.

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Risk aversion and elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS) are separated via the celebrated recursive utility building on certainty equivalents of indirect utility. Based on an alternative separation method, we formulate a questionnaire for simultaneous and consistent estimation of risk aversion, subjective discount rate, and EIS. From a representative group of 1,153 respondents, we estimate parameters for these preferences and their variability within the population. Risk aversion and the subjective discount rate are found to be in the orders of 2 and 0, respectively, not diverging far away from results from other studies. Our estimate of EIS in the order of 10 is larger than often reported. Background variables like age and income have little predictive power for the three estimates. Only gender has a significant influence on risk aversion in the usually perceived direction that females are more risk-averse than males. Using individual estimates of preference parameters, we find covariance between preferences toward risk and EIS. We present the background reasoning on objectives, the questionnaire, a statistical analysis of the results, and economic interpretations of these, including relations to the literature.

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25

Crossley, Thomas F., and Hamish W. Low. "IS THE ELASTICITY OF INTERTEMPORAL SUBSTITUTION CONSTANT?" Journal of the European Economic Association 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2011): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-4774.2010.01001.x.

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26

Bodenstein, Martin. "Trade elasticity of substitution and equilibrium dynamics." Journal of Economic Theory 145, no. 3 (May 2010): 1033–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2010.01.008.

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27

Blackorby, Charles, and R. Robert Russell. "Elasticity of substitution in a regulated firm." Economics Letters 32, no. 2 (February 1990): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(90)90061-5.

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28

Hansen, Jørgen Drud, Philipp Meinen, and Jørgen Ulff-Møller Nielsen. "Elasticity of substitution and anti-dumping decisions." Review of World Economics 150, no. 4 (July 25, 2014): 787–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-014-0198-1.

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29

Khan, Ashfaque H., and Mohammad Rafiq. "Substitution among Labour, Capital, Imported Raw Materials, and Bank Credit in Pakistan's Manufacturing." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 1259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.1259-1266.

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Abstract (sommario):

In view of its central importance to economic analysis a vast number of studies relating to the production function in its various functional forms has been undertaken during the last three decades in both the developed and the developing countries. Studies pertaining of the developing countries were primarily directed towards finding the degree of substitution between labour and capital. These efforts were ignited by the desire to explain the existence of high rates of unemployment, particularly in the urban areas. It has been argued that the near zero elasticity of substitution between labour and capital has been responsible for the existence of the high rate of unemployment.l On the other hand, higher values for the elasticity of substitution could lead to the substitution of abundant or the faster growing factor of production (labour) for the scarce or slow growing factor (capital). Hence, a knowledge of the value of the elasticity of substitution between labour and capital in the manufacturing sector is essential for understanding the growing unemployment problem in developing countries, including Pakistan.

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Rauch, James E., and Vitor Trindade. "Information, International Substitutability, and Globalization." American Economic Review 93, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 775–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282803322157089.

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Improved information allows home firms to rule out more potential foreign trade partners in advance of attempting to form a match. The increased responsiveness to country wage or goods price differentials resulting from this better first cut causes the general-equilibrium elasticity of substitution between national labor forces or the Armington elasticity of substitution between domestic and imported output to increase. Further results include an increase in the elasticity of domestic labor demand, an increase in the extent to which reductions in conventional trade barriers equalize national wages, and reduced “natural protection” for domestic producers.

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Ravelojaona, Paola. "On constant elasticity of substitution – Constant elasticity of transformation Directional Distance Functions." European Journal of Operational Research 272, no. 2 (January 2019): 780–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.07.020.

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Kaas, Leo, and Leopold von Thadden. "Unemployment, Factor Substitution and Capital Formation." German Economic Review 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 475–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-6485.2003.00090.x.

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Abstract We incorporate a wage-bargaining structure in a dynamic general equilibrium model and show how this feature changes short- and long-run properties of equilibria compared with a perfectly competitive setting.We discuss how employment, capital and income shares respond to wage-setting shocks and show that adjustment dynamics depend decisively on the magnitude of the elasticity of substitution between labour and capital. Values of the elasticity below unity add persistence, tend to preserve stability and lead to empirically plausible adjustment patterns. By contrast, values above unity introduce additional volatility, thereby making steady states potentially unstable.

