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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Fishes – Nutrition – Requirements"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 5 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Fishes – Nutrition – Requirements"

Bowen, Stephen H. "Dietary Protein Requirements of Fishes — A Reassessment". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, n. 11 (1 novembre 1987): 1995–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-244.

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It is widely believed that fishes require more dietary protein than other vertebrates. Many aspects of fish physiology, nutrition, and trophic ecology have been interpreted within the context of this high protein requirement. Here, fishes are compared with terrestrial homeotherms in terms of (1) protein requirement for maintenance, (2) relative protein concentration in the diet required for maximum growth rate, (3) protein intake rate required for maximum growth rate, (4) efficiency of protein retention in growth, and (5) weight of growth achieved per weight of protein ingested. The two animal groups compared differ only in relative protein concentration in the diet required for maximum growth rate. This difference is explained in terms of homeotherms' greater requirement for energy and does not reflect absolute differences in protein requirement. The remaining measures of protein requirement suggest that fishes and terrestrial homeotherms are remarkably similar in their use of protein as a nutritional resource. Reinterpretation of the role of protein in fish physiology, nutrition, and trophic ecology is perhaps in order.

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Dong, Yu-Wen, Wei-Dan Jiang, Yang Liu, Pei Wu, Jun Jiang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang et al. "Threonine deficiency decreased intestinal immunity and aggravated inflammation associated withNF-κBandtarget of rapamycinsignalling pathways in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after infection withAeromonas hydrophila". British Journal of Nutrition 118, n. 2 (28 luglio 2017): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517001830.

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AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impacts of dietary threonine on intestinal immunity and inflammation in juvenile grass carp. Six iso-nitrogenous semi-purified diets containing graded levels of threonine (3·99–21·66 g threonine/kg) were formulated and fed to fishes for 8 weeks, and then challenged withAeromonas hydrophilafor 14 d. Results showed that, compared with optimum threonine supplementation, threonine deficiency (1) decreased the ability of fish against enteritis, intestinal lysozyme activities (except in the distal intestine), acid phosphatase activities, complement 3 (C3) and C4 contents and IgM contents (except in the proximal intestine (PI)), and it down-regulated the transcript abundances ofliver-expressed antimicrobial peptide(LEAP)-2A,LEAP-2B,hepcidin, IgZ, IgMandβ-defensin1(except in the PI) (P<0·05); (2) could up-regulate intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokinesTNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6, IL-8andIL-17DmRNA levels partly related toNF-κBsignalling; (3) could down-regulate intestinal anti-inflammatory cytokinetransforming growth factor(TGF)-β1,TGF-β2,IL-4/13A(notIL-4/13B) andIL-10mRNA levels partly by target of rapamycin signalling. Finally, on the basis of the specific growth rate, against the enteritis morbidity and IgM contents, the optimum threonine requirements were estimated to be 14·53 g threonine/kg diet (4·48 g threonine/100 g protein), 15.05 g threonine/kg diet (4·64 g threonine/100 g protein) and 15·17 g threonine/kg diet (4·68 g threonine/100 g protein), respectively.

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Donnelly, Carolyn P., A. W. Trites e D. D. Kitts. "Possible effects of pollock and herring on the growth and reproductive success of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus): insights from feeding experiments using an alternative animal model, Rattus norvegicus". British Journal of Nutrition 89, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002750.

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The decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the Gulf of Alaska appears to have been associated with a switch of diet from one dominated by fatty forage fishes (such as herring; Clupea pallasi) to one dominated by low-fat fish (such as pollock; Theragra chalcogramma). Observations made during the decline include reduced body size of sea lions, low pregnancy rates, and high mortality. We used the general mammalian model, the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus), to test whether changing the quality of prey consumed could cause changes in size and reproductive performance. Five groups of twelve female, weanling rats were fed diets composed of herring (H), pollock (P), pollock supplemented with herring oil (PH), pollock supplemented with pollock oil (PP), or a semi-purified diet (ICN). Mean body weights were greatest for H, followed by PH, P, PP and finally ICN, although ICN was the only group significantly different from the others (P<0·05). Food intakes before mating were 10 % higher for groups on the lower-fat diets (P and ICN), resulting in similar energy intakes in all groups. The protein efficiency ratio was highest for the H diet, slightly lower for all pollock diets, and significantly lower for ICN (P<0·05). The fetal weights for mothers fed P were significantly reduced (P<0·05). The present study shows that the energy content was a major limiting factor in the nutritional quality of pollock. When food intake was adjusted to meet energetic requirements, there were no detrimental consequences from eating pollock. However, supplementation of pollock meal with additional pollock oil may reduce growth and reproductive performance, although the reasons for this were not apparent.

