Articoli di riviste: "Gene Expression RNA, Messenger"

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Bøe, Sigurd, Stein Sæbøe-Larssen e Eivind Hovig. "Light-Induced Gene Expression Using Messenger RNA Molecules". Oligonucleotides 20, n. 1 (febbraio 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/oli.2009.0209.

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Frye, Michaela, Bryan T. Harada, Mikaela Behm e Chuan He. "RNA modifications modulate gene expression during development". Science 361, n. 6409 (27 settembre 2018): 1346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau1646.

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Abstract (sommario):

RNA modifications have recently emerged as critical posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression programs. They affect diverse eukaryotic biological processes, and the correct deposition of many of these modifications is required for normal development. Messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications regulate various aspects of mRNA metabolism. For example,N6-methyladenosine (m6A) affects the translation and stability of the modified transcripts, thus providing a mechanism to coordinate the regulation of groups of transcripts during cell state maintenance and transition. Similarly, some modifications in transfer RNAs are essential for RNA structure and function. Others are deposited in response to external cues and adapt global protein synthesis and gene-specific translational accordingly and thereby facilitate proper development.

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Zhang, Jing, Fanghui Ding, Dan Jiao, Qiaozhi Li e Hong Ma. "The Aberrant Expression of MicroRNA-125a-5p/IGF2BP3 Axis in Advanced Gastric Cancer and Its Clinical Relevance". Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 19 (1 gennaio 2020): 153303382091733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033820917332.

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RNA-binding proteins have been associated with cancer development. The overexpression of a well-known RNA-binding protein, insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA–binding protein 3, has been identified as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with various types of cancer. Although gastric cancer is a relatively frequent and potentially fatal malignancy, the mechanism by which insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA–binding protein 3 regulates the development of this cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA–binding protein 3 in gastric cancer. An analysis of IGF2BP3 expression patterns reported in 4 public gastric cancer–related microarray data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas-Stomach Adenocarcinoma revealed strong expression of this gene in gastric cancer tissues. Insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA–binding protein 3 expression in gastric cancer was further confirmed via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in an in-house gastric cancer cohort (n = 30), and the association of insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA–binding protein 3 expression with clinical parameters and prognosis was analyzed. Notably, stronger IGF2BP3 expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis, and significant changes in insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA–binding protein 3 expression were only confirmed in patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer in an independent cohort. The effects of insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA–binding protein 3 on cell proliferation were confirmed through in vitro experiments involving the HGC-27 gastric cancer cell line. MicroR-125a-5p, a candidate microRNA that target on insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA–binding protein 3, decreased in advanced-stage gastric cancer. Upregulation of microR-125a-5p inhibited insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA–binding protein 3, and dual-luciferase report assay indicated that microR-125a-5p inhibited the translation of IGF2BP3 by directly targeting the 3′ untranslated region. These results indicate that the microR-125a-5p/insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA–binding protein 3 axis contributes to the oncogenesis of advanced gastric cancer.

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Weil, D., S. Brosset e F. Dautry. "RNA processing is a limiting step for murine tumor necrosis factor beta expression in response to interleukin-2." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, n. 11 (novembre 1990): 5865–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.11.5865.

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We have previously reported that tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF beta) expression is induced by interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the murine lymphocytic T-cell line CTLL-2. In this study, we have characterized the nuclear and cytoplasmic TNF beta transcript and assessed their role in TNF beta gene expression. A unique feature of TNF beta expression was the accumulation of nuclear precursors, which reflected a slow nuclear RNA processing. As a consequence, there was a delay in the appearance of cytoplasmic messengers after the transcriptional induction of TNF beta by IL-2. We also found that two messengers, the fully spliced messenger and an intron 3-retaining messenger, were exported to the cytoplasm and actively translated. The same pattern of expression was observed in concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes, although the level of expression was much lower than in CTLL-2 cells. The simple genetic structure and the high level of accumulation of nuclear precursors make TNF beta a particularly attractive model system to use for studies of RNA processing and cytoplasmic transport of partially spliced messengers.

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Weil, D., S. Brosset e F. Dautry. "RNA processing is a limiting step for murine tumor necrosis factor beta expression in response to interleukin-2". Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, n. 11 (novembre 1990): 5865–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.11.5865-5875.1990.

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We have previously reported that tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF beta) expression is induced by interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the murine lymphocytic T-cell line CTLL-2. In this study, we have characterized the nuclear and cytoplasmic TNF beta transcript and assessed their role in TNF beta gene expression. A unique feature of TNF beta expression was the accumulation of nuclear precursors, which reflected a slow nuclear RNA processing. As a consequence, there was a delay in the appearance of cytoplasmic messengers after the transcriptional induction of TNF beta by IL-2. We also found that two messengers, the fully spliced messenger and an intron 3-retaining messenger, were exported to the cytoplasm and actively translated. The same pattern of expression was observed in concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes, although the level of expression was much lower than in CTLL-2 cells. The simple genetic structure and the high level of accumulation of nuclear precursors make TNF beta a particularly attractive model system to use for studies of RNA processing and cytoplasmic transport of partially spliced messengers.

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Lei, Sibei, Xueyan Zhang, Jingmei Li, Yan Gao, Jieping Wu, Xingmei Duan e Ke Men. "Current Progress in Messenger RNA-Based Gene Therapy". Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 16, n. 7 (1 luglio 2020): 1018–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2020.2961.

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Based on its rapid expression, simple sequence composition, low immunogenicity, and flexible modification possibilities, in vitro synthesized mRNA has demonstrated strong potential as a candidate for gene therapy. Many efforts have been made to enhance its therapeutic efficacy and safety. Profiting from the development in pathogenesis and materials science, much progress has been achieved in mRNA-based therapy studies. Many mRNA-derived therapeutics including vaccines, antibodies, cytokines, and growth factors have emerged for the treatment of diverse diseases that have multiple modes of action. Novel delivery vectors with enhanced capacity, safety, and properties have been developed to meet the demands of mRNA delivery. Advanced strategies like library screening, environment interaction, and bio-inspiration materials have been used in the investigation process and produced valuable results. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in mRNA-based gene therapy studies.

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Fioravanti, Antonella, Luigi Pirtoli, Antonio Giordano e Francesco Dotta. "Crosstalk between MicroRNA and Oxidative Stress in Physiology and Pathology". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n. 4 (13 febbraio 2020): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041270.

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Barrow, L., M. S. Tanner e D. R. Critchley. "Expression of the Caeruloplasmin Gene in the Adult and Neonatal Rat Liver". Clinical Science 77, n. 3 (1 settembre 1989): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0770259.

