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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "GAMMA HYDROGRAPH"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 11 settembre 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "GAMMA HYDROGRAPH"

Gądek, Wiesław, Beata Baziak e Tamara Tokarczyk. "Strupczewski Method for Parametric Design Hydrographs in Ungauged Cross-Sections". Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics 64, n. 1 (27 giugno 2017): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/heem-2017-0004.

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AbstractNonparametric hydrographs, constructed by the method suggested by Archer, are usually used for developing parametric design hydrographs. Flow changes in time are described by the UPO ERR Gamma complex function, which denotes a Gamma curve reformulated to have a Unit Peak at the Origin (abbreviated to UPO), supplemented by the Exponential Replacement Recession (ERR) curve. It may be observed, that this solution does not work in some areas of the upper Vistula and middle Odra catchments when the times of the rising limb of a hydrograph are higher than the times of the falling limb, i.e. when the skewness coefficient approximates 0.5 or higher values. Better results can be achieved with the function suggested by Strupczewski in 1964. It is a solution which uses two parameters of the flood hydrograph. The objective of the present paper is to assess the Strupczewski method by comparing it with a complex UPO ERR Gamma function for gauged cross-sections in the upper Vistula and middle Odra catchments. The assessment was carried out for 30 gauged cross-sections (15 in each river catchment). The parameters were optimized for width-hydrograph descriptors W75 and W50, designed by the Archer method, and for the skewness coefficient s. Optimization using only two width-hydrograph descriptors aims to test how the Strupczewski method works for cross-sections for which the values of width-hydrograph descriptors W75 and W50 are known. The assessment of both methods was carried out with reference to a nonparametric hydrograph constructed by the Archer method. The results of these assessments suggest that the Strupczewski method may be used not only for gauged cross-sections, but also for ungauged ones.

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Szeląg, Bartosz, e Maciej Mrowiec. "The methods of evaluating storage volume for single-chamber reservoir in urban catchments". Archives of Environmental Protection 42, n. 2 (1 giugno 2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2016-0016.

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Abstract The article presents a method of designing single-chamber rectangular detention reservoirs based on nomographs connecting the parameters and the shape of the inflow with the reservoir hydrograph (triangular, described by the power function and described by the gamma distribution) as well as the hydraulic characteristics of the accumulation chamber and the orifice. The preparation of nomographs involved using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) program with the application of numerical calculations’ results of a differential equation for the stormwater volume balance. The performed analyses confirm a high level of similarity between the results of calculating the reservoir volume obtained by using the above mentioned program and using the developed nomographs. The examples of calculations presented in the paper confirm the application aspects of the discussed method of designing the detention reservoir. Moreover, based on the conducted analyses it was concluded that the inflow hydrograph described by the gamma distribution has the greatest impact on the reservoir’s storage volume, whereas the hydrograph whose shape in the rise and recession phases is described by the power function has the smallest effect.

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Bhunya, P. K., S. K. Mishra e Ronny Berndtsson. "Simplified Two-Parameter Gamma Distribution for Derivation of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph". Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 8, n. 4 (luglio 2003): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2003)8:4(226).

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Aranda, Jose, e Rafael García-Bartual. "Synthetic Hydrographs Generation Downstream of a River Junction Using a Copula Approach for Hydrological Risk Assessment in Large Dams". Water 10, n. 11 (2 novembre 2018): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111570.

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Peak flows values (Q) and hydrograph volumes (V) are obtained from a selected family of historical flood events (period 1957–2017), for two neighboring mountain catchments located in the Ebro river basin, Spain: rivers Ésera and Isábena. Barasona dam is located downstream of the river junction. The peaks over threshold (POT) method is used for a univariate frequency analysis performed for both variables, Q and V, comparing several suitable distribution functions. Extreme value copulas families have been applied to model the bivariate distribution (Q, V) for each of the rivers. Several goodness-of-fit tests were used to assess the applicability of the selected copulas. A similar copula approach was carried out to model the dependence between peak flows of both rivers. Based on the above-mentioned statistical analysis, a Monte Carlo simulation of synthetic design flood hydrographs (DFH) downstream of the river junction is performed. A gamma-type theoretical pattern is assumed for partial hydrographs. The resulting synthetic hydrographs at the Barasona reservoir are finally obtained accounting for flow peak time lag, also described in statistical terms. A 50,000 hydrographs ensemble was generated, preserving statistical properties of marginal distributions as well as statistical dependence between variables. The proposed method provides an efficient and practical modeling framework for the hydrological risk assessment of the dam, improving the basis for the optimal management of such infrastructure.

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Jin, Chang-Xing. "A deterministic gamma-type geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph based on path types". Water Resources Research 28, n. 2 (febbraio 1992): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91wr02577.

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Singh, Sushil K. "Time Base as an Invertible Function of the Parameters of Gamma Unit Hydrograph". Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 135, n. 6 (dicembre 2009): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000105.

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Gnecco, Ilaria, Anna Palla e Paolo La Barbera. "A dimensionless approach for the runoff peak assessment: effects of the rainfall event structure". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, n. 2 (2 febbraio 2018): 943–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-943-2018.