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Deaville, E. R., e H. Galbraith. "Effects of dietary yeast and protein supplementation on growth and fibre characteristics of british angora goats". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (marzo 1990): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600018511.

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The growing need to diversify animal production in the UK has Increased the interest in indigenous fibre production. Mohair production from Angora goats 1n this country dates back as recently as 1981 with the Importation of 15 Angora does and 3 bucks from New Zealand (Ryder, 1987). To date this production remains a very small enterprise producing less than 0.2% of the world's mohair production (Fisher, 1989) and is compared with an estimated 40% of the world's mohair Imported annually in the UK, valued at approximately £35 million (Fisher, 1989).There is relatively little information available concerning the nutritional requirements of British Angora goats in relation to mohair production. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of feeding basal diets supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yea -Sacc, Alltech, Europe) and additional protein on growth performance, selected blood metabolites and fibre (mohair) growth 1n Angora goats.

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Hassan, Mozaffar W., e Edward J. Catapane. "Physiology of two monocentric chytrids: comparative nutritional studies of Entophlyctis sp. and Entophlyctis aureus (Chytridiales)". Canadian Journal of Botany 78, n. 1 (7 marzo 2000): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-167.

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This paper describes physiological characteristics of Entophlyctis sp. and Entophlyctis aureus Fisher. The two chytrids grew best at 20-25°C in a chemically defined medium, and at 20-30°C in nutrient solutions containing bactotryptone and glucose. The range of pH that supported good growth was 6.5-8.5. Both organisms utilized ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, several amino acids, and glucose, fructose, mannose, maltose, and raffinose. They were prototrophic with respect to vitamin requirements, and vitamin mixture at a concentration of 10 µg/mL inhibited growth. They are physiologically similar to Entophlyctis confervae-glomeratae (Cienkowski) Sparrow.Key words: Entophlyctis sp., Entophlyctis aureus, Entophlyctis confervae-glomeratae.

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Ditrich, Iryna, Tetyana Silchuk e Tetiana Tuz. "Technology Development of Immediately Fished Cuttings for Restaurants". Restaurant and hotel consulting. Innovations 4, n. 1 (22 giugno 2021): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7468.4.1.2021.234832.

