Articoli di riviste: "Geological and paleontological excavations"

1

Scholze, Frank, Valeriy K. Golubev, Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki, Joerg W. Schneider e Andrey G. Sennikov. "Late Permian conchostracans (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) from continental deposits in the Moscow Syneclise, Russia". Journal of Paleontology 93, n. 1 (4 ottobre 2018): 72–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.58.

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AbstractThe Moscow Syneclise on the East European Platform is an important area for the study of the continental biota of late Permian to Early Triassic age in continuous sections. This study attempts a taxonomic description of the late Permian conchostracan fauna of this area. The rich, new material was collected, bed by bed, during geological and paleontological excavations of lacustrine and fluvial deposits of the Obnora Formation and Vokhma Formation of the late Permian Zhukovian Regional Stage near the towns of Vyazniki and Gorokhovets. The conchostracan fauna of the Zhukovian Regional Stage consists predominantly ofPseudestheriaand less frequently ofPalaeolimnadiopsis. In the earliest Triassic Vokhmian Regional Stage, a more diverse fauna includingEuestheria,Magniestheria,Cornia,Palaeolimnadiopsis, andRossolimnadiopsiswas already recorded. The preliminary taxonomic determination of the pseudestheriids from the Zhukovian Regional Stage is intended to serve as a prerequisite for future studies of late Permian conchostracan biostratigraphy on the regional to interregional scale.

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Babcock, Loren E., e William I. Ausich. "The Paleontological Society Papers, a new series published by The Paleontological Society". Paleontological Society Papers 1 (ottobre 1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000012.

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This Volume marks the inaugural issue of the Paleontological Society Papers. This series, established by The Paleontological Society in 1996, replaces the Paleontological Society Short Course Notes, which ceased to be published in November 1995, and the Paleontological Society Special Publications, which ceased to be published in June 1996. Most of the contributions in the new series are invited papers presented at the Short Courses on Paleontology sponsored by the Society at the annual meetings of the Geological Society of America.

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WEST, ROBERT M. "State Regulation of Geological, Paleontological, and Archaeological Collecting". Curator: The Museum Journal 32, n. 4 (dicembre 1989): 281–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2151-6952.1989.tb00727.x.

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4

Starodubtseva, I. A., e I. V. Novikov. "THE HISTORY OF GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL STUDY OF BOLSHOYE BOGDO MOUNTAIN". Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, n. 2 (30 aprile 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2018-2-65-72.

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The history of the geological and paleontological study of Bolshoye Bogdo mountain, as well as the evolution of the views on their geological structure, has been considered.The first descriptions of the rocks composing the Bolshoye Bogdo mountain, published in the 18th century by academicians S.G. Gmelin and P.S. Pallas, have been given. A particular attention has been paid to the results obtained during the expedition conducted under the guidance of the English geologist R.I. Murchison in 1841. A great contribution to the knowledge of the geological structure and paleontological characteristics of Bolshoye Bogdo mountain was made by A.B. Auerbach, who discovered here the remains of Triassic temnospondyl amphibians and fish for the first time for the territory of European Russia. A new stage in the study of the paleontology of the Bolshoye Bogdo mountain, which began in 1912, has been characterized. A well-known paleontologist and writer LA. Efremov worked there in the 1926th and 1928th years and conducted scientific research and searches for vertebrate remains. Later, the study of the geological structure of the Bolshoye Bogdo mountain was carried out by the staff of the Saratov State University, Borissiak Paleontological Institute and other scientific institutions of Russia.

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Smith, Andrew B., e D. T. J. Littlewood. "Paleontological data and molecular phylogenetic analysis". Paleobiology 20, n. 3 (1994): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001277x.

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Molecular data are becoming an indispensable tool for the reconstruction of phylogenies. Fossil molecular data remain scarce, but have the potential to resolve patterns of deep branching and provide empirical tests of tree reconstruction techniques. A total evidence approach, combining and comparing complementary morphological, molecular and stratigraphical data from both recent and fossil taxa, is advocated as the most promising way forward because there are several well-established problems that can afflict the analysis of molecular sequence data sometimes resulting in spurious tree topologies. The integration of evidence allows us to: (1) choose suitable taxa for molecular phylogenetic analysis for the question at hand; (2) discriminate between conflicting hypotheses of taxonomic relationship and phylogeny; (3) evaluate procedures and assumptions underlying methods of building trees; and (4) estimate rates of molecular evolution in the geological past. Paleontology offers a set of independent data for comparison and corroboration of analyses and provides the only direct means of calibrating molecular trees, thus giving insight into rates of molecular evolution in the geological past.