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Konar, Arup Kanti. "Terminological Inconsistencies of "Elasticity of Substitution," "Substitution Curve," and "Marginal Rate of Substitution": A Correction." Arthshastra : Indian Journal of Economics & Research 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/aijer/2013/v2i3/54517.

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Siddiqui, Aaamir Hussain, Nazish Kiran, and Mirza Aqeel Baig. "Import Substitution Elasticity in Antidumping Measures: A Case Study of Pakistani Firms Behaviour." International Journal of Experiential Learning & Case Studies 9, no. 2 (December 28, 2024): 462–81. https://doi.org/10.22555/ijelcs.v9i2.1230.

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This study explore the factors which influencing the firms to file Anti-Dumping cases in Pakistan with the special focus on Import Substitution elasticity as major factor. The study employs Probit regression approach to estimate the potential factors which induce the firms to approach the authority to impose the anti-dumping measures to counter the unfair trade practice and shelter the domestic industry. The potential factors are, Elasticity of substitution, Real Effective Exchange Rate, Industry competitiveness, Trade liberalization, quality legal system, GDP and total domestic production of commodities against which anti-dumping duty is imposed. The estimation result shows that higher level of elasticity of substitution, Industrial competitiveness level, real effective exchange rate and trade openness would increase the probability of imposing anti-dumping duty. While quality of Legal system, GDP and Higher production level would induce a lesser probability of imposition of anti-dumping duty. This study help to understand the behavior of the local business entities asking for shelter against the import competing products and unfair trade practice like dumping etc. There are very limited studies on the relationship between import substitution elasticity and anti-dumping measure. For developing countries, like Pakistan, this is kind of pioneer study which result are contrary to Developed countries.

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Afriliyanti, Putri, Hendrawan Hendrawan, and Asep Hodijat. "Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Mocaf pada Tepung Terigu terhadap Karakteristik Mie Basah." Jurnal Dimamu 3, no. 1 (December 28, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32627/dimamu.v3i1.834.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate percentage of mocaf flour substitution for the characteristics of the resulting wet noodles. The method used in this study was RAK with five treatments and five groups. The criteria for observations made on wet noodles included testing the water content, swelling power of the noodles, testing the elasticity of the noodles and organoleptik properties (taste, aroma and texture). The results showed that best percentage of mocaf flour substitution, namely treatment B (10%) has the best swelling power, the best elasticity and has the best texture compared to other mocaf flour substitution treatments.

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Wang, Shan, and Keyu Zhang. "Research on the Nested Structure and Substitution Elasticity of China’s Power Energy Sources." Sustainability 17, no. 3 (January 29, 2025): 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031098.

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In alignment with China’s “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” goals, carbon reduction and energy structure transformation are central priorities. As a major emitter, the power industry plays a key role in this transition, and identifying effective pathways for its green energy transformation is essential to driving broader industrial green transformation and ensuring sustainable development. This article calculates the elasticity of substitution between clean and non-clean energy within China’s power sector from 1993 to 2021, employing the kernel density estimation method. By further comparing the goodness-of-fit across various nested structures of clean energy sources, the study identifies the optimal internal nested structure and examines the interactions among its components. The results underscore two key insights: on the one hand, a robust substitutive relationship exists between clean and non-clean energy, with the substitution elasticity of 1.646, exhibiting pronounced regional heterogeneity characterized as “weaker in the east and stronger in the west”; on the other hand, the optimal nested structure of clean energy is identified as (hydropower + nuclear power)—wind power—solar power. In this structure, the elements display a substitutive relationship in the Eastern Region, while in the Western Region, they exhibit a complementary relationship.

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Du, Na, Qianqian Shao, and Ruifa Hu. "Price Elasticity of Production Factors in Beijing’s Picking Gardens." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072160.