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1. It has been suggested that low levels of serum caeruloplasmin in Wilson's disease result from the failure to switch from a fetal to an adult mode of caeruloplasmin gene expression. To investigate postnatal expression of the caeruloplasmin gene, steady-state levels of caeruloplasmin messenger RNA in adult and neonatal rat liver were measured. 2. Copper parameters observed in neonatal rats were similar to those seen in Wilson's disease: hepatic copper concentration was significantly elevated (neonatal 164 ± 35 μg/g, adults 50 ± 8 μg/g, P < .001) and serum copper and caeruloplasmin levels were low (neonatal 0.5 ± 0.1 μg/ml, adults 1.3 ± 0.2 μg/ml, P < .001; neonatal 0.20 ± 0.04 arbitrary units, adults 0.69 ± 0.16 arbitrary units, P < .001), respectively. 3. Caeruloplasmin messenger RNA levels were analysed by Northern and dot blotting using a 12P-labelled caeruloplasmin complementary DNA probe. A caeruloplasmin messenger RNA of approximately 4.4 kilobases was detected in both adult and neonatal rat liver, with no significant difference observed in steady-state levels. 4. A step subsequent to caeruloplasmin gene transcription must therefore be impaired in neonatal rats.

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Carrier, T. A., e J. D. Keasling. "Controlling Messenger RNA Stability in Bacteria: Strategies for Engineering Gene Expression". Biotechnology Progress 13, n. 6 (2 dicembre 1997): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp970095h.

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Straub, Bernd, Markus Müller, Hans Krause, Mark Schrader, Carsten Goessl e Kurt Miller. "Receptor Gene Messenger RNA Expression in Metastatic Lesions of Prostate Cancer". Journal of Urology 168, n. 3 (settembre 2002): 1212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(05)64627-7.

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Sasaki, Hidefumi, Hiroshi Haneda, Haruhiro Yukiue, Yoshihiro Kobayashi, Motoki Yano e Yoshitaka Fujii. "Decreased Fragile Histidine Triad Gene Messenger RNA Expression in Lung Cancer". Clinical Lung Cancer 7, n. 6 (maggio 2006): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/clc.2006.n.026.

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Eastwood, Sharon L., Nigel J. Cairns e Paul J. Harrison. "Synaptophysin gene expression in schizophrenia". British Journal of Psychiatry 176, n. 3 (marzo 2000): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.3.236.

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BackgroundDecreased expression of proteins such as synaptophysin in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia is suggestive of synaptic pathology. However, the overall profile of changes is unclear.AimsTo investigate synaptophysin gene expression in the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia.MethodThe dorsolateral prefrontal (Brodmann area [BA] 9/46), anterior cingulate (BA 24), superior temporal (BA 22) and occipital (BA 17) cortex were studied in two series of brains, totalling 19 cases and 19 controls. Synaptophysin was measured by immunoautoradiography and immunoblotting. Synaptophysin messenger RNA (m RNA) was measured using in situ hybridisation.ResultsSynaptophysin was unchanged in schizophrenia, except for a reduction in BA 17 of one brain series. Synaptophysin mRNA was decreased in BA 17, and in BA 22 in the women with schizophrenia. No alterations were seen in BA 9/46.ConclusionsSynaptophysin expression is decreased in some cortical areas in schizophrenia. The alterations affect the mRNA more than the protein, and have an unexpected regional distribution. The characteristics of the implied synaptic pathology remain to be determined.

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Goldmann, Wilfred, Gerard O’Neill, Foo Cheung, Fiona Charleson, Peter Ford e Nora Hunter. "PrP (prion) gene expression in sheep may be modulated by alternative polyadenylation of its messenger RNA". Journal of General Virology 80, n. 8 (1 agosto 1999): 2275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-80-8-2275.

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Scrapie-associated fibrils and their major protein component, PrP or prion protein, accumulate in the brains and some other tissues of all species affected by transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases. To investigate the role of PrP gene expression in the hosts of these diseases, we have analysed some characteristics of PrP gene RNA transcripts in sheep and cattle tissues and made comparisons with PrP RNA transcripts in human and mouse tissues. Two PrP messenger RNAs of 4·6 kb and 2·1 kb, the result of alternative polyadenylation, were found first in sheep peripheral tissues and also occurred at low levels in sheep brain and bovine tissues, but not in human and mouse tissues. Our results from transfection assays of murine neuroblastoma cells with constructs expressing different regions of ovine PrP messenger RNA revealed the presence of sequences in the 3′ untranslated region of the gene that modulate protein synthesis.

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Charlton, S. T., B. J. Cameron, D. R. Glimm, G. R. Foxcroft e J. J. Kennelly. "Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene expression in porcine ovarian tissue". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 73, n. 2 (1 giugno 1993): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas93-027.

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A study was conducted to demonstrate IGF-1 gene expression in porcine ovarian tissue. Using northern blot analysis, IGF-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts could not be consistently detected in total RNA. Authentic mRNA transcripts were detected in polyadenylated RNA-enriched RNA with sizes of 8.0, 3.6 and 2.3 bases, and possibly 0.8–1.1 kbases. Key words: Ovary, IGF-1, pig, mRNA

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Lichtor, Terry, George J. Dohrmann e Mark E. Gurney. "Cytokine Gene Expression by Human Gliomas". Neurosurgery 26, n. 5 (1 maggio 1990): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199005000-00009.

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Abstract Two glioma tumor lines and specimens from five patients with gliomas were analyzed to determine genic expression of four growth factors found in human brain. Messenger RNA encoding for interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and basic fibroblast growth factor was found to be expressed in significant amounts in some of these tumors, while mRNA for interleukin-3 was found in small quantities in only the tumor lines. Multiple species of mRNA for basic fibroblast growth factor were found. Expression of growth factor genes may play a role in the growth of human gliomas.

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Smith, James R., e Olivia M. Pereira-Smith. "Altered gene expression during cellular aging". Genome 31, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1989): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-058.

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The limited division potential of normal human diploid fibroblasts in culture represents a model system for cellular aging. Observations indicate cellular senescence is an active process. Senescent cells, although unable to divide, are actively metabolizing. Hybrids from fusion of normal and immortal human cells exhibit limited division potential, suggesting that the phenotype of cellular senescence is dominant and supporting the hypothesis that senescence is genetically programmed. Fusion of immortal human cell lines with each other has identified four complementation groups for indefinite division. This indicates that a limited number of specific genes or processes are involved in senescence. Senescent cells express highly abundant DNA synthesis inhibitory messenger RNAs and produce a surface membrane associated protein inhibitor of DNA synthesis not expressed in young cells. Senescent cell membranes were used as immunogen to generate three monoclonal antibodies reacting specifically with senescent but not young cells in several normal human cell lines. We have also found that fibronectin messenger RNA accumulates to high levels in senescent cells. The role of these changes in gene expression in senescence is being explored.Key words: cellular senescence, human cells.