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Abstract. The present paper proposes a dimensionless analytical framework to investigate the impact of the rainfall event structure on the hydrograph peak. To this end a methodology to describe the rainfall event structure is proposed based on the similarity with the depth–duration–frequency (DDF) curves. The rainfall input consists of a constant hyetograph where all the possible outcomes in the sample space of the rainfall structures can be condensed. Soil abstractions are modelled using the Soil Conservation Service method and the instantaneous unit hydrograph theory is undertaken to determine the dimensionless form of the hydrograph; the two-parameter gamma distribution is selected to test the proposed methodology. The dimensionless approach is introduced in order to implement the analytical framework to any study case (i.e. natural catchment) for which the model assumptions are valid (i.e. linear causative and time-invariant system). A set of analytical expressions are derived in the case of a constant-intensity hyetograph to assess the maximum runoff peak with respect to a given rainfall event structure irrespective of the specific catchment (such as the return period associated with the reference rainfall event). Looking at the results, the curve of the maximum values of the runoff peak reveals a local minimum point corresponding to the design hyetograph derived according to the statistical DDF curve. A specific catchment application is discussed in order to point out the dimensionless procedure implications and to provide some numerical examples of the rainfall structures with respect to observed rainfall events; finally their effects on the hydrograph peak are examined.

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Gądek, Wiesław, Beata Baziak, Tamara Tokarczyk e Wiwiana Szalińska. "A Novel Method of Design Flood Hydrographs Estimation for Flood Hazard Mapping". Water 14, n. 12 (9 giugno 2022): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121856.

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Flood hazard mapping requires knowledge of peak flow as well as flood wave volume and shape, usually represented as a design flood hydrograph (DFH). Statistical approaches for DFH development include nonparametric and parametric methods. The former are developed from long-term flow observations and are thus related to the physio-hydro-climatological catchment properties, but not applicable for ungauged catchments. The alternative parametric DFH can be estimated for any river cross-section, but its links with catchment characteristics are limited. The goal of this study was to introduce a novel hybrid approach for DFH estimation, where the parametric DFH is estimated from the selected properties of the nonparametric DFH (hydrograph width at the levels of 50% and 75% of the peak flow and skewness coefficient) that can be related to the catchment characteristics. The model that offers effective parameter estimation and best correspondence to the reference observation-based hydrograph was selected from among Gamma distribution, Strupczewski and Baptista candidates. The method was validated for 34 catchments of the upper Vistula River and Middle Odra water regions (Poland) based on data from the 1964–2010 period. The Baptista method was found to provide the best model for hybrid DFH construction according to the applied quality measures.

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Rai, R. K., S. Sarkar e H. G. Gundekar. "Adequacy of two-parameter beta distribution for deriving the unit hydrograph". Hydrology Research 39, n. 3 (1 giugno 2008): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2008.038.

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In the past, to derive the unit hydrograph (UH) various distribution functions have been utilized so far, though they had their own limitations. In this study, the applicability of two-parameter beta distribution has been explored for the derivation of UH. The parameters of the distribution function were estimated using the Genetic Algorithm which facilitates the minimization of global error. The suitability of the derived UH resulting from the two-parameter beta distribution was verified by comparing the UH derived by the two-parameter gamma distribution. The results obtained from both the distributions were almost similar and close to the observed UHs, which confirmed the applicability of the two-parameter beta distribution as an alternate approach for the derivation of the UH.

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Pereira, A. G. C., F. A. S. Sousa, B. B. Andrade e Viviane Simioli Medeiros Campos. "Higher order Markov Chain Model for Synthetic Generation of Daily Streamflows". TEMA (São Carlos) 19, n. 3 (17 dicembre 2018): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.5540/tema.2018.019.03.449.

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The aim of this study is to get further into the two-state Markov chain model for synthetic generation daily streamflows. The model proposed in Aksoy and Bayazit (2000) and Aksoy (2003) is based on a two Markov chains for determining the state of the stream. The ascension curve of the hydrograph is modeled by a two-parameter Gamma probability distribution function and is assumed that a recession curve of the hydrograph follows an exponentially function. In this work, instead of assuming a pre-defined order for the Markov chains involved in the modelling of streamflows, a BIC test is performed to establish the Markov chain order that best fit on the data. The methodology was applied to data from seven Brazilian sites. The model proposed here was better than that one proposed by Aksoy but for two sites which have the lowest time series and are located in the driest regions.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "GAMMA HYDROGRAPH"

Voytenko, Denis. "Modeling Direct Runoff Hydrographs with the Surge Function". Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3398.

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A surge function is a mathematical function of the form f(x)=axpe-bx. We simplify the surge function by holding p constant at 1 and investigate the simplified form as a potential model to represent the full peak of a stream discharge hydrograph. The previously studied Weibull and gamma distributions are included for comparison. We develop an analysis algorithm which produces the best-fit parameters for every peak for each model function, and we process the data with a MATLAB script that uses spectral analysis to filter year-long, 15-minute, stream-discharge data sets. The filtering is necessary to locate the concave-upward inflection points used to separate the data set into its constituent, individual peaks. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to iteratively estimate the unknown parameters for each version of the modeled peak by minimizing the sum of squares of residuals. The results allow goodness-of-fit comparisons between the three model functions, as well as a comparison of peaks at the same gage through the year of record. Application of these methods to five rivers from three distinct hydrologic regions shows that the simple surge function is a special case of the gamma distribution, which is known to be useful as a modeling function for a full-peak hydrograph. The study also confirms that the Weibull distribution produces good fits to 15-minute hydrograph data.

