Tesi: "Genetically modified food"

1

Marushkina, О. "Genetically modified food." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13601.

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2

Khromov, I. "Genetic modified food." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33677.

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Abstract (sommario):

The genetically modified foods controversy is a dispute over the relative advantages and disadvantages of food derived from genetically modified organisms, genetically modified crops used to produce food and other goods, and other uses of genetically modified organisms in food production. The dispute involves consumers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations and scientists. The key areas of controversy related to genetically modified (GM) food are: risk of harm from GM food, whether GM food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the effect of GM crops on the environment, the impact of GM crops for farmers, including farmers in developing countries, the role of GM crops in feeding the growing world population, and GM crops as part of the industrial agriculture system. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33677

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3

Hall, Clare R. "Genetically modified food and crops : perceptions of risks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4719.

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The debate around genetically modified food and crops has proved to be complex and far-reaching, involving diverse stakeholder groups and many issues. Although the extent of global uptake of GM crops has been substantial (23 countries and 114.65 million hectares by 2007), it is significant that four countries are responsible for 86% of all GM plantings, and that a number of key food markets (for example the EU and Japan) remain largely "GM-free‟. This suggests that there is reluctance on the part of many countries to embrace GM technology. There are likely many reasons for this, but one significant issue is that of the perception of the risks associated with the technology. There is a distinction between risk that exists in the world and that can be measured (objective risk) and risk that is perceived by an individual to exist and that is constructed by them based on their values and preferences. When technical measurement of actual risks is not possible, peoples‟ own perceptions of risks become important. This thesis aims to investigate the topic of risk perceptions associated with GM food and crops. Different stakeholder groups have been targeted, and a range of methodologies from a variety of disciplines have been employed to investigate what factors can be shown to influence risk perception. A range of factors were identified from existing literature, as having potential impact on risk perceptions. A number of these were investigated, some of which were found to have some influence on levels of risk perception. Results demonstrate that factors influencing peoples‟ perceptions of risk relating to GM food and crops, include the uncertainty associated with the technology, and trust in regulators, policy makers and others with control over the future development of the technology. Other factors found to be important to levels of risk perception held by different stakeholder groups, were a range of socio-demographic and cultural variables, the relationship between perceived risks and benefits, the equity of impacts, and the influence of third parties. There are a number of implications for the development of the GM debate arising from the findings. First, as there are socio-demographic and cultural factors linked to the perceptions of risk associated with GM technologies in food and agriculture, it is important to recognise that different people will react differently to the technology. Specifically, results from this thesis show that it may be that men, those who are more highly educated, those with a less ecocentric worldview, and those living in urban areas, are likely to respond more favourably to targeted promotional campaigns. As regards the farming community, results show that the first farming adopters are likely to be those who are both owners and tenants, not in an urban fringe location, potato growers, and not barley growers. Second, this thesis provides evidence that third parties are particularly important to farmers, thus it is crucial to recognise that there is potentially a long chain of action and reaction amongst many different stakeholders and actors impacting on farmers' levels of risk perception, and hence willingness to adopt the technology. Third, results from this research demonstrate that the linked issues of the relationship between risks and benefits, and the equity of (positive and negative) impacts, require that all stakeholders are content that they will receive a share of the benefits (if any) to be derived from the technology, and that neither they nor any other group of stakeholders are unduly impacted by the risks or negative impacts (if any) of the technology. Important here is the recognition that perceptions are as important as actual impacts. Fourth, the issue of trust has been shown by the results obtained by this research to be extremely important to peoples' perceptions of risk. It can be concluded that trust is of wider social and political importance that relates to the need to ensure greater democratisation of decision-making in order to re-establish trust in authorities. In the case of GM food this may require a rethinking of the EU legislation relating to the technology. This also relates to point below about the delivery of messages and education. Information sources must be trusted by those at whom the messages are aimed. More importantly though, if people are to trust decision making processes, there needs to be stakeholder involvement at an early stage of decision making, that allows some impact on decisions taken. In the case of the GM debate it may indeed be too late as decisions about the technology, its applications, the regulatory processes and its inclusion within the food chain are well established. Perhaps the best that can be hoped for is that lessons will be learnt and applied to future technology developments of relevance to the food chain, such as, nano-technology. Finally, this thesis has shown that uncertainty is central to peoples' perceptions of risk. This could be addressed through a combination of additional research into what is uncertain to people, the impacts and implications of the technology, more effective dissemination of existing knowledge, and impartially delivered messages and education strategies from trusted sources that address the concerns that people have about the technology. Importantly however there must be an acknowledgement that uncertainty is not restricted to "knowledge deficit‟ but encompasses the scientific uncertainties inherent within the technology, and is framed by the social and cultural values of those whose views are considered. This thesis uniquely targeted diverse groups and employed a combination of different methods from a variety of disciplines. By doing this the study has increased understanding of the views of two groups (campaigners and farmers) who are crucial to the uptake of the technology, and who are seldom researched in the area of attitudes to GM technologies. The diversity of groups, methods and disciplines brought together in this thesis is important because the issue of GM has proved to be complex and far-reaching, and previous discussions of risk perceptions have been complex and disjointed. All groups investigated here are stakeholders in the process, and as such their views and concerns relating to risk perceptions of GM technologies ought to be taken into consideration.

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4

Doubleday, R. V. L. "Political innovation : corporations, controversy and genetically modified food." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444629/.

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Public controversy over genetically modified (GM) foods illustrates the increasing complexity of the governance of technological innovation. In the light of public displays of ambivalence towards biotechnology, corporations are paying greater attention to societal concerns over the innovation of new technologies. This thesis asks how those corporations involved in the development and commercialisation of GM foods have understood and responded to recent public controversy over biotechnology in Europe and North America. Using approaches drawn from geography and science and technology studies, this thesis is concerned with concepts of citizenship and also with corporate identities in the context of technological controversy. This thesis focuses particularly on the ways that corporations have understood the emergence of citizen-like demands to participate in the governance of corporate innovation. The research for this thesis adopts an ethnographic approach to studying corporate engagements in public controversy. It uses the analysis of corporate texts, interviews and participation in meetings at which corporate presentations were made about GM foods. The empirical material for this thesis refers to three corporations: DuPont, Monsanto, Unilever and two agricultural biotechnology public relations groups: the Council for Biotechnology Information in the USA, and the Agricultural Biotechnology Council in the UK. This thesis argues that corporations have innovated new institutional forms of engagement with the public over biotechnology. These engagements have configured the 'socially responsible corporation* and the 'consumer-citizen' as actors in more democratic forms of corporate innovation. This thesis concludes that these new forms of governance are partial, fragile and contested, but that they offer potential avenues for further public debate about the governance of corporate innovation.

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Hu, Rongrong 1970. "Labeling of genetically modified organisms and the producer's negative labeling decision under a voluntary labeling regime." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112638.

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During the past decade, there has been growing public attention and concern over consuming products containing or processed with genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Labeling of the food products derived from the use of GMOs has thereby been a contentious debate across the world. Currently, there are two systems with regard to labeling GMO-based products: mandatory versus voluntary. The purpose of this study was to survey the research on GMOs, its application in agriculture and the surrounding labeling issues. A theoretical model was developed to analyze non-GMO producers' labeling decisions under a voluntary labeling regime, aimed at providing a theoretical perspective for governments that are contemplating the adoption of a voluntary approach to regulate GMO food products. The analysis indicates that the size of labeling costs and consumers' preferences toward non-GMO products are critical factors that will impact on non-GMO producers' labeling decisions.

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Gruere, Guillaume Pierre Adrien. "Labeling policies and international trade of genetically modified food /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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7

Kaye-Blake, William Henry. "Demand for genetically modified food : theory and empirical findings." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Commerce Division, 2006. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20060913.102217.

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As economies develop, novel products are created and markets for these products arise. Genetically modified food (GMF) is an example of such a novel product and provides economists with the opportunity to investigate an infant market. Of particular interest with GMF is the impact of consumer reactions on the market. The response of consumers to GMF and their willingness to pay for it has emerged as an important factor in the development of this technology. This research investigates these consumer responses. Prior research suggests that two aspects of consumer behaviour may be relevant for the GMF market. First, consumers may react differently to different types of GMF, so that some products are potentially more economically viable. Secondly, some consumers appear to prefer not having GMF at all. Consumer behaviour is often framed according to neoclassical economic theory. Consumer preferences over goods and the attributes of those goods are generally held to have certain properties. The aspects of consumers reactions to GMF noted above, however, may be in conflict with two properties of preferences in neoclassical theory. First, preferences over food attributes are not separable, but may interact with each other. Secondly, some consumers may have preferences regarding GMF that are not continuous. As a result, aggregate impacts of introducing GMF may be difficult to measure, which raises a third issue for investigation, aggregation. Finally, an alternative model of consumer behaviour is bounded rationality, which theorises that choices may be discontinuous as a result of specific protocols. It also suggests that consumers seek to make good-enough choices, rather than attempting to maximise their satisfaction. Thus, optimisation or maximisation is the fourth issue considered in this thesis. In order to investigate these properties of consumers preferences, a choice experiment survey was developed. The strength of a choice experiment for examining these issues is its focus on the impact of each product attribute on a respondents choices. Thus, it may be possible to identify potentially discontinuous choice patterns and to identify choices affected by interactions between GM technology and other food attributes. Results from a neoclassical analysis of the survey data suggest that some consumers consider the type of benefit created with GM technology in making their choices. In addition, one-quarter to one-half of respondents may have had discontinuous preferences with respect to GMF. Reactions to GMF appear related to respondents attitudes, but not to socio-economic or demographic descriptors. As a result, aggregate measures of the impact of GMF may not fully account for consumers responses. A boundedly rational model also has reasonable goodness of fit, and may provide a different perspective on consumer behaviour. It is hoped that the results of this research provide a better understanding of consumer behaviour regarding GMF and, by extension, of the process of consumer adoption of novel products. It is further hoped that this attempt to incorporate choice protocols into discrete choice analysis will provide a useful example for further research.

