Articoli di riviste: "Ferritic steel corrosion resistant alloys vanadium"

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Votinov, S. N., V. P. Kolotushkin, I. E. Lyublinskii, A. V. Vertkov, S. A. Nikulin e V. Yu Turilina. "Corrosion resistance of vanadium alloys clad by a ferritic corrosion-resistant steel in liquid-metal heat-transfer agents". Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2009, n. 1 (febbraio 2009): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029509010145.

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Rodionova, Irina, Andrey Amezhnov, Ekaterina Alekseeva, Yuliya Gladchenkova e Irina Vasechkina. "Effect of Carbonitride Precipitates on the Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels under Operating Conditions of Oil-Field Pipelines". Metals 11, n. 5 (7 maggio 2021): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050766.

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An investigation into the corrosion resistance of steels with various contents of carbon and microalloying elements was carried out. It was shown that the presence of a large amount of nanosized (2–3 nm and less) precipitates of the interphase type, particularly niobium carbonitride and vanadium carbonitride, leads to a decrease in the corrosion resistance of hot-rolled sheet products. It was found that, after heat treatment of rolled products at 710 °C, the corrosion resistance of the metal is improved. One of the reasons for this is a decrease in the amount of interphase precipitates, which negatively affect the corrosion resistance of steel, while particles formed in austenite and ferrite do not have such an effect. To ensure high corrosion resistance of steels for oil-field pipelines, microalloying with niobium instead of vanadium is advisable, as well as heat treatment at temperatures above 710 °C.

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Ahssi, Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed, Mehmet Akif Erden, Mustafa Acarer e Harun Çuğ. "The Effect of Nickel on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Properties of Niobium–Vanadium Microalloyed Powder Metallurgy Steels". Materials 13, n. 18 (10 settembre 2020): 4021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184021.

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In this study, the effects of adding Ni in different ratios to Fe-matrix material containing C-Nb-V produced by powder metallurgy on microstructure, tensile strength, hardness and corrosion behaviors were investigated. Fe-C and Fe-C-Nb-V powders containing 5%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40% nickel were pressed at 700 MPa and then sintered in an Ar atmosphere at 1400 °C. Microstructures of the samples were characterized with optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and XRD. Corrosion behaviors were investigated by obtaining Tafel curves in an aqueous solution containing 3.5% NaCl. Mechanical properties were determined by hardness and tensile testing. While Fe-C alloy and Fe-C-Nb-V microalloyed steel without Ni typically have a ferrite-pearlite microstructure, the austenite phase has been observed in the microstructures of the alloys with 10% nickel and further. Yield and tensile strength increased with nickel content and reached the highest strength values with 13% Ni content. The addition of more nickel led to decrease the strength. Analysis of Tafel curves showed that corrosion resistance of alloys increased with increasing nickel concentration.

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Rogachev, S. O., V. A. Belov, S. A. Nikulin, V. M. Khatkevich e A. V. Molyarov. "Fracture Toughness of Ferritic Corrosion-Resistant Steel Subjected to High-Temperature Nitriding". Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2020, n. 4 (aprile 2020): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029520040229.

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Parti, József, e Valéria Mertinger. "Analysis of the Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure in 17% Cr Ferritic Cast Steel". Materials Science Forum 790-791 (maggio 2014): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.229.

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High Cr and Ni content steels are widely used in many manufacturing processes in the chemical and petrochemical industry. The automotive industry has also recognized the necessity of heat resistant alloys for a long time, for example, to apply them to exhaust systems to endure thermal loading and oxidation during the operation of engines. Various heat resistant alloys such as cast irons, stainless steels, and Ni-base super alloys have been considered as candidate materials of automotive exhaust systems. Among those candidates, ferritic stainless steels attracted a lot of attention due to their favorable low thermal expansion, sufficient mechanical strength at elevated temperature and excellent corrosion resistant properties [1]. Currently they are the leading engineering materials in several fields of applications that require resistance to wear, corrosion [2,3], creep or thermal fatigue [4]. The high corrosion resistance of these steels is due to alloying elements such as Cr, Ni and Mo. If the ferritic stainless steels are alloyed with strong carbide-forming elements, such as Mo, Ti, V and Nb, hard phases, MC carbides can be obtained in the soft ferrite phase [5,6]. The improvement of the properties of FeCrNi cast steels is directly related to the development of the microstructure, which mainly consists of a ferritic matrix and carbides and/or dispersed intermetallics [7,8]. The improvement is not always the hardening. The hardness is usually limited by the casting and the subsequent machining, so an annealing process is also inserted.