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Picking agriculture is a form of leisure agriculture based on the concept of traditional garden. Due to their unique layout and construction style, picking gardens have different attractive elements, including sightseeing, leisure, entertainment, crop production, and crop picking. However, despite its increasing importance, there is no systematic research on price elasticity or price substitution elasticity of production factors in picking gardens. To fill this gap, we surveyed 308 farmers in five districts of Beijing and employed a translog cost function to compare the impact of operation patterns on peach and cherry production cost by estimating elasticities of substitution between and among inputs. We found that own-price elasticity of all input factors was negative, while substitution relationships existed between labor and land, labor and fertilizer, fertilizer and manure, and manure and pesticide. This indicates that Beijing’s agricultural sector is labor intensive, while fertilizer and pesticide are scarcely used.

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De la Cruz Carlos, Maxs B., Wilder E. Jimenez Revilla, and Atilio R. López Carranza. "MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE BY REPLACING FINE AGGREGATE WITH GROUND GLASS AND SAWDUST." International Journal of Innovation in Engineering 4, no. 2 (June 26, 2024): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59615/ijie.4.2.8.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ground glass and sawdust are products that are commonly discarded, causing a negative impact on the environment; however, they can be reused in the construction sector; thus, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete by substituting ground glass and sawdust in proportion to the weight of fine aggregate. A total of 216 concrete samples were prepared for the evaluation of compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity, for which concrete samples formed a control group without any addition, and three experimental groups were formed by samples with substitution of ground glass in percentages of 10%, 20%, and 30%, and sawdust in percentages of 10%, 15%, and 30%. The analyzed results showed that the combination of substitution of 20% ground glass and 10% sawdust improved the mechanical properties of the concrete, increasing its value by 2.65% for compressive strength, 1.68% for flexural strength, and 6.51% for modulus of elasticity, corresponding to the design of f'c= 280 kg/cm². Likewise, there was a 3.18% decrease in the tensile strength test. Based on the above, it is concluded that the substitution of ground glass and sawdust contributes to a minimal improvement in the mechanical properties of the concrete.

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39

Landolsi, Monia, and Kamel Bel Hadj Miled. "Semi-Nonparametric Estimation of Energy Demand in Tunisia." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 14, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.15100.

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In this paper, we have studied the possibilities of substitution between different forms of energy at the sectoral level in Tunisia. Indeed, we estimated a globally flexible functional form of Fourier type using the iterative Zellner’s seemingly unrelated regression (ITSUR). Contrary to several previous studies in the literature, we calculated the price (proper and crossed) and income elasticities, the elasticities of substitution in the sense of Allen, as well as the elasticities of substitution in the sense of Morishima for the period (1980-2017). The results show that price and income elasticities differ from one energy product to another and from one sector to another, depending on the destination (final or intermediate) and the nature of use. Additionally, the findings suggest that energy demand is more sensitive to changes in income rather than changes in price. It is noteworthy that the absolute value of price elasticity is lower than that of income elasticity. Implementing an appropriate pricing policy can help limit the income effect and encourage economic agents to make efforts to save energy. Our results also indicate that any pricing policy aiming to reduce energy consumption must consider the possibilities of substituting between products. Otherwise, this policy may yield results contrary to the intended objectives.

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40

Nazir, Sidra, Nasir Mahmood, and Gulnaz Hameed. "Output and Substitution Elasticities in Pakistan’s Industrial Sectors: Panel Data Analysis." Economics and Finance Letters 9, no. 2 (October 25, 2022): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/29.v9i2.3180.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study performed a panel data analysis of Pakistan’s nine major sub-industries in the years 1980–2019. The primary objective was to conduct a disaggregate analysis of the substitution elasticity of inputs in the different industries, including textile, mining and currying, manufacturing, fuel extraction, electricity, gas, and water supply, using the translog production function. The study used the translog production function to estimate output and substitution elasticities for each sub-industry. Based on the results of the output elasticities, the study concluded that there were negative elasticities for the inputs oil, gas, and labor, except for capital, which had positive elasticity, causing increasing returns to scale for industries. The elasticity of substitution was greater than one and the value was positive, showing that costly energy inputs can and should be replaced with cheaper energy inputs in these industries. For instance, electricity can be replaced with gas, which is cheaper than electricity in Pakistan.

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41

Yankovyi, Volodymyr. "Production function with constant elasticity of substitution resources." Socio-Economic Research Bulletin, no. 3(58) (October 27, 2015): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33987/vsed.3(58).2015.228-234.