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The topicality. The current state of nutrition of Ukraine population is analyzed in the article, draws conclusions about the possible improvement of the situation by creating products from fish raw materials with the addition of functional food ingredients of plant origin, which will have improved organoleptic characteristics and increased energy and nutritional value, as well as recommended as a functional product in the diet of certain categories of the population. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the recipe of a new type of fish semi-finished products “Zrazy fish slices chopped with poppy and sesame seeds” with enrichment with their functional ingredients. The object of research is the technology of the semi-finished product “Zrazy fish cut with poppy and sesame seeds”. The subject of the study are semi-finished products “Zrazy fish slices”, semi-finished products “Zrazy fish slices with poppy seeds and sesame seeds”, Atlantic mackerel fillets (DSTU 4378: 2006), sesame seeds (DSTU 7012: 2009) and poppy seeds (DSTU 7696: 2015). Research methods: the research was based on methods of theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, and calculation, organoleptic. Results. The results of theoretical and experimental research of creation of technology of fish semi-finished product “Zrazy fish cut with poppy and sesame seeds” of functional purpose have been shown. The chemical composition of the main raw material of the dish – Atlantic mackerel has been analyzed and its advantages in the recipe composition have been proved. Possibility of using poppy seeds and sesame seeds as functional ingredients in the dish has been confirmed. The organoleptic parameters of the dish were studied and the optimal ratio of poppy seeds and sesame seeds in breadcrumbs has been determined. The nutritional, energy value and vitamin-mineral composition of the dish “Fish slices chopped with poppy and sesame seeds” have been calculated. Conclusions and discussions. The traditional recipe of the dish “Zrazy fish cut” has been analyzed. The expediency of modification of the traditional recipe due to the complete replacement of the main fish raw material with Atlantic mackerel fillet and the functional ingredients introduction of plant origin, namely poppy seeds and sesame seeds in breadcrumbs zrazy has been proved. The optimal content of poppy seeds and sesame seeds has been determined in the recipe of the dish “Fish cut with poppy seeds and sesame seeds”, which is 1.2% of poppy seeds and 0.6% of sesame seeds in breadcrumbs. It has been found that the variant of the recipe № 3 dishes “Zrazy fish slices cut with poppy and sesame seeds” has the best organoleptic quality indicators: harmonious taste properties, and due to the introduction of breading poppy and sesame seeds acquire an attractive and original appearance. It has been proved that the introduction of Atlantic mackerel fish fillets, poppy seeds and sesame seeds into the recipe composition allows to significantly increase the content of fats (5 times chopped fish with poppy seeds and sesame seeds) in fats (5 times), unsaturated fatty acids (4.5 times) , PUFA (6.9 times). The content of such minerals as calcium, magnesium, iron, and vitamins B2, B3, B6, PP, K, D in the dish increased by more than 50%. The latest recipe “Fish cut with poppy and sesame seeds” ensures the absorption of calcium in full due to the presence in its chemical composition of the optimal ratio of Ca: P: Mg = 1: 1,48: 0,5. The energy value of the dish has increased almost 1.5 times. The degree of daily nutrient requirements for men of the III working age group aged 30 to 39 years of the dish “Fish cut with poppy and sesame seeds” in such as dietary fiber (13.05%), PUFA (36.6%), calcium (12.99%), magnesium (18.88%), phosphorus (19.23%), vitamin D (258.4%).

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Cahyani, Reni Tri, Stephanie Bija e Leny Tang Nga Sugi. "Karakteristik ikan bulan-bulan (Megalops cyprinoides) dan potensinya sebagai tepung untuk fortifikasi pangan". Teknologi Pangan : Media Informasi dan Komunikasi Ilmiah Teknologi Pertanian 11, n. 2 (24 agosto 2020): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/tp.v11i2.2030.

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Fish is very good for health because it contains various important nutrients such as protein, fat, and minerals. Food fortification uses fish’s sources is an effort to obtain physiological effects and improve the nutritional status of fortified foods. This study aims to examine the potential of Bulan-bulan fish (Megalops cyprinoides) as flour for food fortification. This research was divided into two stages, namely characterization of the fresh fish and preliminary analysis of its potential as fish flour. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the edible portion of fresh fish was only 42.81%, whereas the remaining of 57.19% was processing waste. The fish had a high protein content of 21.43%, fat content was 13.32%, ash content was 12.80%, moisture content was 42.29% and carbohydrate content was 10.19%. The yield of the fish flour was 22.75%, with sensory characteristics: powdered form; clean, normal, and bright appearance; bright brownish yellow color; specific aroma; non-lumpy and quite dry texture. The Protein content of the fish flour was 55.44% which comply with the protein’s requirement of quality II fish flour.

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Neupane, Prajina, Madhusudhan Adhikari, Manita Kumari Thapa e Astha Kiran Pandeya. "Bio-Floc Technology: Prospects & Challenges in Fish Farming of Nepal". International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, n. 2 (25 giugno 2020): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v8i2.28933.

