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Kennedy, Deniz. "Level Set Methods for Two-Phase Flows with FEM". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-238163.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two-phase flows is a branch of multiphase flows. The aim of the project is to implement two different level set methods and analyse and compare the numerical results. The level set method is used in order to represent the behaviour of the interface between two incompressible fluids in a flow. Reinitialization is a method to straighten a distorted shape of the level set function that might be caused by the numerical solution of the convection equation and/or by the complicated fluid velocity fields. The main purpose of reinitialization is to preserve the level set function, and thus the shape of the interface as much as possible throughout the simulation. In order to avoid the oscillations, the stationary weak form is approximated with Galerkin Least Squares (GLS) finite element instead of standard finite element approximation. In order to create the velocity field of the incompressible fluid for the benchmark case, the Stokes equations are solved. The stability has to be measured carefully as it has imbalance between space stability and time stability as well as with the reinitialization. The convergence rates in the numerical results for the both experiment and benchmark cases show that reinitializations usually give a better result. Further researches for this paper could be using another FEM stabilization method, which is other than GLS, in order to solve the stabilization problem in 2D.
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Rexgård, Johanna. "Fem specialpedagogers agerande och reaktioner ur ett gatubyråkratiskt perspektiv". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27345.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Målet är att öka kunskapen om hur specialpedagoger kan agera och reagera i sina olika yrkesroller vid möten med olika uppdrag. Denna intervjustudie omfattar fem specialpedagogers möte med fem utvalda uppdrag och dess uppdragsbeskrivningar. De utvalda uppdragen är; Dokumentationsuppdraget, Läroplansuppdraget, Inkluderingsuppdraget, Yrkesuppdraget (speciallärare/specialpedagog) och Elevhälsouppdraget. Specialpedagogernas möten med ovanstående uppdrag är tolkade ur ett gatubyråkratiskt perspektiv, enligt Lipsky´s teori om street-level-bureaucrats. Enligt denna teori betraktas anställda inom offentlig verksamhet som gatubyråkrater, således räknas specialpedagoger som gatubyråkrater (men benämns som specialpedagoger i studien). Fokus i studien är på specialpedagogernas grad av handlingsutrymme och deras identifiering av förbättrings- respektive försämringsfaktorer i de olika uppdragen och vilka yrkesroller specialpedagogerna intar gällande de olika uppdragen. Resultatet visar i korthet att:Dokumentationsuppdraget – upplevs som en förbättringsfaktor och medför ett stort handlingsutrymme, vilket specialpedagogerna själva tagit på sig aktivt och medvetet i sina yrkesroller.Läroplansuppdraget – upplevs enligt specialpedagogerna av eleverna som försämrande men av lärarna som förbättrande. Handlingsutrymmet upplevs som litet i mötet med uppdraget.Inkluderingsuppdraget – upplevs vara starkt beroende av den egna verksamhetens lednings inställning till begreppet. Finns det ett stort handlingsutrymme för specialpedagogerna i samspel med elev/hem/lärare ses uppdraget som förbättrande men diametralt motsatt om handlingsutrymmet är litet.Yrkesuppdraget (speciallärare/specialpedagog) – upplevs som irrelevant då samtliga intervjuade specialpedagoger anser att skolans behov bör avgöra uppdraget – inte yrkesdefinitionen. Stort handlingsutrymme om skolans behov får avgöra och anses då som förbättrande. Litet handlingsutrymme om yrkena hålls för strikt åtskilda eller enbart ena yrkesgruppen finns representerad vilket kan leda till en försämring av den mindre flexibla verksamheten.Elevhälsouppdrag – upplevs som en icke-fråga då samtliga specialpedagoger alltid varit självklara medlemmar däri. Handlingsutrymmets storlek är beroende av elevhälsans organisation och dess mötesstruktur. En försämringsgrad finns inte gällande denna fråga, utan bara olika grader av förbättring.
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Chutný, Pavel. "FEM model ultrazvukového senzoru hladiny oleje". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319563.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This master’s thesis verifies physical principle of ultrasound in fluids by numerical model. At first, ultrasound study is ment. In second theoretic part, diferent kind of motor oils are described. Next, equations for numerical simulation are presented. In practical part, numerical model of level sensor is examined in well-knowed fluids (water, air). Results of laboratory measurement on topic of ultrasound velocity in oil dependent on temperature are aplicated on numerical model of sensor and optimalized.
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Risslén, Rebecca. "Genome-wide association study to find SNPs associated with circulating levels of the protein FGF-21". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer globally. In Sweden, every year over 6000 individuals are diagnosed with CRC making it the fourth most common form of cancer in the country. The symptoms of the disease occur late in its development, therefore diagnosis is often delayed, which has a negative effect on mortality. Once an individual starts to experience symptoms, a colonoscopy is performed to examine the colon and set a diagnosis. However, colonoscopy is straining for the individual and costly for the health care system. Therefore, a complementary risk screening method is needed to help identify high-risk individuals. Two separate studies have shown that individuals who develop CRC also have increased levels of the fibroblast protein (FGF-21). Thus, there is an interest in potentially using FGF-21 as a risk screening marker in a blood test for filtering out the high-risk individuals of colorectal cancer. However, it is not known whether FGF-21 is part of the causal pathway leading to CRC development or only a marker of increased risk. Therefore, more work is needed to better understand the role of FGF-21 in CRC disease. This study represents the first step in identifying if FGF-21 has any causal role in CRC. To do this I have tried to identify single genetic variants (so-called SNPs) in the human DNA that are associated with circulating levels of FGF-21 by conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The genome and protein data used in the GWAS originated from 131 individuals participating in the Västerbotten Intervention Programme. Preliminary results showed no significant SNPs among the study subjects when correcting for multiple tests at a significance level of 5%. Although there were no significant findings I did find several indications of potential associations and the small size of the dataset might explain why they did not reach significance. The analytical pipeline I have created as part of this project will be used in a larger dataset where it will be possible to both verify potential associations from this study and hopefully identify other interesting SNPs. Any confirmed findings will in the future be used in a Mendelian Randomization study where the association between having SNPs that increase your levels of FGF-21 and the risk of CRC will be assessed. If such an association could be confirmed it would indicate that FGF-21 plays a causal role in CRC development.
