Bibliografie tematiche / Gender and child labour

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Gender and child labour"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 14 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Gender and child labour"

Tetteh, Peace. "Child Domestic Labour in (Accra) Ghana: A Child and Gender Rights Issue?" International Journal of Children's Rights 19, n. 2 (2011): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181810x522298.

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AbstractChild domestic labour is one of the widespread and exploitative forms of child labour in the world today. However, the ubiquity of child/adolescent (domestic) labour, together with the perception that such work-especially in relation to girls is important training for later life, normalises such work and renders it invisible. Child domestic labour is thus, largely feminised as almost 90 percent of the children are girls. Many domestics work for long hours with no rest or remuneration, and are subjected to verbal, physical and in some instances sexual abuse in the households of their employers. The conditions under which many child domestics live and work, undermines and threatens many basic rights of children. is paper highlights the child and gender-based rights that are actually or potentially denied child domestic workers in order to influence policy development and implementation, as well as advocacy for and on behalf of children.

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Das, Saswati. "Incidence of Child Labour and Child Schooling in India: Pattern and Determinants". ISRN Economics 2012 (5 agosto 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/429506.

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The issue of child labour is a frontline concern in India, as early entry into labour market at formative stage of life does mean absconding from proper schooling leading to loss of future scope of better livelihood, since the existing literature shows that there is wage premium for education in Indian labour market. In this perspective, this study aims to carry out a supply-side analysis towards examining the incidence and pattern of child labour and child schooling to test out regional and gender disparities, if any, in terms of these incidences. Socio-economic determinants across gender and region also have been identified for an everlasting way out of the crisis. The data-base utilized for the analysis has been extracted from the National Sample Survey on “Employment and Unemployment Situation in India” for the 61st large sample round (2004-2005). The pattern of child employment in a range of industries confirms the malfunctioning of lawful steps to save child labourers from mischief of occupational vulnerability. It also reveals significant discrepancy in incidence of child labour both across region and gender, but for schooling choice no considerable regional gap is substantiated.

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Khan, Rana Ejaz Ali. "Children in Different Activities: Child Schooling and Child Labour". Pakistan Development Review 42, n. 2 (1 giugno 2003): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i2pp.137-160.

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Using primary data from two districts of Pakistan, this article analyses the supplyside determinants of child labour. The study finds that the birth-order of the child has a significant association with schooling and labour decision of child: first school enrolment of children is delayed; there exists gender disparity in favour of male children; the children from female-headed households are more likely to go to school; the education of the head of household has a positive impact on child’s schooling; among the parent’s parameters mother’s education is more important than father’s; parental education is positively associated with child schooling and negatively associated with child labour. The ownership of assets impacts the schooling positively, and labour negatively; the household size affects the schooling negatively, and work positively; and household composition also has a significant effect on schooling and child labour. The children from urban areas are more likely to go to school.

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Middel, Abigail, Kalyan Kumar Kameshwara e Andrés Sandoval-Hernandez. "Exploring trends in the relationship between child labour, gender and educational achievement in Latin America". Revista Iberoamericana de Educación 84, n. 1 (11 novembre 2020): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.35362/rie8413987.

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Participation in child labour, in both household and non-household activities, gender effects and low educational attainment remain challenges for countries in Latin America. Through hierarchical linear modelling of data from the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), this study seeks to explore the current cross-country trends in the relationship between educational attainment, child labour and gender. While non-household labour is found to have an effect, as per statistical significance and the magnitude, on educational achievement across all Latin American countries; participation in household labour is significant in only two countries (Peru and Uruguay). Girls are found to underperform compared to boys by a significant margin across Latin America. The later part of the study seeks to examine the interaction effects of gender and participation in labour activities. Results show that gender has no moderating effect, suggesting that participation in work itself or workspace (household or non-household) does not influence or contribute to gender inequality in education outcomes. The explanatory factors for gender inequality in education outcomes are potentially rooted in a different sphere of influence which needs to be deciphered through deeper empirical investigation.

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KÜRKCÜ, Murat, e Orhan KANDEMİR. "THE ROLE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF WOMEN ON INFANT MORTALITY: A PANEL DATA ANALYSES FOR OECD COUNTRIES". Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 5, n. 3 (19 dicembre 2017): 826–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v5i3.164.