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Licht, Konstantin, e Michael F. Jantsch. "Rapid and dynamic transcriptome regulation by RNA editing and RNA modifications". Journal of Cell Biology 213, n. 1 (4 aprile 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201511041.

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Advances in next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry have revealed widespread messenger RNA modifications and RNA editing, with dramatic effects on mammalian transcriptomes. Factors introducing, deleting, or interpreting specific modifications have been identified, and analogous with epigenetic terminology, have been designated “writers,” “erasers,” and “readers.” Such modifications in the transcriptome are referred to as epitranscriptomic changes and represent a fascinating new layer of gene expression regulation that has only recently been appreciated. Here, we outline how RNA editing and RNA modification can rapidly affect gene expression, making both processes as well suited to respond to cellular stress and to regulate the transcriptome during development or circadian periods.

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Rahman, Rayees, Nicole Zatorski, Jens Hansen, Yuguang Xiong, J. G. Coen van Hasselt, Eric A. Sobie, Marc R. Birtwistle, Evren U. Azeloglu, Ravi Iyengar e Avner Schlessinger. "Protein structure–based gene expression signatures". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n. 19 (3 maggio 2021): e2014866118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014866118.

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Gene expression signatures (GES) connect phenotypes to differential messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of genes, providing a powerful approach to define cellular identity, function, and the effects of perturbations. The use of GES has suffered from vague assessment criteria and limited reproducibility. Because the structure of proteins defines the functional capability of genes, we hypothesized that enrichment of structural features could be a generalizable representation of gene sets. We derive structural gene expression signatures (sGES) using features from multiple levels of protein structure (e.g., domain and fold) encoded by the mRNAs in GES. Comprehensive analyses of data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx), the all RNA-seq and ChIP-seq sample and signature search (ARCHS4) database, and mRNA expression of drug effects on cardiomyocytes show that sGES are useful for characterizing biological phenomena. sGES enable phenotypic characterization across experimental platforms, facilitates interoperability of expression datasets, and describe drug action on cells.

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De Gaudenzi, Javier G., Griselda Noé, Vanina A. Campo, Alberto C. Frasch e Alejandro Cassola. "Gene expression regulation in trypanosomatids". Essays in Biochemistry 51 (24 ottobre 2011): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0510031.

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Trypanosomatids are protozoan micro-organisms that cause serious health problems in humans and domestic animals. In addition to their medical relevance, these pathogens have novel biological structures and processes. From nuclear DNA transcription to mRNA translation, trypanosomes use unusual mechanisms to control gene expression. For example, transcription by RNAPII (RNA polymerase II) is polycistronic, and only a few transcription initiation sites have been identified so far. The sequences present in the polycistronic units code for proteins having unrelated functions, that is, not involved in a similar metabolic pathway. Owing to these biological constraints, these micro-organisms regulate gene expression mostly by post-transcriptional events. Consequently, the function of proteins that recognize RNA elements preferentially at the 3′ UTR (untranslated region) of transcripts is central. It was recently shown that mRNP (messenger ribonucleoprotein) complexes are organized within post-transcriptional operons to co-ordinately regulate gene expression of functionally linked transcripts. In the present chapter we will focus on particular characteristics of gene expression in the so-called TriTryp parasites: Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major.

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Anderson, Paul, e Nancy Kedersha. "RNA granules". Journal of Cell Biology 172, n. 6 (6 marzo 2006): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200512082.

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Cytoplasmic RNA granules in germ cells (polar and germinal granules), somatic cells (stress granules and processing bodies), and neurons (neuronal granules) have emerged as important players in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. RNA granules contain various ribosomal subunits, translation factors, decay enzymes, helicases, scaffold proteins, and RNA-binding proteins, and they control the localization, stability, and translation of their RNA cargo. We review the relationship between different classes of these granules and discuss how spatial organization regulates messenger RNA translation/decay.

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Anderson, Kelsi L., e Paul M. Dunman. "Messenger RNA Turnover Processes inEscherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Emerging Studies inStaphylococcus aureus". International Journal of Microbiology 2009 (2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/525491.

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The regulation of mRNA turnover is a recently appreciated phenomenon by which bacteria modulate gene expression. This review outlines the mechanisms by which three major classes of bacterialtrans-acting factors, ribonucleases (RNases), RNA binding proteins, and small noncoding RNAs (sRNA), regulate the transcript stability and protein production of target genes. Because the mechanisms of RNA decay and maturation are best characterized inEscherichia coli, the majority of this review will focus on how these factors modulate mRNA stability in this organism. However, we also address the effects of RNases, RNA binding proteins, sRNAs on mRNA turnover, and gene expression inBacillus subtilis, which has served as a model for studying RNA processing in gram-positive organisms. We conclude by discussing emerging studies on the role modulating mRNA stability has on gene expression in the important human pathogenStaphylococcus aureus.

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Peng, Ziqi, Boyang Xu e Feng Jin. "Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000376 Participates in Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer by Targeting miR-1285-3p". Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 19 (1 gennaio 2020): 153303382092847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033820928471.

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This study was designed to identify novel circular RNAs and the related regulatory axis to provide research targets for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The circular RNA expression microarray “GSE101123” related to breast cancer was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed circular RNAs between tumor and normal samples were screened using Limma package. The targeted microRNAs of the differentially expressed circular RNAs and the targeted messenger RNAs of the microRNAs were predicted using miRanda and miRWalk, respectively, and a circular RNAs–microRNAs–messenger RNAs network was constructed. Then, functional enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction network construction, and drug–gene interaction analysis were conducted for the messenger RNAs. A total of 11 differentially expressed circular RNAs were identified between the breast cancer and normal samples, of which 3 were upregulated, while 8 were downregulated. The circular RNA–microRNA–messenger RNA network contained 1 circular RNA (hsa_circ_0000376), 2 microRNAs (miR-1285-3p and miR-1286), and 353 messenger RNAs. The protein–protein interaction network contained 150 nodes and 240 interactions. The hub genes in the protein–protein interaction network were all targeted messenger RNAs of miR-1285-3p that were significantly enriched in the ubiquitin–proteasome system, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest–related pathways, and cancer-related pathways involving SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1, β-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, tumor protein P53 among others. Twenty-two drugs were predicted to target 4 messenger RNAs, including tumor protein P53. A novel circular RNA, hsa_circ_0000376, was identified in breast cancer that may act as a sponge targeting miR-1285-3p expression which through its target genes, SMURF1, BTRC, and TP53, may further regulate tumorigenesis.

