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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Extinction"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 12 luglio 2025

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Extinction"

1

Cole, Selina R., and Melanie J. Hopkins. "Selectivity and the effect of mass extinctions on disparity and functional ecology." Science Advances 7, no. 19 (May 2021): eabf4072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf4072.

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Selectivity of mass extinctions is thought to play a major role in coupling or decoupling of taxonomic, morphological, and ecological diversity, yet these measures have never been jointly evaluated within a single clade over multiple mass extinctions. We investigate extinction selectivity and changes in taxonomic diversity, morphological disparity, and functional ecology over the ~160-million-year evolutionary history of diplobathrid crinoids (Echinodermata), which spans two mass extinctions. Whereas previous studies documented extinction selectivity for crinoids during background extinction, we find no evidence for selectivity during mass extinctions. Despite no evidence for extinction selectivity, disparity remains strongly correlated with richness over extinction events, contradicting expected patterns of disparity given nonselective extinction. Results indicate that (i) disparity and richness can remain coupled across extinctions even when selective extinction does not occur, (ii) simultaneous decreases in taxonomic diversity and disparity are insufficient evidence for extinction selectivity, and (iii) selectivity differs between background and mass extinction regimes.

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2

Finnegan, Seth, Christian M. Ø. Rasmussen, and David A. T. Harper. "Identifying the most surprising victims of mass extinction events: an example using Late Ordovician brachiopods." Biology Letters 13, no. 9 (September 2017): 20170400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0400.

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Mass extinction events are recognized by increases in extinction rate and magnitude and, often, by changes in the selectivity of extinction. When considering the selective fingerprint of a particular event, not all taxon extinctions are equally informative: some would be expected even under a ‘background’ selectivity regime, whereas others would not and thus require special explanation. When evaluating possible drivers for the extinction event, the latter group is of particular interest. Here, we introduce a simple method for identifying these most surprising victims of extinction events by training models on background extinction intervals and using these models to make per-taxon assessments of ‘expected’ risk during the extinction interval. As an example, we examine brachiopod genus extinctions during the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction and show that extinction of genera in the deep-water ‘ Foliomena fauna’ was particularly unexpected given preceding Late Ordovician extinction patterns.

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3

MORLAN, R. E. "Pleistocene Extinction Reexamined: Quaternary Extinctions." Science 228, no. 4701 (May 17, 1985): 870–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4701.870.

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4

Thackeray, J. Francis. "Rates of extinction in marine invertebrates: further comparison between background and mass extinctions." Paleobiology 16, no. 1 (1990): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300009702.

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Prominent extinction “events” have been recognized from statistical analyses of marine invertebrate genera represented in Mesozoic and Cenozoic assemblages, contrasting with relatively low “background” extinction intensities measured in terms of a “percentage extinction” index. On a logarithmic scale, the slope of the relationship between time and extinction intensity for background extinctions is shown to be parallel to the slope obtained for most extinction events, characterized by intensities 100.35 above prevailing background levels. Although extinction intensities are variable, this study suggests that the magnitude of the factor(s) primarily associated with most mass extinctions in a 260-m.y. period (N = 9) need not necessarily have been very different from one event to another, an exception being the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.

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5

Bush, Andrew M., Steve C. Wang, Jonathan L. Payne, and Noel A. Heim. "A framework for the integrated analysis of the magnitude, selectivity, and biotic effects of extinction and origination." Paleobiology 46, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2019.35.

