Tesi sul tema "Fastighetsmarknad"
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Axelsson, Carl. "Fastighetsbolags investeringsstrategier: En studie på Öresunds kommersiella fastighetsmarknad". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23771.
Testo completoThe purpose of this study is to examine whether companies on the Oresund commercial real estate market stay true to their intended strategies. Wihlborgs, Vasakronan and Klövern have been selected for the study as they together have a considerable amount of market shares in the Oresund commercial real estate market. The study emphasis on whether daily processes affect the companies and whether they mimic each other, so called horde behavior. The study has been carried out with a qualitative method in order to observe any changes in the companies’ strategies and activities in depth. The companies’ strategies for their ownership, acquisition and disposal of properties have been studied. In addition has an in depth examination of the companies real estate transactions been made. This, in order to form an estimation on where the companies in practice have acquired and disposed properties. The information has been retrieved from annual financial reports, press releases and news articles.The strategies and the information regarding the transactions have been supplemented with qualitative interviews with transaction- and investment managers from the three companies. The theoretical framework is characterized by strategic theory and cluster theory with an overall support from behavioral finance. The question at issue is tested towards the theoretical areas and whether the companies follow their intended strategy and possible motives behind this. The companies are not affected to a great extent by micro processes and instincts. Wihlborgs, Klövern and Vasakronan follow their plans in numerous ways. A majority of the acquisitions take place in selected submarkets. The benefits of the selected submarkets are described as more efficient management, rental, coordination of tenants and an increased customer attractiveness. During the studied period, the companies only invested in the selected submarkets, but disposed of some strategic properties. Two of the respondents respondents point out that strategically sutiable real estate can be disposed of if the market bids higher than the companies have valued the property. There are however difficulties regarding the conclusion if the companies mimic each other. This is due to much of the information is kept internally.
Gustafsson, Rydell Robin, e Alexander Hult. "Blockchain: fundamentet i en ny fastighetsmarknad? : En studie om digitala identiteter och tokens som verktyg för en likvid och transparent fastighetsmarknad". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254809.
Testo completoReal estate is defined as a relatively illiquid asset, with a rather opaque and inaccessible flowof information. The result is long and costly acquisition and divestment processes, in whichinformational asymmetries is to be erased during the due diligence process. Real estate is thuscharacterized by a partially unwanted inefficiency caused by traditional and conservativeprocesses. However, in a time of rapid and extensive technological change, we seem to find anever-increasing amount of creative solutions to problems we previously could not manage.Among these alleged solutions we find blockchain, which by many has been identified as meanto improve both liquidity and transparency in real estate as an asset class. More specifically, thetopics of discussions have been digital identities and tokenization of real estate. Two termspossessing the potential to create standardized information management and fragmentedownership, which would enable instantaneous trade. These terms remain rather unchartedterritory and hence constitutes the subject of this study. The aim of this study is therefore todepict how the liquidity and transparency problems may be redressed by a fragmented andtransparent ownership structure placed on blockchain.The academic anchoring of the study is grounded in an extensive literature study aimed to definethe terms liquidity and transparency, but also define the meaning of due diligence andblockchain technology as a whole. The results were gathered through qualitative studies, inwhich semi-structured interviews constituted the instrument from which the information wascollected. The study identified liquidity and transparency as two cornerstones of a functioningand effective market. The evident problems related to liquidity and transparency in real estate,are to a great extent expressed via slow paced due diligence processes and non-disclosed rentalinformation. The study may be concluded as a broadly agreed upon view on the potential ofboth tokenization of real estate, as well as digital identities as effective means to enhanceliquidity and transparency. The respondents did however emphasize the current uncertaintyregarding blockchain as a severe hindrance for having enough confidence to whole-heartedly embrace the technology as a key element of the real estate market. With this being said, theydo not doubt its potential, rather inquiring an increased number of applied and successful usecases accompanied by a distinct regulatory framework for the conducting a transaction in thenew market environment. This would be an essential factor to instill the level of trust intransacting that investors require.
Wennström, Anders. "Beställarrollen inom en lokal fastighetsmarknad : beslutsfaktorer vid initiering av ett byggprojekt /". Luleå, 2004. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2004/15.
Testo completoMovin, Marcus, e Elin Nilsson. "Trelleborgs fastighetsmarknad - Utifrån tre olika aktörers framtidsperspektiv med hänsyn till tågförbindelser". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21900.
Testo completoCarl, Hane, e Nihlås Adam. "Existerar en ökad efterfrågan för hållbart byggda bostäder på dagens fastighetsmarknad?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45883.
Testo completoFalcone, Nicole, e Cecilia Jerrewing. "Branch- och företagsanalys av kommersiella fastighetsbolag". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-710.
Testo completoPersson, Andreas, e Carl Philip Sandberg. "En ny finans- och fastighetskris i antågande? : En komparativ analys av 1980-talet och 2000-talet". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5585.
Testo completoBakgrund: Under hösten 2005 innehöll dagstidningarna i allt högre grad artiklar som uttryckte oro inför de eskalerande fastighetspriserna, främst de ökande priserna på bostäder. Det förekom argument såväl för som emot påståendet att det skulle råda en fastighetsbubbla i Sverige. Frågan huruvida det rörde sig om en fastighetsbubbla samt vetskapen om den djupa finansiella kris som fastighetsbubblan ledde till på 1990-talet väckte vår undran ifall paralleller mellan år 2005 och finans – och Fastighetskrisen på 1990-talet gick att dra.
Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att med hjälp av perioden som föregick den svenska finans- och fastighetskrisen (1991-1994) Undersöka risken för huruvida en ny fastighetskris, och i förlängningen en bankkris, kan inträffa på 2000-talet.
Genomförande: En intervju vid Finansinspektionen samt insamlande av kvantitativ data från främst Riksbanken, Finansinspektionen och Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB).
Resultat: Genom att se på de likheter och skillnader som fanns mellan tidigt 1990-tal och 2005 kom vi fram till att de allra Flesta mätbara faktorer pekade på att finans- och fastighetsmarknadens aktörer vid utgången av år 2005 var betydligt bättre förberedda på oförutsedda händelser än vad de var vid tiden som föregick finans- och fastighetskrisen
Background: During the autumn of 2005 the Swedish newspapers to a great extent contained articles which expressed concern about the rising real estate prices, and mainly the rising dwelling prices. Arguments for, as well as against the statement that a real estate bubble was prevailing in Sweden were to be found. The question whether this could be a real estate bubble or not, and the knowledge about the deep financial crisis that the real estate bubble back in the early 1990s led to, made us curious about how much the situation 2005 resembled the situation back in the early 1990s.
Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is by looking at the period preceding the Swedish finance- and real estate crisis (1991-1994), to examine the risk of whether a new real estate crisis, and in continuation a bank crisis, could happen again.
Procedure: One interview with Finansinspektionen and collecting of quantitative data mainly from Riksbanken, Finansinspektionen and SCB.
Result: By looking at similarities and differences between the early 1990s and 2005 we found out that most measurable factors indicated that most participants on the real estate- and financial market were better prepared for unpredictable incidents 2005 than they were during the time preceding the real estate – and financial crisis.
Eklöf, Miriam. "Berlins fastighetsmarknad igår, idag och imorgon - Historik och aktuella mediabilder av prisutveckling, attraktivitet och gentrifiering". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21385.