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Bio-floc technology is the blue revolution in aquaculture & new technique of enhancing water quality & utilizing feed wastes in the aquaculture system. It follows the concept of conversion of ammonium in addition to organic nitrogenous wastes into bacterial biomass in where heterotrophic bacterial growth is stimulated & nitrogen uptake through the production of microbial proteins is promoted by the addition of carbohydrates to the pond. Nitrogen generated by uneaten feed and excreta of cultured organisms is converted into proteinaceous feed available for those same organisms. This technique recycles nutrients & nitrogenous wastes by maintaining a high carbon: nitrogen ratio and provides essential & higher quality nutrition to the shrimps & fishes in achieving fast growth, lesser FCR & possibility to prevent diseases. Water requirement in BFT is extremely less & it is advantageous than the conventional system where there is continuous water & nutrient recycling, lower FCR. On the other hand, many challenges are existing in practicing bio-floc in Nepal as it requires frequent pond monitoring by the technical manpower. The choice of carbon source should be made wisely and correctly as the performance of fish and water quality in the bio-floc ponds depend highly upon carbon source. Further, vitamins required for fish may not be produced by microbes thus needed to identify them and supply through the feed. However, the practice of bio-floc technology will be proven worth for farmers in Nepal. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(2): 140-145

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YOUSFI, Mimoun EL, Denis BREUILLÉ, Isabelle PAPET, Stéphanie BLUM, Marc ANDRÉ, Laurent MOSONI, Philippe DENIS, Caroline BUFFIÈRE e Christiane OBLED. "Increased tissue protein synthesis during spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease in HLA-B27 rats". Clinical Science 105, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2003): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20020313.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are associated with an increased whole-body protein turnover. In certain drug-induced experimental models of IBD, disturbances of protein synthesis in tissues have been reported recently, but it is unclear if similar disturbances occur in other chronic intestinal diseases. Therefore we investigated changes in protein synthesis in different tissues of HLA-B27 (human leucocyte antigen B27) transgenic rats that develop spontaneously chronic inflammation, with major involvement of the colon. Protein synthesis rate in HLA-B27 rats was shown to be higher in nine different tissues compared with control (Fisher 344) rats. The absolute rate of protein synthesis was highly stimulated at the main inflammatory site (+290% in the colon). However, liver, muscle and skin appeared to be major contributors to the increased protein synthesis observed at the whole-body level. Despite the increased protein synthesis, HLA-B27 rats presented a marked atrophy of muscles, which suggests an increased proteolysis. These results contrast with metabolic disturbances described in acute inflammation and colitis induced by drugs (i.e. dextran sodium sulphate). The present study suggests that the modifications of protein metabolism are strongly influenced by the type of the inflammatory diseases and thus by the underlying mechanisms, which result in different metabolic adaptations and specific nutritional requirements.

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Alemu, Abebe, e Hossein Azadi. "Fish Value Chain and Its Impact on Rural Households’ Income: Lessons Learned from Northern Ethiopia". Sustainability 10, n. 10 (18 ottobre 2018): 3759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103759.

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These days, one of the global challenges is the growing demand for food. To be more specific, seafood bases play a key role in filling the nutritional requirements of human beings. In Africa (Ethiopia) the public expenses to improve productive capacity in aquatic food are increasing. Additionally, the expenses in dams and in fishers’ capacity building have increased households’ engagement in the fishery sector in Ethiopia. Cooperatives’ productive capacity has been strengthened by the government and other non-government organizations with the supply of fishing boats, refrigerators, fish nets and other office supplies. However, the effect of such public expenses in bringing changes in the households’ livelihood and welfare has never been assessed in this study area. This paper aims to investigate what motivates the households to fish and assess the effect of fisheries on the households’ livelihood and welfare. A structured survey consisting of 313 rural households was administered using trained enumerators in two kebeles located close to the Tekeze dam, Northern Ethiopia. The result indicates that socioeconomic characteristics, such as age (young), sex, education, and active family size were driving the households to fishing. Access to market and access to support are driving farmers to fisheries. There is a significant difference in fishing households’ income which is higher than non-fishing households. The results also indicate that there are lesser income inequalities among fishery households operating in cooperatives compared to private fishery households.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Fishes – Nutrition – Requirements"

Daniel, Simon James. "Investigations into the nutritional requirements of juvenile dusky kob, Argyrosomus japonicus (Pisces sciaendae), under ambient culture conditions". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002602.