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Social and economic development of a nation is often reflected by the existing infant and child mortality rates. In this context, one of the millennium development goals is to reduce infant and child mortalities globally. In particular, women’s socio-economic positions are important variables in explaining infant/child mortality. The correlation between infant/child mortalities and socio-economic positions of women is very strong. This study uses a panel data analysis to measure the effect of labour force participation rate of women on infant/child mortalities. The present article analyzes how women’s socio-economic situations affect infant/child mortality in OECD countries for the era 2000-2014. Our results are statistically significant and also suitable for theoretical expectations. According to our conclusions mortality rates may decline as a result of the increase in labour force participation rates of women. In this context, there is a negative relationship between the labor force participation rate of women and gender inequality. So, as gender inequality decreases, infant/child mortality rates also decrease.

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Ligeve, Susan Nduta, e Dr Moses W. Poipoi. "The Influence of Child Labour on Academic Achievement of Primary School Pupils in Suba and Homa-Bay Districts, Kenya". International Journal of Learning and Development 2, n. 4 (9 agosto 2012): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v2i4.2214.

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This causal-comparative study investigated the effects of child labour on academic achievement of primary school pupils in Suba and Homa-Bay districts in Kenya. The participants of this study were Class 7 pupils drawn from 12 schools in these two districts. A total of 333 pupils that is, 171 boys and 162 girls participated in the study. The academic achievement scores, which were extracted from the schools’ end-term examination records, were used to compare the participants on the dependent variable. The results of this study showed that pupils who were involved in child labour had a significantly lower academic achievement mean score than those not involved. The results also indicated that boys not involved had a significantly higher academic achievement mean score than girls not involved. Furthermore, boys involved in child labour activities had a significantly higher academic mean score than girls involved in child labour activities. It was concluded that there were child labour and gender effects on academic achievement of primary school pupils in Suba and Homa Bay districts. This study recommends that school pupils should not engage in fishing activities. Key Words; Child labour, Academic Achievement, Gender

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Schmid, Günther. "Enhancing gender equality through transitional labour markets". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 7, n. 2 (maggio 2001): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890100700207.

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This article develops the concept of ‘transitional labour markets': legitimised and collectively insured sets of mobility options between paid and unpaid work. Such mobility options could constitute a basis for both a new gender contract and a new concept of full-employment, the latter being based on the flexible target of 30 hours a week, from which employees would constantly deviate over their life course to allow for periods of training, child-care, higher-income phases etc. Of five different types of transitional labour market, this article focuses on the transition between paid and unpaid work and between work and retirement. Greater flexibility in the mobility between various labour market statuses, it is argued, would make a major contribution to overcoming gender inequality.

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BORRÁS LLOP, JOSÉ M. "Schooling and child farm labour in Spain, circa 1880–1930". Continuity and Change 20, n. 3 (dicembre 2005): 385–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841600500562x.

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This article evaluates the extent of child farm labour in Spain in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. The first part of the article examines child labour in rural areas. Because under-registration of farm child labour was common in both national and local censuses, the writer examines other evidence, including surveys of child labour on farms and school-enrolment registers listing seasonal and as well as full-time labour. The second part of the article considers the relationship between employment and school absenteeism by age and gender. School attendance is compared by season and by geographic area, and its relation to farming is apparent. All the evidence in the registers demonstrates extensive employment of children over the age of ten in rural Spain.

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Burrone, Sara, e Gianna Claudia Giannelli. "Child Labour, Gender and Vulnerable Employment in Adulthood. Evidence for Tanzania". Journal of Development Studies 56, n. 12 (13 maggio 2020): 2235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2020.1755655.

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Lister, Ruth. "Children (but not women) first: New Labour, child welfare and gender". Critical Social Policy 26, n. 2 (maggio 2006): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018306062588.

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Tesi sul tema "Gender and child labour"

Lundström, Camilla. "Are there links between children's self-esteem and parent/child interaction in Guatemalan children?" Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24405.