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Coelho, Luiza Lavocat Galvão de Almeida. "Proposta de modelo de centro de reaproveitamento para veículos leves em fim de vida útil : análise do Distrito Federal". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/24226.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2017.Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-06-06T14:45:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_LuizaLavocatGalvãodeAlmeidaCoelho.pdf: 10851139 bytes, checksum: b62a08164496b59b744204ea9280d460 (MD5)
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Os pioneiros na logística reversa de veículos leves em fim de vida útil foram os Estados Unidos, a União Europeia e o Japão. Em seguida, diversos outros países desenvolveram os seus próprios modelos de sucesso. No Brasil, a recente Lei 12.977/ 2014 foi a primeira a abordar, em âmbito nacional, os veículos leves em fim de vida útil e ainda está em processo de implementação nos estados, dos quais o de São Paulo é o que já possui resultados positivos. De toda forma, os modelos anteriores não são adequados às condições restritas do estágio inicial das empresas atuantes no Distrito Federal. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa dissertação foi propor um modelo de centro de reaproveitamento de veículos em fim de vida útil para essa localidade, tendo em vista as boas práticas, as legislações aplicáveis e a realidade observada. Complementarmente ao modelo, foi ilustrada a estrutura do problema em um diagrama do laço causal para compressão das variáveis chaves e do possível controle de dados para tomada de decisão quantitativa em seus estágios posteriores. Dessa maneira, ambos – modelo e diagrama – podem orientar as empresas a se adaptarem para melhor realização das suas atividades e, consequentemente, auxiliar o órgão executivo de trânsito (DETRAN-DF) no registro, controle e fiscalização dessas empresas. Assim, eles fornecem uma contribuição para um processo de desenvolvimento, implementação e aprimoramento gradual do mercado de reaproveitamento de veículos.
The pioneers in the reverse logistics of end-of-life light vehicles were the United States, the European Union, and Japan. Afterwards, several other countries have developed their own successful models. In Brazil, the recent Law n˚ 12.977/2014 was the first one to approach, at the national level, end-of-life light vehicles and is still in the process of implementation in all states, with São Paulo already reporting positive results. In any case, the previous models are not suited to the strict conditions of the early stage companies operating in the Federal District. Therefore, the goal of this dissertation was proposing a reuse center model for end-of-life vehicles for this location considering good practices, the applicable legislation, and the observed reality. In addition to the model, the structure of the problem was illustrated in a causal loop diagram for compression of key variables, and possible survey and data control for quantitative decision making in its later stages. That way, they both – model and diagram - can guide companies to adapt in order to better perform their activities and, as a result, assist the transport executive agency (DETRANDF) in the registry, control, and inspection of these companies. Thus, they contribute to the process of development, implementation, and gradual improvement of the vehicles reuse market.
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Beuchler, Sven. "Multi-level solver for degenerated problems with applications to p-versions of the fem". [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10673667.
Testo completo
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Patel, Vaidehi. "Effects of Early Life Neglect on Cocaine use during adolescence and subsequent effect on FGF-2 levels in adulthood". Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1588276506770239.
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Andersson, Ewa, e Tomas Grysell. "Nöjd, klar och duktig : Studenter på fem utbildningar om studieframgång". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-16565.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis addresses the significance of the concept of study success in higher education from the perspective of students at five university programs; Business Administration and Economics, Engineering Physics, Medical Education, Social Work and Teacher Education for Upper Secondary Level. The thesis is based on data from three studies conducted between, spring 1993 and autumn 1996. A questionnaire was distributed to all the students enrolled in autumn 1992 to the five programs, regarding students' paths to the university, how they perceived their university studies, and their plans for the future. Fifty-nine of the students were then selected from the five university programs and interviewed on two different occasions. The first interview, conducted mainly during the autumn term of 1993, focused on the respondent's path to the university studies and on different aspects of their lives as students. For a majority of the students, the second interview was conducted about one year later. This interview focused on how the students perceived study success: what was considered to be a good study result, and the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful students. The students were also asked to describe an occasion when they felt successful and unsuccessful, respectively. The results indicate that there is little congruence between the students' perception of study success and that expressed in many public reforms and policies in Sweden. Furthermore, there are both similarities and differences in students' views across the programs. The students at the five programs seemed to relate study success mainly to aspects of Achievement, Process/Strategy, and Comprehension, while aspects related to Personal Growth or Future/Occupation were rarely mentioned. When comparing students' views in the five university programs, the results indicate that an Achievement oriented view dominated among the students in Business Administration and Economics, and Engineering Physics. The students in Engineering Physics and Social Work were more oriented towards Process or Strategy aspects of study success than the students in the other programs. Personal Growth was emphasised as an important aspect only by the Social Work students. Furthermore, students in Social Work and Medical Education were more oriented towards Comprehension than the others. The students in Medical Education and Teacher Education related study success to Future/Occupation to a higher degree that the others. The views on study success seem mainly to be related to aspects in the learning environment, in particular the way the university studies are organised, the examination and grading system, and the contact with the profession. Different recruitment patterns, and the impact of upper secondary education may also be of importance. Influences from the students' prior experiences and their life outside their studies cannot be excluded. Furthermore, the results indicate gender differences. The women seem to view study success in terms of Comprehension, while the men are more oriented towards Achievement. An additional analysis within the categories indicated that the male students seemed to be more self-confident and self-reliant while the female students expressed a more pessimistic view. Furthermore, while the male students view an unsuccessful student only in relation to the individual in question, the female students' view involved the negative consequences of the student's behaviour for other people.digitalisering@umu
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Bonfils, Nicolas. "Traitement des contraintes d'inégalité volumiques dans un milieu continu par la méthode X-FEM et level-set". Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
On retrouve des contraintes d'inégalité dans différents problèmes mécaniques (contact entre autres). Le principal problème que l'on rencontre est la résolution d'une inégalité variationnelle, la zone où la contrainte est active n'étant pas connue a priori. Il s'agit de proposer une nouvelle méthode de résolution des problèmes de contraintes d'inégalités dans un milieu continu en cherchant de manière itérative la forme de la zone contrainte, devenue maintenant une inconnue du problème. A l'aide d'outils numériques, comme la méthode X-FEM et les level-set, on transforme le problème de minimisation sous contraintes en un problème d'équilibre de formeSome mechanical problems involve inequality kinematic constraint. This study deals with an original approach to handle those difficult problems. The main issue is the treatment of the variational inequalities due to the fact that the constrained area is a priori unknown. The method, introduced here,is to find the exact constrained area iteratively starting from an initial trial one. Thanks to numerical tools such as level-set and X-FEM we turn the constrained minimization problem into a shape equilibrium problem
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Borowczak, Mike. "Side channel attack resistance| Migrating towards high level methods". Thesis, University of Cincinnati, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601397.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Our world is moving towards ubiquitous networked computing with unstoppable momentum. With technology available at our every finger tip, we expect to connect quickly, cheaply, and securely on the sleekest devices. While the past four decades of design automation research has focused on making integrated circuits smaller, cheaper and quicker the past decade has drawn more attention towards security. Though security within the scope of computing is a large domain, the focus of this work is on the elimination of computationally based power byproducts from high-level device models down to physical designs and implementations The scope of this dissertation is within the analysis, attack and protection of power based side channels. Research in the field concentrates on determining, masking and/or eliminating the sources of data dependent information leakage within designs. While a significant amount of research is allocated to reducing this leakage at low levels of abstraction, significantly less research effort has gone into higher levels of abstraction. This dissertation focuses on both ends of the design spectrum while motivating the future need for hierarchical side channel resistance metrics for hardware designs. Current low level solutions focus on creating perfectly balanced standard cells through various straight-forward logic styles. Each of these existing logic styles, while enhancing side channel resistance by reducing the channels' variance, come at significant design expense in terms of area footprint, power consumption, delay and even logic style structure. The first portion of this proposal introduces a universal cell based on a dual multiplexer, implemented using a pass-transistor logic which approaches and exceeds some standard cell cost benchmarks. The proposed cell and circuit level methods shows significant improvements in security metrics over existing cells and approaches standard CMOS cell and circuit performance by reducing area, power consumption and delay. While most low level works stop at the cell level, this work also investigates the impact of environmental factors on security. On the other end of the design spectrum, existing secure architecture and algorithm research attempts to mask side channels through random noise, variable timing, instruction reordering and other similar methods. These methods attempt to obfuscate the primary source of information with side channels. Unfortunately, in most cases, the techniques are still susceptible to attack - of those with promise, most are algorithm specific. This dissertation approaches high-level security by eliminating the relationship between high level side channel models and the side channels themselves. This work discusses two different solutions targeting architecture level protection. The first, deals with the protection of Finite State Machines, while the seconds deals with protection of a class of cryptographic algorithms using Feedback Shift Registers. This dissertation includes methods for reducing the power overhead of any FSM circuit (secured or not). The solutions proposed herein render potential side channel models moot by eliminating or reducing the model's data dependent variability. Designers unwilling to compromise on a doubling of area can include some sub-optimal security to their devices.