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The effect of dietary protein, protein and energy ratios, fish meal replacement by Soya bean meal and feeding frequency was investigated on the growth, feed efficiency and body composition, of juvenile dusky kob, Argyrosomus japonicus. The effect of dietary protein levels was investigated by comparing isocaloric diets containing 35, 40, 45 and 55% protein. Dietary protein inclusion level significantly affected specific growth rates, feed efficiency and body composition (in terms of fat deposition) and results show that a minimum of 45% and maximum of 52.3% dietary protein is optimal. The protein and energy requirements were investigated by comparing three protein levels (35,40 and 45%) with three lipid levels (6, 9 and 12%) in a 3x3 factorial design. A diet 45% protein and 9% lipid, with a P: E ratio of29 mglkJ and DE of 15.5 kJ/g resulted in an optimal specific growth rate (1.6± 0.2), feed efficiency (FCR= 1.7±0.44; PER= 1.36) and body composition for A. japonicus. To investigate the effect of partial fish meal replacement by Soya bean meal (SBM) in the diet, 20-50% of the protein from fish meal was substituted by protein from SBM, and were compared with a control diet containing only fish meal. No significant differences in the specific growth rates, feed efficiencies and the body composition were recorded for the fish fed the control diet and for fish fed the 20 and 30% SBM treatments. Results show that up to 30% of the protein from fish meal can be replaced with protein from SBM in the diet of this species. The effect of feeding frequency and gut evacuation time was investigated by comparing four feeding frequencies. Fish were fed to satiation either once, twice, three or four times a day. Feed intake was significantly affected by feeding frequency and fish fed 2, 3 and 4 meals a day ate significantly more food (p< 0.05) than the fish fed one meal a day. No significant differences (p> 0.05) in the specific growth rates, feed efficiencies and body composition were recorded for fish fed 2, 3 and 4 times a day. Feed intake was used to calculate an optimal daily ration and feeding two meals a day resulted in an optimal daily ration of 4% BW/day. A gut evacuation time of 7.25 hours indicates that fish fed twice a day probably had sufficient time to digest their food and evacuate their guts, resulting in the same daily feed intake as fish given 3 and 4 meals a day. Results conclude that under the present experimental conditions, a minimum daily ration of 4% BW/day, fed twice a day (in the morning and evening) is required for optimal growth (SGR= 1.33± 0.1), feed efficiency (FCR= 1.96± 0.4; PER= 1.44± 0.2) and body composition in juvenile dusky kob.

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Irish, Abigail. "Investigations into the dietary protein requirements of juvenile spotted grunter, Pomadasys commersonnii (Haemulidae : Pisces)". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005137.

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The proximate composition of juvenile spotted grunter, Pomadasys commersonnii and their major prey items were analyzed to test the hypothesis that the dietary protein requirements would approximate the composition of the natural diet. The amino acid profile of juvenile P. commersonnii was analyzed to establish the pattern of limiting amino acids for this species. Juvenile P. commersonnii feed primarily on the mysid, Mesopodopsis slabberi, which has a protein content of 58.27±0.04% and a calorific value of 19.2kJ/g. The first-limiting essential amino acid for this fish was found to be lysine and it was predicted that the optimal dietary protein requirement would be between 50 and 60%. The optimal dietary protein inclusion level was investigated by feeding semi-purified diets containing graded levels of protein, ranging from 37-62%. Maximum growth was found to occur at dietary protein levels ranging from 40-51%. The best food conversion ratio was achieved at 56% dietary protein and the best protein efficiency ratio was obtained at a dietary protein inclusion level of 37-40%. The protein to energy ratio was defined by feeding 3 different protein levels at 3 different P:E levels. These semi-purified diets contained 35, 45 or 55% protein and 6, 8 or 12% dietary lipid, resulting in protein to energy ratios ranging from 21.1 to 42.3mg/kJ. The optimal P:E ratio for this species was found to be 26.7mg/kJ. This diet effected a low food conversion ratio (1.72±0.19), a low hepatosomatic index (4.01±0.23) and a high specific growth rate (5.96±0.36). The essential amino acid requirements of juvenile P. commersonnii were investigated. Semi-purified diets were formulated to contain graded levels of crystalline lysine based on the amino acid profile of the whole body and fed to the fish for a period of 60 days. Fish fed the "ideal protein" diet had significantly higher (p<0.05) specific growth rates (2.95±0.18), protein efficiency ratios (0.41±0.05) and significantly lower (p<0.05) food conversion ratios (3.02±0.29). Lysine levels in the whole body increased with increasing levels of supplemented lysine. The dietary requirement of lysine was found to be 4.30% of dietary protein. The crude protein digestibility of six protein sources was investigated. Diets were prepared with 1% chromic oxide as an internal marker. The tested protein sources included low temperature Danish fishmeal, steam dried Chilean fishmeal, blood meal, carcass meal, defatted soyabean meal and Spirulina meal. These potential fishmeal substitutes were selected due to their favourable amino acid profiles, and in particular their high levels of lysine, and their high protein content. Both the animal and the plant protein sources were highly digestible. Digestibility co-efficients ranged from 66.09% for Spirulina meal to 73.38% for low temperature Danish fishmeal. The results have shown that juvenile spotted grunter require a minimum of 40% crude protein in their diet, a P:E ratio of 26.7mg/kJ and a lysine concentration of 4.30% of the dietary protein. Long term growth trials are needed to confirm these results. The hypothesis that the proximate composition of the natural diet, and the proximate composition of the animal under investigation, provides a reliable indication of the animals' nutritional requirements was shown to be valid. Differences between the predicted, and the empirically determined optimal protein and protein:energy ratios were slight.

