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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Fouling"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

Meng, Xianghao, Shujuan Meng, and Yu Liu. "The Limitations in Current Studies of Organic Fouling and Future Prospects." Membranes 11, no. 12 (2021): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120922.

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Abstract (sommario):

Microfiltration and ultrafiltration for water/wastewater treatment have gained global attention due to their high separation efficiency, while membrane fouling still remains one of their bottlenecks. In such a situation, many researchers attempt to obtain a deep understanding of fouling mechanisms and to develop effective fouling controls. Therefore, this article intends to trigger discussions on the appropriate choice of foulant surrogates and the application of mathematic models to analyze fouling mechanisms in these filtration processes. It has been found that the commonly used foulant surr

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2

Peiris, R. H., H. Budman, R. L. Legge, and C. Moresoli. "Assessing irreversible fouling behavior of membrane foulants in the ultrafiltration of natural water using principal component analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices." Water Supply 11, no. 2 (2011): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.025.

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Natural river water is comprised of different foulant components such as natural organic matter and colloidal/particulate matter. Both individual and combined contributions of these foulant components results in different fouling behaviour. The ability to characterize these contributions that lead to reversible and irreversible membrane fouling would be beneficial for the implementation of fouling monitoring and control strategies for membrane-based drinking water treatment operations. A fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and principal component analysis-based approach was able to qualita

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3

Xu, Tingting, Jie Song, and Guangli Xiu. "Study on the cross-flow ultrafiltration of mixtures of macromolecular organic and inorganic salts." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 6 (2022): 1754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.066.

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Abstract Ultrafiltration (UF) has been widely applied to water treatment in the past few decades, but severe membrane fouling is one of the most significant obstacles for its further development. In reality, the constituents of feed water are complex, and the fouling behavior could be different from that induced by a single foulant. In this study, the membrane fouling induced by mixed organic foulant (sodium alginate, SA) and inorganic ions under various conditions were investigated. The effects of ion concentration and valence on the combined fouling as well as the rejection performance were

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4

Nghiem, Long Duc, Christiane Espendiller, and Gerd Braun. "Influence of organic and colloidal fouling on the removal of sulphamethoxazole by nanofiltration membranes." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 1 (2008): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.647.

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This study investigated the effects of organic and colloidal fouling on the removal of a representative micropollutant sulphamethoxazole by two commercially available NF membranes. Alginate, bovine serum albumin and colloidal silica were selected as model foulants to simulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic fractions, and colloidal matter that are often found in treated effluent and surface water. Membrane fouling was related to the membrane and foulant characteristics and subsequently the separation behaviour of the micropollutant sulphamethoxazole under different solution pH. On the basi

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5

Moyo, Welldone, Machawe M. Motsa, Nhamo Chaukura, et al. "Fundamental fouling mechanisms of dissolved organic matter fractions and their implications on the surface modifications of ceramic nanofiltration membranes: insights from a laboratory scale application." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 9 (2019): 1702–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.419.

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Abstract This work reports on the fundamental factors influencing inter-foulant and foulant-membrane interactions during simulated dissolved organic matter removal using ceramic nanofiltration. Fouling tests were performed using sodium alginate (SAL), humic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model foulants. Fouling potentials of each foulant and their mixtures were investigated using feed solutions containing fixed concentrations of K+, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ with a total ionic strength of 10 mM. The impact of modification by atomic layer deposition on fouling mitigation was also assessed

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6

Yan, Linlin, Ruixue Li, Yu Song, et al. "Characterization of the Fouling Layer on the Membrane Surface in a Membrane Bioreactor: Evolution of the Foulants’ Composition and Aggregation Ability." Membranes 9, no. 7 (2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070085.

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In this study, the characteristics of membrane foulants were analyzed with regard to morphology, composition, and aggregation ability during the three stages of transmembrane pressure (TMP) development (fast–slow–fast rise in TMP) in a steady operational membrane bioreactor (MBR). The results obtained show that the fouling layer at the slow TMP-increase stage possessed a higher average roughness (71.27 nm) and increased fractal dimension (2.33), which resulted in a low membrane fouling rate (0.87 kPa/d). A higher extracellular DNA (eDNA) proportion (26.12%) in the extracellular polymeric subst

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7

Ouyang, Rulu, Bin Huang, Chun-Hai Wei, et al. "Cake Layer Fouling Potential Characterization for Wastewater Reverse Osmosis via Gradient Filtration." Membranes 12, no. 8 (2022): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080810.