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Raghavan, Prasanna. "Multi-scale analysis of elastic and debonding composites by an adaptive multi-level computational model". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1073013372.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 162 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Somnath Ghosh, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-162).
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Ali, Eman. "Association between maternal level of education and female genital cutting in 1-14 years girls in Egypt. A secondary analysis of the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446699.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Female genital cutting (FGC) is a persistent issue of global concern that carries various healthrisks on women and girls. FGC is almost universal in Egypt and despite continuous efforts, the decline of the practice is unsatisfactory. Maternal education is considered an important determinant of FGC among young girls, and it was suggested as a key intervention to promote the abandonment of this practice. This study aimed at investigating the association between the educational level of the mother and female genital cutting among young girls aged 1-14 years in Egypt. Methods This study is an analysis of secondary cross-sectional data extracted from the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey. The study sample involved 17,573 women of childbearing age. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the association between the maternal level of education and daughter FGC. This study also examined other background characteristics of the mother for association with daughter FGC. Results Of the 17,573 ever-married women, 54% had daughter FGC. Multivariate logistic regression showed that maternal education was negatively associated with daughter FGC. Mothers with primary, secondary, and higher educational levels had lower odds of daughter FGC compared to uneducated mothers. The study also showed that wealthier mothers were less likely to have daughter FGC, while mothers who were circumcised had higher odds of daughter FGC. Conclusion This study revealed that maternal educational level, among other factors was associated with female genital cutting among girls aged 1-14 years in Egypt.
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Shaporin, Alexey. "Dynamic parameter identification techniques and test structures for microsystems characterization on wafer level". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200901902.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Methode zur Charakterisierung von Mikrosystemen mit beweglichen Komponenten dargestellt. Sie erlaubt, funktionsrelevante Parameter und deren Schwankungen produktionsbegleitend auf Waferlevel zu ermitteln. Dabei wird vorausgesetzt, dass die Sollform der Struktur und die Abweichungsarten bekannt sind. Die Methode beruht auf dem Vergleich von numerisch berechneten mit experimentell ermittelten Eigenfrequenzen der untersuchten Mikrosysteme. Dazu wird die Abhängigkeit verschiedener Eigenfrequenzen von den gesuchten Parametern mittels einer Parametervariationsanalyse berechnet und durch eine geeignete Funktion angenähert. Die Messung der dynamischen Eigenschaften erfolgt mit Hilfe eines Bewegungsanalysators, der auf einem Laser-Doppler-Vibrometer basiert. Im letzen Schritt werden die gesuchten Parameter berechnet. Kernpunkt der entwickelten Methode sind Messungen auf der Basis von speziellen Teststrukturen, die im Waferlayout neben den eigentlichen Nutzstrukturen platziert sind und parallel mit den Nutzstrukturen prozessiert werden. Es werden Algorithmen zur Generierung des Designs der Teststrukturen und ihrer Platzierung im Waferlayout entwickelt. Dabei werden das Design der Nutzstruktur und deren funktionsrelevante Parameter, der technologische Ablauf und materialspezifische Kennwerte berücksichtigt. Im Ergebnis liegt eine Bibliothek von Standard-Teststrukturen vor, die für produktionsbegleitende Messungen sowie für die Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse geeignet sind. Außerdem werden allgemeingültige Richtlinien zur Durchführung der Messungen an den Standard-Teststrukturen abgeleitet. Das Messverfahren wurde an unterschiedlichen Mikrosystemen mit beweglichen Komponenten überprüft und zu einer allgemeinen Messmethode für diese Klasse von Mikrosystemen erweitertIn this work a method for the characterization of microsystems with movable components is presented. The method allows to determine the relevant parameters and their variations on wafer level if the nominal shape of the structure and the type of deviations are known. The method is based on a comparison of the numerically calculated and experimentally measured Eigenfrequencies of the microsystems. For that purpose, the relationships between various Eigenfrequencies and the searched parameters are calculated by parameter variation analysis and the results of this analysis are approximated with appropriate functions. A Laser Doppler vibrometer based motion analyzer is used to determine the frequency response function of the micromechanical structure and extract Eigenfrequencies. The comparison of the measured and the calculated frequencies provides values for the searched parameters. The key element of the developed method is the measurement on special test structures that are placed in the wafer layout next to the actual microsystems and processed in the same technological process parallel to the actual microsystems. Algorithms for designing the test structures and their placement in the wafer layout are shown, taking into account the design of the actual microsystems and the function parameters of the technological process as well as material characteristics. As a result, a library of standard test structures for function relevant parameters is available. A general guideline for the measurement on the test structures is presented. The presented method is verified on various microsystems and extended to a whole class of microsystems with movable components
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Lundh, Mattias. "Fem strategier för hantering av översvämningsrisker från havet : En beskrivande fallstudie av Falsterbonäset, Vellinge kommun". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Centrum för forskning om samhällsrisker, CSR (från 2020), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85387.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bakgrund: Globalt sett är översvämningar, näst efter stormar, den naturfara som orsakar mest ekonomisk skada. Inom Europeiska unionen (EU) fick översvämningar ett ökat fokus efter att Europa under 2002 drabbades av stora översvämningar. Mot denna bakgrund lanserades i oktober 2012 det EU-finansierade projektet STAR-FLOOD. Projektet mynnade ut i en guidebok för hur översvämningsrisker kan hanteras. I guideboken, skriven av Raadgever m.fl. (2016) rekommenderas en blandning av strategier (diversifiering), för hanteringen av översvämningsrisker. Inom EU har översvämningsrisker traditionellt hanterats genom fysiska skydd, vilket bara är en av flera strategier. I Sverige hanteras översvämningar främst i den akuta fasen och genom privata försäkringar. Översvämningsskydd har först på senare tid fått allt större betydelse för hur översvämningar hanteras i Sverige, något som kan exemplifieras genom den vall som ska byggas på Falsterbonäset i Vellinge kommun i sydvästra Skåne. Det finns en paradox med den typen av strukturella översvämningsskydd och det är att skydden faktiskt kan öka översvämningsrisken. Paradoxen kallas för levé-effekten och innebär att strukturella översvämningsskydd kan leda till en falsk trygghet hos dem som bor i det skyddade området. En diversifierad strategi för hantering av översvämningsrisker kan däremot minska risken för att levé-effekten uppstår. Syfte: Att studera i vilken mån en diversifierad strategi kan spåras i fallet med