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AbstractThe taxonomic and ecologic composition of Earth's biota has shifted dramatically through geologic time, with some clades going extinct while others diversified. Here, we derive a metric that quantifies the change in biotic composition due to extinction or origination and show that it equals the product of extinction/origination magnitude and selectivity (variation in magnitude among groups). We also define metrics that describe the extent to which a recovery (1) reinforced or reversed the effects of extinction on biotic composition and (2) changed composition in ways uncorrelated with the extinction. To demonstrate the approach, we analyzed an updated compilation of stratigraphic ranges of marine animal genera. We show that mass extinctions were not more selective than background intervals at the phylum level; rather, they tended to drive greater taxonomic change due to their higher magnitudes. Mass extinctions did not represent a separate class of events with respect to either strength of selectivity or effect. Similar observations apply to origination during recoveries from mass extinctions, and on average, extinction and origination were similarly selective and drove similar amounts of biotic change. Elevated origination during recoveries drove bursts of compositional change that varied considerably in effect. In some cases, origination partially reversed the effects of extinction, returning the biota toward the pre-extinction composition; in others, it reinforced the effects of the extinction, magnifying biotic change. Recoveries were as important as extinction events in shaping the marine biota, and their selectivity deserves systematic study alongside that of extinction.

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6

Raup, David M. "Extinction from a paleontological perspective." European Review 1, no. 3 (July 1993): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700000582.

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Extinction of widespread species is common in evolutionary time (millions of years) but rare in ecological time (hundreds or thousands of years). In the fossil record, there appears to be a smooth continuum between background and mass extinction; and the clustering of extinctions at mass extinctions cannot be explained by the chance coincidence of independent events. Although some extinction is selective, much is apparently random in that survivors have no recognizable superiority over victims. Extinction certainly plays an important role in evolution, but whether it is constructive or destructive has not yet been determined.

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7

Wagler, Ron. "The Anthropocene Mass Extinction: An Emerging Curriculum Theme for Science Educators." American Biology Teacher 73, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2011.73.2.5.

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There have been five past great mass extinctions during the history of Earth. There is an ever-growing consensus within the scientific community that we have entered a sixth mass extinction. Human activities are associated directly or indirectly with nearly every aspect of this extinction. This article presents an overview of the five past great mass extinctions; an overview of the current Anthropocene mass extinction; past and present human activities associated with the current Anthropocene mass extinction; current and future rates of species extinction; and broad science-curriculum topics associated with the current Anthropocene mass extinction that can be used by science educators. These broad topics are organized around the major global, anthropogenic direct drivers of habitat modification, fragmentation, and destruction; overexploitation of species; the spread of invasive species and genes; pollution; and climate change.

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8

Foote, Michael. "Extinction and quiescence in marine animal genera." Paleobiology 33, no. 2 (2007): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/06068.1.

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If last appearances of marine animal genera are taken as reasonable proxies for true extinctions, then there is appreciable global extinction in every stage of the Phanerozoic. If, instead, backsmearing of extinctions by incomplete sampling is explicitly taken into consideration, a different view of extinction emerges, in which the pattern of extinction is much more volatile and in which quiescent time spans—with little or no global extinction for several million years—are punctuated by major extinction events that are even more extreme than is generally thought. Independent support for this alternative view comes from analysis of genus occurrence data in the Paleobiology Database, which agrees with previous estimates of sampling probability and implies that offsets between extinction and last appearance of one or more stages are quite probable.

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9

Mankun, Liu. "Narrating Extinctions for Survivance." Environmental Humanities 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2024): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-11150155.

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Abstract This article navigates the obligatory relationship between extinction narratives and future imaginaries through the lens of an artist’s films. Taking Chinese artist Mao Chenyu’s works as case studies, the first part examines the notion of extinction that his video essay Becoming Father (2021) complicates through the perspective of rice (Oryza sativa) and humans in Dongting Lake. It reveals adaptive evolution, hetero-reproduction, and geontopower as three political regimes where extinctive pressures accumulate through the erosion of biocultural inheritability. The second part engages with this tripartite politics by questing for alternative models of inheritance from Mao’s ethnographic films. It centers on how the artist invests in shamanist, geomantic, and animist practices to envision alternative modes of inheritance. Based on this, the article argues that the conception of extinction beyond mass death demands counterextinction measures to aim for more than survival. This volition can be summarized by the term survivance, an ethical way of living in end-times. It concludes by contextualizing Mao’s work in post–Green Revolution China, where a logic of survival has driven mass extinction. On this basis, it proposes that extinction studies could benefit from cultivating a historical consciousness, especially regarding how extinctions are connected to the ideological underpinning of specific Anthropocene processes.

