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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Film plastic"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 30 maggio 2022

Ultima modifica: 31 maggio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Film plastic"

Afiifah Radhiyatullah, Novita Indriani e M. Hendra S. Ginting. "PENGARUH BERAT PATI DAN VOLUME PLASTICIZER GLISEROL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FILM BIOPLASTIK PATI KENTANG". Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 4, n. 3 (29 settembre 2015): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v4i3.1479.

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Bioplastics are plastics which can be degraded by microorganisms and is made from renewable materials. Plastic film is made from potato starch (contain of starch that founded in potatoes is 22-28%), glycerol as a plasticizer and acetic acid as a catalyst. The purpose of this reasearch is to determine glycerol variation and starch weight effect on the characteristics of potato starch plastic films. Manufacture of plastic films use blending starch method with potato starch weight variations (10 g, 15 g and 20 g) and glycerol volume variations (0 ml, 1 ml, 2 ml and 3 ml). Bioplastic analysis are FTIR test, tensile strength that is supported by SEM analysis. The results obtained in the FTIR analysis does not form a new cluster on potato starch plastic film, neither on the plastic film with or without glycerol. FTIR results obtained in two plastic film are the change of OH, C = C, and CH groups strain. The strain value of OH group on potato starch is 3579.88 cm-1 turned into 2978.09 cm-1 for plastic film without glycerol while the plastic film with glycerol to be 3541.31 cm -1 and 2970.38 cm-1. C = C group is 1635.64 cm-1turned to 1697.36 cm -1 and 1697.36 cm -1. As for CH group is 2873.79 cm -1 turned to 2877.79 cm -1 and 2870.08 cm -1. And tensile strength of plastic film decreased with increasing glycerol volume. Maximum tensile strength of plastic film occurs when potato starch weight is 10 g and glycerol volume is 0 ml is 9.397 MPa. While SEM results obtained confirm on tensile strength plastic film, where there are voids, indentations and insoluble starch clump starch that can affect the value of tensile strength plastic film.

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Deden, Mohammad, Abdul Rahim e Asrawaty Asrawaty. "SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA EDIBLE FILM PATI UMBI GADUNG PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI". Jurnal Pengolahan Pangan 5, n. 1 (30 giugno 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31970/pangan.v5i1.35.

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Today, the use of synthetic polymers as plastics has an important role in the economy of modern industrial society. Plastic packaging is often used as a food packaging material. However, the use of plastics can pollute the environment, because plastic is difficult to degrade naturally. One alternative to replacing the use of conventional plastics as food packaging is biodegradable plastic called edible film. The use of gadung tuber starch as a raw material for making edible films will not disturb food stability, because gadung is not consumed such as rice, corn and cassava. Gadung tubers are very good for edible film polymer materials containing high carbohydrates. Aim to determine the physical and chemical properties of the edible film starch of gadung tubers at various concentrations. The conclusion is that the optimum conditions for making edible films are good at 6% starch concentration with KA 11.50% and an average thickness of 0.13 mm.

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Bani, Marsi D. S. "Variasi Volume Gliserol terhadap Sifat Fisis Plastik Biodegradable Berbahan Dasar Pati Ubi Kayu (Manihot Esculenta Cranz)". Al-Khwarizmi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 7, n. 1 (14 marzo 2019): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/jpmipa.v7i1.678.