det planerade översvämningsskyddet på Falsterbonäset. Metod: En beskrivande fallstudie av hur översvämningsrisker från havet hanteras på Falsterbonäset. Materialet har i huvudsak samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer som sedan analyserats med riktad kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Som komplement till intervjuerna har även annat material analyserats, främst kommundokument. Den teori som studien grundas på är levé-effekten och teorin om riskhomeostas. Resultat: Mot bakgrund av guideboken skriven av Raadgever m.fl. (2016) är det möjligt för Vellinge kommun att vidta fler strategier för att minska sannolikheten för och konsekvenserna av översvämningar på Falsterbonäset. Exempelvis hade det varit möjligt att begränsa utvecklingen i det skyddade området och ställa tydliga krav på plushöjder för nybyggnation. Samtidigt har kommunens strategi aldrig varit så diversifierad som nu med anledning av det kommande översvämningsskyddet. Avslutningsvis finns det vissa indikationer på att en levé-effekt kan uppstå.Background: In a global perspective are floods, after storms, the natural hazard that causes the most economic damage. Within the European Union (EU), floods gained increased focus after Europe was hit by major floods in 2002. Because of this, the EU-funded project STAR-FLOOD was launched in October 2012. Among other things, the project resulted in a guidebook for how flood risks can be managed. The guidebook, written by Raadgever et.al. (2016), recommends a mix of strategies (diversification) for the management of flood risks. Within the EU, flood risks have traditionally been managed through structural protection, being just one of several strategies. In Sweden, floods are managed mainly in the acute phase and through private insurance. Flood protection has recently become increasingly important for how floods are handled in Sweden, which can be exemplified by the levee that is to be built on Falsterbonäset in Vellinge municipality in Skåne. However, there is a paradox with this type of structural flood protection, and it is that these can increase the risk of flooding. The paradox is called the levee effect and means that structural flood protection can lead to a false sense of security in those who live in the protected area. A diversified strategy for managing flood risks can reduce the risk of the levee effect. Purpose: Study to which extent a diversified strategy can be traced in the case of structural protection that is planned structural on Falsterbonäset. Method: A descriptive case study of how flood risks from the sea are managed on Falsterbonäset. The material has mainly been collected through qualitative interviews which have then been analysed with a directed qualitative content analysis. As a complement to the interviews, other material has also been analysed, mainly municipal documents. The theory on which the study is based, is the levee effect and the theory of risk homeostasis. Results: Based on the guidebook by Raadgever et.al. (2016), it is possible for Vellinge municipality to do more to reduce the probability and the consequences of floods on Falsterbonäset. For example, it would have been possible to limit the development in the protected area and set clear requirements for heights for new buildings. At the same time, the municipality's strategy has never been as diversified as it is now, due to the forthcoming flood protection. However, there are some indications of conditions for a levee effect to occur.
15
Serra, Ana Paula Gonçalves. "Método para identificação de parâmetros de qualidade de serviços aplicados a serviços móveis e interativos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-26072007-175442/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Atualmente, os usuários desejam obter, fornecer, compartilhar e interagir com informações e serviços com conteúdo multimídia em qualquer lugar, a qualquer momento e com qualquer dispositivo. Para que isso seja possível, um dos grandes desafios é assegurar a QoS (Quality of Service) fim a fim (entre o usuário final e a organização provedora de serviço) para a disponibilização de serviços móveis e interativos com conteúdo multimídia para os usuários finais. Em geral esse tipo de serviço têm maior exigência de QoS, pois além dos parâmetros de redes, possuem parâmetros específicos para áudio, imagem e vídeo, além de exigirem sincronização de áudio e vídeo, e a QoS fim a fim deve considerar parâmetros de QoS sob a percepção do usuário final. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor um método para o levantamento de parâmetros de QoS para o estabelecimento de USLAs (User Service Level Agreements - Acordo do Nível de Serviço do Usuário) entre a organização provedora de serviço e o usuário final para serviços móveis e interativos com conteúdo multimídia em um ambiente de convergência tecnológica. O método consiste em quatro passos: 1. identificação do serviço a ser oferecido ao usuário final e elaboração de um grafo em árvore, que tem como objetivo identificar outros serviços que podem compor o serviço a ser oferecido ao usuário final; 2. mapeamento dos parâmetros de QoS em um metamodelo; 3. validação do metamodelo, para que se possa extrair do metamodelo os parâmetros de QoS; 4. elaboração do USLA. Este trabalho propõe um primeiro passo para solucionar a falta de métodos padronizados para o estabelecimento de USLA para serviços móveis e interativos com conteúdo multimídia sob a percepção do usuário final. Além de facilitar a identificação e composição de serviços e parâmetros, por meio de um metamodelo que proporciona a integração de classes de serviços que podem ser facilmente reutilizadas e customizadas, de acordo, com o tipo de serviço oferecido pela organização provedora de serviço e pela necessidade do usuário final.In these days the final users wish to obtain, to furnish and to interact using interactive services with multimedia content anywhere, anytime and with any kind of user device. One of the biggest challenges is to assure the End-to End Quality of Service (E2E QoS) in the delivering of the interactive and multimedia services for moving users. In general, this kind of users have more strict requirements needs, because, besides of the computer network parameters, they need specify specific parameters like sound, image and video and their synchronization, on the users\' point of the view - perceived QoS. The main objective of this thesis is to present the application of a method for eliciting the E2E QoS parameters aiming the establishment of the User Service Level Agreement - USLA between the service provider and the final user applied to interactive and mobile services with multimedia content, inserted on a technological convergence environment. The method is a four steps method that consists of (1) an identification of the service to be offered to the final user and the elaboration of a tree graph aiming the identification of the composition of the service by other services (2) mapping the QoS parameters in a metamodel (3) validation of the metamodel, and extraction of the E2E QoS parameters (4) elaboration the USLA. This thesis proposes a first step to solve the lack of standardized methods for the establishment of the USLA for interactive and mobile services with multimedia content under the users\' perception. Besides of facilitating the identification and the composition of services and parameters, using a metamodel, that provides the integration of classes of services, that can be easily reused and customized, according, with the type of service offered for the service provider to the final user.
16
Aydin, Selcuk Han. "The Finite Element Method Over A Simple Stabilizing Grid Applied To Fluid Flow Problems". Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609467/index.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We consider the stabilized finite element method for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in two dimensions.