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This investigation examined the relations between children’s self-esteem and parent/child interaction. It also searched for a link between self-esteem and numbers of siblings, gender and working after school. 47 students from public schools in Guatemala City, Guatemala (age 10-14 years old) participated in this study (14 girls and 33 boys). Participants completed measures of Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and a questionnaire regarding Parent - Child Interactions. The study showed that there was a positive correlation in boys’ population between level of self-esteem and parent - child interaction, but a negative correlation for girls. A positive correlation in girls’ population was shown between self-esteem and number of siblings, a negative correlation was shown between self-esteem and working after school. However in boys’ population there was a positive correlation between self-esteem and working after school, and a negative correlation for siblings. There is also a skewed distribution in boys’ and girls’ answers, and no generalizations can be made because of too few respondents, therefore further studies in this area should be done

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Nakijoba, Rosemary. "The synergy between gender relations, child labour and disability in the post-war Acholi sub-region of Northern Uganda". University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7525.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
After a war of nearly two decades in the Acholi sub-region of northern Uganda many families and communities were physically, socially, economically and psychologically devastated. A myriad of other concomitant effects of the war such as distorted gender relations in households and undue exposure of vulnerable children to the menace of hazardous child labour manifest in the communities today. A plethora of non-government organisations has worked in the Acholi subregion trying to transform the communities after the war, but these challenges remain thus compromising social justice and the well-being of children.

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Vogel, Isabel. "The labour market, gender and rapid social change in Chile : working women's experiences". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267233.

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Serwadda-Luwaga, James. "Child labour and scholastic retardation A thematic analysis of the 1999 Survey of Activities of Young People in South Africa /". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10172005-151313.

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Chen, Yang. "Essays on Child Custody Laws, Divorce, and Child Outcomes". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397806698.

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Lock, Sara-Lina. "”Who has the time to discuss gender equality in that chaos?” : - Mothers perspectives about gender equality when having a child with special needs". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-172561.

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This thesis aimed to explore mothers experiences of having a child with special needs througha gender equality perspective. Four mothers were interviewed through a semi-structured interview guide. Feminist disability studies and emotional labor with an intersectional perspective have been the guiding framework. To analyse the empirical material I have used aqualitative thematic analysis. Research has shown that heterosexual couples with children in Sweden are becoming more equal in terms of the unpaid” invisible” household chores. However, parents who has children with disabilities and in need for more extensive care tend to take on more traditional roles. The findings have shown that mothers are more often the one who takes care of the necessary chores concerning the child’s disability. At the same time, she also needs to take a step back in her career or not able to have work outside the home. For some of the families, the necessary chores have been divided into administrative or practical tasks were one parent has done more than the other. To get a deeper knowledge about why it was that certain gender division I have found that the deep emotional connection to their child had an intersectional effect in the decision to stay home for these mothers.

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Vandrimmelen, Jeff Hess Jonathan M. "Children all grown up child labor, gender roles and pedagogical function in Engelbert Humperdinck's Hänsel und Gretel /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,100.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Germanic Languages and Literature." Discipline: Germanic Languages; Department/School: Germanic Languages.

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Azong, Jecynta A. "Economic policy, childcare and the unpaid economy : exploring gender equality in Scotland". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22827.