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Benner, S. A. "Planetary Biology--Paleontological, Geological, and Molecular Histories of Life". Science 296, n. 5569 (3 maggio 2002): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1069863.

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7

Peters, Shanan E., e Noel A. Heim. "The geological completeness of paleontological sampling in North America". Paleobiology 36, n. 1 (2010): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373-36.1.61.

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A growing body of work has quantitatively linked many macroevolutionary patterns, including short- and long-term changes in biodiversity, rates of taxonomic extinction and origination, and patterns of extinction selectivity, to temporal variability in the sedimentary rock record. Here we establish a new framework for more rigorously testing alternative hypotheses for these and many other results by documenting the large-scale spatiotemporal intersection of the North American sedimentary rock and fossil records. To do this, we combined 30,387 fossil collections in the spatially explicit Paleobiology Database with a comprehensive macrostratigraphic database consisting of 18,815 sedimentary lithostratigraphic units compiled from 814 geographic regions distributed across the United States and Canada. The geological completeness of paleontological sampling, here defined as the proportion of the available sedimentary rock record that has been documented to have at least one fossil occurrence, irrespective of taxonomy or environment, is measured at four different levels of stratigraphic resolution: (1) lithostratigraphic rock units, (2) hiatus-bound rock packages, (3) regional stratigraphic columns, and (4) sediment coverage area (km2). Mean completeness estimates for 86 Phanerozoic time intervals (approximately stages; median duration 5.3 Myr) range from 0.18 per interval in the case of lithostratigraphic rock units to 0.23 per interval for stratigraphic columns and sediment coverage area. Completeness estimates at all four levels of stratigraphic resolution exhibit similar temporal variation, including a significant long-term increase during the Phanerozoic that is accentuated by an abrupt Campanian–Maastrichtian peak. This Late Cretaceous peak in completeness is approximately five times greater than the least complete Phanerozoic time intervals (Early Cambrian, Early Devonian, late Permian, and Early Cretaceous). Geological completeness in the Cenozoic is, on average, approximately 40% greater than in the Paleozoic. Temporal patterns of geological completeness do not appear to be controlled exclusively by variation in the frequency of subsurface rock units or an increase over time in the proportion of terrestrial rock, but instead may be general features of both the marine and terrestrial fossil records.

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8

Fernandes, Antonio Carlos Sequeira, Vera Maria Medina da Fonseca e Deise Dias Rêgo Henriques. "Histórico da Paleontologia no Museu Nacional". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 30, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2007): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2007_1_194-196.

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The Museu Nacional founded in 1818, houses important Brazilian and foreign paleoinvertebrate, paleovertebrate and fossil plant material. This paleontological patrimony is the result of not only the first acquisitions during the 19th century, specially those made by the end of it by the Imperial Geological Commission, but also of the 20th century paleontological activities, which mixes the history of the Paleontology in the Museu Nacional with the own history of the institution

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9

West, Robert M. "1991 Survey: State Regulation of Geological, Paleontological, and Archaeological Collecting". Curator: The Museum Journal 34, n. 3 (settembre 1991): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2151-6952.1991.tb01467.x.

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10

Starodubtseva, I. A. "А.В. MISSUNA: SUBJECTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND THEIR RESULTS". Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, n. 1 (22 aprile 2018): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2018-1-68-75.