The well-known instabilities arising from the application of
standard Galerkin finite element method are eliminated by using the stabilizing subgrid method (SSM), the streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) method, and the two-level finite element method (TLFEM). The domain is discretized into a set of regular triangular elements. In SSM, the finite-dimensional spaces employed consist of piecewise continuous linear interpolants enriched with the residual-free bubble functions. To find the bubble part of the solution, a two-level finite element method with a stabilizing subgrid of a single node is described and its applications to the Navier-Stokes equations and MHD equations are displayed. This
constitutes the main original contribution of this thesis. Numerical approximations employing the proposed algorithms are presented for some benchmark problems. The results show that the proper choice of the subgrid node is crucial to get stable and accurate numerical approximations consistent with the physical configuration of the problem at a cheap computational cost. The stabilized finite element method of SUPG type is applied to the unsteady Navier-Stokes
equations together with a finite element discretization in the time domain. Thus, oscillations in the solution and the need of very small time increment are avoided in obtaining stable solutions.
17
Prabel, Benoit. "MODÉLISATION AVEC LA MÉTHODE X-FEM DE LA PROPAGATION DYNAMIQUE ET DE L'ARRÊT DE FISSURE DE CLIVAGE DANS UN ACIER DE CUVE REP". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00278939.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce mémoire de thèse présente l'étude de la propagation et de l'arrêt d'une fissure de clivage dans un acier de cuve REP. Une bonne compréhension des phénomènes en jeu nécessite de solides données expérimentales, ainsi qu'un outil de modélisation performant. La méthode X-FEM est implantée dans Cast3m, permettant de simuler efficacement la propagation de fissure par éléments finis. Deux techniques concernant l'actualisation des fonctions de niveau, ainsi qu'une intégration non conforme sont proposées. La campagne d'essais de propagation de fissure concerne trois géométries : des éprouvettes CT, et des anneaux comprimés en mode I et mixte. On relève les vitesses de propagation. Des fractographies désignent le clivage comme responsable de la ruine. Un modèle de propagation basé sur la contrainte principale en pointe de fissure est identifié. La contrainte critique de clivage dépend de la vitesse de sollicitation. Ce modèle permet de prédire précisément par la simulation numérique, le comportement de la fissure observé expérimentalement.
18
Zander, Nils Dietrich [Verfasser], Ernst [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Rank, Alessandro [Gutachter] Reali e Zohar [Gutachter] Yosibash. "Multi-level hp-FEM: dynamically changing high-order mesh refinement with arbitrary hanging nodes / Nils Dietrich Zander ; Gutachter: Alessandro Reali, Ernst Rank, Zohar Yosibash ; Betreuer: Ernst Rank". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1131253752/34.
Testo completo
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Ferreira, João Guilherme Gaspar Cordeiro. "Numerical modelling of fatigue crack growth using XFEM". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14344.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mestrado em Engenharia MecânicaThe Finite Element Method (FEM) is one of the most efficient tools used, in computational solid mechanics, for the numerical solution of Partial Differential Equations (PDE). This numerical technique has been extensively used in the past decades for finding approximate solutions to PDE in both engineering and science fields. A main feature of the FEM is the subdivision of a continuum into a discrete set of elements, being these elements connected by a topological map, usually referred to as the finite element mesh. The FEM can generally be used to model and predict the behaviour of continuous structures. However, problems arise when FEM is used on a domain with a discontinuity (like a crack). In this case, it is usual to use adaptive mesh refinement around the discontinuity. This process works ne, but has a very high computational cost. Alternatively, the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is a numerical method for modelling strong and weak discontinuities using local enrichment. It is a FEM generalization that enables the incorporation of local enrichment of approximation spaces. This enrichment is done through the partition of unity concept by adding special functions to the finite element approximation. For crack modelling in isotropic linear elasticity, the Heaviside function is used to enrich the completely cut elements and an asymptotic function is used to enrich the crack tip elements. This enrichment creates new degrees of freedom that must be integrated into the analysis during a post-processing step. This enables the domain to be modelled without explicitly meshing the crack surfaces and without a remeshing process for the crack propagation. In this context, this work addresses the main concepts of FEM and XFEM, the creation of a pedagogical XFEM software (with its numerical implementation process and software manual) and the differences between a standard FEM implementation and a XFEM program. Finally, some numerical results of the XFEM application are presented.
O Método dos Elementos Finitos (Finite Element Method - FEM) é uma das ferramentas mais eficientes para a obtenção de soluções numéricas de Equações Diferenciais Parciais (EDP) em mecânica dos sólidos computacional. Esta técnica numérica tem vindo a ser utilizada extensivamente durante as últimas décadas para a obtenção de soluções aproximadas de EDP, tanto a nível de engenharia como a nível científico. Uma das principais características do FEM é a subdivisão de um meio contínuo numa série de elementos discretos, estando esses elementos ligados por um mapa topológico, normalmente referido como malha dos elementos finitos. O FEM é utilizado geralmente para modelar e prever o comportamento de estruturas contínuas. Contudo, surgem problemas quando o FEM é utilizado em domínios que contenham descontinuidades (tais como fendas). Neste caso, é normalmente utilizado um refinamento de malha adaptativo em torno da descontinuidade. Este processo funciona perfeitamente, mas acarreta um enorme custo computacional. Alternativamente, o Método dos Elementos Finitos Estendidos (eXtended Finite Element Method - XFEM) é um método numérico utilizado para modelar descontinuidades fortes e fracas, utilizando enriquecimento local. É uma generalização do FEM que permite a incorporação de enriquecimento local de aproximação de espaços. Este enriquecimento é feito através do conceito de partição de unidade, ao adicionar funções especiais à aproximação por elementos finitos. Para a modelação de uma fenda em regime linear elástico isotrópico, é utilizada a função de Heaviside para enriquecer os elementos que são completamente cortados pela fenda, e a função assimptótica para enriquecer os elementos que contenham a ponta de fenda. Este processo de enriquecimento cria novos graus de liberdade que têm de ser incorporados no sistema, através de uma etapa de pós-processamento. Isto permite que o domínio possa ser modelado, sem que exista a preocupação de fazer coincidir a malha com a localização da fenda, e que seja preciso recorrer a um processo de remalhamento caso exista propagação da fenda. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho aborda os principais conceitos de FEM e XFEM, a criação de um software pedagógico de XFEM (com o seu processo de implementação numérica e manual do software) e as principais diferenças entre a implementação padrão do FEM e um programa de XFEM. Finalmente, são apresentados alguns resultados numéricos da aplicação do XFEM.
20
Vodrada, Tomáš. "Odpružení přední hnané nápravy traktoru lehké řady". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230470.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The topic of this thesis is springing of front driving axle design in Zetor tractor of series Proxima including FEM analysis. The thesis also deals with study of currently used suspended front axles produced by word known manufacturers.
21
Shaporin, Alexey. "Dynamic parameter identification techniques and test structures for microsystems characterization on wafer level". Doctoral thesis, Chemnitz Univ.-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000815250/04.