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8

Kaye-Blake, William. "Demand for genetically modified food : theory and empirical findings." Lincoln University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/19.

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Abstract (sommario):

As economies develop, novel products are created and markets for these products arise. Genetically modified food (GMF) is an example of such a novel product and provides economists with the opportunity to investigate an infant market. Of particular interest with GMF is the impact of consumer reactions on the market. The response of consumers to GMF and their willingness to pay for it has emerged as an important factor in the development of this technology. This research investigates these consumer responses. Prior research suggests that two aspects of consumer behaviour may be relevant for the GMF market. First, consumers may react differently to different types of GMF, so that some products are potentially more economically viable. Secondly, some consumers appear to prefer not having GMF at all. Consumer behaviour is often framed according to neoclassical economic theory. Consumer preferences over goods and the attributes of those goods are generally held to have certain properties. The aspects of consumers' reactions to GMF noted above, however, may be in conflict with two properties of preferences in neoclassical theory. First, preferences over food attributes are not separable, but may interact with each other. Secondly, some consumers may have preferences regarding GMF that are not continuous. As a result, aggregate impacts of introducing GMF may be difficult to measure, which raises a third issue for investigation, aggregation. Finally, an alternative model of consumer behaviour is bounded rationality, which theorises that choices may be discontinuous as a result of specific protocols. It also suggests that consumers seek to make good-enough choices, rather than attempting to maximise their satisfaction. Thus, optimisation or maximisation is the fourth issue considered in this thesis. In order to investigate these properties of consumers' preferences, a choice experiment survey was developed. The strength of a choice experiment for examining these issues is its focus on the impact of each product attribute on a respondent's choices. Thus, it may be possible to identify potentially discontinuous choice patterns and to identify choices affected by interactions between GM technology and other food attributes. Results from a neoclassical analysis of the survey data suggest that some consumers consider the type of benefit created with GM technology in making their choices. In addition, one-quarter to one-half of respondents may have had discontinuous preferences with respect to GMF. Reactions to GMF appear related to respondents' attitudes, but not to socio-economic or demographic descriptors. As a result, aggregate measures of the impact of GMF may not fully account for consumers' responses. A boundedly rational model also has reasonable goodness of fit, and may provide a different perspective on consumer behaviour. It is hoped that the results of this research provide a better understanding of consumer behaviour regarding GMF and, by extension, of the process of consumer adoption of novel products. It is further hoped that this attempt to incorporate choice protocols into discrete choice analysis will provide a useful example for further research.

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9

Cuellar, Jose. "Mexican consumer preferences for biotechnology and retail food outlets." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2004/J%5FCuellar%5F121704.pdf.

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10

Gao, Rong, and 高溶. "A systematic review of the use of genetically modified food in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193785.

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Introduction: The Genetically Modified (GM) food, which is one of the fruit of the modern biotechnology, is closely related to people's lives. GM food, specifically, GM crops, also known as biotech food, are produced from genetically modified organisms (GMO), which use genetic engineering techniques to introduce, recombine and modify DNA. The safety of GM food still do not have final conclusion at present. Although GM food has been introduced into China for over 15 years, many of the surveys show that Chinese consumers‘ knowledge of GM food is relatively low comparing with other countries. In 2002, China‘s Ministry of Agriculture promulgated three regulations to manage the GMOs in China. The attitudes and acceptance of market for GM food have direct impact on the development of genetic engineering technique and government‘s policy making. This review aims to investigate cognition and attitudes of GM food among Chinese consumers; to investigate how the consumers react to the GM food labeling policy; to find out how factors such as knowledge about transgenic information, price of GM food would affect the consumption of GM food. Methods: Relevant studies published between January 2002 and May 2013 were searched and identified through NCBI, CNKI, and Google Scholar with a combination of keywords, such as “GM”, “China”, “attitude”, “knowledge”, and “willingness” both in English and Chinese. Studies regarding the average knowledge level, acceptance and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for GM food among Chinese consumers, and factors affecting the WTP were included. Results: Of 1032 papers identified, 9 articles fulfilling the selection criteria were included in this systematic review. Among the 9 articles, 7 were written in English, 2 in Chinese. Awareness and knowledge of GM food among Chinese consumers were still not satisfying. Given the potential risks, the public tended to hold divergent attitudes to GM food, which had significantly influenced the WTP. Socio-economic factors such as the number of children, and external factors such as information and price also affected the WTP. Among all the factors, positive attitudes (including willingness-to-accept WTA), and positive information about GM food have significant positive influence on the WTP of GM food, while consumer‘s number of children, price of GM food and negative information about GM food would reduce the purchase intention. Discussion: Positive attitudes (including willingness-to-accept WTA), and positive information have significant positive influence on the WTP of GM food, while increasing number of children and price of GM food and negative information would reduce the purchase intention. It is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive and objective propaganda of GM food and transgenic technology; enhance the management of GM food; plan and develop GM food industry with focus on low-income consumers for they are more willing to buy GM food. published_or_final_version Public Health Master Master of Public Health

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Costa, Font Monserrat. "Consumer Acceptance, Choice and Attitudes towards Genetically Modified (GM) Food." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7059.

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La introducció de noves tecnologies en l'àmbit agroalimentari ha revolucionat la eficiència pel que fa al sector productiu, si bé també ha tingut efectes rellevants pel que fa a la demanda, que cal analitzar amb profunditat. Aquest és el cas dels productes modificats genèticament, que solen ser productes de consum habitual, per la qual cosa han creat una important polèmica. Hi ha diferents agents del mercat que participen en aquest debat, com és el cas dels productors, els quals en poden obtenir benefici pel que fa a millores en eficiència i reducció de costos. Tanmateix, és essencial tenir en compte l'opinió dels consumidors alhora d'analitzar els límits comercials de les noves tecnologies. Per a conèixer l'opinió dels consumidors cal entendre el seu procés d'elecció i de valoració dels productes agroalimentaris, com també el seu comportament a l'hora de prendre decisions en el mercat alimentari. Aquesta tesis comença amb una extensa revisió bibliogràfica en relació a les actituds dels consumidors vers els productes modificats genèticament. Seguidament s'analitza la intenció de compra dels consumidors utilitzant experiments d'elecció. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi s'ha assolit amb els subsegüents capítols on s'han analitzat els diferents elements cognitius que porten a l'individu a la intenció final de compra. La metodologia emprada ha estat principalment equacions estructurals i experiments d'elecció. S'han emprat diferents bases de dades per a poder contrastar totes les hipòtesis plantejades en l'estudi. La principal contribució d'aquesta tesi ha estat determinar quins son els elements que cal considerar per entendre el procés de decisió del consumidors vers els aliments modificats genèticament, com també determinar que existeix un clar escepticisme en la societat pel que fa a aquests productes. Les conclusions d'aquesta tesi posen en manifest la necessitat de una millor estratègia de comunicació que permeti als consumidors una percepció de millor i major qualitat d'informació en relació a aquests productes. The introduction of new technologies in food production not only has revolutioned its productive efficiency but has exerted important demand side effects that cannot be dismissed and require careful analysis. This is especially the case of genetically modified (GM) food, typical daily consumed products (e.g. GM milk, tomato, maize, etc) given its considerable interest and worldwide public controversy. Several stakeholders are place, on the one hand, farmers and manufactures perceive potential benefits from efficiency improvements as well as costs, mainly resulting from the need to reimburse intellectual property rights for new foods. From a demand side, GM food brings new products in the food chain and ultimately fulfils to an extent a latent consumer's preference for diversity. Hence, in order to determine the limits of technology dissemination and transfer it becomes a key issue to examine and disentangle which demand side factors stand behind technology acceptance. This calls for a better understanding of consumer choice, its valuation and the behavioural decision making process. The valuation of a new technology good implies the provision of information from several sources - public and private, formal and informal, etc - while conditioning on the credibility and trustworthiness of each relevant information source. Given the information available, a further issue concerns attitude expression and formation, which ultimately leads to the final question regarding product valuation and consumer preference. Interestingly, attitude formation for the case of new food generations is found to be explained by a combination of risk and benefit perceptions, based on different elements such as a general attitude towards science, knowledge, trust, education and values, among others. This thesis begins with an extensive review of the literature on attitudes towards GM agro-food products- chapter 2- by means of a literature review. Next it conducts a study on consumers' final intentions towards agro - food products, entailing the application of choice experiments - chapter 3. moreover, the main core of this dissertation is aiming at examining what gives rise to the final choice (chapters 4 to 6). The methodologically employed relies on structural equation modelling, although in each chapter different databases have been used. The relative strengths of each database allow us taking into account the information required to test specific hypotheses. Finally, some conclusions are drawn in chapter 7 which summarises the main findings of each chapter and put them in context of the main discussion questions examined in this thesis. The main contribution of this thesis has been to point out a set of features that condition choice, intentions and revealed purchase intentions regarding GM food. Our wok is innovative in that: 1) it contains an innovative literature review; 2) develops choice modelling of scenarios that includes, apart from methodological features, the choice between GM processed and organic food; and 3) unlike most of behavioural analysis it exploits using structural equation modelling, several theoretical structures that explain decision making and, particularly, the role of broader attitudes towards science and technology in influencing purchase intentions alongside the effect of both risks attitudes and risk perceptions in determining consumer acceptance. The sequence and findings of the thesis can be summarized as follows: drawing from an exhaustive review of published finding regarding public intentions towards GM food we conclude that there is consumer's scepticism explaining a negative valuation towards GM food. However, the most important outcome has been to find that final purchasing intention is the result of a complex decision process which only has been partially explained in the literature. Therefore, upon the definition of a general theoretical model this thesis has tried to explain in the different chapters some specific issues of such model as well as to validate it in a croos - country exercise in the last chapter. Results from this study rises a key policy implication: the need of a well defined communication stralegy to provide information in such a way that allows individuals to feel adequately informed.