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It is of great importance to quantitatively characterize feed fouling potential for the effective and efficient prevention and control of reverse osmosis membrane fouling. A gradient filtration method with microfiltration (MF 0.45 μm) → ultrafiltration (UF 100 kDa) → nanofiltration (NF 300 Da) was proposed to extract the cake layer fouling index, I, of different feed foulants in this study. MF, UF, and NF showed high rejection of model suspended solids (kaolin), colloids (sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin), and dissolved organic matters (humic acid) during constant-pressure individual f

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8

Mulyawan, Rizka, and Agam Muarif. "A Review Of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Fouling: Formation and Control." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 1, no. 3 (2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v1i3.127.

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Membrane application in reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is getting more attention especially in producing drinking water. However, RO membrane faces challenges that reduces its performance such as its permeation flux, salt rejection, additional energy demand, lifetime decrease, extra pre-treatment process, cleaning and maintenance. The challenge is the formation of fouling. RO membrane fouling can happen inside or outside the membrane and the characteristics of membrane fouling differs from one type to other types, depending on the nature and location of membrane fouling. There are several types

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9

Chang, Z. H., Y. H. Teow, S. P. Yeap, and J. Y. Sum. "Membrane Fouling – The Enemy of Forward Osmosis." Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology 25, no. 2 (2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/amst.v25n2.220.

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Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotically driven membrane separation process. It is potentially applied in various industries for nutrient recovery and water reclamation. Although FO showed a lesser fouling tendency than other pressure-driven membrane processes, the solutes in the feed solution would still deposit on the membrane surface, forming a fouling layer that resists water permeation. For that reason, fouling mitigation is a trending issue in the FO process. A better understanding of the fouling mechanism is required before opting for the appropriate strategy to mitigate it. This article

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10

Buchori, Luqman, Heru Susanto, and Budiyono Budiyono. "SINTESIS MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI NON FOULING UNTUK APLIKASI PEMPROSESAN BAHAN PANGAN." Reaktor 13, no. 1 (2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.13.1.10-15.

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Membran ultrafiltrasi (UF) telah terbukti sebagai proses yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi di bidang pemprosesan bahan pangan. Namun, peristiwa fouling dapat menurunkan kinerja membran secara signifikan. Meskipun banyak metode pengendalian fouling telah diusulkan, dalam banyak kasus kinerja proses sangat dipengaruhi oleh membran sebagai jantung dari proses. Dalam makalah ini pengendalian fouling dilakukan dengan memodifikasi permukaan membran dengan teknik kopolimerisasi foto-grafting. Acrylic acid (AA), acrylamido methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), d

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11

Ma, Chunyan, Chao Yi, Fang Li, et al. "Mitigation of Membrane Fouling Using an Electroactive Polyether Sulfone Membrane." Membranes 10, no. 2 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10020021.

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Membrane fouling is the bottleneck limiting the wide application of membrane processes. Herein, we adopted an electroactive polyether sulfone (PES) membrane capable of mitigating fouling by various negatively charged foulants. To evaluate anti-fouling performance and the underlying mechanism of this electroactive PES membrane, three types of model foulants were selected rationally (e.g., bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA) as non-migratory foulants, yeast as a proliferative foulant and emulsified oil as a spreadable foulant). Water flux and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ef

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12

Akter, Mahamuda, and Jin-Soo Park. "Fouling and Mitigation Behavior of Foulants on Ion Exchange Membranes with Surface Property in Reverse Electrodialysis." Membranes 13, no. 1 (2023): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010106.

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In this study, two different types of ion exchange membranes are used to investigate the tendency of membrane fouling with respect to surface roughness and hydrophilicity. Commercially available membranes reinforced by electrospun nanofiber have rough and hydrophilic surfaces, and lab-made pore-filling membranes exhibit a smooth and hydrophobic surface. Three different organic surfactants (i.e., cationic, anionic and non-ionic surfactants) are chosen as foulants with similar molecular weights. It is confirmed that membrane fouling by electrical attraction mainly occurs, in which anionic and ca

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13

Azari, Sara, Linda Zou, Emile Cornelissen, and Yasushito Mukai. "Facile fouling resistant surface modification of microfiltration cellulose acetate membranes by using amino acid l-DOPA." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 4 (2013): 901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.292.