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Zhang, Quanwei, Qi Wang, Yong Zhang, Shuru Cheng, Junjie Hu, Youji Ma e Xingxu Zhao. "Comprehensive Analysis of MicroRNA–Messenger RNA from White Yak Testis Reveals the Differentially Expressed Molecules Involved in Development and Reproduction". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, n. 10 (9 ottobre 2018): 3083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103083.

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Testis development is a vital and tightly regulated process in mammals. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying testis development will benefit the animal reproduction industry. Expression changes in microRNA and messenger RNA in response to dynamic regulation effects have been associated with this process. However, very little is known about the roles of these molecules in yak development. Using whole-genome small RNA and messenger RNA sequencing, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the microRNA–messenger RNA interaction network expression in the testicles of Tianzhu white yaks during three developmental stages. Using Short Time-series Expression Miner analysis we identified 589 differentially expressed microRNAs (DERs) and 3383 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DEGs) in the three age groups. A total of 93 unique DEGs are primarily involved in reproduction and testis development. Subsequently, four integration networks were constructed according to the DEGs and DERs in three biological processes. Nineteen DEGs were potentially regulated by 60 DERs, of which miR-574 and target gene AURKA played a crucial role in yak testis development and reproduction. The results of this study provide a basis for further exploration of the microRNA–messenger RNA interactions in testis development and reproduction and aid in uncovering the molecular mechanisms of spermatogenesis in male mammals.

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Saikia, Snigdha, Asad Ur Rehman, Prajjalendra Barooah, Preeti Sarmah, Mallika Bhattacharyya, Muktanjalee Deka, Manab Deka, Bhabadev Goswami, Syed Akhtar Husain e Subhash Medhi. "Alteration in the expression of MGMT and RUNX3 due to non-CpG promoter methylation and their correlation with different risk factors in esophageal cancer patients". Tumor Biology 39, n. 5 (maggio 2017): 101042831770163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010428317701630.

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Promoter methylation reflects in the inactivation of different genes like O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase DNA repair gene and runt-related transcription factor 3, a known tumor suppressor gene in various cancers such as esophageal cancer. The promoter methylation was evaluated for O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 in CpG, CHH, and CHG context (where H is A, T, or C) by next-generation sequencing. The methylation status was correlated with quantitative messenger RNA expression. In addition, messenger RNA expression was correlated with different risk factors like tobacco, alcohol, betel nut consumption, and smoking habit. CpG methylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter had a positive association in the development of esophageal cancer (p < 0.05), whereas runt-related transcription factor 3 promoter methylation showed no significant association (p = 1.0) to develop esophageal cancer. However, the non-CpG methylation, CHH, and CHG were significantly correlated with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (p < 0.05) and runt-related transcription factor 3 (p < 0.05) promoters in the development of esophageal cancer. The number of cytosine converted to thymine (C→T) in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter showed a significant correlation between cases and controls (p < 0.05), but in runt-related transcription factor 3 no such significant correlation was observed. Besides, messenger RNA expression was found to be significantly correlated with promoter hypermethylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 in the context of CHG and CHH (p < 0.05). The CpG hypermethylation in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase showed positive (p < 0.05) association, whereas in runt-related transcription factor 3, it showed contrasting negative association (p = 0.23) with their messenger RNA expression. Tobacco, betel nut consumption, and smoking habits were associated with altered messenger RNA expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (p < 0.05) and betel nut consumption and smoking habits were associated with runt-related transcription factor 3 (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between messenger RNA expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 with alcohol consumption (p = 0.32 and p = 0.15). In conclusion, our results suggest that an aberrant messenger RNA expression may be the outcome of CpG, CHG, and CHH methylation in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, whereas outcome of CHG and CHH methylation in runt-related transcription factor 3 promoters along with risk factors such as consumption of tobacco, betel nut, and smoking habits in esophageal cancer from Northeast India.

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López de Silanes, Isabel, María Paz Quesada e Manel Esteller. "Aberrant Regulation of Messenger RNA 3′-Untranslated Region in Human Cancer". Analytical Cellular Pathology 29, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/586139.

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Abstract (sommario):

The messenger RNA 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) is emerging as critically important in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. The 3′UTR governs gene expression via orchestrated interactions between mRNA structural components (cis-elements) and specific trans-acting factors (RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNAs). Alterations in any of these components can lead to disease. Here, we review the mutations in 3′UTR regulatory sequences as well as the aberrant levels, subcellular localization, and posttranslational modifications of trans-acting factors that can promote or enhance the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. A thorough understanding of these alterations and their impact upon 3′UTR-directed posttranscriptional gene regulation will uncover promising new targets for therapeutic intervention.

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Hesketh, John E., M. Helena Vasconcelos e Giovanna Bermano. "Regulatory signals in messenger RNA: determinants of nutrient–gene interaction and metabolic compartmentation". British Journal of Nutrition 80, n. 4 (ottobre 1998): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114598001378.

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Nutrition has marked influences on gene expression and an understanding of the interaction between nutrients and gene expression is important in order to provide a basis for determining the nutritional requirements on an individual basis. The effects of nutrition can be exerted at many stages between transcription of the genetic sequence and production of a functional protein. This review focuses on the role of post-transcriptional control, particularly mRNA stability, translation and localization, in the interactions of nutrients with gene expression. The effects of both macronutrients and micronutrients on regulation of gene expression by post-transcriptional mechanisms are presented and the post-transcriptional regulation of specific genes of nutritional relevance (glucose transporters, transferrin, selenoenzymes, metallothionein, lipoproteins) is described in detail. The function of the regulatory signals in the untranslated regions of the mRNA is highlighted in relation to control of mRNA stability, translation and localization and the importance of these mRNA regions to regulation by nutrients is illustrated by reference to specific examples. The localization of mRNA by signals in the untranslated regions and its function in the spatial organization of protein synthesis is described; the potential of such mechanisms to play a key part in nutrient channelling and metabolic compartmentation is discussed. It is concluded that nutrients can influence gene expression through control of the regulatory signals in these untranslated regions and that the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by these mechanisms may influence nutritional requirements. It is emphasized that in studies of nutritional control of gene expression it is important not to focus only on regulation through gene promoters but also to consider the possibility of post-transcriptional control.