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The research undertaken represents an in-depth study of gender and economics from a multi-disciplinary perspective. By drawing on economic, social policy and political science literature it makes an original contribution to the disciplines of economics and feminist economics by advancing ideas on a feminist theory of policy change and institutional design. Equally, the study develops a framework for a multi-method approach to feminist research with applied policy focus by establishing a pragmatic feminist research paradigm. By espousing multiple research philosophies, it extends understanding of gender differences in policy outcomes by connecting theories from feminist economics, feminist historical institutionalism and ideational processes. Jointly funded by the Economic and Social Research Council UK and the Scottish Government, this project attempts to answer three key questions: What is the relative position of men and women in the Scottish economy and how do childcare responsibilities influence these? Which institutions, structures and processes have been instrumental in embedding gender in Scottish economic policy? To what extent and how is the Scottish Government’s approach to economic policy gendered? Quantitative analysis reveals persistently disproportionate differences in men and women’s position in the labour market. Women remain over-represented in part-time employment and in the public sector in the 10years under investigation. Using panel data, the multinomial logistic regression estimation of patterns in labour market transitions equally reveal disproportionate gendered patterns, with families with dependent children 0-4years at a disadvantage to those without. Qualitative analysis indicates that these differences are partly explained by the fact that the unpaid economy still remains invisible to policymakers despite changes in the institutional design, policy processes and the approach to equality policymaking undertaken in Scotland. Unpaid childcare work is not represented as policy relevant and the way gender, equality and gender equality are conceptualised within institutional sites and on political agendas pose various challenges for policy development on unpaid childcare work and gender equality in general. Additionally, policymakers in Scotland do not integrate both the paid and unpaid economies in economic policy formulation since social policy and economic policy are designed separately. The study also establishes that the range of institutions and actors that make-up the institutional setting for regulating and promoting equality, influence how equality issues are treated within a national context. In Scotland, equality regulating institutions such as parliament, the Scottish Government, equality commission and the law are instrumental variables in determining the range of equality issues that are embedded in an equality infrastructure and the extent to which equality issues, including gender, are consequently embedded in public policy and government budgets. Significantly despite meeting all the attributes of an equality issue, unpaid care is not classified as a protected characteristic in the Equality legislation. These institutions can ameliorate, sustain or perpetuate the delivery of unequitable policy outcomes for men and women in the mutually dependent paid and unpaid economy. Thus, economic, social and political institutions are not independent from one another but are interrelated in complex ways that subsequently have material consequences on men and women in society. In summary, there are interlinkages between the law, labour market, the unpaid economy, the welfare state and gendered political institutions such that policy or institutional change in one will be dependent on or trigger change in another. These institutions are gendered, but are also interlinked and underpin the gender structure of other institutions to the extent that the gendered norms and ideas embedded in one institution, for example legislation or political institutions, structure the gendered dimensions of the labour market, welfare state, and the unpaid economy. By shedding light on institutional and political forces that regulate equality in addition to macroeconomic forces, the analysis reveals the important role of institutions, policy actors and their ideas as instrumental forces which constantly define, redefine and reconstruct the labour market experiences of men and women with significant material consequences.

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Ngenzebuke, Rama Lionel. "Essays on Intra-household Decision-making, Gender and Socio-Economic Development". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/246695.