Testo completoThis bachelor thesis discovers which development tendencies that can be found for the future of the real estate market in Berlin. To be able to find answers to the questions for the thesis, ten articles both from international and German magazines and newspapers have been chosen and analyzed. The questions that are explored in the thesis are: Which categories of buyers invests in Berlin today? Which parts of the city are considered attractive for investments today and why? How have they developed since the unification? How does media illustrate the change of the real estate market in Berlin, and which tendencies can be found for the future development? A thematic content analysis has been made, and a couple of interesting themes has been found and discussed: Increasing property prices, Gentrification, Is there a bubble on the real estate market? and Re-definition of the meaning of luxury homes. The discussion relates these themes to the historic development of the real estate market in Berlin; what heritage the real estate market the city has been given from the historic happenings, and what prognosis media indicates for the future development of the real estate market in Berlin. Differences and similarities in the content between the international and the German articles are also discussed. The depiction that emerges, is that in the future, international real estate owners might dominate in the central parts of Berlin, whilst German real estate owners dominate in the outskirts of the city. Furthermore, tendencies for further increasing property prices has been discerned, and both commercial and private buyers are found to invest in real estate in the city. The reasons for the investments vary. New, trendy areas will continue to transform through gentrification processes. An example of an area like this is Neukölln that in the future might be able to provide homes in a higher price range; a development that may speed up the gentrification process in these areas. In the international articles, the real estate market of Berlin is presented in an almost selling way, which can make an impact on new potential buyers. This presentation differs a bit from the German articles, where focus lies both on the possibilities that comes with the increasing prices, but also on the problems that has occurred and might develop in the future.
Almgren, My, e Charlotte Mörkeberg. "Dagens kommersiella fastighetsmarknad : En studie av branschen och dess riskfaktorers påverkan på delmarknaderna kontor och butik i Stockholm CBD". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231813.
Testo completoThe rental market for commercial properties in Stockholm CBD has been characterized by high demand, weak growth in supply and a robust development of rental revenues due to Sweden’s stable GDP growth in recent years. Yields and interest rates are historically low. Low interest rates have contributed to attracting capital to property since alternatives are few in a low-interest rate environment. This combined with property owners’ expectations of increased rental revenues has resulted in an accelerated increase in the value of commercial properties and lower yields. There are signs today that the growth in rental revenues and the increase in property values have reached their peaks, and that we will soon see stagnation or even a downward trend in the market. Taken together, a long period of growth, unusually low interest rates, and political developments has created uncertainty in the market, given that the real estate market is sensitive to changes in business cycles and interest rates. Despite being aware of a future slow-down, with lower growth, increased vacancies, and therefore, lower rental revenues, market actors paradoxically still have positive expectations of continuing favourable developments on the market, albeit at a slower pace. Several threats to the current property market can be identified. Increased interest rate costs constitute a risk for real estate companies. For example, the proposed legislation to reduce the possibilities of interest deductions will have a negative impact on profits. Moreover, a raise in long-term interest rates would have a severe impact on the market. Consequently, it would be wise to lower loan-to-value ratios, and to diversify sources of capital. An additional uncertainty is increased digitalization and competition from e-commerce, which affect both the demands and requirements that tenants may have. In the future, we may expect considerable changes in the design of spaces for both retail properties and offices. Furthermore, the high rents that may be observed on today’s retail and office rental market in Stockholm CBD could result in tenants choosing to relocate to nearby suburbs or other cities. Real estate companies must therefore constantly have a flexible and long-term strategy in order to meet changes in demand and detect market changes at an early stage.
Wong, Nina. "Five development areas in Stockholm - factors that influenced the development and similarities between them". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-156074.
Testo completoDen här studien undersöker fem olika utvecklingsområden i Stockholm, faktorer som påverkat utvecklingen och samband mellan dem. Begreppet "Trendlinjen 5S" myntas och innefattar Stockholm City, Stockholm Odenplan, Solna, Sollentuna och Sigtuna. Resultatet pekar på många likheter områdena emellan och de mest centrala faktorerna är närheten till flygplats, kommunikationsförbindelser och större nybyggnadsprojekt. Andra faktorer som inte varit lika mätbara, men dock minst lika viktiga, har varit attraktiviteten av området, viljan att bostätta sig där, närhet och tillgänglighet till service såsom mataffär, shopping, kultur o.s.v. och även "liv och rörelse". Tidigare forskning har belyst vikten av en hållbar utveckling och koncept såsom "The Creative Class" och "Smart City" är satsningar för att påskynda den processen genom kreativt tänkande och ny informationsteknologi. Fenomenet med den så kallade trendlinjen skulle möjligen kunna påträffas vid studier av andra områden i världen och därmed också kunna fungera som beslutstödsystem för flera intressenter på fastighetsmarknaden.
Cicek, Fredrik. "Is there a problem with distortion of competition in the real estate brokery industry?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192287.
Testo completoUtgångspunkten i detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka konkurrenssituationen på fastighetsmäklarmarknaden med fokus på begränsningar av konkurrensen som kan orsakas av bland annat bankstyrda mäklarföretag. I detta arbeta har det inte klarlagts att det råder en märkbar begränsning av konkurrenssituationen orsakat av bankstyrda mäklarföretag idag, däremot kan vi konstatera att om ägandet koncentreras ytterligare av de större äklarfirmorna så ökar risken för en begränsning av konkurrenssituationen. Konkurrenssituationen upplevdes som relativ hanterbar av intervjuade mäklare i branschen idag, men den uppfattningen kan lätt ändras då konkurrensförutsättningarna ändras orsakat av bland annat politiska beslut såsom amorteringskrav, förändrat ränteläge, turbulens i den globala ekonomin osv.
Wabineno, Oryema Lilian Mono. "A Real Property Register to Support the Property and Credit Market in Uganda". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fastighetsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183474.
Testo completoEffektiva fastighets- och kreditmarknader kan användas av en regering i ett land för att stödja sina medborgare att uppnå en hållbar utveckling. För att förbättra fastighet- och kreditmarknaderna måste regeringen se till att landets fastighetsregister innehåller information som är till nytta för aktörerna i både fastighets- och kreditmarknaderna. Studier har visat att det befintliga fastighetsregistret i Uganda har brister som inverkar negativt på fastighets- och kreditmarknaderna. Ugandas regering har försök att lösa dessa problem och en av de senaste insatserna inkluderar digitalisering av fastighetsregistret. Däremot har frågan om registrets informationsinnehåll, och dess ändamålsenlighet för fastighets- och kreditmarknaderna, inte rönt någon större uppmärksamhet. Av dessa skäl har detta forskningsprojekt närmare undersökt informationsinnehållet i fastighetsregistret i relation till de behov som fastighets- och kreditmarknaderna i Uganda uppvisar. Det främsta syftet med forskningen var att utveckla en modell för ett fastighetsregister som kan gynna både fastighets- och kreditmarknaderna i Uganda. Forskningen inventerade inledningsvis behoven hos de olika aktörerna inom fastighets- och kreditmarknaderna. Baserat på en analys av dessa behov identifierades brister och svagheter i den information som tillhandahålls av det nuvarande fastighetsregistret. Forskningsmetoden innefattade litteraturstudier, intervjuer och enkäter. Därutöver granskades fastighetsregistret på plats vid olika registerförande kontor. En konceptuell modell av ett utvecklat fastighetsregister skapades utifrån de informationsbehov hos aktörerna och brister i nuvarande fastighetsregistret som identifierats. Studien visade att den grundläggande information som behövs för fastighets- och kreditmarknaderna innefattar bl.a. information om fastighetens area, lokalisering, olika rättigheter samt markanvändningsplaner. Information om area och lokalisering finns idag, men rättigheter och markanvändningsplaner saknas. Detta har inverkat negativt på fastighets- och kreditmarknaderna genom att bl.a. bidra till markspekulation, otrygga rättigheter, höga transaktions- och informations-kostnader, principal-agent-problem och markkonflikter. Studien rekommenderar att nuvarande registret bör utvecklas och struktureras för att kompletteras med viktig information såsom rättigheter och markanvändnings-regleringar vilket efterfrågas av marknadsaktörerna. Registret bör vidare vara dynamiskt och skapa incitament för att underlätta registrering av mark.
QC 20160316
Engstedt, Andreas. "Arenabygget, ris eller ros? : en hedonisk prisstudie av kommuninvånarnas värdering av den nya arenan". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-248036.
Testo completoDenna studie är en granskning av den arenafeber som råder i Sverige. Det byggs idrottsarenor i Sverige som aldrig förr. De stora kostnaderna för dessa byggen hamnar i slutändan hos de svenska skattebetalarna. Studien undersöker genom hedonisk prissättning av fastighetsmarknaden hur kommuninvånarna värderar de nya arenorna. Resultatet indikerar att kommuninvånarna lägger ett positivt värde i de kostsamma och praktfulla byggena. Studien omfattar 44 arenabyggen i 37 kommuner och är den första i sitt slag i Sverige.