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A major obstacle in the widespread application of microfiltration membranes in the wet separation processes such as wastewater treatment is the decline of permeates flux as a result of fouling. This study reports on the surface modification of cellulose acetate (CA) microfiltration membrane with amino acid l-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (l-DOPA) to improve fouling resistance of the membrane. The membrane surface was characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle and zeta potential measurement. Porosity measurement showed a slight decrease in membrane por

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14

Mahlangu, Oranso Themba, and Bhekie Brilliance Mamba. "Interdependence of Contributing Factors Governing Dead-End Fouling of Nanofiltration Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 1 (2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010047.

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Cake-enhanced concentration polarization (CECP) has been ascribed as the main cause of flux decline in dead-end filtration. An unfamiliar approach was used to investigate the role of CECP effects in the fouling of a nanofiltration membrane (NF-270) that poorly reject salts. Membrane–foulant affinity interaction energies were calculated from measured contact angles of foulants and membrane coupons based on the van der Waals/acid–base approach, and linked to resistance due to adsorption (Ra). In addition, other fouling mechanisms and resistance parameters were investigated using model organic an

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15

AlQasas, Neveen, and Daniel Johnson. "Combined Effects of Surface Roughness, Solubility Parameters, and Hydrophilicity on Biofouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Membranes 14, no. 11 (2024): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14110235.

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The fouling of protein on the surface of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is a surface phenomenon strongly dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of both the membrane surface and the foulant molecule. Much of the focus on fouling mitigation is on the synthesis of more hydrophilic membrane materials. However, hydrophilicity is only one of several factors affecting foulant attachment. A more systematic and rationalized methodology is needed to screen the membrane materials for the synthesis of fouling-resistant materials, which will ensure the prevention of the accumulation of foul

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16

Halvey, Alex Kate, Brian Macdonald, Abhishek Dhyani, and Anish Tuteja. "Design of surfaces for controlling hard and soft fouling." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2138 (2018): 20180266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0266.

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In this review, we present a framework to guide the design of surfaces which are resistant to solid fouling, based on the modulus and length scale of the fouling material. Solid fouling is defined as the undesired attachment of solid contaminants including ice, clathrates, waxes, inorganic scale, polymers, proteins, dust and biological materials. We first provide an overview of the surface design approaches typically applied across the scope of solid fouling and explain how these disparate research efforts can be united to an extent under a single framework. We discuss how the elastic modulus

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17

Sun, Chunyi, Na Zhang, Fazhan Li, et al. "Quantitative Analysis of Membrane Fouling Mechanisms Involved in Microfiltration of Humic Acid–Protein Mixtures at Different Solution Conditions." Water 10, no. 10 (2018): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101306.

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A systematical quantitative understanding of different mechanisms, though of fundamental importance for better fouling control, is still unavailable for the microfiltration (MF) of humic acid (HA) and protein mixtures. Based on extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (xDLVO) theory, the major fouling mechanisms, i.e., Lifshitz–van der Waals (LW), electrostatic (EL), and acid–base (AB) interactions, were for the first time quantitatively analyzed for model HA–bovine serum albumin (BSA) mixtures at different solution conditions. Results indicated that the pH, ionic strength, and calcium ion co

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18

Che, Sanchuan, Muyi Ye, Kayiu Li, Yang Xie, Pengyou Du, and Hunan Deng. "A review of bio-inspired fouling resistance surfaces." Applied and Computational Engineering 7, no. 1 (2023): 478–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/7/20230409.

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Solid fouling settlement, defined as the unexpected payment of various types of solid contaminants, including ice, wax, bacteria, and protein, can result in many problems in daily life and production and cause economic and security losses. Despite many traditional methods for reducing foulant to make a more durable and efficient antifouling surface, many artificial surfaces inspired by the natural antifouling material which the environment has selected during the process of evolution, including lotus leaf, pilot whale skin, gecko feet, shark skin, and pitcher plant are developed to resist adhe

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19

Yuliani, Anisa, Mahmud Mahmud, and Chairul Abdi. "PENINGKATAN KINERJA MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI ALIRAN DEAD-END PADA PENYISIHAN BAHAN ORGANIK DALAM EFLUEN IPAL DOMESTIK DENGAN PRA-PERLAKUAN ADSORPSI." Jernih: Jurnal Tugas Akhir Mahasiswa 2, no. 2 (2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jernih.v2i2.589.

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Salah satu kendala yang membatasi kinerja membran ultrafiltrasi (UF) yaitu fouling membran. Keberadaan Bahan Organik (BO) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama terjadinya fouling membran pada air efluen IPAL Domestik. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pra-perlakuan adsorpsi karbon aktif untuk mengurangii foulingi dani meningkatkani performai membrani UF. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pengolahan air efluen dengan kondisi terbaik pada proses hibrid adsorpsi dan Ultrafiltrasi (UF) selulosa asetat (SA), serta menganalisis terbentuknya fouling membran pada proses hibrid adsorpsi dan

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20

Yang, Haiyan, Xuri Yu, Junxia Liu, et al. "A Concise Review of Theoretical Models and Numerical Simulations of Membrane Fouling." Water 14, no. 21 (2022): 3537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213537.