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Prescott, James L., e Donald J. Tindall. "Clathrin Gene Expression Is Androgen Regulated in the Prostate*". Endocrinology 139, n. 4 (1 aprile 1998): 2111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.139.4.5926.

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Abstract Androgens are required for the development and function of the prostate. In a normal human prostate, androgens control the synthesis of proteins such as prostate-specific antigen and human glandular kallikrein. The prostate secretes these proteins as well as a number of other compounds to form the prostatic fluid. Using differential display PCR to detect novel androgen-regulated genes, clathrin heavy chain expression was identified as potentially being up-regulated by androgens in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. We report here that the clathrin heavy chain and light chain genes are regulated by androgens. Clathrin heavy chain messenger RNA was up-regulated by androgens in a concentration- and time-specific manner in the LNCaP cell line. Translation of clathrin heavy chain messenger RNA was stimulated by androgens. Steady state levels of clathrin light chains a and b were up-regulated in the presence of androgen in LNCaP cells. Clathrin gene expression was examined in normal rat prostates, and similar results were found. Clathrin heavy chain protein levels in the rat prostate are also affected by the androgen status of the animal. We hypothesize that clathrin may be involved in the exocytosis of androgen-regulated secretory proteins such as prostate-specific antigen and human glandular kallikrein.

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Liu, Tao, Guoru Zhang, Yaling Wang, Mingyue Rao, Yang Zhang, Anjun Guo, Mei Wang e Cheng-I. Cheng. "Identification of Circular RNA-MicroRNA-Messenger RNA Regulatory Network in Atrial Fibrillation by Integrated Analysis". BioMed Research International 2020 (29 settembre 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8037273.

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Background. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a noncoding RNA that forms a closed-loop structure, and its abnormal expression may cause disease. We aimed to find potential network for circRNA-related competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods. The circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles in the heart tissue from AF patients were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed comprehensively. Differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified, followed by the establishment of DEcircRNA-DEmiRNA-DEmRNA regulatory network. Functional annotation analysis of host gene of DEcircRNAs and DEmRNAs in ceRNA regulatory network was performed. In vitro experiment and electronic validation were used to validate the expression of DEcircRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DEmRNAs. Results. A total of 1611 DEcircRNAs, 51 DEmiRNAs, and 1250 DEmRNAs were identified in AF. The DEcircRNA-DEmiRNA-DEmRNA network contained 62 circRNAs, 14 miRNAs, and 728 mRNAs. Among which, two ceRNA regulatory pairs of hsa-circRNA-100053-hsa-miR-455-5p-TRPV1 and hsa-circRNA-005843-hsa-miR-188-5p-SPON1 were identified. In addition, six miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs including hsa-miR-34c-5p-INMT, hsa-miR-1253-DDIT4L, hsa-miR-508-5p-SMOC2, hsa-miR-943-ACTA1, hsa-miR-338-3p-WIPI1, and hsa-miR-199a-3p-RAP1GAP2 were also obtained. MTOR was a significantly enriched signaling pathway of host gene of DEcircRNAs. In addition, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were remarkably enriched signaling pathways of DEmRNAs in DEcircRNA-DEmiRNA-DEmRNA regulatory network. The expression validation of hsa-circRNA-402565, hsa-miR-34c-5p, hsa-miR-188-5p, SPON1, DDIT4L, SMOC2, and WIPI1 was consistent with the integrated analysis. Conclusion. We speculated that hsa-circRNA-100053-hsa-miR-455-5p-TRPV1 and hsa-circRNA-005843-hsa-miR-188-5p-SPON1 interaction pairs may be involved in AF.

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Yamaoka, Y., M. Kita, T. Kodama, N. Sawai e J. Imanishi. "Helicobacter pylori cagA gene and expression of cytokine messenger RNA in gastric mucosa". Gastroenterology 110, n. 6 (giugno 1996): 1744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8964399.

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30

Rostoks, Nils, Brian J. Steffenson e Andris Kleinhofs. "Structure and expression of the barley stem rust resistance gene Rpg1 messenger RNA". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 64, n. 2 (febbraio 2004): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.05.006.

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31

Ogawa, Kazuhiko, Tohru Utsunomiya, Koshi Mimori, Fumiaki Tanaka, Hiroshi Inoue, Hisashi Nagahara, Sadayuki Murayama e Masaki Mori. "Clinical Significance of Human Kallikrein Gene 6 Messenger RNA Expression in Colorectal Cancer". Clinical Cancer Research 11, n. 8 (15 aprile 2005): 2889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2281.

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32

Wild, Gary E., Patrizia Papalia, Mark J. Ropeleski, Julio Faria e Alan BR Thomson. "Applications of Recombinant Dna Technology in Gastrointestinal Medicine and Hepatology: Basic Paradigms of Molecular Cell Biology. Part B: Eukaryotic Gene Transcription and Post-Transcripional Rna Processing". Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, n. 4 (2000): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/385327.

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Abstract (sommario):

The transcription of DNA into RNA is the primary level at which gene expression is controlled in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic gene transcription involves several different RNA polymerases that interact with a host of transcription factors to initiate transcription. Genes that encode proteins are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) by RNA polymerase II. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are transcribed by RNA polymerase I and III, respectively. The production of each mRNA in human cells involves complex interactions of proteins (ie, trans-acting factors) with specific sequences on the DNA (ie, cis-acting elements). Cis-acting elements are short base sequences adjacent to or within a particular gene. While the regulation of transcription is a pivotal step in the control of gene expression, a variety of molecular events, collectively known as ’RNA processing’ add an additional level of control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells.

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Collinge, John, e David Curtis. "Decreased Hippocampal Expression of a Glutamate Receptor Gene in Schizophrenia". British Journal of Psychiatry 159, n. 6 (dicembre 1991): 857–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.6.857.

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‘A striking and specific loss of the messenger RNA that encodes a non-N-methyl D-aspartate (non-NMDA) glutamate receptor was found in hippocampal tissue obtained at necropsy from 6 patients with schizophrenia, when compared to specimens from 8 controls without neurological or psychiatric signs or symptoms. These findings support suggestions of aberrant glutamatergic function in schizophrenia. Evidence that gene expression may be abnormal in schizophrenia, with decreased production of an excitatory neurotransmitter receptor, may have therapeutic as well as pathogenetic implications.’