Prakash, Gyan, e Swanberg Oscar. "Diversifiering : Fastighetsfinansiering i skymningen av Basel III". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297757.
Testo completoThe financial crisis of 2007-2008 was the start of new banking regulations and austeritymeasures. Basel III was introduced with the intent of managing risks better by introducingstricter capital and liquidity requirements. The new requirements would in return counteractany new systematic risks. The purpose of this study is to investigate Basel III’s impact oncredit diversification on the Swedish market and navigate what the driving forces are and theeffects of regulatory change. The aim is to provide a broad perspective by presenting valuableinformation relevant to the subject and examining the impact of these changes on differentsectors. The results of the study shows that new regulations have entailed a major regulatory changewith subsequent implications on the market. Findings also show that banks have experiencedan increase of costs which have since been shifted to customers. Furthermore, loan-to-valueratios within the real estate sector have decreased as a result of the implementation of BaselIII. The new regulatory framework has paved the way for diversification. However, thedevelopment has been propelled by macro sentiment, reaching for yield-behavior, markettiming and firms outgrowing their dependency on bank capital.
Holmberg, Niclas, Arvid Sundquist e Peter Svensson. "Energitjänster på fastighetsmarknaden i Karlstad". Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-633.
Testo completoSektorn för bostäder och lokaler står för ungefär 40 % av Sveriges totala energiförbrukning. För att minska den miljöbelastning som fastigheters energiförbrukning medför har energitjänster införts i Sverige. Den första varianten av energitjänster introducerades i USA för över 25 år sedan, men är i Sverige ett okänt begrepp. Uppsatsen avser att undersöka fastighetsbolagens kunskap kring begreppet energitjänster. Ett första steg i uppsatsen var att formulera en definition av begreppet. Vi har funnit flera liktydiga formuleringar bland myndigheter och kunniga inom området och delger här Energimyndighetens: ”Energitjänster är ett samlingsnamn för nya och utvecklade samverkansformer för att genomföra, i huvudsak, besparingsfinansierade projekt inom energieffektivisering och modernisering av fastigheter.” I den empiriska undersökningen visar det sig att en bristande kunskap kring energitjänster råder.
Det kan förmodas att det med tanke på de senaste årens stegrande energipriser borde finnas motiv för fastighetsbolagen att satsa på energibesparande åtgärder. Uppsatsen undersöker huruvida det förhåller sig på det viset. Dessutom avser uppsatsen att undersöka om fastighetsbolagen anser att inhandlandet av energitjänster är ett bra sätt att genomföra energibesparande åtgärder.
Vi kan konstatera att samtliga fastighetsbolag arbetar med energibesparande åtgärder, men omfattningen av investeringarna styrs i hög grad av fastighetsbolagens avsikt med ägandet och förvaltandet. De mer köp- och säljinriktade fastighetsbolagen kan på grund av den höga omsättningen på sina fastigheter inte få lönsamhet i större energibesparande investeringar. De fastighetsbolagen med avsikt att äga och förvalta sitt bestånd över längre tid har med tanke på dagens höga energipriser svårt att få lönsamhet utan att satsa på dessa frågor.
Ajne, Joel, e Marcus Peterhoff. "Digitalisering inom den Svenska Fastighetsmarknaden". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231815.
Testo completoPropTech has become a worldwide phenomenon in the real estate market. The attribute of digitization benefit the entire range of owners, investors and tenants. Cost-efficiency, time optimization and the renewal of stereotypes are some of the reasons for this. In Sweden, interest has risen sharply over the past three years, but the real estate industry is slow moving and it is only until now that real estate companies begin to realize the value of applying the new technology. The purpose of the report is to get a market view of how the Swedish real estate industry defines PropTech and digitization, as well as investigate how companies look at the future of the subject. The problem is answered using expert interviews that also form the basis for the analysis. The perception of the significance of digitization varies depending on ownership and yield, while it is clear that the mission of a property owner will change in the future.
Arafat, Dalill, e Karolina Czerkinsky. "Kritiska framgångsfaktorer för fastighetsägande bolag". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254719.
Testo completoThe real estate industry in Stockholm is in growth, urbanization is continuous, the housing queueis longer than ever before and the vacancy rate for office spaces is at a record low. The intensivemarket competition forces real estate organizations to adopt strategies to ensure survival, growthand development in a fast-growing environment. In this regard, organizational methods andtechniques has become a prioritized field of study. The real estate companies' success should catcheveryone's attention as these are of great importance for the economic and social life of an area.This study is placed in this theoretical framework and aims to identify the critical success factorsfor property owning companies in Stockholm, both from a holistic and property managementperspective. The study also aims at investigating any differences in critical success factorsdepending on what type of real estate the company is specialized in. Furthermore, the studyhighlights if there are any differences in critical success factors depending on geographicallocations and whether it has an influence on property companies’ decisions on whether to expandin new locations. The methodology of the study includes interviews with six real estate companiesrelated to the property management sector in Stockholm, as well as Hans Lind, ex professor in realestate economics at KTH. The interviews were administered by phone calls and personal andrecorded meetings with respondents. The model studied provides an overview that can easily beused by companies for internal analysis of critical success factors.The research is presented in four main parts. The first part encompasses the characteristics of thereal estate industry in Stockholm, specifies the research problem and determines the conceptualanalysis of the real estate industry's internal factors. The second part consists of a literature studyon critical success factors in general and in a facility management environment. The third partestablishes the method and interpretation of the results that follow the conducted interviews.Finally, the report ends with a general conclusion and recommendation. Our conclusion indicatethe existence of a common critical success factor for all property-owned companies participatingin the study: to offer local presence within owned holding. There is no significant variation amongcritical success factors depending on the companies included in study. Furthermore, all companiesconsider that there is a difference in critical success factors depending on geographical location,but it does not affect the decision whether to expand to said position or not.
Fredriksson, Veronica, e Josefin Winkler. "Makrofaktorers påverkan på den kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168303.
Testo completoOn 18th of February this year, the Swedish central bank set a negative repo rate. This was a historic moment in Sweden's economic history. In this paper, we have chosen to focus on how the commercial property market will be affected by this event. The commercial property market movements is not dependent on only one variable, but a set of dependent and independent variables. GDP and the repo rate are two variables that affect the studied market. In this essay, four different scenarios were chosen where GDP and the repo rate were in different positions during the 2000s. These four scenarios lead to a discussion about a possible relationship between the commercial property market- and the macro factors movement. The paper also discusses if the future can be predicted, because of a possible relationship. The future that is expected to consist of a sinking negative repo rate and an economic growth. After conducting the study, the paper concludes that there is a strong connection between our selected macro factors and the commercial property market. Although, a clear pattern, after a summary of the results of our scenarios, has not been found and therefore cannot be used in an argument about the result of the negative repo rate. The conclusion is, however, that the negative repo rate and today's economic growth will affect the commercial property market positively rather than negatively
Grindheim, Carl-Fredrik, Fanny Jönsson e Jennie Lind. "Elektroniska underskrifter på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21024.
Testo completoKuljanin, Milena. "Investering i internationella fastighetsmarknader : Ett svenskt perspektiv". Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-81942.
Testo completoLidén, Alexander, e Katarina Lirén. "Risk och osäkerhet på fastighetsmarknaden : London & Stockholm". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1427.
Testo completoBackground and research problem: The former highly inflationary property market is currently undergoing a stagnation process. Investors have been used to annual growth figures in double digits,
but now this is no longer considered to be a realistic outlook for future years. According to a report from PriceWaterhouseCoopers and Urban Land Institute, published by Avanza Wealth Management,
the three most attractive markets for property investment in Europe are London, Paris and Stockholm. Because of this the authors have focused their investigation on two companies in the London and
Stockholm. The authors will additionally use an international bank, an estate agent and a consultancy firm for further information, with regards to the property market and risks associated with these types
of investment in particular. This leads us into the purpose and research problem for this thesis which is concentrated around risks involved in property investments and how companies handle these risks.