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Abstract:The use of starch as the main ingredient in making plastic has great potential especially in Indonesia with various starch-producing plants. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added with glycerol plasticizer, so that the plastic is more flexible and elastic. In this study, cassava starch (Manihot esculenta cranz) was used and the volume of glycerol as plasticizer was varied by 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml. The aim to be achieved in this study was to determine the volume variation of glycerol against the tensile strength of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastic films made from cassava starch. In addition, to find out what is the density of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastic films made from cassava starch. Cassava starch was obtained by isolating cassava starch 15 grams and then mixed with 2 ml glycerol (varied 3 ml and 4 ml) and 50 ml of aquades then heated while stirring with magnetic stirrer to form a thick dough. The mixture is then printed on a stainless steel mold. The results obtained in the form of thin sheets of plastic film that has been tested for tensile strength and density. After that followed by morphological analysis. The results of the biodegradable plastic characterization for tensile strength of plastic films with volume variations of glycerol 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml respectively as follows: 0.001 Mpa 0.069 Mpa 0.005 Mpa. For the density of biodegradable plastics for variations in volume of glycerol 2 ml, 3 ml and 4 ml respectively 0.0009 g / mm3, 0.0015 g / mm3 and 0.0014 g / mm3.Abstrak:Penggunaan pati sebagai bahan utama pembuatan plastik memiliki potensi yang besar terlebih lagi di Indonesia terdapat berbagai tanaman penghasil pati. Untuk memperoleh bioplastik, pati ditambahkan dengan plastisizer gliserol, sehingga diperoleh plastik yang lebih fleksible dan elastis. Pada penelitian ini digunakan pati ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta cranz) dan volume gliserol sebagai plastisizer divariasikan sebanyak 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi volume Gliserol terhadap kuat tarik film plastik biodegradable ramah lingkungan berbahan dasar pati ubi kayu. Selain itu untuk mengetahui berapa densitas film plastik biodegradable ramah lingkungan berbahan dasar pati ubi kayu. Pati ubi kayu diperoleh dengan mengisolasi pati ubi kayu 15 gram kemudian dicampurkan dengan 2 ml gliserol (divariasikan 3 ml dan 4 ml) dan 50 ml aquades kemudian dipanaskan sambil diaduk dengan magnetik stirerr hingga berbentuk adonan yang kental. Campuran tersebut kemudian dicetak pada cetakan stainless steel. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa lembaran tipis film plastik yang telah diuji kekuatan tarik dan densitasnya. Setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan analisa morfologi. Hasil karakterisasi plastik biodegradable untuk kuat tarik film plastik dengan variasi volume gliserol 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml berturut-turut sebagai berikut: 0.001 Mpa 0,069 Mpa 0.005 Mpa. Untuk densitas dari plastik biodegradable untuk variasi volume gliserol 2 ml, 3 ml dan 4 ml berturut-turut adalah 0.0009 g/mm3, 0.0015 g/mm3 dan 0.0014 g/mm3.

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Sikora, Janusz, Łukasz Majewski e Andrzej Puszka. "Modern Biodegradable Plastics—Processing and Properties: Part I". Materials 13, n. 8 (24 aprile 2020): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081986.

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This paper presents a characterization of a plastic extrusion process and the selected properties of three biodegradable plastic types, in comparison with LDPE (low-density polyethylene). The four plastics include: LDPE, commercial name Malen E FABS 23-D022; potato starch based plastic (TPS-P), BIOPLAST GF 106/02; corn starch based plastic (TPS-C), BioComp®BF 01HP; and a polylactic acid (polylactide) plastic (PLA), BioComp®BF 7210. Plastic films with determined geometric parameters (thickness of the foil layer and width of the flattened foil sleeve) were produced from these materials (at individually defined processing temperatures), using blown film extrusion, by applying different extrusion screw speeds. The produced plastic films were tested to determine the geometrical features, MFR (melt flow rate), blow-up ratio, draw down ratio, mass flow rate, and exit velocity. The tests were complemented by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and chemical structure analysis. It was found that the biodegradable films were extruded at higher rate and mass flow rate than LDPE; the lowest thermal stability was ascertained for the film samples extruded from TPS-C and TPS-P, and that all tested biodegradable plastics contained polyethylene.

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Sikora, Janusz W., Łukasz Majewski e Andrzej Puszka. "Modern Biodegradable Plastics—Processing and Properties Part II". Materials 14, n. 10 (12 maggio 2021): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102523.

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Four different plastics were tested: potato starch based plastic (TPS-P)–BIOPLAST GF 106/02; corn starch based plastic (TPS-C)–BioComp BF 01HP; polylactic acid (polylactide) plastic (PLA)—BioComp BF 7210 and low density polyethylene, trade name Malen E FABS 23-D022; as a petrochemical reference sample. Using the blown film extrusion method and various screw rotational speeds, films were obtained and tested, as a result of which the following were determined: breaking stress, strain at break, static and dynamic friction coefficient of film in longitudinal and transverse direction, puncture resistance and strain at break, color, brightness and gloss of film, surface roughness, barrier properties and microstructure. The biodegradable plastics tested are characterized by comparable or even better mechanical strength than petrochemical polyethylene for the range of film blowing processing parameters used here. The effect of the screw rotational speed on the mechanical characteristics of the films obtained was also demonstrated. With the increase in the screw rotational speed, the decrease of barrier properties was also observed. No correlation between roughness and permeability of gases and water vapor was shown. It was indicated that biodegradable plastics might be competitive for conventional petrochemical materials used in film blowing niche applications where cost, recyclability, optical and water vapor barrier properties are not critical.