Testo completo
22
Vieira, Gabriel Mauricio Oswald. "Ferramenta para mapear a qualidade percebida pelo usuário em requisitos de QoS em ambiente convergente e heterogêneo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-08012011-003955/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Uma das principais características dos sistemas de informação e de comunicação é permitir que os usuários finais utilizem e disponibilizem serviços interativos com conteúdo multimídia a qualquer hora, em qualquer lugar, com qualquer dispositivo e em movimento, independentemente da tecnologia de rede utilizada. Um desafio que surge face a essa nova característica dos serviços é como identificar os requisitos de QoS (Qualidade de Serviço) fim-a-fim sob a ótica do usuário final em um ambiente convergente e heterogêneo com o intuito de evoluir as relações entre o usuário final e o Provedor de Serviços para o estabelecimento de um contrato com níveis de serviço personalizado. Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa para a elaboração de uma ferramenta genérica e aberta para mapear a qualidade percebida pelo usuário em requisitos técnicos de QoS através da captura do fluxo de pacotes gerado entre as aplicações que compõem um serviço e simula atrasos, jitter, perdas e banda percebida com o objetivo de permitir ao usuário final identificar e expressar os valores desses parâmetros tornando transparente os aspectos tecnológicos que envolvem esta identificação. A definição de um ambiente de simulação que hospeda o serviço, o desenvolvimento de um simulador de QoS específico e uma nova relação entre o usuário e o Provedor de Serviços também são abordados.One of the main characteristics of communication and information systems is to allow final users to use and make available multimedia content interactive services at any time, anywhere, in motion and using any device regardless of network technology. Under this perspective a challenge arises on how to identify the QoS (Quality of Service) requirements in a convergent and heterogeneous environment end-to-end user centric way, in order to evolve the relationship between users and service providers aiming the establishment of personalized demands through personalized agreements. This work presents a study for the development of an open and generic tool for mapping the user perceived quality in QoS requirements through the capture of the packet flow generated between the applications of a service and simulates delays, jitter, loss of packets and bandwidth in order to allow the end user to identify and express the values of these parameters making transparent all the technological aspects involved in this identification. The definition of a service simulation environment, the development of a QoS simulator and a new relationship between users and services providers are also addressed.
23
Zlámal, Josef. "Hluk rovinných desek". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377486.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The master thesis summaries the findings results of a study focused on the spread of noise vibrating flat plates. Part of this thesis is measurements of flat plate noise in the anechoic chamber and finally their processing and evaluation. The next part of the thesis is focused on FEM acoustic simulation and comparing results with measurements.
24
Fourie, Clasina Elizabeth. "Vigilance behaviour and its endocrine correlates in Plains zebra (Equus burchelli) living in a predator-free landscape". Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26388.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Group size affects individual and collective vigilance levels of prey species. As individual vigilance decreases with increasing group size, the indirect risk of predation to each individual and the group as a whole will also decrease (dilution and many-eyes effect) which may have a decreasing effect on stress responses on group level as well. Where predation risk is low, other factors like group size might influence stress-related glucocorticoid output in prey species. I test the relationship between group size and individual and collective vigilance levels in a plains zebra (Equus burchelli) population living in an environment with low adult predation risk due to the absence of lions (Panthera leo) in the Dinokeng Game Reserve (DGR). I also test for an effect of season (wet vs. dry) on these levels. Vigilance levels are expected to be higher in summer than winter, due to a seasonal influence on susceptibility to predation or the ease of predator detection. Finally, I test if the presence of foals in a band influences individual and collective vigilance levels. Mothers are expected to increase their vigilance levels since foals are most susceptible to predation by smaller predators in the reserve. I also aimed to specifically investigate how group size affects adrenocortical endocrine activity in male and female individuals of plains zebra bands living in an environment with low predation risk. With an increase in group size, and individual vigilance expecting to decrease, the indirect risk of predation to each individual and the group as a whole will also decrease (due to both dilution and many-eyes effect) which may decrease stress on group level as well. Affiliative social interactions between females could also have the effect of improving fitness and reducing stress levels in this species. We therefore evaluated the reliability of different enzyme-immunoassays (EIA) for monitoring glucocorticoid metabolite levels in plains zebra faeces by conducting an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge test and associated translocation event. Individual vigilance decreased with group size, confirming a classic group size effect; while collective vigilance remained constant meaning individuals could reduce their own scanning and rely on scanning by other group members. Individual vigilance differs between seasons, with higher levels recorded in summer, but no seasonal effect is found on rate of scanning and collective vigilance. Interestingly, bands with foals have a lower level of individual vigilance than bands without foals, which may be due to added nutritional stress on mothers during lactation. A constant collective vigilance level means mothers may be able to increase foraging time without increasing predation risk. I successfully identified two group-specific EIAs as suitable for assessing adrenocortical endocrine activity in male and female plains zebra, but gender-specific differences in response to ACTH administration and translocation were detected. In winter, bands of free-ranging plains zebra differ significantly in terms of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) output, but due to the fact that the bands tested also differed in size as well as composition, the potential band size effect were analysed for males and females separately. Males in bands of greater size exhibit higher FGM levels than males in small bands; explained by the females’ need for protection, resource competition and reproduction pressure. FGM levels in females did not differ between bands of different sizes, indicating that potential changes in vigilance behaviour per se might not alter FGM output in a low-predation risk environment. This study confirms firstly, the classic group size effect on vigilance in plains zebra in this low predation risk environment and secondly, that group size and sex should be considered when looking at FGM levels in this social species.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Zoology and Entomology
unrestricted
25
Akay, Erdem. "Conceptual level FEM based wing weight estimation". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1865.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Weight and its estimation have a vital impact in the aircraft design process from the very early phases. When the conceptual design configuration of an aircraft has been created, it should ensure that the estimated weight is sufficiently accurate to meet the performance and cost requirements. The estimation of structural weight in early design stages is mostly performed using historical data; however, this approach does not provide reliable weight estimates for unconventional or unique designs or those that employ advanced materials. One solution for improving the accuracy of conceptual level weight estimation is to improve the fidelity of the methodology, geometry models, and loads through the use of Finite Element Methods (FEM). This thesis is intended to demonstrate an initial application of conceptual-level FEM based weight estimation to aircraft wing structure.text
26
Jimenez, Sarah K. "Cardioprotection: effects of increased levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 in the heart". 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4811.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
High mortality rates from cardiovascular disease underscore the need for improved therapies. Thus, it is important to further our understanding of factors and mechanisms promoting cardiac protection and repair.
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), administered to the heart before or during injury exerts beneficial effects such as cytoprotection and angiogenesis. However, the effects of a chronic elevation in endogenous FGF-2 on recovery/remodeling after ischemic injury are not known. My hypothesis was that chronic elevation in endogenous FGF-2 expression (in FGF-2 overexpressing transgenic mice) exerts beneficial effects such as improved function after isoproterenol-induced injury in vivo.
The first study showed that treatment with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol resulted in exaggerated levels of cellular infiltration and myocardial disarray in transgenic FGF-2 versus non-transgenic mouse myocardium. This was suggestive of increased cardiac injury in transgenic FGF-2 mice. Inhibition of T cells using the immunosuppressants cyclosporine A or antibodies against CD3ε attenuated cellular infiltration in transgenic FGF-2 mice, to levels comparable to those of non-transgenic mice, suggesting a T lymphocyte-mediated effect. Overall morphological data suggested that chronic FGF-2 elevation might have created an adverse outcome after cardiac injury.