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This dissertation comprises four chapters, which mainly deal with female's participation in household decision-making, a very important aspect of female's bargaining power within the household and closely linked to female's empowerment. The first three chapters, which all deal with female's participation in household decision-making, are two sides of the same coin, in that while the first one delves into the determinants of female's participation in household decision-making, the second and third chapters deal with its beneficial consequences. The fourth chapter is linked with Chapter 1. As a matter of fact, the data used in Chapter 1 has been collected in Rural Burundi, in the framework of the FNRS/FRFC-funded project “Microfinance Services, Intra-household Behavior and Welfare in Developing Countries: A Longitudinal and Experimental Approach”, which funded my PhD scholarship. In 2012, the project funded data collection in Rural Burundi. In respect to the experimental component of the project, these are baseline data. The 2012 household survey targeted a sample of rural households that have been interviewed in 1998 and 2007. This is where the longitudinal design of the project comes into play. Independently from the experimental research, the longitudinal nature of the data, that is to say three waves of data (1998, 2007 and 2012), had the advantage of allowing panel analysis of interesting and relevant issues in development, including for example the long-term welfare effects of shocks at either individual or household levels.In Chapter 1, entitled “The Power of The Family: kinship and Intra-household Decision-making in Rural Burundi” and co-authored with Bram De Rock and Philip Verwimp, we delve into the determinants of female's participation in household decision-making, by laying a particular emphasis on the role of female's kinship. We show that in rural Burundi the characteristics of the female's kinship are highly correlated with her decision-making power. First, a female whose own immediate family is at least as rich as her husband's counterpart enjoys a greater say over children- and asset-related decision-making. Second, the size, relative wealth and proximity of the extended family also matter. Third, kinship characteristics prove to be more important than (standard) individual and household characteristics. Finally, we also show that the female's say over asset-related decision-making is positively associated with males' education, more than with female's education per se. All these correlation patterns can inform policies aiming at empowering women or targeting children through women's empowerment.In Chapter 2, entitled “The Returns of I Do: Multifaceted Female Decision-making and Agricultural Yields in Tanzania?”, I use the third round of the Tanzanian National Panel Survey to investigate the effect of multifaceted female's empowerment in agriculture on agricultural yields. The classic approach in the empirical literature on gender gap in agriculture includes the gender of the plot's owner/manager as the covariate of interest and interprets the associated coefficient estimate as the gender gap in agricultural productivity. Unlike this classic approach in the analysis of productivity differentials, my approach lays emphasis on the overlapping and interaction effects of manifold aspects of female's empowerment in agriculture, including female plot's ownership, female plot's management and female output's control. I find significant productivity gaps, which the classic empirical approach does not bring out in the same context. As compared to plots (solely) owned, managed and controlled by male, (i) plots merely owned by female and (ii) those owned & managed (but not controlled) by female are less productive, but those owned, managed & controlled by female are not. Furthermore, the latter are the more productive among plots at least owned by female. All these productivity gaps are predominantly explained by the structural effect, that is differences in productivity returns to observable production factors. Our findings are robust along a number of dimensions and suggest that female's management and control rights are of prime importance. Therefore, female plot's owners should be entitled the rights to manage their plot and, subsequently and most importantly, the rights to control the (agricultural) output of their work, for their productivity to be enhanced and the gender gap in agriculture to be closed. In Chapter 3, entitled “Say On Income and Children's Outcomes: Evidence from Nigeria”, I delve into the effect of female bargaining power on child education and labor outcomes in Nigeria. Female bargaining power is proxied by “female say on labor income”, rather than by her income per se. This is motivated by the fact the female labor force participation might be low in some contexts, while control over income is by all means what matters the most. The empirical methodology accounts for a number of empirical issues, including endogeneity and sample selection issues of female say on labor income, the multi-equation and mixed process features of the child outcomes, as well as the fact that hours of work are left-censored. My findings are consistent with the overall idea that female say on income leads to better child outcomes, rather than female income earning per se. Nevertheless, the type of income under female control, child gender and child outcome matter. Chapter 4, entitled “Violence Exposure and Welfare Over Time: Evidence From The Burundi Civil War” and co-authored with Marion Mercier and Philip Verwimp, investigates the relationship between exposure to conflict and poverty dynamics over time. We use a three-wave panel data from Burundi, which tracked individuals and reported local-level violence exposure in 1998, 2007 and 2012. Firstly, the data reveal that headcount poverty has not changed since 1998 while we observe multiple transitions into and out of poverty. Moreover, households exposed to the war exhibit a lower level of welfare than non-exposed households, with the difference between the two groups predicted to remain significant at least until 2017, i.e. twelve years after the conflict termination. The correlation between violence exposure and deprivation over time is confirmed in a household-level panel setting. Secondly, our empirical investigation shows how violence exposure over different time spans interacts with households' subsequent welfare. Our analysis of the determinants of households' likelihood to switch poverty status (i.e. to fall into poverty or escape poverty) combined with quintile regressions suggest that, (i) exposure during the first phase of the conflict has affected the entire distribution, and (ii) exposure during the second phase of the conflict has mostly affected the upper tail of the distribution: initially non-poor households have a higher propensity to fall into poverty while initially poor households see their propensity to pull through only slightly decrease with recent exposure to violence. Although not directly testable with the data at hand, these results are consistent with the changing nature of violence in the course of the Burundi civil war, from relatively more labor-destructive to relatively more capital-destructive.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Grieve, Tigist. "Seeing the social : understanding why children are out of school in rural Ethiopia". Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690734.

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The promotion of education has long been a priority of the successive regimes of Ethiopia. Combined with the momentum of Education for All (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in recent years Ethiopia’s education sector has experienced a major expansion of primary school enrolment which has earned Ethiopia international acclaim and so much optimism in meeting the MDGs set for 2015. Despite this, however, large numbers of primary school aged children remain out of school, most of these are found in rural areas and many of them are girls. Many of the children that enrol do not stay on to complete the full cycle of their primary schooling. While there are numerous studies looking at rural children’s schooling, village-based ethnographic studies are rare, particularly in Ethiopia. The thesis offers a sociological insight as to why low enrolment and incompletion persist in rural areas. Drawing on an ethnographic approach study over extended period this thesis presents analysis of data from two local communities. Methodologically the analysis are anchored on the voices of the children, their parents and teachers and make a valuable contribution in emphasising not only the importance of bringing local people’s own voices into the debate, but also drawing attention to the ways voice may be utilised and calling for greater sensitivity to the way it is interpreted in scholarly and policy circles. Theoretically, the study shows the value of applying Bourdieu’s approach to social reproduction in analysing the challenges faced by rural children in completing primary school. Time spent with children, their families and their teachers suggests reproduction of educational inequality at all levels (home, school, community). While these are certainly important, this thesis argues that more attention needs to be paid to the social context in which children and their schooling are embedded. It suggests the challenges in schooling rural children are not simply explained either by the quantity of primary schools available, or a lack of value being accorded to education, or deliberate acts of discrimination (e.g. against girls). Rather, it has argued that discriminatory outcomes, or the reproduction of social inequality, have to be understood as the outcome of social practice, where ‘choices’ are made in circumstances of considerable constraint. Furthermore, it has shown that these patterns of social reproduction are as characteristic of teachers and the field of the school as they are of parents and children and the field of home and community. Rather than the school operating as an external change agent, as imagined in much of the education literature, the school is very much part of the local social context. The application of policies and the social practice of staff are significantly marked by their positionality within the communities which they serve.