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Miao, Lixiang, Yuchao Zhang, Xiaofang Yang, Jinping Xiao, Huiqin Zhang, Ming Jiang, Zuofa Zhang, Yuezhi Wang e Guihua Jiang. "Fruit Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, Related Genes, and Enzyme Activities in Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) Grown under Colored Plastic Films". HortScience 52, n. 9 (settembre 2017): 1241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12062-17.

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The influence of colored plastic films (red, yellow, green, blue, and white) on fruit quality, antioxidant capacity, and gene transcripts was studied in greenhouse-grown strawberries. Fruits grown under white plastic film were used as the controls. Results indicated that there was no difference in single fruit weight due to colored plastic films in the present study. The colored plastic films had significant effects on sugar and organic acid content. The content of total sugar (SUG) was increased by 10.39% and total organic acid (ACID) was decreased by 16.58% in fruit grown under blue plastic film compared with the controls. Fruit grown under blue plastic film had significantly higher SUG content and lower ACID content than fruit subjected to yellow and green plastic films and had the highest SUG/ACID ratio of 11.46. Colored plastic films had significant effects on bioactive compound (anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic) content and antioxidant capacity. The highest level of bioactive compound content was detected under red plastic film. The content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanin (TAC) in fruits grown under red plastic film was respectively 23.10%, 25.37%, and 74.11% higher than that of the fruits grown under the control. The antioxidant capacities were highest in fruits grown under red plastic film. Fruits grown under red and yellow films had higher sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) activity than those fruit covered with green, blue, and white plastic films at whole fruit development stages. Acid invertase (AI) activity was high in fruit grown under green plastic film and declined during development. Blue plastic film had mainly increased the FaSPS and FaAI transcript at the green stage, and decreased the expression of FaSS. It is proposed that colored plastic films can regulate the expression of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, especially FaPAL, FaF3H, FaFGT, and FaMYB10, at half-red and red stages.

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Caballa, Franz Joy A., e Melinda C. Getalado. "Plastic Film from Dioscorea Hispida Dennst KOROT Tuber". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (30 aprile 2019): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd22936.

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An, Bingbing. "Delamination of Stiff Films on Pressure Sensitive Ductile Substrates". International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, n. 02 (marzo 2019): 1950014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825119500145.

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Stiff thin films supported by pressure sensitive ductile solids are an ubiquitous architecture appearing in a wide range of applications. The film rupture and delamination of films are important reliability issues of such an architecture. In this study, we investigate the synergistic effects of plastic deformation of substrates and fracture properties of film/substrate interface on the delamination of films. The focus of this study is on the interplay between the debonding of the interface and the plastic deformation of substrates. Finite deformation analyses are carried out for a stiff film deposited on a soft substrate with the substrate subjected to stretching. The fracture process of film/substrate interface is represented by a cohesive zone model, and the substrate is modeled as an elastic–plastic solid with pressure sensitive and plastically dilatant plastic flow. It is found that increasing the degree of pressure sensitivity of substrate can generate large plastic deformation, promoting crack tip blunting and thereby retarding delamination of film/substrate interface. Whereas, the increase in the degree of plastic dilatancy of substrate gives rise to the limited plastic deformation and leads to poor resistance to interface delamination. The strain hardening of substrate also affects the film/substrate debonding; the substrate with weakly post-yield strain hardening behavior contributes to enhanced resistance to interface delamination. It is further identified that the fracture properties of interface play an important role in activating plastic deformation of substrates. The film/substrate interface with high stiffness, large cohesive strength and high toughness enables the substrate to undergo significant plastic deformation, which suppresses the film/substrate delamination.

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Heitzmann, Michael T., Meng Hou, Martin Veidt e Rowan Paton. "Measurements of Interface Fracture Strength between Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminates and Thin Surface Films Using the Blister Test". Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (febbraio 2011): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.315.