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A.B. Missuna (1869—1922) was one of the first Russian women geologists. The most part of her scientific works were devoted to Quaternary glacial deposits, which she studied in the basins of Viliy, Dvina, Neman at the territory of Belarus and Litva. She designed the method of the terminal moraines studying and discovered new parts of its distribution. Missuna researched magmatic rocks of the Crimea. She was also the author of the works on fossils: Jurassic corals (13 new species), Carboniferous fishes (1 new species) and Miocene diatoms (2 new genuses and 18 new species). She created Geological cabinet at the Moscow Higher Women's Courses and taught there such subjects as petrography, general geology, paleontology, historiacal geology. She organized and conducted with women students the geological excursions in Moscow region, in Crimea, Urals. She was the first woman teacher of geological subjects in Russian Higher School. A.B.Missuna was a full member of the Imperial Moscow Society of Naturalists, St. Petersburg Mineralogical Society, Geological department of Imperial Society of Nature, Anthropology and Ethnography, as well as the member-founder of Russian Paleontological Society (nowadays Paleontological society at the RAS).

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Dutro, J. Thomas. "Brachiopods Between Treatises—A North American Perspective 1965–2000". Paleontological Society Papers 7 (novembre 2001): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000863.

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The Paleontological Society Short Course this year features the history of brachiopod research, especially since the beginning of the revision of Part H, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, in the early 1990s. The first version of Part H was published in 1965 and the only previous Paleontological Society Short Course to deal with brachiopods was held in 1981 at the Cincinnati meeting of the Geological Society of America. At that time, the day was split between the bryozoans and brachiopods, with a nod to the phoronids, under the rubric of lophophorates.

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Staneva, Krasimira. "PALEONTOLOGICAL HERITAGE RESOURCES FOR TOURISM IN BULGARIA". Knowledge International Journal 28, n. 7 (10 dicembre 2018): 2475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28072475k.

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A specific approach is needed based on a comprehensive study of both tourist resources and habitats / natural findings of fossils for develop a successful tourist product targeting customers who have interests in paleontology. The aim of the study is to evaluate the possibilities of modeling paleontological destinations in the country using leaf imprints and fossils. Fossils have their unique origins. They are formed at a certain point in geological development and in a specific geographic location. In this respect, by their genesis and common character, they are non-renewable resources of high scientific, educational, commercial and amateur value, which can be considered as a tourist resource. Two different paleontological outcrops have been studied: the Lovech Urgonian Group in Northern Bulgaria and the Smolyan Palaeogene Basin in the Western Rhodopes. Destination Lovech Urgonian Group: sampling rocks with finds of Orbitolina, Foraminifera, Algae, coral, Gastropoda, Bivalvia associated with coral reefs in the sedimentary rocks of the Lovech Urgonian Group are situated in the region of Veliko Tarnovo and Lovech. They are connected to a Urgonian paleo Sea, whose age is Low Cretaceous.Destination Smolyan Paleogene basin: different leaf imprints are found in the sedimentary rocks, representatives of the families Platanacea, Fagacaea, Lauraceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae and others with different ecological characteristics. The paleo-floristic diversity shows a dynamic climatic situation through the Paleogene period in this region. The tourists accessibility to the natural revelations of paleo-reefs in North Bulgaria and of the palaeoflora outcrops in the Smolyan region is assessed. An assessment of the tourist infrastructure, the existence of geological landscapes, panoramic views and paleontological museum expositions has been made. The specialized paleontological museums in the country are limited in number. And the offering of paleontological tourist destinations is the opportunity for tourists with interests in the natural history and the live evolution to find a suitable form for satisfying their special interests.

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Staneva, Krasimira. "PALEONTOLOGICAL HERITAGE RESOURCES FOR TOURISM IN BULGARIA". Knowledge International Journal 28, n. 7 (10 dicembre 2018): 2475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij29082475k.