What are the biggest risks associated with these types of investment and how does different organisations analyse these identified risk factors? What different risk factors do companies in the property sector consider? Furthermore, a comparison between the investigated companies in London and London will be undertaken.
Delimitations: The authors have chosen to limit the thesis geographically to the regions of London and Stockholm, since these markets have been categorised as being amongst the most attractive for
property investments in Europe. Also, the authors have chosen not to consider the risk factors associated with new productions in debt since this will make this thesis far to indecisive and immense,
hence it will be impossible for the intended reader to grasp the actual risks associated with the
property market as a whole.
Method: A number of interviews have been held with representatives at both board and management levels within the property companies which have been the focal point of this thesis. Moreover, several
other interviews have been held with other associated companies to create a broad picture of the property market and the inherent risks in these investments.
Results and conclusions: The largest risks associated with property investments, according to the interviewed property organisations are: fluctuations in interest rates, economic cycles, the position of
the property, change in property law or property regulations. The interviewed bank had partially diverging opinions about the risk factors and summarised these as: fluctuations in rental income,
vacancies, the ability of repayments and also the position of the property. This divergence would seem to be a result of the fact that the bank focuses on just the aspects of loans to finance the investment. To sum up the thesis, the authors conclude that the organisations, whether in London or Stockholm, seem to have identified relatively similar risk factors and that they also use roughly the same countermeasures to meet these risks.
Suggestions for further research: It would be of interests for the industry to investigate the possibility of being able to quantify these risks into figures to be able to build models for calculations
of these risks and thus be able to estimate the actual cost of risk associated with investments in property. Furthermore, it would be interesting to perform a large scale investigation with more
organisations together with quantitative analysis and questionnaires.
Abdulrahman, Ahmed, e Hage Fadi El. "Ger miljöcertifierade fastigheter fördel på den kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22927.
Testo completoTitle: A study on whether environmentally certified offices are an advantage on the propertymarket.Subject, Course: Building Science, Bachelor Thesis 15 creditsAuthors: Ahmed Abdulrahman and Fadi El HageAdvisor: Peter PalmKeywords: Environmental Certification, Market Advantage, Signals, Commercial Real EstateThe meaning of the environmental certification is that the standard of the technicalinstallation rises in the property. A property that has environmental certification generateslower energy consumption where the certification means that you build with good quality andas well good environmental stewardship. The study aims to investigate whetherenvironmentally certified buildings provide a benefit to the commercial property market andto clarify the companies intend to environmental certification for its property portfolio.The study's purpose has been attacked by a qualitative study in which five respondents ondifferent real estate companies were interviewed in Malmo. There has also been a review ofthe property companies' websites to get an overall picture of how companies work withenvironmental certification. In the theoretical framework the signaling theory of Milgrom andRoberts has been used in combination with previous studies and other studies on how marketvalue is affected by the certification.The emphasis of the information collected in the study is based on five different respondentsknowledge and experience in working with environmental certification. It has been observedto be of interest to all stakeholders to work for a greener Sweden where everyone iscontributing to a more efficient use of resources of the earth's resources. Property owners who contribute with 40 percent of the total energy consumption in Sweden want to join andstreamline consumption as it contributes to a positive reputation and that the term iseconomically viable as it provides a lower operating and maintenance costs. The respondentsagree upon that the environmental certification is an acknowledgment that the building wasbuilt with good material and is environmental. The benefits of offering environmentallycertified offices are among other things, tenants who have certified facilities as a requirement.Environmental certification strengthens and creates better relationships with stakeholders andsimultaneously sends qualitative signals directly linked to the brand.
Abela, Eric, e Nessrin Qattan. "Transaktioner på den kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden 2011 : Trender och fallstudier". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101484.
Testo completoCorp, Samuel. "Fastighetsinvesteringar i Sverige : En jämförelse av investeringskanaler för fastighetsmarknaden". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276761.
Testo completoThis bachelor thesis aims to investigate and compare the different ways of financing and investing in real estate as an asset in the capital market. The goal is to determine and quantify the advantages and disadvantages of the various investment channels and how it can affect both financing and the management of the assets. The thesis will consist of a qualitative method approach where interviews with professional managers, stockbrokers, company executives and investors as well as in-house research form the grounds for the result. The result of this thesis has some implications on the financial industry in the form of a thorough and comprehensive depiction of the real estate investment market. The report shows that the different investment channels have their specific characteristics and therefore fits specific investors accordingly.
Ishak, Mario, e Oliver Stiernström. "PropTech och hållbarhet inom den kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden : En marknadsbild". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276708.
Testo completoDigitalization and PropTech have been developing in a rapid pace during the last decade. At the same time, the demands on sustainable cities and properties are rising while the concept of a sustainable development is a high priority. Improving existing systems and incorporating new business ideas to promote the three sustainability aspects; social, economic and ecological sustainability, are challenges that digitalization and PropTech today intend to address. Thus, the purpose of this report will be to examine how strong the relationship is between PropTech and its impact on sustainability, and to analyse its importance for sustainable development. The question will be answered by examining the main sources of the market. The companies' own websites, their range of services and the theory of digitalization will form the basis for this report. The extent of the impact the concepts have on sustainability differs greatly regarding the type of service involved and the same applies to the sustainability aspects.
Landstedt, Hanna, e Nicol Magnusson. "Utmaningarna med att digitalisera den svenska fastighetsmarknaden : En kvalitativ studie". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44487.
Testo completoDigitalisation is described as the most socially transformative process since industrialisation. The real estate industry is one of the last industries to digitalise in Sweden and it is only until recently that real estate companies began to realize the value of implementing different PropTech-services. However, there are still challenges for PropTech-companies when they try to establish themselves in the real estate industry. Thus, the purpose of this report will be to examine what the challenges are for PropTech-companies to establish within the real estate industry. The question will be answered by using expert interviews. The study's approach is to interview people in both real estate companies, PropTech-companies and investment firms. Several challenges were expressed by the interviewed respondents. The study’s result highlights that the main challenge for PropTech-companies is the low demand for PropTech-services in the real estate industry.
Lundvall, Roger, e Patricia Stenhorn. "Ombyggnad av lokaler till bostäder : en studie av fastighetsmarknaden i Stockholm". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-644.
Testo completoThe situation that one can discern on the Swedish real estate market is that while there are several offices vacant, the need for apartments is high – the vacancy rate for apartments is non-existent. According to the rebuilding of Skatteskrapan one will realise that the project requires a lot of money, even though it promotes the residential situation. The real estate owner experiences a risk in rebuilding real estates – whether it will generate good yield or not. This results in a great need to construct a solid basis of decision before a rebuilding is made. Our purpose is to analyse the basis of decision that is constructed before a rebuilding from offices to apartments that takes place in Stockholm. Within the basis of decision that is constructed before a rebuilding from office to apartment, we intend to examine the process that real estate owner experiences before a rebuilding is possible. The result we received from the examination shows that all of the real estate owners calculate on expected revenues and costs. Furthermore, we discovered that almost every real estate owner didn’t construct a thorough marketing analysis. The yield of demand differs between the private real estate owners and those run by the state.Concerning laws and restrictions, it’s something real estate owners must subordinate and take into consideration. Our conclusion is that there are several elements that could change or improve – which moreover could increase the number of rebuilds from offices to apartments – which are noiserestriction, the handling process with complaints and so forth.
Karoumi, Maria. "Paketering av Fastigheter : Innebär paketeringsutredningen ett hot mot den svenska fastighetsmarknaden?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211437.