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The blister test is a promising test method to determine the interface fracture toughness of thin films adhering to rigid fibre reinforced plastics. In this paper nonlinear finite element analysis is used to determine a suitable layout for both the shaft loaded and the pressurised blister test. On the example of a PET film adhering to a quasi-isotropic fibre reinforced plastic, it is shown that energy release rates in a range of 0-1500N/m can be obtained for a 0.5mm thick film if test parameters are carefully selected. The two main causes for deviations of the analytic solution from the FEA results is attributed to infringement of the membrane limit condition and plastic deformation in the film.

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Alfrey, T. "Plastic film technology". Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Symposia 51, n. 1 (8 marzo 2007): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polc.5070510115.

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Tesi sul tema "Film plastic"

Marsh, Richard. "Plastic film recycling from waste sources". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56031/.

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This thesis focuses on the thermal recycling of plastic film materials that have originated from waste sources. The problems with waste plastic film recycling are outlined. The key aspects of this work included waste management, economics, logistics, the recycling industry, aspects of polymer science and the effect of the consumer environment on material properties of polymers. The aim of the research was to determine how these problems can be best understood and solved in order to prove that plastic film recycling is a sound opportunity from a financial and engineering point of view. A series of novel experimental studies were designed and performed to evaluate the effect that a film's life-cycle has on the material properties of the product. These studies involved exposing a number of polyethylene samples to factors such as heat cycling and dust contamination whilst measuring the characteristics of the material before and after exposure. Material tests included evaluation of mechanical and rheological properties, crystallinity content and molecular weight. As a natural continuation of the behaviour and characteristic studies already highlighted, two novel products namely a geomembrane and aggregate drainage material were manufactured. Tests were undertaken to determine the suitability of these under harsh environmental conditions. It was found that both materials were capable of meeting specifications laid down for application as engineering barriers. With the effects of a products' life-cycle understood, the investigation then involved the development of a predictive model. This anticipated the effects of these life-cycle factors and calculated the resultant physical properties of a plastic film material once it had been thermally recycled. This model used correlations between the key factor and the crystallinity of the polymer in order to determine the degradative effects. Results showed that key material properties could be modelled to within 15% accuracy of those found by experimental verification. To assess the feasibility of recycling plastic film an economic model was produced to simulate the financial performance of a recycling plant. Model inputs were based on industrial experiences and were used in conjunction with a series of operating parameters to outline economic feasibility. The simulation showed that profitability was closely related to the quality of the input material, the cost of procuring waste feedstocks and the price paid for the final product. Overall the thesis showed that plastic film recycling is a viable concept, provided recyclers sufficiently improve the quality of feedstocks by separation and washing, procure a reliable source of feedstock and operate a facility that is adaptable to changes in material condition. These factors must be undertaken with sound financial management to ensure that a profitable product is produced. Although there is a small number of possible recycled products to be produced from plastic film, more development is needed to create a demand for waste feedstock materials. This will ensure that mandatory recycling targets are met for government and businesses that are required by European legislation. This investigation has outlined many of the key factors to allow film recycling businesses to expand into future markets and produce recycled products of equal quality to that of existing products made from virgin stocks.

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Strater, Kurt F. "Countercurrent cooling of blown film". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66003.

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Chang, Q. "Colorimetric and fluorimetric plastic film sensors for carbon dioxide". Thesis, Swansea University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636226.

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Medical diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients require frequent monitoring of carbon dioxide partial pressure in the human body. Along with the traditional methods (i.e. IR capnography and Severinghaus electrode), colorimetric and fluorimetric CO₂ sensors are playing an increasingly important role in detection of correct intubation, intensive care and blood CO₂ analysis, due to its advantages of cheapness in cost, miniature in size, and mechanically robust. In Chapter One an outline of the recent development of such sensor systems is given, and their applications background in the biomedical area is discussed. Chapter Two focuses on the experimental techniques used in these studies. In Chapters Three and Four the equilibrium responses of three new colorimetric and one fluorescence plastic film sensors for CO₂ as a function of % CO₂ and temperature are described, respectively. The results fit a model in which there is a 1:1 equilibrium reaction between the deprotonated form of the dye (present in the film as an ion pair) and CO₂. The basic theory behind conventional colorimetric and fluorimetric optical sensors for CO₂ is proposed and examined in Chapter Five. Special attention is given to the effect on sensor response of the key parameters of initial base concentration and dye acid dissociation constant, K_D. In Chapter Six the diffusion-controlled response and recovery behaviour of a naked optical film sensor with a hyperbolic-type reponse changes in analyte concentration in a system under test is approximated using a numerical model, followed by a second part in which a systematic, experimental investigation on the kinetics, responses and recovery behaviour of the colorimetric film sensors is described. Finally, in Chapter Seven, a plasticised and unplasticised polymer colorimetric film sensor for gaseous CO₂ is tested as a sensor for dissolved CO₂. The plasticised form of the film sensor develops a measurable degree of opacity when exposed to aqueous solution, while an unplasticised polymer remains largely clear upon exposure to aqueous solution and it is shown that it also functions as a quantitative sensor for dissolved CO₂ over the range 0-4% CO₂.