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Membrane fouling can cause severe flux drops and affect the quality of produced water, which is a major obstacle for membrane applications. Great efforts have been made to examine theoretical models and numerical simulations for fouling behavior and mechanisms in the past decades, but there is a lack of literature providing a systematic summary. This work aims to present a state-of-the-art review of the principles, applicability and advantages of fouling theoretical models (i.e., the concentration polarization, cake layer formation and blocking models), and numerical simulations (i.e., computa

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21

Ling, Bowen, Peng Xie, David Ladner, and Ilenia Battiato. "Dynamic Modeling of Fouling in Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 5 (2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050349.

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During reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filtration, performance is dramatically affected by fouling, which concurrently decreases the permeate flux while increasing the energy required to operate the system. Comprehensive design and optimization of RO systems are best served by an understanding of the coupling between membrane shape, local flow field, and fouling; however, current studies focus exclusively on simplified steady-state models that ignore the dynamic coupling between fluid flow, solute transport, and foulant accumulation. We developed a customized solver (SUMs: Stanford University Me

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22

Yao, Weihao, Bing Wang, and Kaisong Zhang. "Comparative Study of Membrane Fouling with Aeration Shear Stress in Filtration of Different Substances." Membranes 13, no. 11 (2023): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13110867.

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The formation process of membrane fouling is complex and diverse, which is an important problem that needs to be overcome in membrane applications. In this paper, three foulant systems consisting of humic acid, humic acid plus Ca2+ and humic acid plus Ca2+ plus yeast were selected to compare membrane fouling processes with different aeration intensities. The aim was to establish the quantitative relationship between membrane fouling rate and shear stress, respectively, in a large-scale flat sheet MBR (FSMBR). The shear stress values at different aeration intensities were obtained using computa

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23

Gray, S. R., C. B. Ritchie, and B. A. Bolto. "Effect of fractionated NOM on low-pressure membrane flux declines." Water Supply 4, no. 4 (2004): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0077.

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The membrane fouling characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) were assessed using single polypropylene hollow fibre membranes of pore size 0.2 μm. The membranes were liquid backwashed every 30 minutes and filtration runs of up to 48 hours (≤8 litres) were conducted. The NOM samples were fractionated into different chemical classes based on their adsorption properties. For the two waters investigated, the hydrophobic components were the major foulant for one water, and the hydrophilics were the major foulant for the other. Interaction between the strongly hydrophobic and weakly hydrophob

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24

Gao, Kuo, Hong Yang, Haichen Liu, and Bingzhi Dong. "Alleviating Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling Caused by Effluent Organic Matter Using Pre-Ozonation: A Perspective of EEM and Molecular Weight Distribution." Membranes 13, no. 4 (2023): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040452.

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Wastewater reclamation has gradually become an important way to cope with the global water crisis. Ultrafiltration plays an imperative part as a safeguard for the aim but is often limited by membrane fouling. Effluent organic matter (EfOM) has been known to be a major foulant during ultrafiltration. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-ozonation on the membrane fouling caused by EfOM in secondary wastewater effluents. In addition, the physicochemical property changes of EfOM during pre-ozonation and the subsequent influence on membrane fouling were systemi

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Alresheedi, Mohammad T. "Influence of Iron and Magnesium on Fouling Properties of Organic Matter Solution in Membrane Process." Membranes 14, no. 7 (2024): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14070150.

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Organic matter has been identified as a significant type of foulant in membrane processes for water treatment. Its fouling tendency is highly affected by the presence of ions and inorganics. While the effects of ions addition on organic fouling have been extensively researched in the past, studies on the effect of positively-charged inorganics, such as Fe2+ and Mg2+, on organic fouling are limited. This study investigates the influence of Fe2+ and Mg2+ addition on fouling properties of the Suwannee River Organic Matter (SROM) solution in the MF process, with and without Ca2+ ions. Results show

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Blankert, Bastiaan, Bart Van der Bruggen, Amy E. Childress, Noreddine Ghaffour, and Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder. "Potential Pitfalls in Membrane Fouling Evaluation: Merits of Data Representation as Resistance Instead of Flux Decline in Membrane Filtration." Membranes 11, no. 7 (2021): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070460.