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Mal’tseva, L. A. "Structure and strength properties of a corrosion-resistant austenitic-ferritic medical steel after thermoplastic deformation". Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2011, n. 4 (aprile 2011): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029511040112.

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Eren, Hulya, Mustafa Aksoy, Mehmet H. Korkut e Mehmet Erbil. "Effect of Vanadium and Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of Ferritic Stainless Steel". Practical Metallography 45, n. 5 (maggio 2008): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/147.100381.

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Nechaikina, T. A., S. A. Nikulin, S. O. Rogachev, V. Yu Turilina e A. P. Baranova. "FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF “TRANSITION” AREA IN THREE-LAYER STEEL/VANADIUM ALLOY/STEEL COMPOSITE AFTER THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENT". Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, n. 6 (28 luglio 2018): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-6-447-453.

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The creation of new structural materials for cladding tubes of fast neutron reactors is an urgent task of modern nuclear power engineering. A three-layer radiation-resistant and corrosion-resistant material based on vanadium alloy and stainless steel, intended for work under extreme conditions (high temperatures, radiation and aggressive environment) of operation of fast neutron reactor cladding tubes has been developed in recent years. The most important aspect determining the operability of this material during operation is the quality of the joining of different materials layers among themselves, determined by the modes of thermomechanical treatment. The effect of the annealing on the chemical composition, structure, and fracture resistance of the “steel/vanadium alloy” interface in the steel/vanadium alloy/steel three-layer tube, obtained by hot co-extrusion of three-layer tube billet at 1100 °C was studied. The 20Kh13 (AISI 420 type) steel for the outer layers and V – 4Ti – 4Cr vanadium alloy for the core were used as the components of the tube. The structure and chemical composition in the layer joining zone were studied using the optical microscopy and electron microscopy with X-ray microspectral analysis. The fracture resistance of the “steel/vanadium alloy” interface was evaluated by a compression test of a three-layer ring sample with notch using an acoustic emission (AE) measurement. It is shown that after co-extrusion a “transition” area of diffusion interaction having a variable chemical composition with a width of 10–15 μm is formed between vanadium alloy and steel, which represents the continuous series of solid solutions, without precipitation of brittle phases, providing a strong bonding between vanadium alloy and steel in the three-layer material. No voids, delaminations or defects were detected at the “steel/vanadium alloy” interface. However, a crack is formed in the steel layer during the compression tests of the notched semi-ring three-layer samples after hot co-extrusion. Annealing favorably influences the formation of the “transition” area due to the increase in the width of the diffusion interaction area. No cracks or delaminations at the boundary between steel and vanadium layers were observed in the three-layer tube samples after annealing, and the three-layer material behaves like a monolith material during testing.

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Nikitin, V. P., D. V. Shaburov, A. P. Shlyamnev, M. N. Shmatko e G. E. Trusov. "Special features of formation of structure and properties of rolled corrosion-resistant ferritic class steel sheet". Metal Science and Heat Treatment 33, n. 5 (maggio 1991): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00775597.

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Stradomski, G. "The Analysis of AISI A3 Type Ferritic-Austenitic Cast Steel Crystallization Mechanism". Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, n. 3 (1 settembre 2017): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0120.