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Bas, Derek. "Laser Beam Steering with Thin Film GaAs on Plastic". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1277119321.

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Wentzel, John P. "An investigation into surface effects in thin film plastic scintillators". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18348.

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An investigation into the luminescent response of thin film plastic scintillators as a function of their method of preparation is made. Investigations are carried out on NE102A and NE118 using four different methods of preparation. It is found that the Birks model for luminescence as a function of film thickness successfully explains the response in three of the four methods of preparation, but fails to explain the response of thin films prepared on a glass surface. These films show an unexpected non-linearity in their behaviour. It is proposed that the behaviour in these films can be explained in terms of the existence of surface regions in these films. A model based on the existence of these surface regions is prepared. It is further proposed that, in general, the luminescent response of thin films of plastic scintillator is dependent on their method of preparation.

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Lin, Qian. "A Plastic-Based Thick-Film Li-Ion Microbattery for Autonomous Microsensors". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1175.pdf.

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Hur, Sung-ho. "Model based cross-directional monitoring and control of plastic film thickness". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25796.

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The main topics of this research are modelling, fault monitoring, and cross-directional control of a plastic film manufacturing process operated by DuPont Teijin Films Ltd. The developed model is of high dimension and built using the first-principles of chemical and mechanical engineering, such as equations for mass transfer, heat transfer, and the flow of viscous fluids in addition to empirical knowledge related to the behaviour of polymer. The model in turn provides a safe off-line platform for developing new cross-directional control and fault monitoring systems. As with other sheet-forming processes, such as papermaking and steel rolling, the plastic film manufacturing process employs large arrays of actuators spread across a continuously moving sheet to control the cross-directional profiles of key product properties. In plastic manufacturing, the main control property is finished product thickness profile as measured by a scanning gauge downstream from the actuators. The role of the cross-directional control system is to maintain the measured cross-directional profiles of plastic properties on target. The second part of this research develops a novel cross-directional controller, which is in turn demonstrated by application to the first-principles model. Fault monitoring systems can be broadly classified into 3 categories: model-based, data-driven, and knowledge-based. The third part of this research introduces a novel model-based fault monitoring system. The system is demonstrated by application to both the first-principles model and industrial data extracted from the real-life plant.

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Khatami, Hassan. "Influence of titanium dioxide pigments on the thermal and photochemical oxidation of low density polyethylene film". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283081.

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Bastarrachea, Gutiérrez Luis Javier. "Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) film incorporated with nisin characterization, effectiveness against Listeria innocua, and nisin release kinetics /". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/l_bastarrachea_031010.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in biological and agricultural engineering)--Washington State University, May 2010.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 14, 2010). "Department of Biological Systems Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.

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Butterfield, Craig. "A novel laboratory dispersive and distributive minimixer and applications : development of a new minimixer that can duplicate mixing which occurs in a large twin screw extruder". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4930.