Testo completoThe Swedish real estate market is attractive. In recent years, the industry has experienced great success as well as managed to deliver good results. This is both a consequence of the generally low interest rates, and the fact that the industry is characterized by good profitability. Its attractiveness can also be confirmed by the number of completed property transactions, which seems to set new records year after year. Just in 2016, properties of a value of 200 billion kronor changed owners. The majority of the transactions between Swedish companies are in form of a property packaging, in which the property is placed within a holding company. There are several reasons for this choice of method, even though the most decisive one is due to taxation purposes. The packaging procedure can be done in several different ways, from which this master thesis has examined the most common one. The possibility to use this divestment method has existed since 2003. This year new tax legislation was introduced, which allowed for capital gains on shares that were held for business purposes to be tax exempt. This made it possible for any company, which intended to transfer a certain property and did this in form of packaging, to automatically avoid taxing the capital gain the transfer resulted in. The legislation was never solely intended for real estate transactions, yet the legislator whished to ease the transaction of any kind of asset. However, the legislation proved to be particularly beneficial for assets with a long depreciation period, of which real estate is one of these. The fact that a majority of all commercial property owners make use of this method results in, besides the tax benefits for them, also costs. However aren’t these anything they will be affected by directly, but will instead arise for society in the form of state tax losses. In June 2015 the Swedish government appointed an inquiry, which was referred to as the “packaging inquiry”. Its primary aim was to map the tax situation for companies in the real estate industry, as well as investigating whether the real estate industry could be considered tax-benefit or not. The government also had a plan for the investigators to examine whether real estate packaging has been used as a tool for tax planning. The results from the inquiry were presented on March 30, 2017. This master’s thesis has, based on the inquiry’s results, investigated how upcoming measures may affect the Swedish real estate market and its actors. It has also aimed at clarifying how real estate packaging is currently taking place, and how the method will be affected if the proposed measures will lead to constitutional changes. This by conducting an in-depth literature analysis and several interviews. The measures presented have so far only contributed to concern, uncertainty and an increased distrust. The criticism from the real estate industry has been huge, and according to interviewees does many market actors find it hard to know how to act in response to the possible upcoming changes. Some has also claimed that the inquiry has been conducted in a faulty way and thus contains several deficiencies. Similarly has some stated that it hasn’t been coordinated with the forthcoming interest rate deduction rules. Criticism has also been received regarding the fact that some of the proposals may imply increased housing costs and a decline in housing construction. This has been seen as very worrying. The report that the inquiry resulted in is currently (May 2017) submitted for comment. The answers must be submitted no later than August 14, and thereafter it remains to be seen how to proceed. Based on the conclusions this thesis has resulted in, the proposed measures will never be implemented in their present form. However is there still some uncertainty about this. Anyhow, the question that should determine how it all ends should mainly be based on whether or not the government dares to risk the attractiveness of the Swedish real estate market, and to some extent also the financial stability. The uncertainty that currently characterizes the market, while the transaction volumes are at record levels, is nothing we can manage in the long term. Not if we, at the same time, want to maintain a prosperous market. Change may in the long run be inevitable, but it’s important to remember that it should be implemented correctly and observe the interests of all involved parties. Actors in the real estate market have every right to be worried. We face a time of change, but it’s impossible to predict how it will end. However, we can be sure of that the market will definitely look different from how it is today.
Lundkvist, David, e Alexander Vesterblom. "En prognosmodell för potentiell värdeutveckling : Investeringsunderlag för kontorsfastigheter på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102301.
Testo completoRobin, Pfeiffer, e Joel Frid. "Värdering av specialfastigheter : -en kvalitativ studie av värderingsförfarandet på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-38298.
Testo completoSamuelsson, Christian, e Lukas Baravdish. "I krisens spår : en litteraturstudie om krisernas påverkan på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden". Thesis, KTH, Fastighetsföretagande och finansiella system, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297520.
Testo completoThe real estate market has previously experienced financial crises where a low interest rate environment and easily accessible loans have been the starting point for the economic bubbles that have been created.Properties as an asset have been profitable investments at the right time but have also brought the rest of the economy down when the investments fell in value. Financial players were given new, easier rules to follow, which opened up for new types of credit, while the focus was on making more money instead of taking into account the new risks. We are now going through a crisis that did not start in the financial sector but a pandemic that strains the economic system in a completely new way and transformed the real estate market.The commercial market has been given a new focus, where the previously secure investments have become obsolete and digitalisation has accelerated the new approach in society. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the crisis in the 1990s, the US mortgage crisis 2008 and Covid-19 crisis has affected the Swedish real estate market, to also consider what the real estate market looked like before and after these different crises.In addition, even exploring the difference between a financial crisis impact and a societal crisis in the form of the current corona pandemic we are experiencing now.
Brandt, Erik, e Johan Björndal. "Är det lönsamt att investera i gröna byggnader på den kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22220.
Testo completoThe purpose of the study is to investigate whether it is economically justifiable to invest in green buildings based on a property owner's perspective and also to study which environmental certification is the most widely used. For today the real estate and construction sector stands for one third of Sweden's energy use, and the environmental awareness is growing increasingly from the public. The importance of starting to work for reduced climate impact and increased sustainability has never been more important. A result of the climate debate has been that the production of green buildings and the use of environmental certifications have increased. Nevertheless, what is a green building? A green building is a building that in its design, construction or operation reduces or eliminates negative effects and creates positive effects on our climate and environment. Green buildings conserve natural resources and improve our quality of life. Each building can be a green building regardless of the area of use. Green buildings are created by using environmental certification that serves as a receipt that a building is sustainable from an economic, social and environmental perspective. The most common environmental certifications in Sweden are Miljöbyggnad, BREEAM, LEED and GreenBuilding. The study is based on two research questions; Do property owners consider it profitable to invest in green buildings? Which environmental certification is the most applied?In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a qualitative approach has been used in which respondents from the five largest commercial real estate companies have been interviewed. Interviews have been conducted with respondents who have long experience and good insight into the industry and the subject. As respondents have different positions, they give more angles of approach and a broader understanding of the subject. The theory used in the work deals with asymmetric information, signaling theory, CSR, environmental certifications, green buildings and other certification systems. The theories provide an overall picture of how work looks around green buildings and what benefits a property owner is to use for environmental certification. Property owners mainly use Environment Building, BREEAM and LEED. Respondents report the benefits of green buildings, which are mainly reduced operating and maintenance costs, better opportunities for capital procurement and financing conditions. Further, green buildings are a tool for strengthening the brand and attracting highly trained staff, also, the property value is more solid. Finally, the economic life expectancy will be long, the time of vacancy is shorted also is the environmental certification a qualification that is necessary for attracting potential tenants.
Runestam, Ludvig, e Henrik Wiksell. "Utländska investeringar på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden - Incitament för investering med fokus på asiatiska investerare". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191459.
Testo completoIntresset från utländska aktörer för fastighetsinvesteringar på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden växte fram under andra halvan av 1990-talet. Perioden präglades av ett stort inflöde av utländskt kapital, vilket var ett resultat av flexibla fastighetsköp till bra priser. Det utländska intresset för den svenska fastighetsmarknaden har sedan dess vuxit ännu mer och det finns mycket som pekar på att utvecklingen kommer att fortsätta i samma riktning. Den största delen av det utländska kapitalet har investerats indirekt genom fonder, men även direkta investeringar förekommer. De senaste åren har mängden asiatiskt kapital som sökt sig till marknaden ökat, främst på grund av riskspridning. Denna studie syftar till att utreda vilka motiv och incitament som ligger till grund för det utländska intresset att aktivera sig på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden. Med det som utgångspunkt fokuserar studien även på huruvida det kan förekomma problem för utländska aktörer att utföra fastighetsaffärer i Sverige. Vidare har en djupare analys kring det ökade intresset från Asien utförts. Studien har utförts med hjälp av intervjuer med nyckelpersoner inom fastighetsbranschen samt genom analys av erkända rapporter och transaktionsdata. Genom analys kan det konstateras att vilken typ av aktörer som valt att investera på svenska marknaden varierat under konjunktursvängningarna. Intresset för marknaden har trots detta inte varit hämmande. Detta på grund av att Sverige anses vara politiskt och ekonomiskt stabilt med goda tillväxtförutsättningar. Faktorer som bidragit till utländska investeringar på den svenska marknaden är en god likviditet, låga transaktionskostnader och en hög tranparensnivå. Det finns olika incitament för att investera på en främmande marknad, där internationell diversifiering har framträtt som det mest betydelsefulla incitamentet. Andra incitament är att få avkastning, förmågan att öka sin avkastning samt få en riskjusterad avkastning över andra tillgångsslag. De problem som har uppstått när utländska aktörer aktiverat sig i Sverige, har haft stark anknytning till kulturella, legala och politiska aspekter. Idag märks dessa problem inte av då utländska investerare är mer pålästa och varit etablerade en längre tid på marknaden. Flertalet utländska investerare hedgar mot valutaexponering, detta trots att valutan anses vara relativt stabil idag och medför därför en mindre risk. Asiatiska aktörer har på senare år visat stort intresse för den svenska fastighetsmarknaden. De har emellertid endast gjort ett fåtal större investeringar på marknaden. Aktörer från Sydost- och Östasien har i och med införandet av pensionsfonder erhållit mycket kapital som ska allokeras i fastigheter med syftet att risksprida. Det intensifierade intresset tyder på att investeringarna på sikt kan komma att öka.