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AbstractHigh-alloy corrosion-resistant ferritic-austenitic steels and cast steels are a group of high potential construction materials. This is evidenced by the development of new alloys both low alloys grades such as the ASTM 2101 series or high alloy like super or hyper duplex series 2507 or 2707 [1-5]. The potential of these materials is also presented by the increasing frequency of sintered components made both from duplex steel powders as well as mixtures of austenitic and ferritic steels [6, 7]. This article is a continuation of the problems presented in earlier works [5, 8, 9] and its inspiration were technological observed problems related to the production of duplex cast steel.The analyzed AISI A3 type cast steel is widely used in both wet exhaust gas desulphurisation systems in coal fired power plants as well as in aggressive working environments. Technological problems such as hot cracking presented in works [5, 8], with are effects of the rich chemical composition and phenomena occurring during crystallization, must be known to the technologists.The presented in this work phenomena which occur during the crystallization and cooling of ferritic-austenitic cast steel were investigated using numerical methods with use of the ThermoCalc and FactSage® software, as well with use of experimental thermal-derivative analysis.

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Viswanathan, V., e Nage Deepashri. "Influence of pH on Hydrogen Absorption in Duplex Stainless Steel". Advanced Materials Research 794 (settembre 2013): 592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.592.

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With rising demands, oil and gas exploration of high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) wells are increasing worldwide. Due to aggressiveness of HPHT environments, piping and equipments are constructed with high-strength corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs). Duplex stainless steel is one of the candidate alloys that offer high strength along with corrosion resistance. It possesses the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic stainless steels and hence, the name duplex or dual phase stainless steel. In order to control corrosion, cathodic protection is commonly being employed on the structures and equipment. Cathodic protection is accomplished by applying a direct current to the structure which causes the structure potential to change from the natural corrosion potential (Ecorr). The required cathodic protection current is supplied by sacrificial anode materials or by an impressed current system. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is an associated phenomenon, which results in the production of hydrogen ions, leading to its absorption in the protected metal and subsequent hydrogen embrittlement of metals and welds. To prevent this embrittlement, cathodic protection is closely studied in terms of finding the critical potential, pH, temperature etc. that does not cause hydrogen embrittlement. This paper describes the study carried out to find the role of pH on the absorption of hydrogen in Duplex Stainless steel. It has been observed that at a critical pH, hydrogen intake in the sample is very high, as compared to the pH below and above the critical pH. Critical pH observed for duplex stainless steel is a trade of between hydrogen evolution and absorption for given duplex structure.

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Zhang, Tong, Ying Han, Wen Wang, Yang Gao, Ying Song e Xu Ran. "Influence of Aging Time on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of a Cu-Bearing 17Cr–1Si–0.5Nb Ferritic Heat-Resistant Stainless Steel". Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) 33, n. 9 (21 aprile 2020): 1289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40195-020-01049-5.

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Saire-Yanez, Julio, Christopher L. Alexander e Alberto A. Sagüés. "The Corrosion Propagation Stage of Stainless Steel Reinforced Concrete: A Review". Corrosion 77, n. 8 (3 maggio 2021): 812–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3811.

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Stainless steel (SS) reinforcement is increasingly used to control corrosion of reinforced concrete in aggressive marine and deicing salt service. It is well established that the chloride threshold of SS is greater than that of plain steel (PS) rebar, yielding substantially increased duration of the corrosion initiation stage (ti). Much less known, however, is if there is a similar benefit to the duration of the corrosion propagation stage (tP). Thus, credit for increased tP in durability forecasts for SS use tends to be conservatively limited. To reduce that uncertainty, the literature was gleaned for the few instances where SS reinforcement had reached, and preferably completed, the corrosion propagation stage. Particular attention was given to actual structural service experience, outdoor tests, and realistic laboratory conditions. Only a single case of actual service in a structure was found for which tP could be estimated, albeit indirectly. The result suggests a tP of several decades for the case of austenitic Cr-Ni rebar in marine service. Outdoor tests without unnatural acceleration showed a few cases where tP was reached, but only for straight Cr ferritic alloys, which showed some limited improvement over tP for PS. With the additional insight from laboratory tests, it was concluded that SS rebar made with high pitting-resistant grades, and thoroughly descaled, had a positive outlook for propagation stage durations that substantially exceed those of PS rebar. Quantification of that improvement is much in need of further field and laboratory assessment.