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Harrison, Paul J., Amanda J. L. Barton, Abdolrahman Najlerahim, Brendan McDonald e R. Carl A. Pearson. "Regional and neuronal reductions of polyadenylated messenger RNA in Alzheimer's disease". Psychological Medicine 21, n. 4 (novembre 1991): 855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700029858.

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SYNOPSISMessenger RNA (mRNA) is the key intermediate in the gene expression pathway. The amount of mRNA in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains has been determined using in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) to detect the poly(A) tails of polyadenylated mRNA (poly(A) + mRNA). On a regional basis, AD cases had significantly less poly(A) + mRNA than controls in hippocampus (field CA3) and cerebellum (granule cell layer). Analysis of constituent pyramidal neurons showed mean reductions per cell within AD hippocampus (field CA3) and temporal cortex, but not in visual cortex. Similar changes were seen in a small group of non-AD dementias. The finding of reduced poly(A) + mRNA content is another indication of the altered brain gene expression occurring in AD. It is proposed that measurement of poly(A) + mRNA may be valuable in identifying functionally impaired neuronal populations. The methodology also provides a means by which changes in the quantitative distribution of individual mRNAs can be determined relative to that of poly(A) + mRNA as a whole.

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Albitar, M., C. Peschle e SA Liebhaber. "Theta, zeta, and epsilon globin messenger RNAs are expressed in adults". Blood 74, n. 2 (1 agosto 1989): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.2.629.629.

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Abstract The theta globin gene is the most recently discovered member of the alpha globin gene family. Its pattern of expression during development is not fully defined, and its encoded protein has not yet been detected in vivo. The detection of theta globin messenger RNA (mRNA) in embryonic and fetal erythroid tissue but not in adults has suggested that theta is an embryonic globin gene. The present study further defines the pattern of theta globin gene expression. We use a modification of the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to assess the levels of theta globin gene expression during development. We confirm the presence of the theta globin mRNA in embryonic and fetal erythroid tissue, and, in addition, we find theta mRNA in the peripheral reticulocytes of normal adults. Furthermore, using the same analytic approach, we detect low but significant levels of the embryonic zeta and epsilon mRNAs in reticulocytes of normal adults. Both zeta and theta gene expression appears erythroid specific in that neither mRNA species is detected in RNA isolated from brain tissue, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or three nonerythroid cell lines (B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte, and hepatoma cell lines). The relative levels of zeta and theta gene expression were assayed during development by a coamplification technique. The results demonstrate the expected developmental regulation of zeta globin mRNA. In contrast, the level of theta globin mRNA fails to demonstrate the significant changes of the magnitude seen in other globin genes and remains low in embryonic, fetal, and adult life. The lack of zeta and epsilon globin proteins in normal adults using highly sensitive immunologic techniques, as reported by others, stands in contrast to these mRNA results and suggests a gap between mRNA and protein expression.

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Albitar, M., C. Peschle e SA Liebhaber. "Theta, zeta, and epsilon globin messenger RNAs are expressed in adults". Blood 74, n. 2 (1 agosto 1989): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.2.629.bloodjournal742629.

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Abstract (sommario):

The theta globin gene is the most recently discovered member of the alpha globin gene family. Its pattern of expression during development is not fully defined, and its encoded protein has not yet been detected in vivo. The detection of theta globin messenger RNA (mRNA) in embryonic and fetal erythroid tissue but not in adults has suggested that theta is an embryonic globin gene. The present study further defines the pattern of theta globin gene expression. We use a modification of the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to assess the levels of theta globin gene expression during development. We confirm the presence of the theta globin mRNA in embryonic and fetal erythroid tissue, and, in addition, we find theta mRNA in the peripheral reticulocytes of normal adults. Furthermore, using the same analytic approach, we detect low but significant levels of the embryonic zeta and epsilon mRNAs in reticulocytes of normal adults. Both zeta and theta gene expression appears erythroid specific in that neither mRNA species is detected in RNA isolated from brain tissue, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or three nonerythroid cell lines (B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte, and hepatoma cell lines). The relative levels of zeta and theta gene expression were assayed during development by a coamplification technique. The results demonstrate the expected developmental regulation of zeta globin mRNA. In contrast, the level of theta globin mRNA fails to demonstrate the significant changes of the magnitude seen in other globin genes and remains low in embryonic, fetal, and adult life. The lack of zeta and epsilon globin proteins in normal adults using highly sensitive immunologic techniques, as reported by others, stands in contrast to these mRNA results and suggests a gap between mRNA and protein expression.

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Mikami, Maya, e Jay Yang. "Short Hairpin RNA–mediated Selective Knockdown of NaV1.8 Tetrodotoxin-resistant Voltage-gated Sodium Channel in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons". Anesthesiology 103, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2005): 828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200510000-00022.

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Background Voltage-gated sodium channels comprise a family of closely related proteins, each subserving different physiologic and pathologic functions. NaV1.8 is an isoform of voltage-gated sodium channel implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, but currently, there is no isoform-specific inhibitor of any voltage-gated sodium channels. The authors explored the possibility of short hairpin RNA-mediated selective knockdown of NaV1.8 expression. Methods DNA constructs designed to transcribe short hairpin RNA targeting NaV1.8 were created and incorporated into recombinant lentiviruses. The virus-induced selective knockdown of NaV1.8 was examined at the protein, messenger RNA, and functional levels using Western blot, immunohistochemistry, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and patch clamp electrophysiology. Results Transduction of HEK293 cells stably expressing NaV1.8 or primary dorsal root ganglion neurons with lentivirus expressing short hairpin RNA resulted in the knockdown of NaV1.8 protein and messenger RNA concentrations. Whole cell patch clamp recordings confirmed decrease in the NaV1.8-mediated current density without changes in other biophysical properties. Conclusions A selective knockdown of NaV1.8 expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons can be attained by short hairpin RNA delivered with lentivirus. This method may provide a new gene therapy approach to controlling neuronal hyperexcitability and pathologic pain.

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S, Saraswat. "RNA in Semen and Sperm: Importance and Transcriptome Analysis in Buck". Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 3, n. 2 (2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000158.

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Mammalian sperm contains an array of RNAs including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and small RNAs (sRNAs), largely representing remnant transcripts produced during spermatogenesis. Increasing evidence has indicated that ncRNAs, which control gene expression at transcriptional, post - transcriptional, and epigenetic levels, play critical roles in male germ cell development. Sperm transcribe their RNA,RNAs have different role, high fertile buck have more RNA yie ld /spermatozoon vs low fertile buck, transcripts such as miR - 34c, BMP2, TRADD influence semen quality and fertility.