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Woolley, Lindsey. "The development of a practical diet for juvenile dusky kob, Argyrosomus japonicus, for the South African mariculture industry". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1568/.

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Houston, Sam James Silver. "Assessing EPA + DHA requirements of Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax : impacts on growth, composition and lipid metabolism". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27444.

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The gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) require n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for optimal growth and health. Due to the rapid growth of global aquaculture the quantity of marine oils used in aquafeeds has been limited, yet the overall quantity of oil in an aquafeed has increased by the addition of vegetable oil (VO) to supply dietary energy. For aquaculture to continue to grow more fish must be produced with less marine ingredients, yet EPA and DHA must be maintained at levels above fish requirements. This project set out to re-evaluate the requirement for EPA and DHA in gilthead seabream and European seabass. Two dose-response studies were designed and executed where juvenile seabream and seabass were fed one of six levels of EPA+DHA (0.2 – 3.2 % as fed). Biometric data were collected and analysed to determine new requirement estimates for EPA+DHA for fish of two weight ranges (24 – 80 g and 80 – 200 g). The effects of the dietary LC-PUFA gradient on lipid composition and metabolism were also considered.

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Salman, Nadir Abd. "Nutritional and physiological effects of dietary NaCl on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) and its application in fish culture". Thesis, University of Dundee, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330019.