Rydelius, Lisa, e Linn Nilsson. "Kartläggning av de dominerande kreditvärderingsinstituten på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden : Likheter, skillnader och potentiella svagheter". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297926.
Testo completoCredit rating agencies work to make analyzers and assessments of what companies' creditworthiness is by assigning a credit rating. Companies can choose which credit ratings they want to publish to the public. The credit ratings are used as a tool for obligations to price these and are important for the real estate companies' creditworthiness. Liabilities market is an important source of financing for major real estate companies. The purpose of this Bachelor Thesis is to give the reader an overall picture of the dominant credit rating agency in the Swedish real estate market and point out any similarities, differences and potential weaknesses. This is to identify any penalties that the dominant credit rating agencies may incur. This work is based on both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method consists of a theoretical framework that contains the institutions' grading scales, credit rating process, policies and disclaimer. The quantitative method includes email interviews, which have been sent out to 30 Swedish real estate companies with public credit ratings. Results show that there are similarities, differences and weaknesses between the different credit rating agencies. The dominant similarities between the institutions showed the results from the email interviews and the difference between four rating steps in the average credit rating of the real estate companies and differences in credit ratings to Danske Bank. The similarities and differences can lead to weaknesses such as real estate companies paying a lot of money for one or more credit ratings, which the institutions do not take responsibility for, and on which investors may make investment decisions based on.
Häggström, Jesper, e Nabil El-Amrani. "Hur agerar olika aktörer på fastighetsmarknaden? - En studie som jämför privata och kommunala fastighetsaktörer". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21512.
Testo completoThere are several different participants in the real estate market, two of which are private and municipal actors. There are some differences and similarities between how these two participants act on the market. In some perspectives the participants can be driven by different incentives to invest in a particular property, while at the same time there are many aspects when different participants work in a similar way. Often private participants associate with profit maximization and growth, where the focus is always making heavy investments with as good return as possible. While associating municipal property participants with social responsibility where the primary is to drive social development forward. Are these associations true to reality or how do these two different participants work? The aim of this study it to get the readers a clearer picture of how these two participants work.The method used for this study is a qualitative method. The choice of a qualitative method is based on the fact that it is the most appropriate method for answering the question of this study. The purpose it to convey an understanding of how two different participants can act in one ant the same market and if there is any similarities and differences. To answer this, the study is based on these questions:- Does different real estate participants work in an equal way when investing in real estates? - Are there different incentives that drive different participants to invest in different types of real estates?What has come from this study it that both private and municipal participants work in a similar way in many perspectives, for example, regarding risk management and valuation of real estates. In risk management, both actors work to identify and classify the risk that real estate market entails in order to prepare the company for these. In valuation of properties, similar methods are used, these methods are the cash flow method and comparison method. What distinguishes the players in the valuation work is to what extent they perform the values internally within the company. It can also be clearly seen that what sets the participants more general is their different company goals, profit interests and forms of ownerships.Keywords for this study is: Private participants, municipal participants, real estate valuation, corporate, and risk.
Yavar, Alexander, e Victor Öfverberg. "Flippers on the real estate market". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189265.
Testo completoA flippers role in the market refers to individuals who purchase real estate, either in the new market or on the after market in order to serve the housing and thus never move into them. Their investment is called speculator investments and has become more common the last five years. A flippers effect on housing and real estate market is that they create and affect market pricing. This study has used an inductive research method that combines literature and an empirical approach representing interviews. There have been three interviews with real estate companies: BoKlok, Abacus and Järntorget Bostad combined with interviews with FMF and theorist Hans Lind. In Sweden, Flippers are investing most in central Stockholm, according to hints from the FMF but are current in both markets. Generally there are no negative view of flipping, but concerns about how business is done and to what extent it can affect other hand the buyers and what would happen if the market turns - and the consequences of flipping folds of the developers. The result shows that flipping can have negative consequences in the buying process of new construction when it is it brings the greatest risk of market swings, and of second-hand buyers who might have problems after admission if flipping was done under false pretenses.
Brattström, Peter, e Thomas Heidkamp. "Vad är bakgrunden till utländska investerares intresse av den svenska fastighetsmarknaden? : Why are foreign investors interested in the Swedish real estate market?" Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1739.
Testo completoDen svenska marknaden för kommersiella fastigheter är het och har varit det under lång tid. Bland annat konstateras i en undersökning från revisionsbolaget Pricewaterhouse Coopers och Urban Land Institute att Stockholm, efter London och Paris, just nu rankas som Europas tredje mest attraktiva stad för utländska investerare att köpa och äga fastigheter i.
Detta väckte vår nyfikenhet att konkretisera de faktorer som kan ha lett fram till att utländska fastighetsinvesterare attraheras av den svenska fastighetsmarknaden.
Genom att vända oss till företag med stor inblick i de förhållanden som råder på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden fick vi intervjusvar från fem representanter.
Arbetet med teorin gjorde att vi förväntade oss ett visst svar men intervjuerna gav oss ett helt annat resultat. Denna uppsats belyser många faktorer som gör Sveriges fastighetsmarknad lättillgänglig. Dock påvisar vår studie att framförallt transparensen och likviditeten på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden är det som gör den så intressant för utländska investerare.
Transparensen på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden, som är en stor konkurrensfördel på den globala marknaden, hotas av skattetekniska konstruktioner. Att inte förlora denna fördel på den internationella investeringsmarknaden är ett problem som måste lösas. Hur detta ska ske är ett uppslag för en fortsatt studie.
The Swedish market of commercial real estate is really sizzling and has been so for some years now. In an analysis made by the audit company Pricewaterhouse Coopers and Urban Land Institute it was stated that Stockholm, succeeding London and Paris, is ranked as the third most attractive city for foreign investors in terms of buying and owning real estate property.
This made us curious to try to pin-point any factors which might have lead to foreign investors interest in the Swedish real estate market.
By turning to companies with very good insight in the business and knowledge about the conditions concerning the Swedish real estate market, we are grateful for received interview results by courtesy of five representatives.
Our work with background theories lead us to expect a certain answer, but the results of our survey surprised us with a different result. This thesis highlights many factors making the Swedish real estate market so favourable to investors, but the most prominent elements are the facts that the Swedish market is very transparent with a high level of liquidity.
For the Swedish real estate market the big advantage in global competition is named transparency, but this advantage is threatened by taxation techniques to maximise profit. Not to loose this Swedish benefit on the international investment market is a problem yet to be solved.
Bohman, Mickael. "Real Estates Stocks' correlation to their underlying property portfolio and the stock market". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183414.
Testo completoKücükgöl, Can, e Andreas Windahl. "Finansiering av fastighetsbolag : hur värderar aktörerna på fastighetsmarknaden olika finansieringskanaler för fastighetsbolag i Sverige och hur har det förändrats i samband med Covid 19-pandemin?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297577.