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Karampaxoglou, Thaleia. "Genetically Modified Food and Crops : Risks and Intellectual Property Rights." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Centrum för tillämpad etik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119766.

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This paper attempts to present and analyze problems that may arise from the use of Genetically Modified (GM) products and issues raised by the Intellectual Property (IP) rights that Genetic Engineering (GE) companies have on their products. Arguments in favor and against the existence of health risks and environmental risks of GM products are presented. The European policy of the socioeconomic effects of the GM products is discussed and is proposed the application of the precautionary principle for the prevention of unintended consequences from the GM products to other than health and environmental domains. The need of IP rights is supported, but is also suggested an IP rights flexibility. Do IP rights violate the rights of all people to a nourishing life, natural resources, the right to decide about what they eat and the right to live in a viable ecosystem? Finally, I provide an analysis of the effects on the farmers due to the IP rights on GM crop for cultivation and state dependency issues that may occur.

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McDonald, Anne-Lise Nadia Marina. "An evaluation of attitudes and behaviours towards food-related risks." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390638.

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14

Dean, Moira S. "Contested innovation : influence of conflict on perceptions of genetically modified food." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842820/.

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Influencing people's perceptions through information has been the focus of much theory and research since the 1950's. Researchers have concentrated solely on messages from single sources. However, the public often receive information through the media mainly in the style of contestations, that is, information that is disputed or about which there is disagreement. In order to design effective persuasive communications there is a need to understand the mechanisms involved in changing perceptions when information is contested. In light of these issues four studies are reported that investigate changes in perceptions induced by contestations in different contexts related to the innovation of genetically modified (GM) food. The first study explores the representations held by mothers of weaning babies and by undergraduate students, for whom the issues relating to GM food are important. Using the results as a baseline, the other studies investigate the changes in students' perceptions relating to the technology and the sources involved in conflict. Based on Hovland's research on the influence of source and message characteristics (Hovland, Lumsdaine, & Sheffield, 1949), Moscovici's dual process theory of influence (Moscovici & Lage, 1976) and trust in the risk perception literature (Slovic, 1993; Renn & Levine, 1991), the studies examine the effects of credibility of the contesting experts, the numbers involved in contestations, the effect of citing academic reasons, uncertainty related to the research and vested interest of the experts as reasons for rejecting the innovation. The results indicate that, when experts provide conflicting information, their influence and the way they are perceived varies in relation to the credibility of the experts, the number of experts involved in the conflict, their perceived role in society and the nature of any associated uncertainty. The function served by trust in risk perception is illustrated in these studies. The implications of this research for the design of effective communication by government agencies, industry, non-governmental organisations and pressure groups are discussed. The advantages of extending Hovland's theory into the realm of group interactions are noted.

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Poortinga, Wouter. "Public perceptions and trust in the regulation of genetically modified food." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410080.

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16

Reynolds, Laurence. "The production, governance and contestation of genetically modified food and crops." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528859.

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17

モニカ, ラコヴィタ, and Monica Racovita. "Policies of genetically modified crops in India: food security and biosafety politics." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12252585/?lang=0, 2011. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12252585/?lang=0.

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18

Bordoni, R. "Microarray technology for multiplex detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/33624.

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Microarray technology for multiplex detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food. In this PhD thesis we verified the feasibility of coupling multiplex PCR with LDR/universal array technology to the simultaneous detection of five different GMOs (RR soybean, MON810, Bt176, Bt11 and GA21 maize) and two endogenous genes (lectin and zein genes), after their multiplexed amplification. The results obtained in different experiments demonstrate the high molecular specificity of LDR probes and the possibility to apply this type of approach to complex samples. Although LDR/universal array approach is purely qualitative, it allows the screening for the presence of GMOs with a detection limit well below the European regulations requirements. Furthermore the successful amplification of processed foods, such as biscuits, and their detection with the LDR/universal array platform increases the robustness of the method proposed that can be considered a fast and reliable way of screening GMOs in raw material as well as in foodstuffs if combined with a proper DNA extraction method. Finally, we demonstrated that LDR/universal array platform can be considered an appropriate tool for parallel analysis of several samples increasing throughput.

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19

Scholderer, Joachim. "Consumer attitudes towards genetically modified foods in Europe : structure and changeability." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/624/.

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Genetically modified foods have been at the center of debate in European consumer policy in the last two decades. Although the quasi-moratorium has been lifted in May 2004 and the road to the market is in principle reopened, strategies for product introduction are lacking. The aim of the research is to assess potential barriers in the area of consumer acceptance and suggest ways in which they can be overcome. After a short history of the genetically modified foods debate in Europe, the existing literature is reviewed. Although previous research converges in its central results, issues that are more fundamental have remained unresolved. Based on classical approaches in attitude research and modern theories of social cognition, a general model of the structure, function and dynamics of whole systems of attitudes is developed. The predictions of the model are empirically tested based on an attitude survey (N = 2000) and two attitude change experiments (N = 1400 and N = 750). All three studies were conducted in parallel in four EU member states. The results show that consumer attitudes towards genetically modified foods are embedded into a structured system of general socio-political attitudes. The system operates as a schema through which consumers form global evaluations of the technology. Specific risk and benefit judgments are mere epiphenomena of this process. Risk-benefit trade-offs, as often presupposed in the literature, do not appear to enter the process. The attitudes have a value-expressive function; their purpose is not just a temporary reduction of complexity. These properties render the system utterly resistant to communicative interventions. At the same time, it exerts stong anchoring effects on the processing of new information. Communication of benefit arguments can trigger boomerang effects and backfire on the credibility of the communicator when the arguments contrast with preexisting attitudes held by the consumer. Only direct sensory experience with high-quality products can partially bypass the system and lead to the formation of alternative attitude structures. Therefore, the recommended market introduction strategy for genetically modified foods is the simultaneous and coordinated launch of many high-quality products. Point of sale promotions should be the central instrument. Information campaigns, on the other hand, are not likely to have an effect on the product and technology acceptance of European consumers. Gentechnisch veränderte Lebensmittel haben sich im Lauf der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte zu einem Symbol verbraucherpolitischer Auseinandersetzungen in Europa entwickelt. Mit der Aufhebung des Quasi-Moratoriums im Mai 2004 ist der Weg zum Markt zwar prinzipiell freigeschaltet, Strategien der Produkteinführung fehlen jedoch. Ziel der Arbeit ist, potenzielle Hindernisse im Bereich der Verbraucherakzeptanz auszuloten und Wege aufzuzeigen, wie Vorurteile gegenüber diesen Produkten abgebaut werden könnten. Nach einem historischen Abriss der Gentechnikdebatte in Europa wird zunächst die existierende Literatur zur Verbraucherakzeptanz diskutiert. Obwohl die bisherige Forschung in ihren Ergebnissen konvergiert, sind grundsätzlichere Fragen weitgehend ungelöst geblieben. Auf der Grundlage klassischer Ansätze der Einstellungsforschung und moderner Theorien sozialer Kognition wird daher ein allgemeines Modell der Struktur, Funktion und Dynamik ganzer Einstellungssysteme entworfen. Die Vorhersagen des Modells werden anhand einer Einstellungsbefragung (N = 2000) und zweier Einstellungsänderungsexperimente (N = 1400 und N = 750) empirisch überprüft. Alle drei Studien wurden parallel in vier EU-Mitgliedsstaaten durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Verbrauchereinstellungen zu gentechnisch veränderten Lebensmitteln in ein strukturiertes System allgemeiner soziopolitischer Einstellungen eingebettet sind. Das System fungiert als Schema, anhand dessen eine globale Bewertung der Gentechnik vorgenommen wird. Spezifische Nutzen- und Risikourteile sind lediglich Epiphänomene dieses Prozesses. Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägungen, wie sie in der Literatur oft unterstellt werden, finden dabei offenbar nicht statt. Die Einstellungen haben eine wertexpressive Funktion, dienen also nicht nur der vordergründigen Reduktion von Komplexität. Diese Eigenschaften machen das System ausgesprochen resistent gegenüber Versuchen der kommunikativen Beeinflussung. Gleichzeitig übt es eine starke Ankerwirkung auf die Verarbeitung neuer Informationen aus. Kommunikation von Nutzenargumenten zu gentechnisch veränderten Lebensmitteln kann zu Bumerangeffekten auf die Glaubwürdigkeit eines Kommunikators führen, wenn die Argumente den Voreinstellungen der Verbraucher widersprechen. Lediglich direkte sensorische Erfahrung mit qualitativ hochwertigen Produkten kann zu einer teilweisen Entkoppelung des Systems und damit zum Aufbau alternativer Einstellungsstrukturen führen. Als optimale Markteinführungsstrategie für gentechnisch veränderte Lebensmittel wird daher die gleichzeitige und koordinierte Einführung vieler hochwertiger Einzelprodukte empfohlen. Zentrales Instrument sollten Aktionen am Point of Sale sein. Vorbereitende Informationskampagnen werden dagegen voraussichtlich keine Wirkungen auf die Produkt- and Technikakzeptanz europäischer Verbraucher haben.