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42

Vrankić, Ilko, Mira Krpan, and Tomislav Herceg. "Monopolist’s mark-up and the elasticity of substitution." Croatian Operational Research Review 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17535/crorr.2017.0024.

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43

Marenčák, Michal, and Giang Nghiem. "Elasticity of intertemporal substitution in the euro area." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 229 (January 2025): 106847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106847.

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44

González-Urteaga, Ana, and Gonzalo Rubio. "Estimating the elasticity of intertemporal substitution with leverage." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 41 (July 2017): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2017.03.005.

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45

Brakman, S., and C. J. Jepma. "On the elasticity of substitution in international trade." De Economist 138, no. 1 (March 1990): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01718390.

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46

Irmen, Andreas. "Steady-state growth and the elasticity of substitution." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 35, no. 8 (August 2011): 1215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2011.04.002.

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47

Du, Juan, and Takeshi Yagihashi. "Goods-Time Elasticity of Substitution in Health Production." Health Economics 26, no. 11 (October 16, 2016): 1474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.3446.

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48

McQueen, James RG, and Karen Potter-Witter. "The sawmill industry of the Lake States: a study of productivity, technological change, and factor demand." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 2633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-144.

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Abstract (sommario):

A translog variable cost function of the sawmill industry in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin was estimated using pooled time-series data for the period 1963–1996 with inputs labour, materials, and capital. The estimated model imposed Hicks-neutral technical change and allowed for nonconstant returns to scale as well as nonunitary elasticities of substitution amongst the inputs. Results for the Allen–Uzawa partial elasticity of substitution and the Morishima elasticity of substitution indicate that the three inputs were inelastic substitutes. The own-price elasticities of demand and the cross-price elasticities were all inelastic. The industry exhibits increasing returns to scale and positive technical change. Total factor productivity was increasing by 0.69%/year over the study period.

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49

Liu, Pingkuo, Kailing Guo, and Jiahao Wu. "Research on Alternative Relationship between Chinese Renewable Energy and Imported Coal for China." Sustainability 16, no. 8 (April 19, 2024): 3446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083446.

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Abstract (sommario):

The issue of energy security in the new development paradigm featuring dual circulation has been paid attention to by all sectors, but at present, there are few results from relevant quantitative analyses. With a focus on China’s actual energy trade, this research examines the core elements of energy security in international and Chinese cycles. In this context, the “gravity model” and “Allen substitution elasticity” are optimized and expanded. An integrated assessment methodology is developed as a result of this effort. This methodology consists of an international-cycle trade gravity model and a Chinese-cycle price elasticity model. Additionally, it empirically analyzes the effects of China’s renewable energy substitution from the perspective of the “dual cycles” of energy security, and illustrates the current state of China’s energy security through the analysis of energy substitution relationship data. The results show that Chinese renewable energy does have a buffer effect on imported coal in terms of trade efficiency, scale, and behavior, as well as performance, and the energy trade price has a direct guiding significance for this buffer function, but the enhancement function of economy-driven efficiency is indirect. Furthermore, as far as the absolute price elasticity and net price elasticity are concerned, although Chinese wind power generation is a substitute for imported coal, its price elasticity also confirms that Chinese wind power generation is not a “normal commodity”. Moreover, at present, Chinese photovoltaic power generation shows the attribute of a “normal commodity”, but it has a certain degree of complementarity with imported coal, although this complementarity will weaken in the near future with the trend of changing to substitution.

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50

Aleti, Saketh, and Gal Hochman. "Non-Constant Elasticity of Substitution and Intermittent Renewable Energy." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 49, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 321–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2020.7.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this article, we present a model of the electricity sector where generation technologies are intermittent. The economic value of an electricity generation technology is given by integrating its production profile with the market price of electricity. We use estimates of the consumer's intertemporal elasticity of substitution for electricity consumption while parameterizing the model empirically to numerically calculate the elasticity between renewables and fossil energy. We find that there is a non-constant elasticity of substitution between renewable and fossil energy that depends on prices and intermittency. This suggests that the efficacy and welfare effects of carbon taxes and renewable subsidies vary geographically. Subsidizing research into battery technology and tailoring policy for local energy markets can mitigate these distributional side effects while complementing traditional policies used to promote renewable energy.

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