Testo completoThe real estate market is a market that needs an incredible amount of capital which can be obtained in several di↵erent ways. Our thesis contains a description of the most common ways of financing a real estate corporation as well as a description of finance channels that are appropriate for the real estate business. To conclude, many individuals and companies believe that smaller companies use lo-ans from banks. The bank market itself cannot finance the whole real estate market and therefore real estate companies have to seek capital from other markets. The most common complement to loans is the bond market. It’s important to notice that bond capital becomes cheaper with an improved and better credit rating. There are also other popular ways to compliment your financing, such as through certificates and hybrid capital. Having a good balance between equity and debt financing are also important ways to compliment your financing for a successful fi-nance. During our thesis, we have learned that there is a coherence between the actors on the market and their view of how a real estate company should be financed even though there are di↵erences that can be based on personal preferences. We have also studied the consequences of the Covid 19- pandemic and how it has a↵ected real estate financing in Sweden. We came to a conclusion that the impact has been quite small since it has been an economic crisis that hasn’t been based on the financial markets.The biggest impact that the pandemic was on parts of the capital market, espe-cially the bond market which froze during the spring and early summer of 2020. Though we could see a quick recovery from that freeze and the market is now back on track and restored.
Badéa, Isabelle. "Det låga förtroende för mäklarkåren – vad beror det på och hur kan det förbättras?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175712.
Testo completoFaktorerna som ligger bakom det alltmer låga förtroendet för mäklarkåren trots längre utbildningar och högre intagningskrav är både interna och externa. Med interna faktorer menar jag fastighetsmäklarnas attityd gentemot kunderna samt underskattning av kundernas förväntningar och för mycket fokusering på hög provision. Med externa faktorer som också påverkat denna bransch menar jag konjunkturcyklar samt politiska och finansiella beslut. I denna studie kommer vi att undersöka, med hjälp av intervjuer med människor som både har och inte har erfarenhet av denna bransch, hur en fastighetsmäklare skall agera för att skapa ett starkare förtroende för sina kunder och ändra denna negativa bild som skapats. Situationen om det låga förtroendet har uppmärksammats av myndigheter och bland dessa Fastighetsmäklarnämnden som har satt upp riktlinjer och rekommendationer för att ändra denna negativa trend på marknaden.
Karlsson, Agnes, e Robin Claesson. "Hur har fastighetsbolag lyckats anpassa sina investeringar imiljöcertifieringar på en marknad i rörelse : En undersökning av strategier och trender på den kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden med avseende på miljöcertifieringar och dess förändring över tid". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276983.
Testo completoOver the past decade, there has been a major development of strategies and trends regardingenvironmental certifications of commercial properties. Since the establishment of the Swedish GreenBuilding Council (SGBC) in 2009, companies have chosen to adapt their activities, strategies andenvironmental policies accordingly. Some companies are at the forefront when it comes to investing inenvironmentally certified properties, and the purpose of the study is to investigate how the companiesmanaged to adapt their operations at a market in motion. That is, how companies relate theirinvestments in environmental certifications to their sustainable development policies. The study has included examining annual reports and sustainability statements for selected companiesover the past decade. The companies' websites have also served as a basis for collecting information inorder to be able to map out companies' goals, strategies and key figures. From the collected data it hasbeen possible to examine the development of trends and strategies for the investigated real estatecompanies where a change has been seen as current market conditions and demand have changed. Some difficulties have arisen with regard to the transparency of the associated annual reports, whichhave some correlation to whether a company chooses to overcommunicate the work withenvironmental certifications and sustainability in its entirety. This can be assumed to be due to thesustainability trend that has had an impact over the last decade where a real estate company, in orderto be sufficiently competitive in the office segment, has had to demonstrate much greater work onenvironmental issues and sustainability than a company more focused on industrial premises locatedin smaller cities.
Hagberg, Johanna, e Jonas Magnusson. "Risk i fastighetsbolag : - en kvantitativ studie av kommunala och privata fastighetsbolag". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-11017.
Testo completoCompared to other industries, real estate markets have historically low return on total assets, instead they use a leverage strategy to create a more efficient ratio on return on equity. There are many risk variables associated with real estate and several ways for real estate firms to differentiate themselves from the unsystematic risk. The municipal property firms have a funding source Kommuninvest, only turning to public utilities and not private actors. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical risk and return generated by municipal and private property firms. The method is quantitative, combined with a deductive theory, which has an explanatory approach. Based on theory we have formulated three hypotheses to explore and see if we can find indicators of how differences between municipal and private property is. To conduct the survey, the thesis has a quantitative method and statistical tests to analyze the outcomes. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in two of the hypotheses between municipal and private property. How the survey is conducted is described in the empirical method. From the results determined, the intention shows that there is more to explore, and new suggestions for further research have been suggested.
Carlsson, Frida, e Malin Strömberg. "Is there a Real Estate Portfolio Premium? : An Empirical Analysis of Portfolio Premiums". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298065.
Testo completoDetta masterarbete syftar till att undersöka fenomenet portföljpremier och bidra till utökad kunskap om premier och möjliga förklaringar till varför de uppkommer. Författarna har undersökt om det går att kvantifiera den påstådda portföljpremien och om denna skiljer sig över fastighetsegmenten och tid. Syftet med arbete är att bidrag med värdefulla insikter och kunskap om portföljpremier inom fastighetsbranschen. För att kunna besvara frågeställningen utvecklade författarna en regressionsmodell. Modellen innehöll sex portföljvariabler som bland annat kontrollerade för storlek i förhållande till transaktionsvärde samt antal fastigheter inkluderade i portföljen. För att undersöka om premien varierade över fastighetssegment och med tid utfördes fem olika segmentstest och två års tester. Data som användes i regressionerna tillhandahölls av Cushman & Wakefield. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns en portföljpremie på små, medelstora och stora fastighetsportföljer med ett transaktionsvärde över 500 millioner kronor. Premien noterades till 17,5% för små portföljer, 16,8% för medelstora portföljer och 26,3% för stora portföljer. Medans en premie noterades för portföljer med ett transaktionsvärde över 500 millioner kronor kunde en rabatt om 13,7% hittas för små portföljer med etttransaktionsvärde under 500 millioner kronor. Segmenttesten som genomfördes gav blandade resultat. De test som gav signifikanta resultat var segmentstest för industri och bostäder. Resultatet av regressionen visade att det finns en rabatt för små och medelstora bostadsportföljer med ett transaktionsvärde överstigande 500 millioner kronor samt en rabatt för små industriportföljer med ett transaktionsvärde över 500 millioner kronor. Utöver segmentstesten gjordes även två tester där författarna testade om premien varierade över tid. Likaså här gav testerna blandade resultat. Det kan konstateras att en premie återfinns för portföljer handlade under perioden 2010 - 2015.
Holmen, Victor, e Linus Svensson. "Debt Funds : Alternative Financing on the Swedish Real Estate Market". Thesis, KTH, Bank och finans, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254941.
Testo completoOnsbring, Gustafsson Lovisa. "Housing Construction in Stockholm : Fundamental Factors’ Impact on Construction Volume". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-225119.
Testo completoTillgängligheten av bostäder spelar en central roll för rörligheten på arbetsmarknaden och för den ekonomiska tillväxten i ett land. Bostadsbyggandet i Sverige ökar nu kraftigt efter en period av lågkonjunktur, under och efter finanskrisen 2008. Trots detta anser många kommuner i Sverige att bostadsbristen är stor, särskilt i storstadsregionerna. Den främsta orsaken till detta är att befolkningen har vuxit i en högre takt än antalet bostäder. Denna uppsats använder en regressionsanalys för att analysera vilka fundamentala ekonomiska faktorer som påverkat bostadsbyggandet i Stockholms län mellan 1992 och 2016. Resultatet av regressionsanalysen visar att reporäntan, inflationen, BNP, befolkningsmängd, arbetslöshet, bostadspriser och byggkostnader, med sju, sju, noll, en, sex, två, respektive tre kvartals förskjutning, hade en signifikant inverkan på bostadsbyggandet. Vidare visade regressionsmodellen en låg signifikansnivå för variabeln inkomst, vilket medförde att denna variabel uteslöts från modellen. Dessutom inkluderades en tidsvariabel i regressionsmodellen. Tidsvariabeln visar statistisk signifikans och dess koefficient indikerar att bostadsbyggandet i genomsnitt ökade med ca 3% per år. Regressionsmodellen som presenteras i denna uppsats har ett R2-värde på 0,73 vilket indikerar att modellen förklarar 73% av variationen i bostadsbyggande i Stockholms län mellan 1992 och 2016.