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Libri sul tema "Gender and child labour"

Children's lifeworlds: Gender, welfare, and labour in the developing world. London: Routledge, 1994.

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Krishna, Sumi. Restoring childhood: Learning, labour, and gender in South Asia. Delhi: Konark Publishers, 1996.

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Gustafsson-Wright, Emily. Gender dimensions of child labor and street children in Brazil. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Gender Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, 2002.

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Gardiner, Jean. Gender, care and economics. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1997.

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Leiva, Sandra. Part-time work in Chile: Is it precarious employment? : reflections from a gender perspective. Santiago, Chile: Naciones Unidas, CEPAL = ECLAC, Women and Development Unit, 2000.

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Bee, Anna. Regional change and non-traditional agricultural exports: Land, labour and gender in the Norte Chico, Chile. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Ilahi, Nadeem. Children's work and schooling: Does gender matter? : evidence from the Peru LSMS panel data. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Latin American and the Caribbean Region, Gender Sector Unit, 2001.

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Tangka, F. K. Gender roles and child nutrition in livestock production systems in developing countries: A critical review. Nairobi: International Livestock Research Institute, 2000.

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Choi, Hyung-Jai. Work and family: Marriage, children, child gender and the work hours and earnings of West German men. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2005.

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Giullari, Susanna. The adult worker model family, gender equality and care: The search for new policy principles, and the possibilities and problems of a capabilities approach. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2005.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Gender and child labour"

Gandhi, Aastha, e Bishnupriya Dutt. "Laws and Marginalised Bodies: Sex Trafficking, Child Labour and Circus as a Site of Negotiations". In Gendered Citizenship, 291–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59093-6_16.

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Claessens, Elke, e Dimitri Mortelmans. "Who Cares? An Event History Analysis of Co-parenthood Dynamics in Belgium". In European Studies of Population, 131–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68479-2_7.

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AbstractUntil the end of the twentieth century, child custody arrangements after separation typically continued the gendered pre-separation parenting division, with mothers taking up childcare and fathers paying child support. Recently, there has been a significant rise in co-parenting after separation, reflecting the trend towards more socio-economic, work- and childcare-related gender equality during the relationship. However, it remains unclear to what extent the organization of the pre-separation household dominates over important changes in the lives and labor force participation of parents after separation in choosing to co-parent.This study uses longitudinal Belgian register data to consider the effect of post-separation dynamics in parents’ life course and labor force participation in deciding to co-parent. While certain pre-separation characteristics remain predictive of co-parenting, our results suggest a societal trend towards co-parenting as the parenting norm. Increased time in paid work positively affects co-parenting probabilities, but we find no effect of a post-separation income increase, even though this would imply greater bargaining power to obtain sole custody. As such, the investigated post-separation changes seem to be an indication of parents moving towards supporting and attempting to gain gender equal parenting after separation.

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An, Sofiya, e Adrienne Chambon. "‘Good’ Child Labour, ‘Bad’ Child Labour". In Transnational Social Policy, 43–61. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2016. | Series: Routledge advances in sociology: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315665498-3.

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Akhtar, Rajnaara C., e Conrad Nyamutata. "Child labour". In International Child Law, 275–334. 4th edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429505485-5.

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Basu, Kaushik. "Child Labour". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2646-1.

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Basu, Kaushik. "Child Labour". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1566–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2646.

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Tzimoula, Despina, e Diana Mulinari. "‘Pain Is Hard to Put on Paper’: Exploring the Silences of Migrant Scholars". In Pluralistic Struggles in Gender, Sexuality and Coloniality, 239–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47432-4_9.