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Lyness, C. Amanda. "The stability of genetically-modified yeasts in relation to beer of good and consistent quality." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1356.

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Lewis, Rebecca Mardi. "Perceptions of and attitudes to genetically modified food in relation to other food processing methods and technologies /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09HS/09hsl6731.pdf.

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Diaz, Carcamo Ricardo I. "Consumers acceptance of genetically modified food products in Chile and economic implications of invaisve [i.e. invasive] species in international trade." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/r%5Fdiaz-carcamo%5F050305.pdf.

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23

Shirai, Tomoko. "The WTO and the mandatory labeling of generically modified foods /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81235.

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The manipulation of nature using modern biotechnology has resulted in the creation of Genetically Modified (GM) foods. There are states already enacting laws requiring the mandatory labeling of GM foods so that consumers can make informed choices as to what food to eat. However, on the flip side, the mandatory labeling of GM foods can also constitute non-tariff barriers as it can impose burdens on states that export GM foods. How should these two interests be balanced? This thesis takes the ambitious challenge of exploring whether the mandatory labeling of GM foods enacted under the government's protection of the consumers' right to information regarding what food to consume is consistent with the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework, particularly the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (MT Agreement). This thesis holds the view that the WTO, an international organization established to promote trade liberalization, can incorporate protection of consumers' interests by including it within to the interpretation of "legitimate objective" contained in Article 2.2 of the TBT Agreement. Rather, the heart of problem lies in the threshold setting of exempting mandatory labeling. In particular, the dispersed threshold should be adjusted hi order to solve this issue, this thesis contends that both the TBT Committee and the dispute settlement system should be utilized.

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Magnusson, Maria. "Consumer Perception of Organic and Genetically Modified Foods : Health and Environmental Considerations." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis :, 2004. http://publications.uu.se/theses/abstract.xsql?dbid=4218.

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Moore, Elizabeth Louise. "Science, internationalization, and policy networks, regulating genetically-engineered food crops in Canada and the United States, 1973-1998." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ53851.pdf.

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Newcomb, Ellyn Margaret. "Effects of GM Disclosure Statements on Consumer Perceptions of Selected Food Products in Survey and Sensory Panel Settings." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6699.

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The National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard (PL 114-216) will require nearly all foods sold in the U.S. to bear a statement disclosing whether they contain genetically modified (GM) material. Past studies suggest the presence of such a statement could have profound effects on consumers; however, research comparing consumer response towards different GM-disclosure statements is scarce. PL 114-216 states that GM foods shall not be considered more or less safe than their non-bioengineered counterparts, nevertheless it would benefit regulators and food manufacturers to be aware of the possible effects such disclosures might have on consumers. In a nationwide survey, multiple disclosure statements with varying degrees of public familiarity were compared to evaluate consumer perceptions and attitudes associated with each statement. Average consumer knowledge level of GM processes was also measured. The statements were then paired with actual food items to determine whether specific product categories influenced consumer responses. A select few of these statements and foods were included in a taste panel, allowing researchers to analyze if disclosure statements affected a consumer's sensorial experience. Results suggested that consumers were most favorable towards statements indicating the absence of GM-material, however they also responded less negatively towards new disclosure statements that do not have negative connotations. Additionally, consumers may react differently depending on the food accompanying a particular disclosure, although the taste panel data found no evidence that statements affected actual eating experience. Importantly, data from both surveys and taste panel suggested a disclosure statement may affect consumer willingness to buy a product.

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De, Beer Taryn Lynne. "Stakeholder involvement in the development of genetically modified (GM) food labelling policy in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19959.

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Like many other countries worldwide, South Africa has come under public pressure to introduce mandatory GM labelling. Although there is an increased understanding about the social and political implications of GM labelling in developed countries, there is still a research gap with regard to implications for developing countries. South Africa, as a country that consumes, produces and trades GM food, represents a fitting case study to investigate these dimensions in the context of a developing economy. There has been very little understanding about how the mandatory labelling law for GM food developed in South Africa. This study, thus, aims to analyse how this policy developed and has been implemented in South Africa, in order to draw wider conclusions about GM food labelling in developing countries. This has been achieved through review of the relevant literature, in-depth interviews with 27 stakeholders from industry, government, NGOs and the academic and scientific community, and document analysis. A stakeholder analysis approach was used for framing and informing the research findings of this study. This framework provided a stakeholder perspective through which to examine the policy development process of mandatory GM labelling. Findings from this research project reveal that the policy governing the mandatory labelling of GM foods in South Africa was developed and shaped by many significant events and decisions. However, the law evolved within a context of conflict from a diversity of stakeholders. Stakeholders, who participated in and contributed towards the process, had their own degree of "interest and power", which influenced and impacted on the GM labelling policy-making and the implementation processes. Research revealed that there were important issues that emerged during the policy development and implementation phases. These included: the effectiveness of stakeholder participation; the use of a "may contain" label; the percentage of the threshold level; and labelling costs. The stakeholders' viewpoints on each of these issues differed among different groups.

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D'Angelo, Jeremy Martin. "Identifying factors of millennial publics risk information seeking and processing strategies of genetically modified food." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36256.

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Master of Science - Agricultural Education and Communication Department of Communications and Agricultural Education Jason D. Ellis Genetically modified crops have been beneficial to farmers in terms of saved time, money, and energy while increasing yields and often times reducing pesticide dependency. These benefits outweigh the increased costs, allowing genetically modified crops to become one of the fastest adopted farm technologies in history. Despite overwhelming approval of genetically modified crops among farmers, consumers have been hesitant to consume genetically modified food. Consumers see genetically modified food as a risk without immediate reward. Millennial consumers are a powerful population segment that rivals or overtakes other population segments in terms of size, influence, and purchasing abilities. Yet, they are often lumped into one homogenous group by marketers when they are a diverse group comprised of unique segments. The purpose of this study was to better understand how millennial consumers find and process risk information about genetically modified food so that agricultural communicators can better strategize communication efforts. Applying the Situational Theory of Publics and the Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model, this study went one step further by differentiating between Supportive and Non-supportive publics. The research objectives of this study are as follows: 1) Identify the individual characteristics of both Supportive and Non-supportive millennial publics of genetically modified food; 2) Examine relevant channel beliefs of Supportive and Non-supportive millennial publics of genetically modified food; 3) Identify and describe the information gap of Supportive and Non-supportive millennial publics of genetically modified food; 4) Define the perceived information gathering capacity of Supportive and Non-supportive millennial publics of genetically modified food; and 5) Characterize the information seeking and processing behavior of Supportive and Non-supportive millennial publics of genetically modified food. An Internet survey was distributed to individuals between the ages of 18 and 36 within the United States. The majority of Non-supportive publics had a high level of issue involvement and the majority of Supportive publics had a low level of issue involvement. Meaning, the majority of Non-supportive publics are more active about the issue than Supportive publics. Age was found to be correlated with systematic processing and information avoidance with older millennials more likely to systematically process information and less likely to avoid information. Additionally, this study found that regardless of knowledge level, wealthier individuals who do not support genetically modified food are more likely to be actively involved in the issue and wealthier individuals who support the technology are more likely to be passive about the issue. The majority of millennial publics in all eight groups reported a knowledge deficit to some degree. The research also found that heuristic processing was negatively correlated to systematic processing and higher levels of information avoidance were negatively correlated with lower levels of active information seeking. Non-supportive Active publics (high issue involvement/high knowledge) were found to have the highest mean active information seeking and systematic processing scores and lowest mean heuristic processing and information avoidance scores; supporting past findings that knowledge does not always equate to support and that communication practitioners may have trouble changing the opinion of a large portion of Non-supportive publics.