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A specific approach is needed based on a comprehensive study of both tourist resources and habitats / natural findings of fossils for develop a successful tourist product targeting customers who have interests in paleontology. The aim of the study is to evaluate the possibilities of modeling paleontological destinations in the country using leaf imprints and fossils. Fossils have their unique origins. They are formed at a certain point in geological development and in a specific geographic location. In this respect, by their genesis and common character, they are non-renewable resources of high scientific, educational, commercial and amateur value, which can be considered as a tourist resource. Two different paleontological outcrops have been studied: the Lovech Urgonian Group in Northern Bulgaria and the Smolyan Palaeogene Basin in the Western Rhodopes. Destination Lovech Urgonian Group: sampling rocks with finds of Orbitolina, Foraminifera, Algae, coral, Gastropoda, Bivalvia associated with coral reefs in the sedimentary rocks of the Lovech Urgonian Group are situated in the region of Veliko Tarnovo and Lovech. They are connected to a Urgonian paleo Sea, whose age is Low Cretaceous.Destination Smolyan Paleogene basin: different leaf imprints are found in the sedimentary rocks, representatives of the families Platanacea, Fagacaea, Lauraceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae and others with different ecological characteristics. The paleo-floristic diversity shows a dynamic climatic situation through the Paleogene period in this region. The tourists accessibility to the natural revelations of paleo-reefs in North Bulgaria and of the palaeoflora outcrops in the Smolyan region is assessed. An assessment of the tourist infrastructure, the existence of geological landscapes, panoramic views and paleontological museum expositions has been made. The specialized paleontological museums in the country are limited in number. And the offering of paleontological tourist destinations is the opportunity for tourists with interests in the natural history and the live evolution to find a suitable form for satisfying their special interests.

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Marinos, P. V. "GEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ROCK MASSES IN UNDERGROUND EXCAVATIONS". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, n. 3 (24 gennaio 2017): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11300.

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The paper deals with the engineering geological behaviour of rock masses in underground excavations. In general, the application of the well-known classification systems has the drawback of not displaying necessary information concerning the behaviour of rock masses, especially the weak ones, in tunnelling. Consequently, there are many cases in which the geological “identity” of the geomaterial is lost since it is not involved in the analysis. In that way it is possible that its special characteristics are mislaid. Within this framework, a system for assessing the failure type mechanisms of the rockmass (i.e. deformation due to overstressing, overbrakes or wedge failure, “chimney” type failure, ravelling ground) for unsupported tunnel-section is presented. These parameters, used for this system, are the structure of the rockmass, the intact rock strength and the overburden thickness. The experience gained by the recent tunnelling construction in the Greek territory, under particularly difficult geological conditions, provided excellent and numerous data for this study.

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Câmara, Ibsen De Gusmão. "Extinção e o registro fóssil". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 30, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2007): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2007_1_123-134.

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The extinctions and their relationships with the biological evolution allow the changes in the biota patterns through the geological time. In this study is presented a synthesis of the extinction events registered in the paleontological data and their importance to the evolutionary processes.

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Erbajeva, M. A., A. A. Shchetnikov, A. Yu Kazansky, G. G. Matasova, F. I. Khenzykhenova, I. A. Filinov, O. D. Ts Namzalova e I. O. Nechaev. "New pleistocene key section Ulan-Zhalga of the Western Transbaikalia". Доклады Академии наук 488, n. 3 (26 settembre 2019): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524883277-281.

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The currant paper presents the preliminary results of the multidisciplinary study of the new Pleistocene section Ulan-Zhalga (51°29′40.75″ С, 107°20′18.11″ В) discovered in the Western Transbauikalaia in 2017. On the base of the paleontological, paleomagmetic, and lithological data the early, middle and late Pleistocene sediments were recognized in the section. The analysis of the rich small mammal fossils resulted in to trace the paleoenvironmental and climatic changes in the region during the Quaternary. The unique alternation of the 19 faunistic horizons and 11 fossil soils in the whole section, the high correlation of the paleomagnetic and paleontological data allow us to refer the studied section Ulan-Zhalga to addition new late Cenozoic Key section of the south Eastern Siberia. The new geological and paleontological data would be important for paleogeographical reconstruction and biostratigraphic analysis.

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Fakundiny, Robert. "The New York State Museum: Child of the Geological Survey that Grew to be its Guardian". Earth Sciences History 6, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1987): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.6.1.9w66h2g183510672.