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Abstract Despite the successful collection of thirteen life stories of working-class women of Greek background in their late sixties, who had migrated to Sweden in the 1970s, the two researchers who engaged in the study—Despina, herself a child of migrant Greek parents, and Diana, a political refugee from Argentina—were unable to publish the results. The aim of this chapter is to listen to women’s narratives by bringing into conversation the concept of social suffering through the use of a psychosocial approach. The aim is also to explore our inability (as migrants and daughters of migrants ourselves) to acknowledge what over-exploitation, gender and racial regimes can, and indeed do, to people regarding their sense of self and well-being. The chapter contains four sections. First, the text provides a short introduction to Swedish racial formation, followed by relevant efforts to conceptualise human pain, inspired by the work of Black British feminist scholars Gail Lewis and Yasmin Gunaratnam. Their theoretical intervention suggests the value of a synthesis of politicised psychoanalytic approaches to the dynamics of ‘race’ and emotional labor; providing a frame for a reflection of our own emotions, with special focus on shame and guilt. The central focus of the chapter is in the section ‘What (We Think) Hurts the Most’, which explores the stories collected organised through three topics—(failed) motherhood, broken bodies and (racist) respectability.

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Craig, Gary. "Child labour exploitation". In The Routledge Handbook of Global Child Welfare, 165–75. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315672960-17.

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Dickens, Richard, e David T. Ellwood. "Child Poverty in Britain". In The Labour Market Under New Labour, 291–305. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230598454_20.

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Miluka, Juna. "Not Just Education: The Gender Wage Gap in the Albanian Labor Markets Through Occupational Segregation, Work Experience, and Child Care". In Poverty and Exclusion in the Western Balkans, 155–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4945-4_10.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Gender and child labour"

Durgun, Özlem. "Child Poverty in Turkey". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01711.

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Poverty is one of the biggest problems in developing countries. Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Poverty issue is examined on a sector and national levels. Addition it is examined in households and gender level in many countries. When these studies are examined, the most affected segments of poverty are women and children. In our study: The relationship between the woman poverty rates and female labour force participation rates were examined in Turkey. Poor children do not only occur in developing countries. In developed countries and in countries with high income levels, poor children are likely to occur. Adults’ poverty is possible to solve in time with employment, aids and donations. However, child poverty continues in the future. Unfortunately, aid to households are not enough. So the problem must be clearly demonstrated and implemented specific policies for children. Child is the social structure of the subject. Damage to children will be create a domino effect in the future. Consequently, it should be recognized and taken measures taken in advance.

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Harjono, Bambang, Arianti Hunga e Daniel Kameo. "The Reality of Child Labor in Industry Based on “Putting-Out” System from Sustainable Development Perspective". In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Gender Equality and Ecological Justice, GE2J 2019, 10-11 July 2019, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.10-7-2019.2299316.

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Lozanoska, Aleksandra, Elizabeta Djambaska e Vladimir Petkovski. "GENDER INEQUALITY ON THE MACEDONIAN LABOUR MARKET". In 3rd International Scientific Conference on Economics and Management. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade; Faculty of Management Koper; Doba Business School - Maribor; Integrated Business Faculty - Skopje; Faculty of Management - Zajecar, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2019.599.

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B C, ASOGWA, ONOJA R, UMEH E U e UMEH J C. "Poverty and Child Labour among Households in Nigeria". In International Conference on Advances in Economics, Social Science and Human Behaviour Study - ESSHBS 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-65.

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Parker, David. "P070 A public health perspective on child labour". In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.392.

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Rievajová, Eva, e Roman Klimko. "DIFFERENCES BY GENDER ON THE SLOVAK LABOUR MARKET". In 34th International Academic Conference, Florence. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2017.034.047.

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Azis, Aswin. "Gender, Globalization and Feminization of Division of Labour". In Proceedings of the 13th International Interdisciplinary Studies Seminar, IISS 2019, 30-31 October 2019, Malang, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-3-2020.163839.

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Progga, Farhat Tasnim, MD Tanzil Shahria, Asma Arisha e Minhaz Uddin Ahmed Shanto. "A Deep Learning Based Approach to Child Labour Detection". In 2020 6th Information Technology International Seminar (ITIS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itis50118.2020.9321027.