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Klein, Sidnei. "Níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para o pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) cultivado em tanques rede". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2011. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1962.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:13:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sidnei Klein.pdf: 674707 bytes, checksum: 12d531ad9dbec523abd994dd964a51c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18
Itaipu Binacional
The present study aimed evaluate the performance of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) reared in cages in the Itaipu Reservoir, fed diets with different protein levels. The experiment was conducted at the Centre for Development of Technology for fish farming in cages, located along the Biological Refuge of Santa Helena - PR, for a period of 74 days. We used 2.000 fish with average weight of 150,5 ± 2,1 g distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates in 20 cages, with 5,0 m3 of usable volume, and the experimental unit consists of a tank with 100 fish. The treatments consisted of five extruded feeds with different crude protein levels (18,5; 20,7; 23,7; 25,6; and 28,3%). The feeding was performed three times daily until satiation of the animals. After the experiment were measured the parameters of growth performance, hematology, carcass yield and fillet chemical composition. The Average final weight, weight gain and daily weight gain was statistically different (P<0,05), showing a quadratic effect. We used linear effect on feed conversion. After the derivation of the equations the average final weight was greater for fish fed 25,9% CP and greater weight gain was observed with 25,8% CP. The parameters of carcass yield showed no significant difference (P>0,05). For chemical composition only moisture and ether extract showed significant differences, showing a linear effect for both, with an inverse correlation between these parameters, as increased levels of protein in the diet increased moisture and decreased the ether extract. There were no statistical differences in the hematological and biochemical variables, showing that protein levels contained in the diets did not influence the physiological status of fish. According to the results, we recommend the use of feed containing 25,8% crude protein for pacu (P. mesopotamicus) juvenile, reared in cages system.
O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho produtivo de pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) cultivados em tanques rede no reservatório da Itaipu Binacional, alimentados com rações contendo diferentes níveis de proteína bruta. O experimento foi realizado no Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia para Piscicultura em Tanques rede, localizado junto ao Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena - PR, por um período de 74 dias. Foram utilizados 2.000 peixes com peso médio de 150,5±2,1g distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições em 20 tanques rede, com 5,0 m³ de volume útil por tanque rede, sendo a unidade experimental composta por um tanque com 100 peixes. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco rações extrusadas com diferentes níveis de proteína bruta (18,5; 20,7; 23,7; 25,6 e 28,3 %). O arraçoamento foi efetuado três vezes ao dia, até a saciedade aparente dos animais. Ao término do experimento foram aferidos os parâmetros de desempenho zootécnico, rendimento de carcaça, composição química dos filés e hematologia. O peso final médio, ganho de peso e ganho de peso diário apresentaram efeito quadrático (p<0,05). Foram observados efeito linear para conversão alimentar. Após a derivação das equações o maior peso final médio ocorreu para peixes alimentados com 25,9% PB e o maior ganho de peso foi observado com 25,8% PB. Os parâmetros de rendimento de carcaça não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p>0,05). Para composição química a umidade e o extrato etéreo apresentaram efeito linear, com relação inversa entre estes parâmetros. O aumento do nível de proteína bruta na dieta elevou o percentual de umidade e reduziu a porcentagem de extrato etéreo. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para as variáveis hematológicas e bioquímicas, demonstrando que os níveis protéicos contidos nas dietas não influenciaram na higidez dos peixes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, recomenda-se a utilização de ração contendo 25,8% de proteína bruta para juvenis de pacu (P. mesopotamicus), criados em sistema de tanques rede.

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Libri sul tema "Fishes – Nutrition – Requirements"

Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2011.

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Tacon, Albert G. J. Standard methods for the nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp. Redmond, Wash: Argent Laboratories Press, 1990.

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Board on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Fish Nutrition. e Board on Agriculture. Committee on Animal Nutrition., a cura di. Nutrient requirements of fish. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1993.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Animal Nutrition., a cura di. Nutrient requirements of fish. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1993.

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1941-, Wilson Robert P., a cura di. Handbook of nutrient requirements of finfish. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1991.

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(Editor), Carl D. Webster, e Chhorn Lim (Editor), a cura di. Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of Finfish for Aquaculture (Cabi Publishing). CABI, 2002.

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(Editor), Chhorn Lim, Carl D. Webster (Editor) e Cheng-Sheng (Editor), a cura di. Alternative Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets. Haworth Food & Agricultural Products Press, 2008.

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Murray, Eric K. Role of diet in low temperature tolerance and fatty acid composition of the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus: A thesis in biology. 2000.

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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng e Anne Bardsley. Guidelines for the pre-conception period. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0036.

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Where possible, pre-conception counselling is desirable for both prospective parents in order to address issues of lifestyle and nutrition so that pregnancy can proceed with the best possible start. If dieting is necessary this should be initiated as far in advance of the pregnancy as possible, because inadequate nutrition around the time of conception can influence the fetal growth trajectory and weight at birth. Regardless of BMI, women should also be encouraged to engage in regular aerobic exercise. Nutritional requirements in the pre-conception period include adequate amounts of oily fish to provide omega-3 fatty acids. All women planning a pregnancy should receive 400 #amp;#x00B5;g of folic acid daily, and vitamin B12 and vitamin D supplementation may be necessary, particular for vegetarians. Other vitamins and minerals should be considered, particularly iron and iodine, but most should be obtainable from a balanced diet. Harmful behaviours and environmental exposures should be avoided.

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Burton, Derek, e Margaret Burton. Food procurement and processing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0004.