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Nader, Richard Harrison. "Cultural impacts on public perceptions of agricultural biotechnology: comparison between South Korea and the United States." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4976.

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According to Millar (1996), the gulf between science and society is growing. Technologies are tools cultures develop to solve society's problems. The rapid dispersion of science and technology across cultural borders through trade, technology transfer and exchange, increasingly requires people in different cultures to make choices about accepting or rejecting artifacts of science and technology such as genetically modified (GM) foods, which originate primarily from the United States. These issues challenge policy makers and scientists to account for the affects of different cultural perspectives on controversial scientific issues. Given the controversy across cultures over acceptance or rejection of genetically modified (GM) foods, GM foods are an excellent example with which to begin to reveal how culture impacts public perceptions of the risk and benefits of science and technology in different societies. This research will: 1. Define public awareness and understanding of science, specifically GM foods; 2. Examine culture's impact on knowledge, including different cultural approaches to research; and 3. Compare recent findings of a bi-national public opinion survey on GM comparing in South Korea and the United States. The proposed research outlines two research questions: 1) How and in what ways do South Koreans and Americans differ in their opinions about GMOs? This question is important for gathering current points of contrast about how the two cultures may differ; and 2) What role does culture play on opinion formation about GM foods? Through grounded theory, the researcher will investigate how cultural differences help explain opinion on public perceptions of GM foods. Is it possible to identify common cultural factors that impact public perceptions of GM foods between South Koreans and Americans? The study will utilize both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Higher education is a major producer of new science and technology. The study is significant for higher education administrators who must understand cultural factors impacting science internationally and globalization of the academic enterprise.

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Kaneko, Naoya. "Three essays on economic valuation of consumer preferences on genetically modified foods." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127328876.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 168 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-168). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Epp, Astrid. "Law in conflict: the regulation of genetically modified food in Germany and in the United States." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973556633.

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Tamošiūnaitė, Šarūnė. "KTU cheminės technologijos fakulteto studentų žinių ir požiūrio apie genetiškai modifikuotą maistą ir jo ženklinimą tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080619_145307-29192.

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Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti KTU Cheminės technologijos fakulteto studentų žinias ir požiūrį apie genetiškai modifikuotą maistą, jo ženklinimą. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti KTU Cheminės technologijos fakulteto studentų informavimo šaltinius apie genetiškai modifikuotą maistą ir jo ženklinimą. 2. Ištirti KTU Cheminės technologijos fakulteto studentų žinias ir požiūrį apie genetiškai modifikuotą maistą ir jo ženklinimą. 3. Parengti rekomendacijas siekiant pagerinti genetiškai modifikuoto maisto ir jo ženklinimo informuotumą. Tyrimo metodika: Tyrimo objektas: Žinios ir požiūris apie genetiškai modifikuotą maistą ir jo ženklinimą. Tyrimo metodai: Mokslinės literatūros analizė, teisinių dokumentų analizė, anketinė apklausa. Tyrimo metu buvo išplatinta 120, atsako dažnis - 80,83 proc. Statistinės analizės metodai: Apklausos rezultatai buvo analizuojami naudojant Microsoft office Excel 2007 ir kompiuterinį SPSS 13.0 versijos statistinį duomenų analizės paketą. Statistinis duomenų reikšmingumas buvo tikrinamas pagal chi kvadrato kriterijų ir laisvės laipsnių skaičių. Požymius analizuojant kito rodiklio atžvilgiu skirtumai laikyti statistiškai reikšmingais, kai reikšmingumo lygmuo p<0,05. Rezultatai: Dauguma respondentų dažniausiai gauna informaciją apie genetiškai modifikuotą maistą ir jo ženklinimą internete (15,5 proc. moterų ir 11,3 proc. vyrų), 30,9 proc. moterų ir 35,1 proc. vyrų žino šiek tiek, tačiau norėtų būti daugiau informuojamas,-a. Didžioji dalis apklaustųjų mano, jog... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] Aim of study: to evaluate student‘s knowledge and attitude to genetically modified food and its labeling in KTU faculty of chemical technology. Objectives: 1. To survey the repositories of genetically modified food and his labeling. 2. To survey the knowledge and attitude to genetically modified food and its labeling. 3. To prepare recomendations to increase privity of genetically modified food and its labeling. Methods: Object of the research - knowledge and attitude to genetically modified food and its labeling. The questionnaire was compiled after making an analysis of the latest Lithuanian and foreign scientific literature and legislation. There were totally 120 students of KTU faculty of chemical tecnology interviewed using the anonymous questionnaire (response rate 80,83 percentage). Data analysis was performed using the statistical data analysis package SPSS (version 13.00) (the chi-squared test, df) and Microsoft office Excel 2007. Differences between the indices were considered statistically significant for p-values less than 0.05. Results: The most of respondents get information about genetically modified food and its labeling commonly in internet (15.5 percentage women and 11.3 percentage men), 30.9 percentage women and 35.1 men know a little bit, but they want to get more information. In addition to this, respondents think, that genetically modified food is harmful (33.7 percentage women and 32.3 percentage men) because of lack information about its safety (33.6... [to full text]

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Adeniyi, Oluwafunmilola Foluke. "Access to safe food in South Africa as a human rights imperative." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4930.

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Magister Legum - LLM The aim of this study is to examine laws and policies relating to food safety in South Africa, specifically with regard to labelling requirements in the food industry. It is hoped that this research will serve as a pointer for policy and legislative reforms in a bid to identify weak areas as well as encourage accountability and strengthen government’s response to the realisation of the right to safe food as a human right imperative. National Research Foundation (NRF)

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Howarth, Anita. "Discursive intersections of newspapers and policy elites : a case study of genetically modified food in Britain, 1996-2000." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/388/.

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This thesis explores the under-researched terrain of policy elite-newspaper engagements and in so doing makes a substantive contribution in formulating an original conceptual framework for understanding how the interactional dynamics of the political-media complex work. This framework is then applied to the GM food row in Britain by asking how contestation emerged, was sustained then subsided in the political-media complex. This reconstructs the processes by which the pro-GM government consensus was challenged by newspapers, conflict escalated to fever pitch, threatening policy elite agenda and was finally negotiated through key compromises. Drawing on a theoretical framework that combines participatory politics, the political-media complex and new risks, the thesis conceptualises interactional dynamics as ‘discursive intersections’. These are shifts in claims and counter-claims that emerge during engagement at the interface of different sets of knowledge, cultures and agenda in the political-media complex. However there is an element of unpredictability in discursive intersections that arises from the paradoxical interdependence-independence of the relationship in the political-media complex; the elective and episodic nature of engagement on particular issues; and the variable form this may take with potential for conflict, negotiation or consensus. Historical and wider argumentative contexts are crucial to how and what form engagement takes place but do not define it. Thus, the trajectory of discursive intersections needs to be explored empirically rather than predetermined theoretically. This is done using a hybrid methodology that draws attention to the dialogical, persuasive nature of discursive intersections. The substantive contribution of the research is the formulating of this alternative framework for the analysis of interactional dynamics and its application to the GM food row in Britain. It does this by exploring how – that is the process in which - engagement emerged, escalated into contestation, was negotiated and then subsided. What emerged were the following findings. (1) Parallel, sustained and conflictual systems of argumentation about risk were developed between media and political elites despite elite consensus, abstract debates and short news cycles. (2) Newspaper contestation was constructed around a deeply ambivalent suspended certainty based on claims that there was no evidence of risk or benefit, harm or safety and demands for elite responsiveness to acute public anxiety over this.

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Quaife, Peter. "Linkages between ecocentric values and action in expert discourse: the case of genetically modified food in the UK." Thesis, Aston University, 1999. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10728/.

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Attitudes towards the environment can be manifest in two broad categories, namely anthropocentric and ecocentric. The former regards nature as of value only insofar as it is useful to humanity, whereas the latter assigns intrinsic value to natural entities. Industrial society can be characterised as being dominated by anthropocentrism, which leads to the assumption that a majority of people hold anthropocentric values. However, research shows the most widely held values are ecocentric, which implies that many people's actions are at variance with their values. Furthermore, policy relating to environmental issues is predominantly anthropocentric, which implies it is failing to take account of the values of the majority. Research among experts involved in policy formulation has shown that their values, often ecocentric, are excluded from the policy process. The genetic modification of food can be categorised as anthropocentric, which implies that the technique is in conflict with widely held ecocentric values. This thesis examines data collected from interviews with individuals who have an influence on the debate surrounding the introduction of genetically modified foods, and can be considered 'experts'. Each interviewee is categorised according to whether their values and actions are ecocentric or anthropocentric, and the linkages between the two and the arguments used to justify their positions are explored. Particular emphasis is placed on interviewees who have ecocentric values but act professionally in an anthropocentric way. Finally, common themes are drawn out, and the features the arguments used by the interviewees have in common are outlined.