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The mixing of additives into a plastic is an extremely important step in the plastics industry, necessary for the manufacture of almost every conceivable product. Therefore the costs in developing new products can prove very expensive as the testing is usually carried out using full scale machines, usually using twin screw extruders because they are able to provide good dispersive and distributive mixing. This is particularly important when compounding difficult to disperse additives and nano-additives. What is required is a machine that can replicate the mixing abilities of a twin-screw extruder but on a laboratory scale. There have been attempts by industry to develop smaller machines, such as the Thermo Scientific HAAKE Minilab II Micro Compounder which processes on the scale of 7 cm3 of material volume. This can be too small for some needs and therefore a machine is required to produce material on the 10g to 100g scale. To this end a laboratory mixer of novel design was devised and its mixing performance was assessed using conductive carbon black and compared against the Thermo Scientific HAAKE Minilab II Micro Compounder, a 19 mm co-rotating twin-screw extruder and a 40 mm co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Carbon black was used because mixing performance can be assessed by measuring the minimum carbon loading necessary to induce electrical conductivity. It was found that the minimixer was able to induce electrical conductivity at loading of 5.75% but the comparison with the other machines proved difficult as the achievement of the threshold at which semi-conductivity occurred appeared independent of shear rate and mixing duration.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Film plastic"

Campbell, G. A. (Gregory A.), a cura di. Film processing. 2^a ed. Munich: Hanser Publishers, 2014.

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Kanai, T. Film processing. Cincinnati, Ohio: Distributed in the USA and in Canada by Hanser Publications, 2011.

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A, Campbell G., a cura di. Film processing. Munich: Hanser Publishers, 1999.

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Kanai, T. Film processing. Cincinnati, Ohio: Distributed in the USA and in Canada by Hanser Publications, 2011.

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Cantor, Kirk. Blown film extrusion. 2^a ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: Hanser Publications, 2011.

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Wicks, Zeno W. Film formation. Philadelphia, PA: Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 1986.

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Pardos, Françoise. Plastic films: Situation and outlook : a Rapra market report. Shawbury: Rapra Technology Limited, 2004.

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FILM-PAK, '87 (1st 1987 Atlanta Ga ). Proceedings of Film-Pak '87: First International Conference on Advanced Films, Foils, and Multilayer Structure. Whippany, N.J. (5th Sharon Dr., Whippany 07981): Ryder Associates, 1987.

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Moore, G. David. Stretch film in the United States--1996: A comprehensive multiclient study of the stretch film industry, April 1996. [Cumming, Ga.]: Moore Associates Consulting, 1996.

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Kopf, Peter W. High-performance plastic films, 1989-1994. Burlington, Mass., USA (17 New England Executive Park, Burlington, 01803): Arthur D. Little, 1989.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Film plastic"

Kaiser, Cletus J. "Plastic Film Capacitors". In The Capacitor Handbook, 41–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-8090-0_3.

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Kumar, Rohitashw, e Vijay P. Singh. "Plastic Film Properties". In Plasticulture Engineering and Technology, 19–38. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003273974-2.

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Penix, Judith A. "Thermoforming of Plastic Film and Sheet". In SPI Plastics Engineering Handbook of the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., 383–427. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7604-4_13.

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Wakai, Fumihiro, e Naoki Kondo. "Solution-Precipitation Creep Model for Superplastic Ceramics with Intergranular Liquid Film". In Plastic Deformation of Ceramics, 269–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1441-5_23.

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Ma, Yu Zhen, S. H. Ye, F. Duan e Y. Zheng. "A Plastic Film Thickness On-Line Detecting System". In Key Engineering Materials, 387–92. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-977-6.387.

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Liu, Hui, Wencai Xu e Dongli Li. "Development of New Plastic Packaging Film for Food Packaging". In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 805–10. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7629-9_99.

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Levine, Mark R., e Essam El Toukhy. "Dysfunctional Tear Film, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Oculoplastic Surgery". In Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 615–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0971-7_41.

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Levine, Mark R., e Essam A. El Toukhy. "Dysfunctional Tear Film, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Oculoplastic Surgery". In Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 505–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41720-8_31.

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Nag, Parbatee, Aniruddha Mukhopadhyay, Amrita Debnath, Anirban Roy e Sampa Chakrabarti. "Degradable Plastic Composite Film—A Comparison Between Photocatalytic and Biodegradation". In Lecture Notes in Bioengineering, 249–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7409-2_25.

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Seo, Jong Hyun, Jae Hong Jeon e Hee Hwan Choe. "Prevention of Thin Film Failures for PECVD Amorphous-Si on Plastic Substrate". In Solid State Phenomena, 387–90. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-31-0.387.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Film plastic"

Eigenmann, Hans P., W. Lobsiger e Rudolf Suter. "New developments in ophthalmic coatings on plastic lenses". In Third International Conference on Thin Film Physics and Applications, a cura di Shixun Zhou, Yongling Wang, Yi-Xin Chen e Shuzheng Mao. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.300648.