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The manner in which membrane-fouling experiments are conducted and how fouling performance data are represented have a strong impact on both how the data are interpreted and on the conclusions that may be drawn. We provide a couple of examples to prove that it is possible to obtain misleading conclusions from commonly used representations of fouling data. Although the illustrative example revolves around dead-end ultrafiltration, the underlying principles are applicable to a wider range of membrane processes. When choosing the experimental conditions and how to represent fouling data, there ar

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Lee, Song, Hyeongrak Cho, Yongjun Choi, and Sangho Lee. "Application of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to Analyze Membrane Fouling under Intermittent Operation." Membranes 13, no. 4 (2023): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040392.

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There is increasing interest in membrane systems powered by renewable energy sources, including solar and wind, that are suitable for decentralized water supply in islands and remote regions. These membrane systems are often operated intermittently with extended shutdown periods to minimize the capacity of the energy storage devices. However, relatively little information is available on the effect of intermittent operation on membrane fouling. In this work, the fouling of pressurized membranes under intermittent operation was investigated using an approach based on optical coherence tomograph

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Zhao, Ping, Jian Sheng, and Hua Zhang. "Characteristics of the Initial Stage of CaCO₃ Crystallization Fouling on Straight Oblique Fin Tube." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2535.

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To investigate the effect of CaCO3 concentration and velocity on scaling fouling process on plain and SOFT, experiments have been done at different CaCO3 concentration and velocity on the two kind tubes. The results are that the homogeneous nucleation rate and the growth rate are both increase when CaCO3 concentration increases. This make the scaling particle concentration and foulant ions concentration increase, the former gets more scaling on tubes and the later enlarges the heterogeneous nucleation rate and growth rate. Higher velocity decreases the nucleation of scaling, scaling crystal an

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Teow, Yeit Haan, Boon Seng Ooi, Abdul Latif Ahmad, and Jit Kang Lim. "Investigation of Anti-fouling and UV-Cleaning Properties of PVDF/TiO2 Mixed-Matrix Membrane for Humic Acid Removal." Membranes 11, no. 1 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010016.

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Natural organic matters (NOMs) have been found to be the major foulant in the application of ultrafiltration (UF) for treating surface water. Against this background, although hydrophilicity has been demonstrated to aid fouling mitigation, other parameters such as membrane surface morphology may contribute equally to improved fouling resistance. In this work, with humic acid solution as the model substance, the effects of titanium dioxides (TiO2) types (PC-20, P25, and X500) on membrane anti-fouling and defouling properties were comparatively analysed. The aims are (1) to determine the correla

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30

Kweon, J. H., and D. F. Lawler. "Investigation of membrane fouling by synthetic and natural particles." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 12 (2004): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0724.

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The biggest impediment for applying membrane processes is fouling that comes from mass flux (such as particle and organic matter) to the membrane surface and its pores. Numerous research articles have indicated that either particles or natural organic matter (NOM) has been the most detrimental foulant. Therefore, the role of particles in membrane fouling was investigated with two synthetic waters (having either particles alone or particles with simple organic matter) and a natural water. Membrane fouling was evaluated with flux decline behavior and direct images from scanning electron microsco

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Cai, Weiwei, Qiuying Chen, Jingyu Zhang, Yan Li, Wenwen Xie, and Jingwei Wang. "Effects of High Salinity on Alginate Fouling during Ultrafiltration of High-Salinity Organic Synthetic Wastewater." Membranes 11, no. 8 (2021): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080590.

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Ultrafiltration is widely employed in treating high-salinity organic wastewater for the purpose of retaining particulates, microbes and macromolecules etc. In general, high-salinity wastewater contains diverse types of saline ions at fairly high concentration, which may significantly change foulant properties and subsequent fouling propensity during ultrafiltration. This study filled a knowledge gap by investigating polysaccharide fouling formation affected by various high saline environments, where 2 mol/L Na+ and 0.5–1.0 mol/L Ca2+/Al3+ were employed and the synergistic influences of Na+-Ca2

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Xu, Hao, Kang Xiao, Jinlan Yu, et al. "A Simple Method to Identify the Dominant Fouling Mechanisms during Membrane Filtration Based on Piecewise Multiple Linear Regression." Membranes 10, no. 8 (2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10080171.