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McManigal, Barney. "Controlling controversial science : biotechnology policy in Britain and the United States (1984-2004)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eda8d57b-66dc-4cd6-8ad4-d863ae43e8ed.

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This thesis addresses the puzzle of variation in first-generation regulatory policies for controversial science and technology, as demonstrated in the cases of agricultural genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and human embryonic stem cell research in the United Kingdom and the United States. Why did policy outcomes vary in each technology case? This study answers this question by placing greater emphasis on institutional factors. Although works within institutional analysis, bureaucracy and regulation literatures make significant progress in revealing how existing institutions can shape outcomes, how far one can characterize bureaucratic behavior and whether interest groups capture regulation, they nevertheless create an opening for research that: describes a mechanism for path dependence to explain variation in policies; shows the degree to which bureaucratic behaviors can influence outcomes; and, highlights instances in which regulatory officials hold power. This thesis makes an original contribution by providing new historical details relating to these cases, and by providing an extensive elaboration of Pierson’s criteria for increasing returns and a so-called secondary test of path dependence to explain outcomes. The study recounts the biography of key policy documents in each case by tracing the process of decision-making through government and archival sources, secondary literature and more than 40 elite interviews. In doing so, it details the activities of key governmental bodies within the European Union, UK and US. Moreover, it shows how the Coordinated Framework (1986) and Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 framework represented decision-making structures which triggered changes in actors and interests and shaped permissive outcomes for GMOs and stem cell research in the US and UK, respectively. Furthermore, lack of comparable structures may help account for restrictive policies for GMOs in Europe and the UK, and for stem cell research in the US.

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Berhaupt, Amanda. "The Perceptions, Attitudes and Practices of Registered Dietitians Regarding Functional Foods." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/156.

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The term “functional food” (FF) has a variety of definitions resulting in term ambiguity. It is unclear Registered Dietitians’ (RDs) understanding and practices about FF. A descriptive, cross-sectional study investigated RDs’ perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding FF. A national random sample (n=1800) of RDs was mailed a FF questionnaire, 385 (22%) responded. Given five definitions from food-nutrition authorities, the majority of RDs did not agree on a definition, although three-fourths (n=292, 75.8%) perceived fortified foods as FF. Registered Dietitians agreed FF could improve health (n=266, 69.1%), prevent disease (n=282, 73.2%) and treat clientele (n=246, 63.9%), however were neutral (41.6%) or disagreed (37.7%) FF were herbs, or equivalent to medicine (32.7%, 49.2% respectively). Most RDs (n=290, 75.9%) ate FF; fewer (n=231, 61.4%) professionally recommended them. Nearly all (n=353) indicated interest in learning about FF. Registered Dietitians revealed inconsistencies between their perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding FF. Professional education is needed to resolve discrepancies regarding FF.

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Burchardi, Jan-Erik. "Die Vereinbarkeit der europäischen Vorschriften zur Kennzeichnung gentechnisch veränderter Lebensmittel mit dem Welthandelsrecht /." Berlin : Duncker und Humblot, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015744372&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Parkinson, Anne. "The Lost Stakeholder: A Case Study of Risk and Trust Perceptions Held by Canola Farmers in NSW and the Implications for Policy Making in the Area of Biotechnology, Environment and Agriculture." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365501.

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The endeavour to ‘redesign’ life at the molecular level has been widely characterised as controversial. Subsequently, agricultural biotechnology has rarely been out of the news in Australia and elsewhere throughout the last few decades during its development. Proponents are certain of the benefits, while critics are equally certain of the costs or hazards. Such polarisation is especially intense with regard to the introduction of genetically modified (GM) food crops. This thesis presents the findings from a survey of Australian canola farmers and their perspectives on the widescale introduction and regulation of GM food crops in Australia in relation to scientific, social, environmental and commercial risk and uncertainty. It also draws upon an analysis of GM regulation in Australia to determine how farmers have been involved in GM technology policy making... Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) School of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology Full Text

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Lu, Linqi. "Framing Genetically-modified Foods Communication in China: A Content Analysis of News Coverage of People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7054.

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Grounded in framing theory, this thesis presents a qualitative content analysis of newspaper coverage of genetically modified foods by two Chinese newspapers- People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis, in 2000-2017. The political, economic, public opinion and legal implications involved have made the reports of genetically modified (GM) foods present different framing, themes, and positions between People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis. This study aims to examine the various frames used in the coverage of GM foods in two major Chinese newspapers that operate within different media frameworks. Results of the content analysis illustrated that significant differences existed in the newspapers in their framing of GM foods, the themes of GM foods, the positions, news source, and media attributes. While the frames used by People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis were similar in the emphasis on the importance of “Supervision to GM product”, “Worries & Potential Risk/Safety”, and “International perspective”, Southern Metropolis presented a significance of pluralistic standpoint than People’s Daily whose attitude was likely to neutral and pro-GMO. People’s Daily preferred to use the frames of “Advanced Technology”, “International Perspective” or “Economic Consequences”, whereas Southern Metropolis preferred to produce the framed stories of “Worries & Potential Risk/Safety”.

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Klimaitė, Vaida. "Darbuotojų, dirbančių X prekybos centre, požiūris į genetiškai modifikuotų maisto produktų ir maisto priedų vartojimą." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130605_132039-39623.

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Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti darbuotojų požiūrį į genetiškai modifikuotų maisto produktų ir maisto priedų vartojimą. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti darbuotojų požiūrį į genetiškai modifikuotus maisto produktus. 2. Nustatyti darbuotojų požiūrį į maisto priedus. 3. Įvertinti pagrindinius veiksnius sąlygojančius maisto produktų pasirinkimą. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimo metu buvo išdalinta 190 anketų. Gauta užpildyta 160 anketų. Atsakymo į anketos klausimus dažnis – 84,2 proc. Apklausos duomenys analizuoti naudojant SPSS 15.0 „for Windows“ programinį paketą bei MS Exel lenteles. Hipotezės tikrintos taikant df ir χ² testus, nustačius reikšmingumo lygį p<0,05. Rezultatai. Didesnė dalis apklaustųjų neigiamai vertina GM maisto produktus, taip nurodė 56,9 proc. 56,2 proc. moterų ir 70,0 proc. vyrų, mano, kad GM maisto produktai yra kenksmingi. GM maisto produktus vartoja 20,0 proc. apklaustųjų moterų ir 30,0 proc. vyrų. Maisto priedus neigiamai vertina 35,0 proc. apklaustųjų, tačiau 91,9 proc. respondentų perka maisto produktus, kurių sudėtyje yra maisto priedų. Informacijos apie maisto priedus, darbo vietoje norėtų gauti 50,5 proc. moterų ir 60,0 proc. vyrų. Kad maisto priedai yra kenksmingi ir gali turėti neigiamą poveikį žmogaus sveikatai, mano 56,1 proc. respondentų. Išvados. 1. Genetiškai modifikuotus maisto produktus vartoja įvairaus amžiaus, išsilavinimo ir skirtingas pajamas gaunantys respondentai. Vyresni respondentai dažniau GM maisto produktus vertina neigiamai: iki 35 metų - 44... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] The aim of the work. To assess the employees’ attitude to the consumption of the genetically modified products and food additives. The goals of the work. 1. To determine the approach of the employees to the genetically modified products. 2. To determine the approach of the employees to food additives. 3. To assess the main factors which determine the choice of the food products. The methodology of the research. 190 questionnaires were distributed during the research. 160 questionnaires were completed. The data of the survey were analyzed by using the software package SPSS 15.0 “for Windows”. Hypotheses were checked by applying for the df and χ2 tests, and the appointed significance level is p<0,05. The results. 56,9 % of the respondents negatively assesses genetically modified products. 56,2 % of the questioned women and 70,0 % of the questioned men think that GM food is harmful. GM food is used by the 20,0 % of the questioned women and the 30,0 % of the questioned men. The food additives are assessed negatively by the 35,0 % of respondents, but 91,9 % of the questioned buy the products with the additives. 50,5 % of women and 60,0 % of men would like to get the information about the food additives at their workplace. 56,1 % of the respondents think that food additives are harmful and could have a negative influence on the person’s health. Conclusions: 1. Genetically modified productsare used by the respondents of different age, education and having the... [to full text]

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42

Pazuniak, Orest V. "Do Labels Make A Difference: Estimating The Impacts Of Vermont’s Gmo Labeling Law On Perceptions And Prices." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/974.