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Takayama, T., Y. Ohno, Y. Goto, A. Machida, M. Fujita, J. Maruyama, K. Kato, J. Koyama e S. Yamazaki. "A CPU on a plastic film substrate". In Digest of Technical Papers. 2004 Symposium on VLSI Technology, 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsit.2004.1345496.

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He, Ping, Chao Liu, Qi Li e Shengmei Cao. "Non-contact measurement of plastic film thickness". In 2014 33rd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2014.6896241.

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Carey, Paul G., Patrick M. Smith, Steven D. Theiss, Paul Wickboldt e Thomas W. Sigmon. "Polycrystalline thin-film transistors on plastic substrates". In Electronic Imaging '99, a cura di Bruce Gnade e Edward F. Kelley. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.344632.

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Ray, W. F. "Interpretation of ratings for plastic film capacitors". In IEE Colloquium on Capacitors and Inductors for Power Electronics. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19960350.

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Gu, Mu, Lijun You, Xiaolin Liu, Chen Ni, Shiming Huang e Bo Liu. "Fabrication and photoluminescence properties of ST-401 plastic scintillation films". In Sixth International Conference on Thin Film Physics and Applications. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.792580.

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Laukhina, E., V. Laukhin, M. Mas-Torrent, C. M. Creely, D. V. Petrov, J. Veciana e C. Rovira. "High Piezoresistive Organic Film for Plastic Pressure Sensors". In TRANSDUCERS 2007 - 2007 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensor.2007.4300616.

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Torsi, L., G. M. Farinola, F. Marinelli, D. Angione, O. Hassan Omar, L. Valli, G. Giancane et al. "Organic thin film transistors as plastic chiral sensors". In 2008 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2008.4716686.

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Zhao, Dalong A., Devin A. Mourey e Thomas N. Jackson. "Flexible plastic substrate ZnO thin film transistor circuits". In 2009 67th Annual Device Research Conference (DRC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drc.2009.5354938.

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Heremans, Paul, Jan Genoe, Soeren Steudel, Kris Myny, Steve Smout, Peter Vicca, Christiane Grillberger et al. "Thin-film transistors and circuits on plastic foil". In 2009 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iedm.2009.5424346.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Film plastic"

Rongsen, L. The Application of Plastic Film Technology in China. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.179.

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Percival, Stephen J. Protective Plastic Film Removal from Stainless Steel for Reytek Corporation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1592897.

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Berland, B., D. Kershner, N. Gomez, P. Swanson, R. Schaller, L. Davenport, M. Guy et al. Low Cost Electrochromic Film on Plastic for Net-Zero Energy Buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1095124.

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Gilbert, G., E. Guyer e D. Brownell. Plastic film heat exchanger development project field test at Prime Tanning Company, Phase 3. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5255589.

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Reed, David W., Jeffrey A. Lacey e Vicki S. Thompson. Separation and processing of plastic films. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1468644.

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Bourcier, R. J., J. J. Sniegowski e V. L. Porter. A novel method to characterize the elastic/plastic deformation response of thin films. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/399701.

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Wilkins, Justin, Andrew McQueen, Joshua LeMonte e Burton Suedel. Initial survey of microplastics in bottom sediments from United States waterways. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), settembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42021.

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Abstract (sommario):

Given the reported extent of microplastics in the aquatic environment, environmentally relevant exposure information for sediments dredged by the US Army Corps of Engineers will lend context to the risks posed by this contaminant during dredging. We measured the occurrence, abundance, and polymer composition of microplastics in sediments collected from nine dredged waterways and two non-dredged reference areas. The number of particles in sediment samples ranged from 162 to 6110 particles/kg dry wt., with a mean of 1636 particles/kg dry wt. Fragments were the most prevalent shape observed among the 11 study sites (100% frequency of occurrence), followed by fibers (81%), spheres (75%), foams (38%) and films (34%). Based on analyses of chemical composition of the particles using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, polyethylene:propylene was the most common polymer type observed. Consistent with results presented by other investigators microplastic concentrations and polymer types in bottom sediments in this study were also aligned with the most widely used plastics worldwide.

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VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton e Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, ottobre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.

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In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.