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Membrane fouling is a complicated issue in microfiltration and ultrafiltration. Clearly identifying the dominant fouling mechanisms during the filtration process is of great significance for the phased and targeted control of fouling. To this end, we propose a semi-empirical multiple linear regression model to describe flux decline, incorporating the five fouling mechanisms (the first and second kinds of standard blocking, complete blocking, intermediate blocking, and cake filtration) based on the additivity of the permeate volume contributed by different coexisting mechanisms. A piecewise fit

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Koo, Chai Hoon, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Fatihah Suja', and Meor Zainal Meor Talib. "Comparative Assessment of Membrane Fouling Propensity Using Colloidal Silica as Foulant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1995.

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Abstract (sommario):

Other than silt density index (SDI), modified fouling index (MFI) is claimed as one of most useful fouling predictive tools in the practice of reverse osmosis. In this study, the effect of colloidal silica particles on the MFI value with the presence of crossflow sampler (CFS) cell at the upstream of MFI setup was systematically investigated. Colloidal silica with the particle size ranging from 70-100 nm was used as the model foulant in this experiment. The feed silica suspension was 0, 50, and 200 mg/L. The effect of membrane pore size as the test membrane in the dead-end cell on the fouling

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34

Sun, Yuqi, Runze Zhang, Chunyi Sun, et al. "Quantitative Assessment of Interfacial Interactions Governing Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling by the Mixture of Silica Nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) and Natural Organic Matter (NOM): Effects of Solution Chemistry." Membranes 13, no. 4 (2023): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040449.

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Abstract (sommario):

Mixtures of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) and natural organic matter (NOM) are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments and pose risks to organisms. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes can effectively remove SiO2 NP–NOM mixtures. However, the corresponding membrane fouling mechanisms, particularly under different solution conditions, have not yet been studied. In this work, the effect of solution chemistry on polyethersulfone (PES) UF membrane fouling caused by a SiO2 NP–NOM mixture was investigated at different pH levels, ionic strengths, and calcium concentrations. The corresponding membrane

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35

Han, Soo-Jin, and Jin-Soo Park. "Understanding Membrane Fouling in Electrically Driven Energy Conversion Devices." Energies 14, no. 1 (2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010212.

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Abstract (sommario):

Positively charged (cetylpyridinium chloride), negatively charged (sodium dodecyl sulfate), and non-charged (polyethylene glycol) surfactants are used as potential foulant in reverse electrodialysis systems supplying seawater and river freshwater. Fouling tendency of the foulants to ion-exchange membranes is investigated in terms of the adsorption by electromigration, electrostatic attraction, and macromolecule interaction in reverse electrodialysis systems. According to theoretical prediction of fouling tendency, charged foulants in seawater streams could foul ion-exchange membranes significa

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36

Gkotsis, Petros K., and Anastasios I. Zouboulis. "Biomass Characteristics and Their Effect on Membrane Bioreactor Fouling." Molecules 24, no. 16 (2019): 2867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162867.

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Abstract (sommario):

Biomass characteristics are regarded as particularly influential for fouling in Membrane Bio-Reactors (MBRs). They primarily include the Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS), the colloids and the Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). Among them, the soluble part of EPS, which is also known as Soluble Microbial Products (SMP), is the most significant foulant, i.e., it is principally responsible for membrane fouling and affects all fundamental fouling indices, such as the Trans-Membrane Pressure (TMP) and the membrane resistance and permeability. Recent research in the field of MBRs, tends t

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37

Hasegawa, Susumu, Taro Miyoshi, Ryosuke Takagi, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Fouling prediction method using TOC and EEM analysis." Water Supply 19, no. 2 (2018): 610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.108.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Many studies on membrane fouling have been made and reported, and it has been revealed, based on liquid chromatography organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), that biopolymer is the main foulant in the drinking water treatment process, in which the raw water is taken from a river or a dam. However, measurement by LC-OCD is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, continuous measurement of biopolymer concentration by LC-OCD is not feasible. For this reason, we have not been able to monitor biopolymer continuously and control membrane fouling. The purpose of this study is to find a new fouling

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38

Afolabi, Matluck, Ogechi Amanda Onukogu, Thompson Odion Igunma, Zamathula Q. Sikhakhane Nwokediegwu, and Adeniyi K. Adeleke. "A Chemical Engineering Perspective on Fouling Mechanisms in Long-Term Operation of Membrane Bioreactors." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 3, no. 2 (2022): 662–80. https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2022.3.2.662-680.