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SHARMA, ABHAY. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GAMMA HYDROGRAPH AND SUH METHOD FOR FLOOD ESTIMATION IN UNGAUGED CATCHMENTS". Thesis, 2014. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15445.

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Flood estimation is very important for efficient design and safe construction of hydraulic structures. Inaccurate estimations may lead to under design or over design off structure thus causing heavy damage to life and property or excessive cost of the structure. In gauged catchments, frequency analysis of flood peaks is used to calculate a required return period flood as adequate flood data are available in such regions. In ungauged catchments, regional approach is adopted for flood estimation due to inadequate flood data. In synthetic hydrograph method, UH parameters are correlated with geomorphologic parameters rather than available rainfall-runoff data for reliable flood estimation. UH parameters are calculated and a curve is fitted through these points by trial method (maintaining area under curve) which is a very complex and time consuming method. Use of hit and trial method can be avoided if Probability Density Functions such as such as Gamma, Chi –Square, Beta etc are used. These functions have the advantage that area under curve is unity and shape is known. Gamma Distribution Function (GDF) has been used in the present study for calculation of UH parameters and the required return period flood of Chambal Subzone 1(b). Results indicate that UH parameters calculated using GDF is in close agreement with the data provided for the subzone and the UH parameters are highly correlated as compared to SUH methods. Peaks of 50 year return period Flood Hydrograph calculated using both SUH and GDF methods have very high correlation coefficient between peak discharge and geomorphologic variables (A, L, S, and Rf). Unit Hydrograph parameters and derived geomorphologic parameters for 26 subzones all over India have been studied. It is found that geomorphological parameters used by CWC for various subzones are better correlated with UH parameters than other proposed geomorphologic parameters (L/S0.5, L2/AS etc). For more accurate studies in a region, multiple correlation method or various probability distribution functions may be studied to find the most accurate method applicable for the region. Variation of UH parameters with Area(A), Length(L) and Slope(S) for various subzones is studied to find the appropriate geomorphologic parameters affecting the behavior of hydrograph parameters in ungauged sites.. Results of peak discharge as a function of A or A/L or A/SL indicate that for small ungauged sites, Qp may roughly be estimated as a non linear function of area independently, in absence of other geomorphologic data. Geomorphologic study of the region may be carried out in future for better understanding of the area using Arc-GIS.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "GAMMA HYDROGRAPH"

Maricar, Farouk, e Sri Br. "Reliability of the Gama I Synthetic Unit Hydrograph after 15 years of its development as applied in South Sulawesi". In Environmental Hydraulics and Sustainable Water Management, Two Volume Set, 1925–29. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16814-314.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "GAMMA HYDROGRAPH"

Sade, Morris. "A Gamma Distribution Unit Hydrograph for Flat Terrain Watersheds". In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)334.

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Gunawan, Gusta. "Forecasting the air Bengkulu flood using the GAMA-1 and Nakayasu synthetic unit hydrographs". In ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT APPLICATIONS AND INNOVATIVE APPROACH. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0130553.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "GAMMA HYDROGRAPH"

Huang, Tao, e Venkatesh Merwade. Developing Customized NRCS Unit Hydrographs (Finley UHs) for Ungauged Watersheds in Indiana. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317644.

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Abstract (sommario):

The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS, formerly the Soil Conservation Service, SCS) unit hydrograph (UH) is one of the most commonly used synthetic UH methods for hydrologic modeling and engineering design all over the world. However, previous studies have shown that the application of the NRCS UH method for some ungauged watersheds in the state of Indiana produced unrealistic flood predictions for both the peak discharge and the time to peak. The objective of this work is to customize the NRCS UH by analyzing the role of its two key parameters, namely, the peak rate factor (PRF) and the lag time, in creating the runoff hydrograph. Based on 120 rainfall-runoff events collected from 30 small watersheds in Indiana over the past two decades, the observed UHs are derived and the corresponding PRF and lag time are extracted. The observed UHs in Indiana show that the mean value of PRF is 371, which is lower than the standard PRF of 484, and the NRCS lag time equation tends to underestimate the “true” lag time. Moreover, a multiple linear regression method, especially the stepwise selection technique, is employed to relate the NRCS UH parameters to the most appropriate geomorphic attributes extracted from the study watersheds. Both the statewide and regional regression models show that the main channel slope is a major factor in determining the PRF and lag time. A customized Indiana unit hydrograph, referred as Finley UH to honor David Finley who inspired this study, is derived with updated parameters and the Gamma function. Validation results show that the Finley UH provides more reliable and accurate predictions in terms of the peak discharge and the time to peak than the original NRCS UH for the watersheds in Indiana.

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