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Vermont is the first and only state in the US to establish mandatory labels for food containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This thesis investigates the impact of the mandatory labeling law as it relates to changes in prices, quantities sold, and opinions of GMOs. First, grocery store scanner data from Vermont and Oregon are compared using triple difference (difference-in-difference-in-difference) models. Next, Vermont, Oregon, and Colorado survey response data are compared using difference-in-difference models. The findings reveal that there is a general price premium for non-GMO goods of $0.05/oz across all states and times, that mandatory labeling laws do not result in a short-term change in quantities sold or prices of GMO products, and that both mandatory labeling laws and failed mandatory labeling referendums cause an increase in support for GMOs in the food supply. The implications of this research are that mandatory GMO labels did not impact short-term prices or sales and increased the level of support for GMOs.

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43

Lehmkuhl, David. "The Effects of the Dispute between the EU and the US over Genetically Modified Organisms in Food and Feed on Financial Markets." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-32043.

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44

"Detection of genetically modified foods (GMFs)." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896000.

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Abstract (sommario):

Wong Wai Mei. Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-192). Abstracts in English and Chinese. Declaration --- p.ii Acknowledgements --- p.iii Abstract --- p.iv Abbreviation --- p.vi Table of Contents --- p.vii Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 Chapter Section I --- The Making of Genetically Modified Organisms --- p.2 Chapter 1.1 --- Conventional breeding in agriculture --- p.2 Chapter 1.2 --- What is genetic engineering? --- p.4 Chapter 1.3 --- Plant transformation --- p.5 Chapter 1.3.1 --- Agrobacterium-mediated --- p.6 Chapter 1.3.2 --- Direct gene transfer --- p.8 Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Microparticle bombardment --- p.8 Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Protoplasts --- p.9 Chapter 1.3.3 --- Gene silencing --- p.10 Chapter 1.4 --- Examples of genetically modified crops --- p.13 Chapter 1.5 --- Foreign genes commonly found in transgenic plants --- p.14 Chapter Section II --- Benefits and Environmental Concern of GMOs --- p.17 Chapter 2.1 --- Mechanism of GMO --- p.17 Chapter 2.1.1 --- Herbicide tolerant crops --- p.18 Chapter 2.1.2 --- Insect resistant crops --- p.19 Chapter 2.1.3 --- Delayed ripening crops --- p.20 Chapter 2.1.4 --- Virus resistant crops --- p.20 Chapter 2.2 --- Benefits of GMOs --- p.21 Chapter 2.3 --- Impact of GM foods to human health and the environment --- p.22 Chapter 2.3.1 --- Human health --- p.22 Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- GM potatoes --- p.23 Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- CaMV risks? --- p.24 Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- Food allergy --- p.25 Chapter 2.3.2 --- Environmental concerns --- p.26 Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Horizontal gene transfer --- p.27 Chapter 2.3.2.1.1 --- Selectable marker genes --- p.27 Chapter 2.3.2.1.2 --- Herbicide resistant genes --- p.29 Chapter 2.3.2.1.3 --- Insect resistant genes --- p.29 Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Ecology --- p.30 Chapter 2.3.2.2.1 --- Monarch butterfly --- p.30 Chapter Section III --- Future developments of GMO --- p.32 Chapter 3.1 --- Designer Food and engineered plants --- p.32 Chapter 3.1.1 --- Insect resistance --- p.33 Chapter 3.1.2 --- Viral resistance --- p.33 Chapter 3.1.3 --- Fungal resistance --- p.34 Chapter 3.1.4 --- Nutritional quality --- p.34 Chapter 3.1.5 --- Modifications of oil composition --- p.35 Chapter 3.1.6 --- Medical applications --- p.37 Chapter 3.1.7 --- Environmental applications --- p.40 Chapter 3.1.7.1 --- Tolerance to high salinity and drought --- p.40 Chapter 3.1.7.2 --- Tolerance to frost --- p.41 Chapter 3.1.7.3 --- Bioremediation --- p.42 Chapter 3.1.7.4 --- Biodegradable products --- p.43 Chapter Section IV --- Regulation of GMO --- p.44 Chapter 4.1 --- The question of labeling --- p.44 Chapter 4.1.1 --- Moral and ethical issues --- p.44 Chapter 4.1.2 --- Animal welfare --- p.45 Chapter 4.2 --- International practice in GMO labeling --- p.46 Chapter 4.2.1 --- United States of America --- p.46 Chapter 4.2.2 --- Canada --- p.48 Chapter 4.2.3 --- European Union --- p.49 Chapter 4.2.4 --- Australia and New Zealand --- p.50 Chapter 4.2.5 --- Japan --- p.51 Chapter 4.2.6 --- Republic of Korea --- p.52 Chapter 4.2.7 --- China --- p.53 Chapter 4.2.8 --- Taiwan --- p.53 Chapter 4.2.9 --- Hong Kong --- p.54 Chapter Section V --- Uses of crops --- p.56 Chapter 5.1 --- Uses of crops --- p.56 Chapter 5.1.1 --- Soybean --- p.56 Chapter 5.1.2 --- Corn --- p.57 Chapter 5.1.3 --- Tomato --- p.58 Chapter 5.1.4 --- Potato --- p.59 Chapter 5.1.5 --- Rice --- p.60 Chapter 5.1.6 --- Rapeseed --- p.61 Chapter 5.1.7 --- Oil --- p.62 Chapter 5.2 --- "Food additives, hormones and flavourings" --- p.63 Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials & Methods --- p.65 Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.66 Chapter 2.1.1 --- Growth media & agar --- p.66 Chapter 2.1.2 --- Reagents for agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.67 Chapter 2.1.3 --- Reagents for preparation of competent cells --- p.67 Chapter 2.1.4 --- Reagents for measurement of DNA concentration --- p.68 Chapter 2.1.4.1 --- Measurement of DNA concentration by PicoGreen --- p.68 Chapter 2.1.5 --- Reagents for Southern hybridization --- p.68 Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.70 Chapter 2.2.1 --- Restriction endonuclease digestion --- p.70 Chapter 2.2.2 --- Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA --- p.70 Chapter 2.2.3 --- DNA recovery from agarose gel --- p.71 Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- QIAquick® gel extraction --- p.71 Chapter 2.2.4 --- Ligation of purified DNA fragment into vector --- p.72 Chapter 2.2.5 --- Transformation --- p.72 Chapter 2.2.6 --- Rubidium chloride method for making competent cells --- p.12 Chapter 2.2.7 --- Plasmid DNA preparation --- p.73 Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Concert Rapid Mini Prep --- p.73 Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- QIAprep® Miniprep --- p.74 Chapter 2.2.8 --- Extraction of plant genomic DNA --- p.75 Chapter 2.2.8.1 --- Qiagen DNeasy´ёØ Plant Mini Kit --- p.75 Chapter 2.2.9 --- Southern Hybridization --- p.75 Chapter 2.2.9.1 --- Denaturation --- p.76 Chapter 2.2.9.2 --- Blot transfer --- p.76 Chapter 2.2.9.3 --- Pre-hybridization --- p.77 Chapter 2.2.9.4 --- Synthesis of radiolabelled probe --- p.77 Chapter 2.2.9.5 --- Hybridization of radiolabelled probe on filter --- p.77 Chapter 2.2.9.6. --- Detection of hybridized probes --- p.78 Chapter 2.2.10 --- Measurement of DNA concentration --- p.78 Chapter 2.2.10.1 --- Determination of DNA on EtBr stained gel --- p.78 Chapter 2.2.10.2 --- Determination of DNA by UV spectrophotometer --- p.78 Chapter 2.2.10.3 --- Determination of DNA by PicoGreen --- p.79 Chapter 2.2.11 --- DNA sequencing --- p.80 Chapter 2.2.11.1 --- Automated sequencing by ABI Prism 377 --- p.80 Chapter Chapter 3 --- PCR Diagnostics --- p.81 Chapter 3.1 --- Applications of PCR to processed foods --- p.82 Chapter 3.1.1 --- DNA quality --- p.82 Chapter 3.1.2 --- PCR & Multiplex PCR --- p.83 Chapter 3.1.3 --- Choice of primers --- p.84 Chapter 3.1.4 --- Inhibitors --- p.84 Chapter 3.2 --- Materials & Methods --- p.85 Chapter 3.2.1 --- Selection of primers --- p.85 Chapter 3.2.2 --- Amplification of target sequences --- p.86 Chapter 3.2.3 --- Multiple amplification of target sequences --- p.87 Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.88 Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.93 Chapter Chapter 4 --- Quality Control in GMO detection --- p.95 Chapter 4.1 --- Standardization of pre- and post- PCR analysis --- p.96 Chapter 4.1.1 --- General guidelines --- p.96 Chapter 4.1.2 --- UV irradiation --- p.97 Chapter 4.1.3 --- Inactivation protocols --- p.93 Chapter 4.1.4 --- Positive and negative controls --- p.99 Chapter 4.1.5 --- PCR verification --- p.99 Chapter 4.1.6 --- Equipment decontamination --- p.100 Chapter 4.2 --- Materials & Methods --- p.101 Chapter 4.2.1 --- Selection of primers for external control --- p.101 Chapter 4.2.2 --- Development of the external control --- p.101 Chapter 4.2.3 --- Selection of primers for internal control --- p.103 Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.104 Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.107 Chapter Chapter 5 --- DNA extraction from food samples --- p.110 Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.111 Chapter 5.2 --- Reagents and Buffers for DNA extraction from food samples --- p.112 Chapter 5.2.1 --- Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction method --- p.112 Chapter 5.2.2 --- Organic-based extraction method --- p.113 Chapter 5.2.3 --- Potassium acetate/sodium dodecyl sulphate precipitation method --- p.113 Chapter 5.2.4 --- Hexane-based extraction method --- p.114 Chapter 5.3 --- Weight and names of samples --- p.115 Chapter 5.4 --- DNA extraction methods --- p.115 Chapter 5.4.1 --- CTAB extraction method --- p.115 Chapter 5.4.2 --- Qiagen DNeasy´ёØ plant mini kit --- p.116 Chapter 5.4.3 --- Promega Wizard® genomic DNA purification --- p.116 Chapter 5.4.4 --- Promega Wizard® Magnetic DNA purification system --- p.117 Chapter 5.4.5 --- Promega Wizard® DNA Clean-Up system --- p.118 Chapter 5.4.6 --- Qiagen QIAshreddrer´ёØ and QIAamp spin column --- p.119 Chapter 5.4.7 --- Chelex-based extraction method --- p.119 Chapter 5.4.8 --- Organic-based extraction method --- p.120 Chapter 5.4.9 --- Nucleon PhytoPure extraction and purification method --- p.120 Chapter 5.4.10 --- Potassium acetate/SDS precipitation method --- p.121 Chapter 5.4.11 --- Hexane-based extraction method --- p.122 Chapter 5.5 --- Results --- p.123 Chapter 5.5.1 --- Comparison of eleven extraction methods --- p.123 Chapter 5.5.2 --- Comparison of DNA extraction on selected methods --- p.125 Chapter 5.6 --- Discussion --- p.132 Chapter Chapter 6 --- Quantitative Analysis --- p.136 Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.137 Chapter 6.1.1 --- Chemistry of quantitative PCR --- p.138 Chapter 6.1.2 --- PCR system --- p.140 Chapter 6.2 --- Materials & Methods --- p.142 Chapter 6.2.1 --- Design of primers and probes --- p.142 Chapter 6.2.2 --- Methods --- p.145 Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.146 Chapter 6.3.1 --- Selection of primer/probe --- p.146 Chapter 6.3.2 --- Primer optimization --- p.149 Chapter 6.3.3 --- Quantitative analysis of real samples --- p.158 Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.152 Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.168 References --- p.175 Appendix --- p.193