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10

Raup, David M. "Large-body impact and extinction in the Phanerozoic." Paleobiology 18, no. 1 (1992): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012227.

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The kill curve for Phanerozoic marine species is used to investigate large-body impact as a cause of species extinction. Current estimates of Phanerozoic impact rates are combined with the kill curve to produce an impact-kill curve, which predicts extinction levels from crater diameter, on the working assumption that impacts are responsible for all “pulsed” extinctions. By definition, pulsed extinction includes the approximately 60% of Phanerozoic extinctions that occurred in short-lived events having extinction rates greater than 5%. The resulting impact-kill curve is credible, thus justifying more thorough testing of the impact-extinction hypothesis. Such testing is possible but requires an exhaustive analysis of radiometric dating of Phanerozoic impact events.

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Tesi sul tema "Extinction"

1

Breazeale, Dorothy Elizabeth. "Extinction Events." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1427876606.

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2

Powell, Eileen A. "Extinction of experience." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181666217/.

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3

Plendl, Wolfgang. "Extinction learning in mice." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-121216.

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4

Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova, and S. O. Gordienko. "The extinction of species." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17567.

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Massive extinctions have occurred five times during the earth's history, the last one was the extinction of the dinosaurs, 65 million years ago. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17567

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5

Vurbic, Drina. "Mechanisms of Secondary Extinction." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2010. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/237.

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Pavlov (1927) first reported that following appetitive conditioning of multiple stimuli, extinction of one CS attenuated responding to others which had not undergone direct extinction. Four experiments with rat subjects investigated potential mechanisms of this secondary extinction effect. Experiment 1 assessed whether secondary extinction would be more likely to occur with target CSs that have themselves undergone some prior extinction. Two CSs were initially paired with shock. One CS was subsequently extinguished before the second CS was tested. The target CS was partially extinguished for half the rats and not extinguished CS for the other half. A robust secondary extinction effect was obtained with the non-extinguished target CS. Experiment 2 investigated whether secondary extinction occurs if the target CS is tested outside the context where the first CS is extinguished. Despite the context switch secondary extinction was observed. Extinction of one CS was also found to thwart renewal of suppression to a second CS when it was tested in a neutral context. Experiment 3 examined whether secondary extinction can be attributed to mediated generalization caused by association of the CSs with a common US during conditioning. Rats received conditioning with three CSs and then extinction with one of them. Secondary extinction was observed with a shock-associated CS when the extinguished CS had been associated with either food pellets or shock, suggesting that secondary extinction is not US-specific and is thus not explained by this mediated generalization mechanism. Experiment 4 examined whether intermixing trials with the two stimuli during conditioning is necessary for secondary extinction to occur. Rats were either conditioned with intermixed trials as in Experiments 1-3, or with blocked trials of each CS presented in conditioning sessions separated by a day. Secondary extinction was observed only in the former condition. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that CSs must be associated with a common temporal context for secondary extinction to occur.

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Winer, Daniel H. "The development and meaning of firefighting, 1650-1850." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 351 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1833647391&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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7

Barnard, Linda L. "The Effects of Conditioned Reinforcers on Extinction When Delivered on Schedules of Extinction." DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5985.