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Abstract (sommario):

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have emerged as a leading technology for high-quality wastewater treatment by combining biological degradation with membrane filtration. However, their long-term performance is critically hindered by membrane fouling, which increases energy consumption, reduces permeate flux, and necessitates frequent cleaning or replacement. This study presents a chemical engineering perspective on the fouling mechanisms that dominate during prolonged MBR operation. It classifies fouling into reversible and irreversible forms, including organic, inorganic, particulate, and biofouli

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39

Peiris, R. H., M. Jaklewicz, H. Budman, R. L. Legge, and C. Moresoli. "Characterization of hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling species in ultrafiltration drinking water treatment systems using fluorescence EEM and LC–OCD measurements." Water Supply 13, no. 5 (2013): 1220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.130.

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Abstract (sommario):

The application of the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) approach and liquid chromatography–organic carbon detection (LC–OCD) analysis for the characterization of hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling species, extracted from hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membranes used in drinking water treatment, was demonstrated. Hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling species were extracted from two pilot UF membrane systems operated in parallel with lake water as the feed. Two membrane cleaning protocols, hydraulic- and chemical-based (NaOCl and citric acid) cleaning,

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40

Kweon, J. H., and D. F. Lawler. "Investigation of membrane fouling in ultrafiltration using model organic compounds." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 6-7 (2005): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0627.

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Abstract (sommario):

Natural organic matter (NOM) is known to be the worst foulant in the membrane processes, but the complexities of NOM make it difficult to determine its effects on membrane fouling. Therefore, simple organic compounds (surrogates for NOM) were used in this research to investigate the fouling mechanisms in ultrafiltration. Previous research on NOM components in membrane processes indicated that polysaccharides formed an important part of the fouling cake. Three polysaccharides (dextran, alginic acid, and polygalacturonic acid) and a smaller carbohydrate (tannic acid) were evaluated for their rem

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41

Meng, Wang, Zhang, Meng, Liu, and Wang. "Insights into the Fouling Propensities of Natural Derived Alginate Blocks during the Microfiltration Process." Processes 7, no. 11 (2019): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110858.

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Abstract (sommario):

Membrane technology has been one of the most promising techniques to solve the water problem in future. Unfortunately, it suffers from the fouling problem which is ubiquitous in membrane systems. The origin of the bewilderments of the fouling problem lies in the lack of deep understanding. Recent studies have pointed out that the molecular structure of foulant affects its fouling propensity which has been ignored in the past. In this study, the filtration behaviors of alginate blocks derived from the same source were comprehensively explored. Alginate blocks share the same chemical composition

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42

Berg, Thilo H. A., Jes C. Knudsen, Richard Ipsen, Frans van den Berg, Hans H. Holst, and Alexander Tolkach. "Investigation of Consecutive Fouling and Cleaning Cycles of Ultrafiltration Membranes Used for Whey Processing." International Journal of Food Engineering 10, no. 3 (2014): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0028.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Development of resistance during multiple foulings and three-step Cleaning-In-Place (CIP) operations, simulating an industrial cleaning regime of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes, was investigated. The study explored how trans-membrane pressure (150 and 300 kPa) and feed protein concentration (0.9 and 10%) influenced resistance reduction during filtration and flux recovery by the cleaning procedures. New membranes, pre-cleaned with a full CIP cycle, were used for each experiment. Subsequent fouling (simulating production) and CIP were done three times in a row and the development

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43

Sanguanpak, Samunya, Chart Chiemchaisri, Wilai Chiemchaisri, and Kazuo Yamamoto. "Effect of organic fouling on micro-pollutant rejection in membrane bioreactor treating municipal solid waste landfill leachate." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 4 (2015): 561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.248.

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Abstract (sommario):

Effect of membrane fouling on the removal of micro-pollutants from municipal solid waste landfill leachate, i.e. 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (BHT), bisphenol A (BPA), and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), in membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated. Modifications of membrane surface properties were analyzed to determine their relationship with their removals. Membrane fouling was simulated with foulants of different particle sizes on cellulose acetate (CA) microfiltration membrane to investigate the effect of foulant characteristics on BHT, BPA, and DEHP retention in the filtration exp

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44

Meng, Shujuan, Hongju Liu, Qian Zhao, Nan Shen, and Minmin Zhang. "Filtration Performances of Different Polysaccharides in Microfiltration Process." Processes 7, no. 12 (2019): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7120897.