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Kim, H., e Y.-D. Lee. "Effect of Microalloy Elements on Corrosion Resistance of High-Chromium-Containing Ferritic Stainless Steels in Chloride Solutions". Corrosion 57, n. 6 (1 giugno 2001): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3290381.

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Abstract The effects of inclusions on corrosion resistance of high-Cr-containing ferritic steels were studied using electrochemical tests (anodic polarization and electrochemical noise [EN]) and a ferric chloride (FeCl3) test in chloride solution. For this purpose, the inclusion type and size in the matrix was controlled by the selective addition of alloying elements, their contents, and pickling treatment. Large inclusions such as titanium nitride (TiN), though chemically stable, caused surface cracks at the inclusion/matrix interface during mechanical treatments and decreased pitting corrosion resistance. Soluble inclusions located at the interface were preferentially attacked to form crevices even if the inclusions were as small as a submicron. Meanwhile, submicron inclusions such as Nb, C, or N did not affect pitting corrosion resistance. Unlike the chemical compositions and shape of inclusion, the surface area covered by inclusions did not affect pitting corrosion resistance. Hence, the main factor affecting corrosion resistance was the presence of a crevice, whether it was formed by dissolution or mechanical damage, and not the number of inclusions. EN testing revealed that the experimental alloys deoxidized by Si were more resistant to initial pitting corrosion resistance than those deoxidized by Al, though many steel manufacturers deoxidize stainless steels by Al. The discrepancy was attributed to the difference of the chemical stability and the feasability of crack formation depending on inclusion.

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Larsen, M., T. Angeliu e C. Mukira. "Identification of Alpha Prime in an Aged Fe-12cr Steel Using Extraction Replicas and Energy Filtered TEM ." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (agosto 1999): 858–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760001761x.

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Long term aging of martensitic Fe-12Cr steels at elevated temperatures can result in a significant decrease in toughness. The mechanism responsible for this has been generally attributed to either impurity segregation and/or precipitation of second phases. The aging embrittlement of higher Cr-containing ferritic steels has long been attributed to the precipitation of bcc Cr-rich alpha prime phase[l]. Alpha prime has also been shown to embrittle certain Ni base alloys [2]. The current work has shown that alpha prime forms in Fe-12Cr steels which have been aged at 450°C for up to 32khrs. Coincident with the precipitation of alpha prime is a marked decrease in toughness.Historically, extraction replicas and to a limited extent thin-foil TEM microscopy have been used to identify alpha prime. However, both are not without problems in these magnetic, corrosion-resistant steels, due to the fact that the alpha prime is small (<20nm) and coherent with the matrix. Volume fraction studies have been essentially impossible.

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Neto, J. C. de Macêdo, J. C. M. da Costa, E. R. S. Teixeira, R. M. Teixeira Júnior, J. B. de Oliveira, T. G. Barros, T. M. Maquiné, A. C. Kieling e G. G. d. Pino. "Mechanical Resistance of High-Speed Steels Cr-W-Mo-V, Si-Mn-Cr-Mo-V-Co, Si-Mn-Cr-Mo-V and Si-Mn-Cr-Mo-V-Co Heat Treated". Materials Science Forum 1012 (ottobre 2020): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.319.

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In the Metal Market, it has been important to understand the structure of steels, so that it is possible to develop new cutting materials at lower costs and more resistant to high temperatures and wear. This is possible by raising the mechanical strength for solid solution in fast steels, ie, addition of alloying elements to the steel in its solid state, the alloys fundamental to this process were: cobalt, manganese, silicon, tungsten and vanadium. Among the thermal treatments, tempering and quenching were used to raise the degree of hardness and strength of the steel. The samples studied were high speed steels HS6-5-3, HS6-5-3-5, K190 e K390. Hardness and metallographic tests were carried out on the samples and with the results generated, it was possible to draw a comparison and understand which alloying elements provide the least oxidation, corrosion and greater impact strength of fast steel.

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Ryabov, A. V. "Mastering of production of lead-free ecologically clean free-machining steels". Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, n. 3 (27 giugno 2019): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-337-343.