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The purpose of the present research was to examine extinction of responding with regard to the rapidity and thoroughness of the process when conditioned reinforcement was available on one of five schedules during extinction. Forty-five mixed-breed pigeons served as subjects with 15 in each of three experiments. Reinforcement training schedules were as follows: Experiment 1, continuous; Experiment 2, fixed ratio 15; Experiment 3, variable-interval one-minute. After training, subjects experienced one of five extinction procedures (here called schedules of extinction) which were as follows: traditional schedule without keylight did not provide conditioned reinforcement; traditional with keylight had the keylight on continuously but withheld other conditioned reinforcement (no schedule, per se, was used); the remaining three schedules (i.e., continuous, fixed ratio 15, and variable-interval one-minute) provided the following four conditioned reinforcers: the sound of the food magazine, the hopper light, the sight of food, and the keylight. Predictions for responding were based on the discrimination hypothesis which states that the more alike training and extinction conditions are, the slower the process of extinction. In order to compare response rates among subjects, a percentage of baseline responding was computed. Four spontaneous recovery tests were conducted to measure the thoroughness of the extinction procedures. Results did not support predictions based on the discrimination hypothesis; that is, subject response rates did not appear to be affected by the similarity of the extinction condition to previous training history. The second finding was that the most rapid and thorough extinction was obtained when the extinction schedule was traditional without keylight. When conditioned reinforcement was available, the continuous extinction schedule produced the most rapid and thorough extinction. The third major finding was that the schedule of unconditioned reinforcement was more predictive of extinction responding than was the conditioned reinforcement schedule during extinction. The last finding was that a subject's pattern of responding was typical of the schedule whether it was on an unconditioned or a conditioned reinforcement schedule. It is suggested that extinction-of-a-human-intervention strategies might be more effective if conditioned reinforcement was identified and controlled.

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8

Gabriele, Amanda. "Multiple memory systems and extinction." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2384.

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Several lines of evidence suggest that initial acquisition of learned behavior involves multiple memory systems. In particular, lesions of the hippocampus impair the acquisition of cognitive or relational memory, but do not impair the acquisition of stimulus-response habits. Extinction behavior also involves new learning, and therefore it is possible that multiple forms of memory may also underlie extinction. We examined this hypothesis by training rats in a task in which extinction behavior could putatively be acquired by either a cognitive or habit memory system. Adult male Long-Evans rats were initially trained to run in a straight alley maze for food reward. Following training they were placed into one of two extinction conditions. In one condition rats were allowed to run to an empty goal box (i.e. response extinction). In a second condition rats were placed into an empty goal box without making a running response (i.e. latent or non-response extinction). Prior to each daily session of extinction training, rats received intra-hippocampal infusions of either the local anesthetic bupivacaine (0.75% solution/0.5 ul), or saline. Rats receiving saline infusions displayed extinction behavior in both the response and non-response conditions. In contrast, rats receiving intra-hippocampal infusions ofbupivacaine extinguished normally in the response condition, but did not display nonresponse extinction. This latent extinction effect was enhanced by decreasing the amount of time between the last extinction trial and the probe trial. Additionally, administering extinction training and probe trials in different contexts did not appear to prevent latent extinction, however large variability may be masking this effect. The new context administered during extinction prevented latent extinction in some animals, but not others. These findings suggest that, similar to initial acquisition, the learning that occurs during extinction also involves multiple memory systems. Specifically, the hippocampus may selectively mediate extinction under conditions in which new stimulus-response learning is prevented.

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Kurosoy, Ersel. "Opposed jets, flames and extinction." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402177.

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Reed, Melissa. "Computer modelling of mammoth extinction." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297314.

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Libri sul tema "Extinction"

1

Davis, Carol Anne. Extinction. Sutton, Surrey, England: Crème de la Crime, 2011.

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2

Stanley, Steven M. Extinction. New York: Scientific American Library, 1987.

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3

Bernhard, Thomas. Extinction. London: Quartet Books, 1995.

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4

Smedman, Lisa. Extinction. Renton, WA: Wizards of the Coast, 2004.

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5

Bernhard, Thomas. Extinction. New York: Vintage International, 2011.

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6

Molles, D. J. Extinction. London: Orbit, 2015.

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7

1963-, Barbaste Christine, ed. Extinction. Paris: Fleuve noir, 2015.

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8

Linny, Stovall, ed. Extinction. Hillsboro, Or: Blue Heron Pub., 1992.

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9

Newman, M. E. J. Modeling extinction. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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10

Barnosky, Anthony D. Dodging Extinction. University of California Press, 2014.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Extinction"

1

MacPhee, Ross D. E. "Extinction." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 307–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_128.