Johansson, Mattias, e Caroline Rosendahl. "The preferences of homebuyers with a negative outlook on the real estate market : Investigating the preferences of homebuyers in Stockholm". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231063.
Testo completoFastighetsmarknaden befinner sig i konstant rörelse och när marknaden övergår i en negativ trend blir det svårare att sälja fastigheter. På grund av detta är det viktigt för byggföretag att öka sin förståelse av bostadsköpares preferenser så att de kan bygga efterfrågade bostäder på en nedåtgående marknad, och därigenom skapa en mer likvid fastighetsmarknad. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vad skillnaderna i preferenser är mellan bostadsköpare som är positiva och negativa till marknadsutvecklingen. För att uppnå detta mål formulerades tre hypoteser avseende preferenser hos bostadsköpare med negativ syn på marknadsutvecklingen gällande område, storlek och funktionalitet. Med hjälp av en enkät och frågeformulär samlades data från potentiella bostadsköpare vid bostadsvisningar och via internet. När respondenternas svar samlats in genomfördes en principalkomponentanalys för att ta reda på hur de olika påståendena korrelerade med varandra. Efter att ha tagit bort de påståenden som inte laddades korrekt var det tydligt att tre dimensioner korresponderade mot var och en av de tre hypoteserna. Test av den interna konsistensen för de tre dimensionerna resulterade i låga värden för dimensionerna 2 och 3, med hänvisning till storlek och funktionalitet. Den interna konsistensen var dock bra för dimension 1 med hänvisning till område. Ett oberoende t-test avseende bostadsköpare med positiv respektive negativ inställning till marknadsutvecklingen genomfördes men visade inte på några signifikanta resultat för våra hypoteser. Nollhypotesen kan således inte förkastas, vilket innebär att det för vårt indata inte finns några signifikanta skillnader i preferenser hos bostadsköpare med positiv respektive negativ syn på marknaden avseende område, storlek eller funktionalitet gällande deras bostäder.
Grafström, Amanda, e Hanna Käck. "Environmental Certifications in the Office Segment : Does the Swedish Market Reward Certified Properties with a Higher Price?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276746.
Testo completoMålet med examensarbetet är att undersöka om och varför det existerar en prispremie för miljöcertifierade kontorsfastigheter som är lokaliserade på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden. Syftet är att bidra med kunskap inom forskningsområdet certifierade fastigheter och förstå hur de värderas av den svenska marknaden. För att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna har regressionsanalyser genomförts för data innehållande transaktioner av kontorsfastigheter. Huvudmodellen har undersökt om miljöcertifierade fastigheter genererar en prispremie jämfört med icke-certifierade fastigheter. Utöver huvudmodellen har ytterligare två modeller analyserats som undersöker huruvida specifika certifieringar påverkar prispremien. Använd transaktionsdata har inhämtats från fastighetskonsultsföretaget Cushman & Wakefield. Jämfört med tidigare studier har en kostnadsparameter inkluderats i varje modell. För att kunna förstå variabelns signifikans och påverkan har även analyser som exkluderar parametern genomförts. Resultatet av regressionen antyder att miljöcertifierade kontorsfastigheter säljs till ett pris som är 14-26 % högre än jämförbara kontorsfastigheter utan certifiering. Vidare verkar BREEAM- och LEED-certifierade fastigheter säljas till 28-30 % respektive 30-31 % högre pris än GreenBuilding-fastigheter. Kostnadsparametern verkar ej ha en signifikant påverkan på prispremien. Med största sannolikhet utgör strävan efter brandingfördelar en stor del av prispremien vilka erhålls om fastighetsägaren innehar miljöcertifierade fastigheter.
Sundquist, Alva. "Hur finska fastighetsutvecklare finansierar sina projekt och deras inställning till alternativa finansieringskällor". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260083.
Testo completoAs the Swedish real estate market is getting shakier, investors tend to look east to find betteralternatives. Many investors travel across the Baltic sea to get into the blooming Finnish real estatemarket. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the local Finnish small and medium sized realestate developers raise funds for development projects and their perception of alternatives totraditional sources of funds.The information has been gathered from five interviews, four of them with representatives fromsmall to medium-sized companies with real estate development as their core business and the fifthinterview with a market analyst to get a comprehensive picture of the Finnish real estate market. Theresults are varied but one common denominator for the companies which participated in theinterview is that they receive most of their funding from the bank sector. The size of funding thecompanies receive from banks differs and is not always sufficient to cover the funding requirementsfor a project. The companies are expected to use equity to cover the financial gap but in somesituations this is not possible. This fosters companies to invent creative solutions to cover thefinancial gap that often involve external investors and expensive terms. There are sparse alternativesapart from the methods used today and this is probably why the common perception amongst thecompanies is to welcome new forms of funding as they all expect that the banks will play a smallerrole when raising funds in the future.
Brinklert, Hedda, e Linn Nilsson. "Jakten på kapital : Basel III:s effekter för finansiering av kommersiella fastigheter". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276756.
Testo completoCommercial real estate is a capital-intensive asset, in need of external capital. The purpose of the thesis is to study the effect of the Basel III by looking at how the real estate companies' financing of commercial real estate has changed between 2014 and 2019. Previously, commercial real estate has largely been financed with bank loans, but other forms of financing are becoming more common, for example bonds, certificates, crowdfunding and direct financing. Traditional bank loans are depending on different aspects such as risk weighted assets, which through the Basel regulations has become more regulated in recent years. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision promotes global financial stability by coordinating banking regulations and supervision in the financial sector. Basel III entails stricter capital requirements for the banks and limits on how exposed the bank may be to an industry or counterparty when granting credit. The study was based on eleven real estate companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange in the “large cap” category. The result showed a change in funding sources for the real estate companies between 2014 and 2019 where bank loans on average decreased by 27 percentage points while bonds on average increased by 23 percentage points. The use of certificates as a source of financing increased marginally between 2014 and 2019. During this period, the real estate companies had also lowered their financing costs and achieved a longer capital commitment period and today have lower loan-to-value ratios. To summarize, this means that the real estate companies' financial position has improved. TRITA-ABE-MBT-20479
Bivrin, Julia, e Viktor Edlund. "Kapitalstruktur hos svenska fastighetsbolag : En undersökning av vilka faktorer som påverkar val och möjligheter av skuldfinansiering för svenska fastighetsbolag". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298058.
Testo completoThe capital structure of Swedish real estate companies has changed considerably since the financial crisis in 2007-2008. The change has primarily been through an increased amount of market financing in the form of bonds and certificates of deposit, but also through hybrid capital. It has created new ways and strategies for real estate companies to influence the development of the company through its capital structure. Through the new financingalternatives, the companies have reached out to new types of investors who were not previously active in the Swedish real estate market. However, there are other actors than the real estate companies themselves who influence what their capital structure looks like. Investors, credit rating agencies, the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority and banks are some of the actors involved in influencing real estate companies. The purpose of the study is to examine the capital structure of Swedish real estate companies and whether the capital structure is affected by the companies' property portfolio. The study also examines how financing trends and market phenomena affect real estate companies' access to capital. The aim of the study is to draw conclusions about how real estate companies' property portfolio, financing trends and phenomena in the market influence their capital structure. The study is divided into two parts and begins with a quantitative part where differences in real estate companies' interest-bearing debts are examined through their average yield used in valuations. The second part consists of a qualitative interview study with semi-structured interviews with CFOs at real estate companies, real estate analysts at banks and a credit rating analyst at a credit rating agency. The study presents that real estate companies' property portfolio affects the supply and price of financing. Although, it is difficult to determine to what extent the property portfolio affects the capital structure. It is not possible to say that the risk of the property portfolio, measured in average valuation yield, affects the real estate companies' interest-bearing debt structure. Based on the interview study, conclusions can be drawn that the real estate companies' capital structure is affected by many parameters. The real estate companies can for the most part decide for themselves how they want to design their capital structure. They are rarely limited to using any of the different financial instruments, however, there are significant price differences depending on the company's size, reputation, credit rating, ownership structure, growth rate and the financial status of the property portfolio.