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Fish display a wide range of adaptations of the mouth and pharynx for specific feeding patterns including planktivory, fin-biting, picking and scraping. Appetite control is complex, involving stimulatory and inhibitory hormones. The gut has a linear plan similar to other vertebrates but with considerable variation between taxa, and a stomach may be absent. Many bony fish possess pyloric caeca, containing digestive enzymes, and may increase surface area for digestion. In chondrichthyes (sharks, etc.), a ‘spiral valve’ increases surface area of the intestine. Smooth muscle contractions in the gut wall pass food along the tract under control of food pressure, the autonomic nervous system and specific peptides. Digestion by hydrolytic enzymes, and absorption occur in the intestine, monomers produced being absorbed mainly through transcellular routes, involving enterocytes, into the blood of the hepatic portal vein to the liver. Dietary requirements and nutrition are discussed.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Fishes – Nutrition – Requirements"

Lovell, Tom. "Dietary Requirements". In Nutrition and Feeding of Fish, 13–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4909-3_2.

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Robaina, Lidia, Juhani Pirhonen, Elena Mente, Javier Sánchez e Neill Goosen. "Fish Diets in Aquaponics". In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 333–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_13.

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AbstractFish and feed waste provide most of the nutrients required by the plants in aquaponics if the optimum ratio between daily fish feed inputs and the plant growing area is sustained. Thus, the fish feed needs to fulfil both the fish’s and plant’s nutritional requirements in an aquaponic system. A controlled fish waste production strategy where the nitrogen, phosphorus and mineral contents of fish diets are manipulated and used provides a way of influencing the rates of accumulation of nutrients, thereby reducing the need for the additional supplementation of nutrients. To optimize the performance and cost-effectiveness of aquaponic production, fish diets and feeding schedules should be designed carefully to provide nutrients at the right level and time to complement fish, bacteria and plants. To achieve this, a species-specific tailor-made aquaponic feed may be optimized to suit the aquaponic system as a whole. The optimal point would be determined based on overall system performance parameters, including economic and environmental sustainability measures. This chapter thus focuses on fish diets and feed and reviews the state of the art in fish diets, ingredients and additives, as well as the nutritional/sustainable challenges that need to be considered when producing specific aquaponic feeds.

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Kestemont, Patrick, e Emilie Henrotte. "Nutritional Requirements and Feeding of Broodstock and Early Life Stages of Eurasian Perch and Pikeperch". In Biology and Culture of Percid Fishes, 539–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7227-3_20.

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Magnoni, L. J., O. Felip, J. Blasco e J. V. Planas. "Metabolic Fuel Utilization During Swimming: Optimizing Nutritional Requirements for Enhanced Performance". In Swimming Physiology of Fish, 203–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31049-2_9.

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"Requirement for protein". In Nutrition of Pond Fishes, 175–216. Cambridge University Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511735455.008.

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"Modulation of Environmental Requirements of Finfish Through Nutrition". In Nutrition and Fish Health, 335–38. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439800041-26.

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"Dietary Ascorbic Acid Requirement for Growth and Health in Fish". In Nutrition and Fish Health, 185–210. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439800041-18.

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Williams, David J. "Nutrition in pregnancy". In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 2079–84. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.1402.

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Nutritional requirements for healthy pregnancy vary according to a woman’s prepregnancy nutritional state and her access to food during pregnancy: there is no unifying nutritional advice that is appropriate for all pregnant women throughout the world, or even within nations. The well-nourished mother—maternal adaptation to pregnancy requires few dietary changes during pregnancy. She should eat one or two portions of sea fish per week to -ensure intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids sufficient to provide at least 200 mg of docosahexaenoic acid per day, which is needed for the healthy development of the fetal central nervous system. Supplemental folic acid (400 µg/day) during the first trimester reduces the risk of neural tube defects, but with this exception extra vitamins and micronutrients are not necessary for well-nourished, healthy pregnant women who eat a balanced diet, and excessive amounts of some micronutrients can actually be harmful to the fetus. Thiamine replacement is essential for women with hyperemesis gravidarum....

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Khan, Mukhtar A., e Seemab Zehra. "Principal Nutrients and Nutritional Requirements of Cultivable Finfishes". In Fish Nutrition and Its Relevance to Human Health, 1–45. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003107583-1.

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