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Droby, Samir, Joseph W. Eckert, Shulamit Manulis e Rajesh K. Mehra. Ecology, Population Dynamics and Genetic Diversity of Epiphytic Yeast Antagonists of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, ottobre 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568777.bard.

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One of the emerging technologies is the use of microbial agents for the control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. A number of antagonistic microorganisms have been discovered which have the potential to effectively control postharvest diseases. Some of this technology has been patented and commercial products such as AspireTM (Ecogen Corporatin, Langhorne, PA, USA), Biosave 10TM and Biosave 11TM (Ecoscience Inc., Worchester, MA, USA) have been registered for commercial use. The principal investigator of this project was involved in developing the yeast-based biofungicide-AspireTM and testing its efficacy under commercial conditions. This research project was initiated to fill the gap between the knowledge available on development and commercial implementation of yeast biocontrol agents and basic understanding of various aspects related to introducing yeast antagonists to fruit surfaces, along with verification of population genetics. The main objectives of this study were: Study ecology, population dynamics and genetic diversity of the yeast antagonists Candida guilliermondii, C. oleophila, and Debaryomyces hansenii, and study the effect of preharvest application of the yeast antagonist C. oleophila naturally occurring epiphytic microbial population and on the development of postharvest diseases of citrus fruit during storage. Our findings, which were detailed in several publications, have shown that an epiphytic yeast population of grapefruit able to grow under high osmotic conditions and a wide range of temperatures was isolated and characterized for its biocontrol activity against green mold decay caused by Penicillium digitatum. Techniques based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-PCR), as well as homologies between sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and 5.8S gene, were used to characterize the composition of the yeast population and to determine the genetic relationship among predominant yeast species. Epiphytic yeasts exhibiting the highest biocontrol activity against P. digitatum on grapefruit were identified as Candida guilliermondii, C. oleophila, C. sake, and Debaryomyces hansenii, while C. guilliermondii was the most predominant species. RAPD and ap-PCR analysis of the osmotolerant yeast population showed two different, major groups. The sequences of the ITS regions and the 5.8S gene of the yeast isolates, previously identified as belonging to different species, were found to be identical. Following the need to develop a genetically marked strain of the yeast C. oleophila, to be used in population dynamics studies, a transformation system for the yeast was developed. Histidine auxotrophy of C. oloephila produced using ethyl methanesulfonate were transformed with plasmids containing HIS3, HIS4 and HIS5 genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In one mutant histidin auxotrophy was complemented by the HIS5 gene of S. cerevisiae is functionally homologous to the HIS5 gene in V. oleophila. Southern blot analysis showed that the plasmid containing the S. cerevisiae HIS5 gene was integrated at a different location every C. oleophila HIS+ transformant. There were no detectable physiological differences between C. oleophila strain I-182 and the transformants. The biological control ability of C. oleophila was not affected by the transformation. A genetically marked (with b-glucuronidase gene) transformant of C. oleophila colonized wounds on orange fruits and its population increased under field conditions. Effect of preharvest application of the yeast C. oleophila on population dynamics of epiphytic microbial population on wounded and unwounded grapefruit surface in the orchard and after harvest was also studied. In addition, the effect of preharvest application of the yeast C. oleophila on the development of postharvest decay was evaluated. Population studies conducted in the orchard showed that in control, non-treated fruit, colonization of wounded and unwounded grapefruit surface by naturally occurring filamentous fungi did not vary throughout the incubation period on the tree. On the other hand, colonization of intact and wounded fruit surface by naturally occurring yeasts was different. Yeasts colonized wounded surface rapidly and increased in numbers to about two orders of magnitude as compared to unwounded surface. On fruit treated with the yeast and kept on the tree, a different picture of fungal and yeast population had emerged. The detected fungal population on the yeast-treated intact surface was dramatically reduced and in treated wounds no fungi was detected. Yeast population on intact surface was relatively high immediately after the application of AspireTM and decreased to than 70% of that detected initially. In wounds, yeast population increased from 2.5 x 104 to about 4x106 after 72 hours of incubation at 20oC. Results of tests conducted to evaluate the effect of preharvest application of AspireTM on the development of postharvest decay indicated the validity of the approach.

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Health hazard evaluation report: evaluation of exposures and symptoms from heat sealing operations at a plastic film assembly facility. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, maggio 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshhhe201401113280.

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