In a follow-up study the effect of chronic FGF-2 elevation on cardiac function was examined, as measured by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), after isoproterenol administration. FGF-2 overexpressing mice displayed improved cardiac function compared to controls, after isoproterenol, both acutely (24 h) and in a sustained fashion (2-4 weeks). The FGF-2 associated functional improvement at 2-4 weeks was attenuated following immunosuppression with cyclosporine A, but not treatment with anti-CD3ε antibodies. The FGF-2–associated functional improvement may be partially attributed to a cyclosporine A-sensitive (but anti-CD3-insensitive) infiltrating cell population. Thus cellular infiltration, in response to elevated FGF-2, may have a net beneficial effect.
In a third study, non-transgenic mice were put through a brief swimming protocol (exercise) prior to isoproterenol. This acute bout of exercise resulted in significant improvement in TDI function, compared to control groups, measured at 24 hours up to 4 weeks post-isoproterenol.
In conclusion, increased endogenous cardiac FGF-2 expression, or an acute bout of exercise, exert sustained beneficial effects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac injury.
27
Cwikla, Martin. "The Low-Frequency Multi-Level Fast Multipole Method on Graphics Processors". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3209.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) allows for rapid evaluation of the fundamental solution of the Helmholtz equation, known as Green's function. Evaluation times are reduced from O(N^2), using the direct approach, down to O(N log N), with an accuracy specified by the user. The Helmholtz equation, and variations thereof, including the Laplace and wave equations, are used to describe physical phenomena in electromagnetics, acoustics, heat dissipation, and many other applications. This thesis studies the acceleration of the low-frequency FMM, where the product of the wave number and the translation distance of expansion coefficients is relatively low. A general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU), with native support of double-precision arithmetic, was used in the implementation of the LF FMM, with a resulting speedup of 4-22X over a conventional central processing unit (CPU), running in a single-threaded manner, for various simulations involving hundreds of thousands to millions of sources.
28
Hysing, Shu-Ren [Verfasser]. "Numerical simulation of immiscible fluids with FEM level set techniques / von Shu-Ren Hysing". 2007. http://d-nb.info/99749798X/34.
Testo completo
29
Liu, Yen-Ming, e 劉彥銘. "Simulation of the Sound Pressure Level of a Miniature Loudspeaker by Coupled BEM-FEM". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39566467531771946053.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士逢甲大學
電聲碩士學位學程
99
As one of the crucial criteria to judge its performance, the sound-pressure-level (SPL) of a loudspeaker is mostly modeled by the equivalent-circuit method (ECM) or the finite element method (FEM). Despite the extensive applications of the ECM in this modeling, its SPL modeling at the mid-high to high frequencies, ranging about from 1k to 20k (Hz), is not so ideal due to modal splits of the membrane. On the FEM modeling, considerable amounts of computational efforts shall be required due to the 3D modeling of unsymmetrical acoustic field. For this, this has been a serious issue in the industry that pertinent researches have been endeavoring to resolve. The present research employs the approach of coupled FEM/boundary element method (BEM) to effectively improve the SPL modeling of a sample unit at the mid-high to high frequencies. The advantage of such an approach lie in incorporating the both benefits of the FEM and the BEM, considered to be effective for modeling the membrane vibration and the associated acoustic field, respectively. This coupled modeling, on one hand, adopts ANSYS to simulate the modal vibration of the membrane and, on the other hand, applies the BEM-based software, Virtual Lab, to simulate the corresponding sound field using the boundary condition (normal velocity gradients of the membrane) exported from the ANSYS analysis. For verification, the sample unit was experimented in an anechoic chamber for recording its SPL curve, followed by comparing with the simulated result. Additionally, the SPL curves at different field points with various phase angles were also experimented and simulated using the coupled approach. From the analyses and comparison, it is found that the SPL modeling by the present approach is more accurate for mid-high to high frequencies as compared with the traditional ECM approach and, moreover, more effective than the FEM modeling. This research provides a more accurate and effective approach for modeling the SPL curve of loudspeakers, based on which the engineer may tailor the loudspeaker design by reduced efforts and time. By the present approach, it is very easy to acquire the SPL of a field point of interest in space. This expedition of such simulation and analysis has laid the great potential of its application to model the overall SPL of multiple loudspeakers with various phase angles, being crucial for a pro-designed audiovisual studio or auditorium. Due to the various phase angles, the ECM cannot be applied for such modeling, and neither is the FEM due to the massive computation loads. In all, the thesis has proposed a feasible and expedient approach for accurately and effectively modeling the SPL of loudspeakers, considered to possess great potential for extensive applications in modeling a complicated electro-acoustic system.
30
Beuchler, Sven [Verfasser]. "Multi-level methods for degenerated problems with applications to p-versions of the fem / vorgelegt von Sven Beuchler". 2003. http://d-nb.info/969262752/34.
Testo completo
31
Saha, Ranjan. "A Novel Financial Service Model in Private Cloud". 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23203.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis, we propose architecture for a SaaS model in Cloud that would provide service to the financial investors who are not familiar with various mathematical models. Such finance models are used to evaluate financial instruments, for example, to price a derivative that is currently being traded before entering into a contact. An investor may approach CSP to price a particular derivative and specify the time, budget and accuracy constraints. Based on these constraints specified by investors, the service provider will compute the option value using our proposed FSM. To evaluate our proposed model, we compared pricing results with the classical model that provides a closed-form solution for option pricing to meet the accuracy constraints. After establishing the accuracy of our pricing results, we further ensured that the SLA between the FSP and the investors is honoured by meeting the constraints put forth by the investor who uses the Cloud service.
32
Chen, Jia-Xin, e 陳佳欣. "Genetic Diversity of Three-level Hierarchical Structure for the Infinite Allele Model of Mutation Under the Finite Island Model (IAM -FIM) Framework". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zmj48g.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立清華大學
統計學研究所
106
Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life at the levels of genes, individuals, species, populations, communities, regions, landscapes, etc, and therefore is inherently under a hierarchical structure. Biodiversity includes three aspects: genetic diversity, species (taxonomic) diversity and ecosystem (functional) diversity. In genetics, researchers often describe the process of genetic evolution by complex mathematical model, and then based on the selected model, some genetic diversity indices in terms of model parameters are derived. The most widely used model is the infinite allele model (IAM) for mutation under the finite island model (FIM) framework. Chao et al. (2015b) derived the formulas for the expected values of various gene diversity indices under the assumption of IAM model for an isolated population and for multiple subdivided populations (i.e., two-level hierarchy). Gaggiotti et al. (2018) developed allelic diversities under a three-level hierarchy (i.e., an entire area includes several regions and each region includes several islands/communities) without using any genetic models; they advocated the use of Shannon entropy and its corresponding dissimilarity index because of their good monotonicity properties. This thesis extends Chao et al.’s formulas to three-level hierarchical structure under the IAM-FIM framework. The theoretical formulas for genetic alpha, beta and gamma diversities at each level are derived in terms of model parameters for Shannon entropy-based and hetrozygosity-based measures. The resulting formulas are also compared with the results obtained from Gaggiotti et al. (2018). Simulation results show that when a gene pool is at equilibrium, the proposed three-level theoretical formulas match well with the simulated diversities. Two real genetic data were analyzed to illustrate the application of the proposed formulas. In addition, an online software with simple interactive interface using R language and network package Shiny is developed to facilitate the computations of the proposed formulas in this paper for users without R background.