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Owens, Robert A., Kimberly B. Tech, Jonathan Y. Shao, Teruo Sano e C. Jacyn Baker. "Global Analysis of Tomato Gene Expression During Potato spindle tuber viroid Infection Reveals a Complex Array of Changes Affecting Hormone Signaling". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, n. 4 (aprile 2012): 582–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-09-11-0258.

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Abstract (sommario):

Viroids like Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) are the smallest known agents of infectious disease—small, highly structured, circular RNA molecules that lack detectable messenger RNA activity, yet are able to replicate autonomously in susceptible plant species. To better understand the possible role of RNA silencing in disease induction, a combination of microarray analysis and large-scale RNA sequence analysis was used to compare changes in tomato gene expression and microRNA levels associated with PSTVd infection in two tomato cultivars plus a third transformed line expressing small PSTVd small interfering RNAs in the absence of viroid replication. Changes in messenger (m)RNA levels for the sensitive cultivar ‘Rutgers’ were extensive, involving more than half of the approximately 10,000 genes present on the array. Chloroplast biogenesis was down-regulated in both sensitive and tolerant cultivars, and effects on mRNAs encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellin and other hormones were accompanied by numerous changes affecting their respective signaling pathways. In the dwarf cultivar ‘MicroTom’, a marked upregulation of genes involved in response to stress and other stimuli was observed only when exogenous brassinosteroid was applied to infected plants, thereby providing the first evidence for the involvement of brassinosteroid-mediated signaling in viroid disease induction.

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Rodrigues, Daniela F., Vera M. Costa, Ricardo Silvestre, Maria L. Bastos e Félix Carvalho. "Methods for the analysis of transcriptome dynamics". Toxicology Research 8, n. 5 (26 luglio 2019): 597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tx00088g.

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Abstract The transcriptome is the complete set of transcripts in a cell or tissue and includes ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and regulatory noncoding RNA. At steady-state, the transcriptome results from a compensatory variation of the transcription and decay rate to maintain the RNA concentration constant. RNA transcription constitutes the first stage in gene expression, and thus is a major and primary mode of gene expression control. Nevertheless, regulation of RNA decay is also a key factor in gene expression control, involving either selective RNA stabilization or enhanced degradation. Transcriptome analysis allows the identification of gene expression alterations, providing new insights regarding the pathways and mechanisms involved in physiological and pathological processes. Upon perturbation of cell homeostasis, rapid changes in gene expression are required to adapt to new conditions. Thus, to better understand the regulatory mechanisms associated with gene expression alterations, it is vital to acknowledge the relative contribution of RNA synthesis and decay to the transcriptome. To the toxicology field, the study of gene expression regulation mechanisms can help identify the early and mechanistic relevant cellular events associated with a particular response. This review aims to provide a critical comparison of the available methods used to analyze the contribution of RNA transcription and decay to gene expression dynamics. Notwithstanding, an integration of the data obtained is necessary to understand the entire repercussions of gene transcription changes at a system-level. Thus, a brief overview of the methods available for the integration and analysis of the data obtained from transcriptome analysis will also be provided.

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Bollmann, Stephanie, Dengpan Bu, Jiaqi Wang e Massimo Bionaz. "Unmasking Upstream Gene Expression Regulators with miRNA-corrected mRNA Data". Bioinformatics and Biology Insights 9S4 (gennaio 2015): BBI.S29332. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bbi.s29332.

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Abstract (sommario):

Expressed micro-RNA (miRNA) affects messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance, hindering the accuracy of upstream regulator analysis. Our objective was to provide an algorithm to correct such bias. Large mRNA and miRNA analyses were performed on RNA extracted from bovine liver and mammary tissue. Using four levels of target scores from TargetScan (all miRNA:mRNA target gene pairs or only the top 25%, 50%, or 75%) Using four levels of target scores from TargetScan (all miRNA:mRNA target gene pairs or only the top 25%, 50%, or 75%) and four levels of the magnitude of miRNA effect (ME) on mRNA expression (30%, 50%, 75%, and 83% mRNA reduction), we generated 17 different datasets (including the original dataset). For each dataset, we performed upstream regulator analysis using two bioinformatics tools. We detected an increased effect on the upstream regulator analysis with larger miRNA:mRNA pair bins and higher ME. The miRNA correction allowed identification of several upstream regulators not present in the analysis of the original dataset. Thus, the proposed algorithm improved the prediction of upstream regulators.

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Liu, Xiaoyi, Liying Liu, Maozhi Zhang, Ning Yang, Yukai Qi, Yu Sun e Xianyao Li. "Messenger RNA expression of chicken CLOCK gene in the response to Campylobacter jejuni inoculation". Poultry Science 94, n. 9 (settembre 2015): 2124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev203.

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Iwasa, Atushi, Hiroshi Higuchi e Hiroshi Yoshida. "Age-related changes in messenger RNA expression of rat neuropeptide Y (NPY) precursor gene". Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 49 (1989): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)56455-1.

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Fraser, Melissa M., Patricia M. Watson, Mostafa M. Fraig, Joseph R. Kelley, Peter S. Nelson, Alice M. Boylan, David J. Cole e Dennis K. Watson. "CaSm-Mediated Cellular Transformation Is Associated with Altered Gene Expression and Messenger RNA Stability". Cancer Research 65, n. 14 (15 luglio 2005): 6228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0650.

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Johnston, Sean, Jar-How Lee e Dan S. Ray. "High-level expression of M13 gene II protein from an inducible polycistronic messenger RNA". Gene 34, n. 2-3 (gennaio 1985): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(85)90121-0.

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46

Zhang, Aiguo, Larry Pastor, Quan Nguyen, Yuling Luo, Wen Yang, Michael Flagella, Rajesh Chavli et al. "Small Interfering RNA and Gene Expression Analysis Using a Multiplex Branched DNA Assay without RNA Purification". Journal of Biomolecular Screening 10, n. 6 (settembre 2005): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057105277414.

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Abstract (sommario):

The authors have developed a novel multiplex detection system that quantitatively measures the expression level of 11 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) directly from cell lysates or tissue homogenates without RNA purification. The system incorporates branched DNA (bDNA) technology from Bayer and a multiplex bead array platform from Luminex. In this study, a 21-nt synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA; specifically designed to knockdown interleukin-8 [IL-8] expression) was delivered into HeLa cells. Using the multiplex bDNA assay, gene expression levels were measured simultaneously from cell lysates for 11 genes. After treating the HeLa cells for 20 h with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), IL-8 mRNA levels were induced by almost 50-fold; transfection with 30 nM IL-8-specific siRNA reduced the PMA-induced IL-8 mRNA by 80%. In addition, PMA induced mRNA expression in IL-1α (3-fold) and IL-6 (4-fold); however, the IL-8 siRNA did not affect the expression of either of these 2 cytokine genes, indicating that the siRNA was selective for IL-8 mRNA expression. Three housekeeping genes’ expression levels were measured under all conditions tested. The multiplex bDNA assay provides a powerful tool for quantitative multiplex gene expression analysis directly from cell lysates, which could be extremely valuable for conservation of rare or difficult-to-obtain samples.