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McMunn, A., L. Bird, E. Webb e A. Sacker. "OP90 The embodiment of gender divisions of labour: gender divisions of labour and inflammatory markers in the uk household longitudinal study". In Society for Social Medicine, 61st Annual Scientific Meeting, University of Manchester, 5–8 September 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-ssmabstracts.89.

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Charekishvili, Lia. "CHILD LABOUR: WHAT DO THE SURVEY RESULTS IN GEORGIA SHOW". In 30th International Academic Conference, Venice. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2017.030.009.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Gender and child labour"

Page, Marianne, Jessamyn Schaller e David Simon. The Effects of Aggregate and Gender-Specific Labor Demand Shocks on Child Health. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luglio 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22394.

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Lindo, Jason, Jessamyn Schaller e Benjamin Hansen. Caution! Men Not at Work: Gender-Specific Labor Market Conditions and Child Maltreatment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, aprile 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18994.

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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), gennaio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.

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Lambon-Quayefio, Monica P. The Challenges of Child Labour Research: Data Challenges and Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), maggio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/acha.2021.006.

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his Rapid Review is an attempt to instigate a broader discussion on child labour by considering the various dimensions and angles associated with the phenomenon beyond the straitjacket definitions provided in most reports. Its objectives are threefold. First, it aims to determine whether re-analysis of existing data sets is likely to yield new insights into the forms, prevalence and drivers of children’s work in agriculture in Ghana. Second, it aims to provide specific guidance on how these re-analyses might be undertaken and framed. And third, it aims to determine whether any of the available data sets might be used to map the number or density of children to the main agro-ecological zones or agricultural systems. In doing this, the review describes the nature of child work in the agricultural sector, highlighting areas that have often been ignored in the literature. The conclusion offers suggestions for future research on child labour based on our renewed understanding of the broad concept of child work.

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Kasper, Eric. Urban Neighbourhood Dynamics and the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.007.

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While the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) is not only an urban phenomenon, evidence suggests that WFCL emerges in cities in unique ways due to the complex structures and dynamics of urban systems. This report, therefore, develops a conceptual framework for WFCL in cities that integrates key understandings of urban systems and evidence about urban WFCL. This report reviews current literature on the complex systemic nature of cities – drawing on literature on the urban land nexus, urban complexity, informality, and inclusive urbanisation. It also reviews studies of child labour (focusing on the worst forms, where possible) in urban contexts. In this way, the report offers an innovative way of understanding the challenge of WFCL, and outlines the premises of a research agenda for responding to WFCL in cities. These contributions are made with the specific cities and neighbourhoods in mind where the CLARISSA programme is being implemented; however, they should be useful more generally.

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Baccara, Mariagiovanna, Allan Collard-Wexler, Leonardo Felli e Leeat Yariv. Child-Adoption Matching: Preferences for Gender and Race. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, ottobre 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16444.

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Gorman, Clare. Exposing the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Bangladesh’s Leather Sector. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), febbraio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.001.

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As one of the country’s biggest employers and its second largest exporter, the leather sector is big business in Bangladesh. But it is also in crisis. A dramatic decrease in the global demand for leather since COVID-19 has led to the collapse of the supply chain with workers, especially children, bearing the worst of the brunt. As cracks in the industry’s surface widen, new research from the Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) programme shines a light into its hidden corners, revealing examples of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) at almost every turn.

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Eyal, Katherine, e Ingrid Woolard. Female labour force participation and the child support grant in South Africa. University of Cape Town, agosto 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii046.

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Rotman, Youval. A Will of their own? Children’s Agency and Child Labour in Byzantium. Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/itma.2017.11.05.

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Aked, Jody. Supply Chains, the Informal Economy, and the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.006.

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As a cohort of people, ‘children in work’ have become critical to the everyday functioning of diverse supply chain systems. This Working Paper considers diverse commodity chains (leather, waste, recycling and sex) to explore the business realities that generate child labour in its worst forms. A review of the literature finds that occurrence of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) in supply chain systems is contingent on the organising logics and strategies adopted by actors in both the formal and informal economies. Piecing together the available evidence, the paper hypothesises that a supply chain system is sensitive to the use of WFCL when downward pressure to take on business risk cannot be matched by the economic resilience to absorb that risk. Emergencies and persistent stressors may increase risk and reduce resilience, shifting norms and behaviour. There is a need for further work to learn from business owners and workers in the informal economy.

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