33
Rho, Ho Kyung. "A Systems Level Analysis of the Transcription Factor FoxN2/3 and FGF Signal Transduction in Sea Urchin Larval Skeleton Development and Body Axis Formation". Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/3819.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Specification and differentiation of a cell is accomplished by changing its gene expression profiles. These processes require temporally and spatially regulated transcription factors (TFs), to induce the genes that are necessary to a specific cell type. In each cell a set of TFs interact with each other or activate their targets; as development progresses, transcription factors receive regulatory inputs from other TFs and a complex gene regulatory network (GRN) is generated. Adding complexity, each TF can be regulated not only at the transcriptional level, but also by translational, and post-translational mechanisms. Thus, understanding a developmental process requires understanding the interactions between TFs, signaling molecules and target genes which establish the GRN.
In this thesis, two genes, FoxN2/3, a TF and FGFR1, a component of the FGF signaling pathway are investigated. FoxN2/3 and FGFR1 have different mechanisms that function in sea urchin development; FoxN2/3 regulates gene expression and FGFR1 changes phosphorylation of target proteins. However, their ultimate goals are the same: changing the state of an earlier GRN into the next GRN state.
First, we characterize FoxN2/3 in the primary mesenchyme cell (PMC) GRN. Expression of foxN2/3 begins in the descendants of micromeres at the early blastula stage; and then is lost from PMCs at the mesenchyme blastula stage. foxN2/3 expression then shifts to the secondary mesenchyme cells (SMCs) and later to the endoderm. Here we show that, Pmar1, Ets1 and Tbr are necessary for activation of foxN2/3 in the descendants of micromeres. The later endomesoderm expression is independent of the earlier expression of FoxN2/3 in micromeres and independent of signals from PMCs. FoxN2/3 is necessary for several steps in the formation of larval skeleton. A number of proteins are necessary for skeletogenesis, and early expression of at least several of these is dependent on FoxN2/3. Furthermore, knockdown (KD) of FoxN2/3 inhibits normal PMC ingression. PMCs lacking FoxN2/3 protein are unable to join the skeletogenic syncytium and they fail to repress the transfating of SMCs into the skeletogenic lineage. Thus, FoxN2/3 must be present for the PMC GRN to control normal ingression, expression of skeletal matrix genes, prevention of transfating, and control fusion of the PMC syncytium.
Second, we show that the FGF-FGFR1 signaling is required for the oral-aboral axis formation in the sea urchin embryos. Without FGFR1, nodal is induced in all of the cells at the early blastula stage and this ectopic expression of nodal requires active p38 MAP kinase. The loss of oral restriction of nodal expression results in the abnormal organization of PMCs and the larval skeleton; it also induces ectopic expression of oral-specific genes and represses aboral-specific genes. The abnormal oral-aboral axis formation also affected fgf and vegf expression patterns; normally these factors are expressed in two restricted areas of the ectoderm between the oral and the aboral side, but when FGFR1 is knocked down, Nodal expands, and in response the expression of the FGF and VEGF ligands expands, and this in turn affects the abnormal organization of larval skeleton.
Dissertation
34
Fan, Chia-Chun, e 范嘉純. "Determination of the fim related gene expression and cloning the genes that express differently in mRNA level from the culture conditions that favor and inhibit type 1 fimbrial expression in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36525762572690990209.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士臺北醫學大學
醫學研究所
95
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium possesses surface appendages called type 1 fimbriae that carry adhesins specific for mannosylated host glycoconjugates. The expression of type 1 fimbriae is associated with the fim gene cluster within which 9 open reading frames and one tRNA gene are present. Previous observation indicated that serial subculturing of S. Typhimurium in static liquid broth selected for highly type 1 fimbriate bacteria, while solid agar media inhibited the bacteria to produce type 1 fimbriae. The purpose of the present study is on one hand to detect the mRNA expression level of individual fim related gene from static broth and solid agar culture conditions. In addition, those genes that may express differently at static broth and solid agar were identified. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that the mRNA of fimA, fimI, fimD, fimZ, and fimW were present when S. Typhimurium was grown in static broth but were absent when cultured on solid agar. However, S. Typhimurium had more fimC, fimF, and fimY mRNA when grown in static broth than grown on solid agar. GeneFishingTM PCR kit was used to clone the genes that express differently in static broth and solid agar culture conditions. The mRNA of ompC, gph, STM1128, modE, upp, dut, cheY were found to express more in static broth than on the solid agar medium, on the contrary, the mRNA of ytfK, yfgB, uup, ycgB, ndk, aroC were more on solid agar than in the static broth culture. The association between the above identified genes and the fim related genes will be further investigated to elucidate the mechanism that may control the expression of the type 1 fimbriae in S. Typhimurium in response to static broth and solid agar culture conditions.
35
Dangi, Ajay. "Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers : From Design to Applications". Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3737.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ultrasonic sensors are well known for various applications such as NDT, ultrasound imaging, and proximity sensing. Conventional ultrasound transducers are bulky, work at notoriously high voltages, and consume significant power. Microfabrication techniques are leading to a paradigm shift in the field of ultrasonics by enabling development of low power - small footprint ultrasound transducers.
This work focuses on the development of piezoelectric type flexural mode micromachined ultrasound transducer also known as PMUTs. We start by establishing a system level analytical model of a PMUT and use it to offer insights into scaling of the performance of the transducer with respect to various design parameters. In this analysis we give special attention to residual stresses thus establishing a contrast between membrane type and plate type PMUTs. After going through various steps of material development and microfabrication, we obtain arrays of PMUTs with different designs. PZT thin films deposited by sol-gel method are used as the piezoelectric layer in the multilayer stack. Further, we present a thorough characterization of fabricated PMUTs which includes measurement of the piezoelectric properties of the embedded PZT thin film, electrical impedance of the electromechanical transducer, its vibrational charac-teristics and acoustic radiation from a single PMUT cell. We also develop a pre-amplifier circuit for a PMUT receiver and present its working as a simple proximity sensor. After establishing the repeatability and predictability of our PMUT sensors we delve into application development beyond ultrasound imaging. Experiments and analysis of PMUTs submerged in water show strong structural-acoustic coupling between the PMUT membrane and the surrounding fluid. We hypothesize the applicability of this feature to sense changes in the acoustic environment of a PMUT. To this end, we integrate an array of PMUTs with a micro-fluidic chip and study the changes in the vibrational behaviour of the PMUT in response to change in the air-water ratio in a closed cell around a PMUT membrane. We also present our preliminary results on presence of micro-bubbles in the closed cell around the PMUT.