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Chapman, Ria M., Caroline L. Tinsley, Matthew J. Hill, Marc P. Forrest, Katherine E. Tansey, Antonio F. Pardiñas, Elliott Rees et al. "Convergent Evidence That ZNF804A Is a Regulator of Pre-messenger RNA Processing and Gene Expression". Schizophrenia Bulletin 45, n. 6 (29 dicembre 2018): 1267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby183.

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Abstract Genome-wide association studies have linked common variation in ZNF804A with an increased risk of schizophrenia. However, little is known about the biology of ZNF804A and its role in schizophrenia. Here, we investigate the function of ZNF804A using a variety of complementary molecular techniques. We show that ZNF804A is a nuclear protein that interacts with neuronal RNA splicing factors and RNA-binding proteins including RBFOX1, which is also associated with schizophrenia, CELF3/4, components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the ZNF804A paralog, GPATCH8. GPATCH8 also interacts with splicing factors and is localized to nuclear speckles indicative of a role in pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) processing. Sequence analysis showed that GPATCH8 contains ultraconserved, alternatively spliced poison exons that are also regulated by RBFOX proteins. ZNF804A knockdown in SH-SY5Y cells resulted in robust changes in gene expression and pre-mRNA splicing converging on pathways associated with nervous system development, synaptic contact, and cell adhesion. We observed enrichment (P = 1.66 × 10–9) for differentially spliced genes in ZNF804A-depleted cells among genes that contain RBFOX-dependent alternatively spliced exons. Differentially spliced genes in ZNF804A-depleted cells were also enriched for genes harboring de novo loss of function mutations in autism spectrum disorder (P = 6.25 × 10–7, enrichment 2.16) and common variant alleles associated with schizophrenia (P = .014), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (P = .003), and autism spectrum disorder (P = .005). These data suggest that ZNF804A and its paralogs may interact with neuronal-splicing factors and RNA-binding proteins to regulate the expression of a subset of synaptic and neurodevelopmental genes.

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Aleyakpo, Benjamin, Oghenetega Umukoro, Ryan Kavlie, Daniel C. Ranson, Andrew Thompsett, Olivia Corcoran e Stefano O. Casalotti. "G-protein αq gene expression plays a role in alcohol tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster". Brain and Neuroscience Advances 3 (gennaio 2019): 239821281988308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212819883081.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ethanol is a psychoactive substance causing both short- and long-term behavioural changes in humans and animal models. We have used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the effect of ethanol exposure on the expression of the Gαq protein subunit. Repetitive exposure to ethanol causes a reduction in sensitivity (tolerance) to ethanol, which we have measured as the time for 50% of a set of flies to become sedated after exposure to ethanol (ST50). We demonstrate that the same treatment that induces an increase in ST50 over consecutive days (tolerance) also causes a decrease in Gαq protein subunit expression at both the messenger RNA and protein level. To identify whether there may be a causal relationship between these two outcomes, we have developed strains of flies in which Gαq messenger RNA expression is suppressed in a time- and tissue-specific manner. In these flies, the sensitivity to ethanol and the development of tolerance are altered. This work further supports the value of Drosophila as a model to dissect the molecular mechanisms of the behavioural response to alcohol and identifies G proteins as potentially important regulatory targets for alcohol use disorders.

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Guan, Guofang, Ranwei Li, Wenfang Tang, Tiecheng Liu, Zhenzhong Su, Yan Wang, Jingjin Tan, Shan Jiang e Ke Wang. "Expression of RNA-binding motif 10 is associated with advanced tumor stage and malignant behaviors of lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells". Tumor Biology 39, n. 3 (marzo 2017): 101042831769174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010428317691740.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study assessed RNA-binding motif 10 expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and examined the role and mechanism of RNA-binding motif 10 in the regulation of lung adenocarcinoma malignancy. Lung adenocarcinoma and corresponding adjacent non-tumor lung tissues from 41 patients were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assessment to detect RNA-binding motif 10 expression. Recombinant lentivirus carrying RNA-binding motif 10 complementary DNA was used to infect lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549 and H1299 cells. Complementary DNA microarray was used to profile RNA-binding motif 10–regulated genes. Levels of RNA-binding motif 10 messenger RNA and protein were significantly lower in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than those in paired non-tumor tissues (p < 0.001). Reduced RNA-binding motif 10 expression was found to be associated with an advanced tumor stage. RNA-binding motif 10 overexpression inhibited viability and colony formation capacity of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and induced cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in A549 cells and at S phase in H1299 cells. Complementary DNA microarray analysis identified 304 upregulated and 386 downregulated genes induced by RNA-binding motif 10 overexpression, which may be involved in cancer, focal adhesion, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor–regulated gene pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, complement and coagulation cascades, platelet amyloid precursor protein pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, and small cell lung cancer–related genes. Expression of FGF2, EGFR, WNT5A, NF-κB, and RAP1A was downregulated, whereas expression of AKT2, BIRC3, and JUN was upregulated. RNA-binding motif 10 messenger RNA and protein were reduced in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and RNA-binding motif 10 overexpression inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell malignant behavior in vitro. Molecularly, RNA-binding motif 10 regulates many gene pathways involving in the tumor development or progression.

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Blum e Moradpour. "Recombinant drugs and gene therapy". Therapeutische Umschau 56, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1999): 730–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.56.12.730.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ausgehend von der Biologie somatischer Zellen mit Transkription der chromosomalen DNA in messenger RNA (mRNA) und deren Translation in Proteine werden die Prinzipien der Gentechnologie illustriert. Die Gentechnologie ermöglicht die Klonierung, Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Genen sowie deren Expression mit Synthese von medizinisch relevanten Proteinen. Die Produkte der Gentechnologie sind somit zum einen klonierte Gene, die für die molekulare Diagnostik und die Gentherapie medizinisch bedeutsam sind. Zum anderen sind es in vitro oder in vivo hergestellte Proteine, die als Diagnostika, Therapeutika und Impfstoffe zunehmend Eingang in die klinische Praxis finden.

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