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45

Chen, Po-Chang, and 陳伯彰. "A Study in Legalization of Genetically Modified Food." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35000669657830581415.

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碩士 嶺東科技大學 財經法律研究所 101 The most common concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) among environmentalists, doctors, scientists, and public interest advocates have to do with the health risks they might pose, the environmental pollution they might cause, and the biodiversity they might threaten. For example, genetically engineered crops could pollinate with other plant life making them genetically engineered, as well; GM crops that contain their own pesticides often kill more than their targeted insects, producing a chain reaction of unintended consequences, among them pesticide resistant “super-pests”; GM crops designed to be herbicide resistant (so that large amounts of strong weed killer can be safely used on them) have already spread to related weed species, which then also pick up the resistance to the herbicides and become “super-weeds” that are difficult to control. There is also the possibility of creating new strands of “super-viruses” as the genes of viral resistant plants are passed on to other plants. Finally, there is the danger of GE crops threatening regional biodiversity as single, mono-crops are imported and transplanted into foreign ecosystems. As philosophers and citizens we can call attention to the political character of our laws, policies, and institutions to show that economic practices also involve political choices, embodying political ideas, and are thus open to political deliberation and transformation. You don’t have to be an expert to know that there are some things that shouldn’t be privatized – and that’s what’s wrong with genetically modified food.

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"Impact of genetically modified (GM) food labeling system on food manufacturers in Hong Kong." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895940.

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by Lam Lai Ming, Regina, Tang Oi Tai. Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-66). Questionnaire also in Chinese. ABSTRACT --- p.ii TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.ix Chapter Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 Genes and GM Food --- p.1 Examples of GM Food Available in the Market --- p.2 Potential Benefits and Risks of GM Food --- p.2 Scientific Evidence for the Safety of GM Food --- p.5 The International Scene of GM Food Labeling System --- p.6 Pros and Cons of GM Food Labeling --- p.7 Consumers' Perception and Acceptance of GM Food --- p.9 Situation in Hong Kong --- p.11 Hong Kong Public´ةs Concern --- p.13 Chapter II. --- RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY --- p.15 Research Objectives --- p.15 Methodology --- p.15 Research Design --- p.15 Questionnaire --- p.16 Data Collection --- p.17 Data Analysis Method --- p.17 Chapter III. --- FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS --- p.19 General Public's knowledge about / awareness of GM food --- p.19 Consumers' Perception and Attitudes towards GM Food and Traditionally Produced Food --- p.22 Quality --- p.25 Nutritional Value --- p.27 Price --- p.29 Safety of consumption --- p.31 Consumers' Purchasing Behavior --- p.34 To evaluate consumers' opinions and reactions to the GM Food labeling system in Hong Kong --- p.40 Profiles of the respondents --- p.43 Limitations --- p.46 Chapter IV. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.48 For Government --- p.48 For GM Food Manufacturers --- p.50 For Suppliers --- p.51 APPENDIX --- p.53 BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.65

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Prescott, Vanessa Elizabeth. "Genetically modified plants and immunity." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149576.

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48

CHENG, CIAO-LIN, and 鄭喬臨. "A Study of Food Security from Genetically Modified Crops." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4366tb.

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碩士 國立中正大學 戰略暨國家安全碩士在職專班 105 There is a famous saying by the former secretary of state Henry Alfred Kissinger: “Control oil and you control nations; control food and you control the people.” Food becomes one of the most effective weapons that dominate the world pattern. The impact is far more profound than any weapons. At the same time, food security is also related to commercial trade, social model, and other levels, not simply the demand for food and clothing only. Simultaneously, Food security is not just a simple food and clothing needs but also related to commercial trade, social model, and other levels. Undeniable facts such as global population surge, arable land reduction, and extreme climate are bound to have an impact on food production. The effectiveness of the green revolution is now like a spent arrow. The development of genetically modified technology may be a chance to save food from lack of crisis. With the progress of science and technology, since the advent of genetically modified crops, Resistance performance such as insect resistance, disease resistance, drought, resistant herbicides, increase the nutrients, etc., more and more types, the use of the items are also more and more diversified, but the world's doubts about the genetic transformation is more and deeper. It involves environmental pollution, biodiversity, seed patent, food sovereignty, land expropriation and the international diplomatic dimension. Interest network between government departments, transnational corporations, and academic institutions are leaving the genetically modified crop into a complex situation. People also have distrust on food security. There is a difference between countries for the genetically modified crops adopted by the policy and the actual development of the situation, because of national conditions, the geographical environment is different. States should be common to take preventive measures, carefully and correctly look at genetic technology, Using the integration of international organizations to set a reasonable set of standards from research, cultivation, food, processing, trade and other different levels, then by the national conditions and cultural characteristics, to determine the relevant norms, and then from the laboratory of scientific research into the daily life. The scientific research of the laboratory can be integrated into daily life, with a view to discovering the effects of genetically modified crops to the world's most basic human social organization "Rural" and the most basic needs of mankind "diet", in order to eliminate the public's suspicion of genetic technology and distrust, and become one of the tools to promote food security.

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Chang, Shu-Chi, and 張淑姬. "A Study of the Regulation of Genetically Modified Food." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37393434028375251506.

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碩士 國立中興大學 科技管理研究所 93 With the increase of the global population, human beings pursue more and more on the quality and characteristic of food. In addition, how to improve the agricultural productivity and its quality has become an interesting topic as well as an important question. After the Industrial Revolution and the information revolution, preserving food through biotechnology to improve the development and processing of the animals or plants has led to a new wave of revolution－having an impact on the agriculture. In the field of molecular biology, the food based on the application of the genetic engineering technology to modify the gene is called “Genetically Modified Food.” Since the risk or danger of genetically modified food, it is necessary to adopt a suitable management system of genetically modified foods to prevent danger and protect people. In this study, I will focus on the regulation system of genetically modified food. The first section provides a general overview of genetic modification techniques and genetically modified foods, indicating the risk of the use of technology. The second section discusses the existing Taiwan genetically modified foods regulations on safety checks and labeling regulation. The third section reviews the current practices of genetically modified regulation systems in the U.S. and the European Union. Finally, based on the standpoint of management, my recommendations are as follows:（1）to revise the indication standard of genetically modified foods;（2）to establish the security tracing mechanism of genetically modified foods;（3）to accelerate the cooperation between government agencies. In doing so, the food suppliers not only can be forced to comply with the regulations, the “right to know” of the consumers will be better protected as well.

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Hsu, Chia-Lin, and 徐佳鈴. "Consumer’s Perception, Belief and Purchase Intentiontoward Genetically Modified Food." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71906995244717316166.

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