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Both in the domestic and world steel industry alternative ecologically clean free-cutting steels, having cutting machinability characteristics and mechanicalproperties, comparable with lead-containing steels, but voided of their drawbacks,are actively searched. First ofall the alternative steels should not be not so ecologically harmful. Scientific and technological aspects of lead-free free-machining steels production, alloyed by bismuth, calcium, tin, boron and nitrogen presented. Solubility of bismuth in iron and iron alloys with chromium, manganese, nickel, tungsten, vanadium, cobalt,phosphor, sulphur, aluminum, carbon and other elements at the temperature of 1550–1650 ºСdetermined. Parameters of interaction of the first and second order calculated. Study of bismuth behavior and tin spherical samples in 40X steel melt accomplished. The study done at the high temperature facility with controlled atmosphere and X-ray TV observation system. Simulation of phase compositions multicomponent alloys of steel АВЦ40ХГНМaccomplished by application of a program package FactSage. Within the study,a production technology of lead-free, ecologically clean free-machining, steels elaborated and masteredat OJSC “Zlatoust electro-metallurgical works”. Free-machining corrosion-resistant steels (АВЦ19ХГН, АВЦ40Х, АВЦ40ХГНМ, АВЦ12Х18Н10, АВЦ40Х13, АВЦ14Х17Н2) alloyed by bismuth and calcium, steels (АО40Х, АО30ХМ) alloyed by tin, and steels (А38ХГМАРand А30ХМАР) containing BN were the objects of the study. The steels samples were in the form of forged billet of 10, 20 and 80 mm diameter and ingots of 18 and 500 kg (round 345 mm). Steel quality characteristics determined such as mechanicalproperties in longitudinal and cross directions of ingots, uniformity of distribution of fusible elements, carbon and Sulphur along the axis zone and in billet transverse sections. Pictures of ingots macrostructure by height and section obtained. Estimation of hardenability and steel contamination by non-metallic inclusions, austenitic grain size, steel machinability by cutting, surfacequality of re-worked billet and steel macrostructure accomplished. Comparable ecological studies of atmosphere contamination during the steel alloying also accomplished.

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Jeong, Yeong Jae, Si On Kim, Jin Sung Park, Jae Won Lee, Joong-Ki Hwang, Soon Gi Lee, Jong Kyo Choi e Sung Jin Kim. "Strong and ductile Fe-24Mn-3Cr alloy resistant against erosion-corrosion". npj Materials Degradation 5, n. 1 (15 settembre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41529-021-00195-0.

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AbstractThe ternary-based Fe-24Mn-3Cr alloy has superior mechanical properties based on an attractive combination of high strength and ductility, with long-term environmental stability in highly corrosive environments compared to conventional ferritic steel alloys. This study reports that the environmental instability caused by the rapid electrochemical corrosion kinetics on the surface of conventional high Mn-bearing ferrous alloys could be overcome by a combination of high Mn–low Cr-balanced Fe and their synergistic interactions. In contrast to Cr-free Mn-bearing alloys, the high Mn–low Cr-bearing alloy showed comparatively lower corrosion kinetic parameters, without a continuously increasing trend, and higher polarization resistance according to electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopy measurements. Moreover, the rate of degradation caused by erosion–corrosion synergistic interaction under erosion–corrosion dynamic flow conditions was the lowest in the high Mn–low Cr-bearing alloy. These surface-inhibiting characteristics of the alloy were attributed primarily to the formation of a bilayer scale structure consisting of inner α-Fe2−xCrxO3/outer FexMn3−xO4 on the surface.

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"CARPENTER CTS-204P ALLOY (MICRO MELT 20-4)". Alloy Digest 59, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.ad.ss1051.

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Abstract Carpenter CTS-204P (Micro Melt 20-4) alloy is a highly wear- and corrosion-resistant, air-hardening martensitic cold-work stainless die steel produced using Carpenter’s Micro-Melt powder metallurgy process. The excellent wear resistance of the alloy is provided by a significant volume fraction of hard vanadium-rich carbides, while the outstanding corrosion resistance of the alloy is obtained as a result of the chromium-rich matrix. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion and wear resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: SS-1051. Producer or source: Carpenter Specialty Alloys.

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