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2

Marshall, L. G. "Extinction." In Analytical Biogeography, 219–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1199-4_10.

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Marshall, L. G. "Extinction." In Analytical Biogeography, 219–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0435-4_8.

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4

Kaplan, Richard F. "Extinction." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1002–3. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1300.

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5

Kaplan, Richard F. "Extinction." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1300-2.

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6

Khandker, Wahida. "Extinction." In Process Metaphysics and Mutative Life, 169–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43048-1_7.

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7

Kaplan, Richard F. "Extinction." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1369–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1300.

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8

Ellenbroek, Bart, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Martina de Zwaan, Sarah Parylak, Pietro Cottone, Eric P. Zorrilla, et al. "Extinction." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 521–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_1434.

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van der Kruit, Pieter C. "Extinction." In Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn, 383–428. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10876-6_11.

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Phelps, Brady I. "Extinction." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 625–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_1072.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Extinction"

1

Smith, J. A., M. D. Dawson, and M. J. Strain. "High extinction tuneable filters at visible wavelengths." In 2024 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC), 1–2. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ipc60965.2024.10799889.

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2

Zhang, Qingguo, Santosh J. Shanbhogue, and Tim Lieuwen. "Dynamics of Premixed H2/CH4 Flames Under Near-Blowoff Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59981.

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Swirling flows are widely used in industrial burners and gas turbine combustors for flame stabilization. Several prior studies have shown that these flames exhibit complex dynamics under near-blowoff conditions, associated with local flamelet extinction and alteration in the vortex breakdown flow structure. These extinction events are apparently due to the local strain rate irregularly oscillating above and below the extinction strain rate values near the attachment point. In this work, global, temporally resolved and detailed spatial measurements were obtained of hydrogen/methane flames. Supporting calculations of extinction strain rates were also performed using detailed kinetics. It is shown that flames become unsteady (or local extinctions happen) at a nearly constant extinction strain rate for different hydrogen/methane mixtures. Based upon analysis of these results, it is suggested that classic Damkohler number correlations of blowoff are, in fact, correlations for the onset of local-extinction events, not blowoff itself. Corresponding Mie scattering imaging of near-blowoff flames also was used to characterize the spatio-temporal dynamics of holes along the flame that are associated with local extinction.

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Archer, Avery. "The Mu2e Experiment: Target Extinction Monitor." In The Mu2e Experiment: Target Extinction Monitor. US DOE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1827396.

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4

Grund, C. J., and E. W. Eloranta. "Optically Significant Cirrus Clouds may be Rendered "Invisible" to Space-borne Simple Lidar Systems." In Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.mc10.

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Recently, there has been much discussion among lidar researchers concerning the infinite solution set of extinction profiles which can be produced from a given simple-lidar backscatter profile1. This ambiguity is caused by the measured backscatter signal dependence on both the backscatter cross section and on the profile of extinction. Simple lidar systems produce only one measurement from which to deduce these two range-dependent parameters. Thus, simple lidar measurements must be augmented by additional measurements or knowledge of the physical relationship between backscatter and extinction before meaningful profiles of extinction can be produced. One simple lidar retrieval method assumes independent knowledge of extinction at at least one range and an assumed relationship between the backscatter cross section and extinction2. A second method seeks a common solution to several simple lidar profiles produced by observations at different viewing angles3,4,6.

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Bibian, Alexis, and Steven Boi. "Mu2e - Extinction Monitor Research & Development." In Mu2e - Extinction Monitor Research & Development. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2246926.

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Andrews, Gordon E., N. T. Ahmed, Roth Phylaktou, and Phil King. "Weak Extinction in Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59830.