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Abstract (sommario):

Membrane technology has been widely applied for water treatment, while membrane fouling still remains a big challenge. The polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been known as a significant type of foulant due to their high fouling propensity. However, polysaccharides have many varieties which definitely behave differently in membrane filtration. Therefore, in this study, different polysaccharides alginate sodium and xanthan gum were chosen to study their effects on membrane fouling in a wide concentration range. The results demonstrated that the filtration behaviors

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45

Barambu, Nafiu Umar, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Yusuf Wibisono, Juhana Jaafar, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, and Asim Laeeq Khan. "Membrane Surface Patterning as a Fouling Mitigation Strategy in Liquid Filtration: A Review." Polymers 11, no. 10 (2019): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101687.

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Abstract (sommario):

Membrane fouling is seen as the main culprit that hinders the widespread of membrane application in liquid-based filtration. Therefore, fouling management is key for the successful implementation of membrane processes, and it is done across all magnitudes. For optimum operation, membrane developments and surface modifications have largely been reported, including membrane surface patterning. Membrane surface patterning involves structural modification of the membrane surface to induce secondary flow due to eddies, which mitigate foulant agglomeration and increase the effective surface area for

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46

Zhu, Xiwang, Chengyue Fan, Yichen Fang, Wenqing Yu, Yawei Xie, and Hongyuan Liu. "Fouling and Chemical Cleaning Strategies for Submerged Ultrafiltration Membrane: Synchronized Bench-Scale, Full-Scale, and Engineering Tests." Membranes 14, no. 12 (2024): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14120251.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study investigated membrane fouling issues associated with the operation of a submerged ultrafiltration membrane in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) and optimized the associated chemical cleaning strategies. By analyzing the surface components of the membrane foulant and the compositions of the membrane cleaning solution, the primary causes of membrane fouling were identified. Membrane fouling control strategies suitable for the DWTP were evaluated through chemical cleaning tests conducted for bench-scale, full-scale, and engineering cases. The results show that the membrane foulan

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47

Yu, S. L., W. X. Shi, Y. Lu, and J. X. Yang. "Characterization and anti-fouling performance of nano-Al2O3/PVDF membrane for Songhua River raw water filtration." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 9 (2011): 1892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.138.

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Abstract (sommario):

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat ultrafiltration membranes modified by nano-sized alumina (Al2O3) particles were prepared by phase inversion process and their properties and anti-fouling performances were examined. The influence of three types of natural organic matters on the modified membrane fouling was also studied. Raw water was taken from two different locations, i.e., Harbin and Zhaoyuan, of Songhua River. Dissolved organic compounds in the raw water were fractionated using XAD resins into three fractions, i.e., hydrophobic fraction, transphilic fraction, and hydrophilic fraction (HP

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48

Li, Zihe, Chongde Wu, Jun Huang, Rongqing Zhou, and Yao Jin. "Membrane Fouling Behavior of Forward Osmosis for Fruit Juice Concentration." Membranes 11, no. 8 (2021): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080611.

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Abstract (sommario):

Forward osmosis (FO) technology has a broad application prospect in the field of liquid food concentration because of the complete retention of flavor components and bioactive substances. Membrane fouling is the main obstacle affecting the FO performance and concentration efficiency. This work systematically investigated the membrane fouling behavior of the FO process for fruit juice concentration elucidated by the models of resistance-in-series, xDLVO theory and FTIR analysis. The results show that the AL-FS mode was more suitable for concentrating orange juice. Increasing the cross-flow rate

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49

Goh, Y. T., J. L. Harris, and F. A. Roddick. "Reducing the effect of cyanobacteria in the microfiltration of secondary effluent." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 7 (2010): 1682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.482.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cyanobacterial blooms in the lagoons of sewage treatment plants can severely impact the performance of membrane plants treating the effluent. This paper investigates the impact of Microcystis aeruginosa in a secondary effluent on the microfiltration filterability and cleaning of the membrane. Alum coagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) were investigated to remove the algae and so enhance the volume of effluent processed, and their influence on reversible and irreversible fouling. Degree of fouling due to the algal components was found to be in decreasing order of algal cells, algal orga

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50

Jørgensen, Mads Koustrup, and Tuve Mattsson. "Quantifying Charge Effects on Fouling Layer Strength and (Ir)Removability during Cross-Flow Microfiltration." Membranes 11, no. 1 (2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010028.

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Abstract (sommario):

Fouling of membranes is still an important limiting factor in the application of membrane technology. Therefore, there is still a need for an in-depth understanding of which parameters affect the (ir)removability of fouling layers, as well as the mechanisms behind fouling. In this study, fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) was used to investigate the influence of charge effects between negatively charged foulant particles and cations on cake cohesive strength. Fouling cakes’ thicknesses and cohesive strengths were estimated during membrane operations, where microfiltration (MF) membranes were fouled i

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