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Well mixed low NOx gas turbines are limited, in the operational range of the low NOx mode, by the weak extinction and CO limits of the flame stabiliser used. The operational range of the combustor in the &lt;10ppm low NOx mode is set by the range of equivalence ratios over which ultra low NOx without acoustic resonance can be achieved. This paper reviews the available data on weak extinction in well mixed low NOx combustion systems and presents some new data. Atmospheric pressure weak extinction data is shown to be similar to weak extinction at pressure for similar stabiliser designs and reference velocities. For low NOx gas turbine combustion it is demonstrated that all the best weak extinctions are identical to the lean flammability limit for laminar flames. Weak extinction is where the flow velocity exceeds the turbulent burning velocity and data on weak extinction is used as a measure of the mean turbulent burning velocity and shown to correlate with turbulent burning velocity data and theories. Methods of predicting the peak turbulence generated downstream of a flame stabiliser are outlined, based on grid plate measurements of turbulence and pressure loss. It is shown that a wide range of premixed flame stabilisers including swirling and non-swirling flame stabilisers have a weak extinction that can be predicted using this method.

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Gautron, Pascal, Cyril Delalandre, and Jean-Eudes Marvie. "Extinction transmittance maps." In SIGGRAPH Asia 2011 Sketches. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2077378.2077387.

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8

Hu, Shengteng, Robert Pitz, and Yu Wang. "Extinction and Near-Extinction Instability of Non-Premixed Tubular Flames." In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-177.

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9

Wang, Haochen, Clara E. Habermeier, Zoey R. Werbin, John D. Wojciehowski, Noel A. Heim, Seth Finnegan, Jonathan L. Payne, and Steve C. Wang. "ARE WE ENTERING A SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION? AGE SELECTIVITY OF MODERN EXTINCTIONS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-323991.

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10

Brombacher, Anieke, Elizabeth Sibert, Evan Cheng, Susan Butts, and Pincelli M. Hull. "EXTINCTION THROUGH TIME AND SPACE: A MULTIVARIATE FRAMEWORK FOR EXTINCTION RISK." In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-394542.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Extinction"

1

Narvaez, Liliana, Zita Sebesvari, and Jack O'Connor. Technical Report: Accelerating extinctions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/zqfy4171.

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Abstract (sommario):

Extinction often proceeds slowly over thousands to millions of years, but through intense human activities, we have put our foot on the extinction accelerator. The current rate of species extinction is at least tens to hundreds of times higher than natural background rates due to human with drastic consequences for all life on our planet. Recent studies also suggest that extinctions could cascade through ecological dependencies between species in an ecosystem, setting off waves of secondary extinctions and amplifying the effects of environmental degradation. As ecosystems are built on intricate networks of connections between different species, the real impact of extinction may be much greater than we realize. This technical background report for the 2023 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the accelerating extinctions risk tipping point our world is facing through an analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.

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2

Taylor, M. Scott, and Rolf Weder. On the Economics of Extinction and Mass Extinctions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31952.

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3

Azoulay, Pierre, Joshua S. Graff Zivin, and Jialan Wang. Superstar Extinction. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14577.

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4

Larsen, Trond, and Madhu Rao. Ecological Consequences of Extinctions. American Museum of Natural History, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0115.

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Abstract (sommario):

Extinction may be a natural process, but due to human activities, it is currently proceeding at an artificially accelerated rate. Field experiments and observations demonstrate that species extinctions may have broad consequences including related extinctions, loss of ecosystem functions, and disease. This module provides an overview of the patterns and consequences of biodiversity loss, with a review of key concepts and groups such as keystone species and tropic interactions.

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5

Pitt, Josh, ed. Extinction on our plates. Monash University, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/42f4-f24c.

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6

Phillips, Sara, ed. Special Report: Stemming species extinction. Monash University, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/53fc-9cb7.

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7

Archer, Avery. Mu2e Experiment: The Target Extinction Monitor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1462085.

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8

Melchin, M. J., and C. E. Mitchell. Late Ordovician Extinction in the Graptoloidea. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132184.

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9

Kyla Richards, Kyla Richards. Could Hawaii seagrasses be facing extinction? Experiment, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/26159.

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10

Loehle, C. Habitat destruction and the extinction debt revisited. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/211290.

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