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The New York State Museum was created by State legislation in 1870 out of the old State Cabinet, which held the specimens collected by the State Geological and Natural History Survey, James Hall, then State Geologist and Palaeontologist within the Survey, was named Director of the Museum. Hall's need to possess and study vast quantities of paleontological specimens required space for collections storage and processing. His collections became the major supply of specimens for the Cabinet and eventually the Museum. After the original Survey was disbanded, in the early 1840's, Hall's presence gave the Cabinet a definite geological character. As the chief geological scientist, Hall considered the geological research of the Cabinet and later the Museum as a product of the "Geological Survey of New York," even though no formal designation of such a unit was ever proclaimed by state legislation. After all, other states were forming geological research units similar to Hall's and calling them geological surveys. It made sense for good communications for Hall and his predecessor State Geologists to refer to their staff as the New York State Geological Survey. Eventually, through a series of other legislative acts, most importantly in 1904 and 1945, the Museum was made the formal administrative home for the Geological Survey and, thus, its guardian. Museum Directors, therefore, have had the principle role in determining the fate of geological and paleontological research within the Geological Survey, After 1926, when the first non-geologist became director, the Museum's research scope grew faster in other natural and social history areas, such as botany, entomology, zoology, archaeology, ethnology, and history. This expansion is exemplified by the addition of a State Historian to the Education Department in 1895. During its 150-year history the Geological Survey has moved six times, and it is now housed in the Cultural Education Center in the Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York.

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Beznosova, T. M. "Repositories of A. A. Chernov Geological Museum and their Chief Curator". Vestnik of Geosciences 12 (2020): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2020.12.4.

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The paper briefly describes the repositories of the Geological Museum, consisting of more than 600 monographic and exhibition collections. The paper also highlights the research, educational, exposition and exhibition activities of a highly qualified researcher, curator of the Geological Museum named after A. A. Chernov Liliya Raikovna Zhdanova on the occasion of her 60th birthday. The most important directions of activity and main achievements of L. R. Zhdanova are characterized. Main publications are named, including the unique monograph «Collection of holotypes of the paleontological collection of the Geological Museum named after A. A. Chernov» published in 2020.

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Melo, Diogo Jorge de, Ana Carolina Fortes Bastos, Vanessa Maria da Costa Rodrigues e Vinícius De Moraes Monção. "Desenvolvimento de atividade lúdica para o auxílio do ensino e divulgação científica da paleontologia". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 30, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2007): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2007_1_73-76.

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Herein is described the development of a ludical activity in Paleontology with the purpose to apply the concepts of the geological time and the processes that occurred along the history of the Earth. This activity, that was teste in the event "Bio na Rua" of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, consisted on the use of didactic panels concerning paleontological themes, geological time chart, fossil and ichnofossil concepts, the development of a board game showing the Earth history and origami workshops.

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Gagnier, P. Y., A. Blieck, C. C. Emig, T. Sempere, D. Vachard e M. Vanguestaine. "New paleontological and geological data on the Ordovician and Silurian of Bolivia". Journal of South American Earth Sciences 9, n. 5-6 (settembre 1996): 329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-9811(96)00018-1.

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Khalloufi, Bouziane, Driss Ouarhache e Hervé Lelièvre. "New paleontological and geological data about Jbel Tselfat (Late Cretaceous of Morocco)". Historical Biology 22, n. 1-3 (marzo 2010): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912961003668756.

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Mel’nikov, M. E., S. P. Pletnev, I. A. Basov, T. A. Punina, T. E. Sedysheva, V. D. Khudik e Yu D. Zakharov. "New geological and paleontological data on Alba Guyot (Magellan Seamounts, Pacific Ocean)". Russian Journal of Pacific Geology 1, n. 3 (giugno 2007): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1819714007030050.

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Martínez-Graña, Antonio, Paulo Legoinha, José Luis Goy, José Angel González-Delgado, Ildefonso Armenteros, Cristino Dabrio e Caridad Zazo. "Geological-Geomorphological and Paleontological Heritage in the Algarve (Portugal) Applied to Geotourism and Geoeducation". Land 10, n. 9 (31 agosto 2021): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090918.

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A 3D virtual geological route on Digital Earth of the geological-geomorphological and paleontological heritage in the Algarve (Portugal) is presented, assessing the geological heritage of nine representative geosites. Eighteen quantitative parameters are used, weighing the scientific, didactic and cultural tourist interest of each site. A virtual route has been created in Google Earth, with overlaid georeferenced cartographies, as a field guide for students to participate and improve their learning. This free application allows loading thematic georeferenced information that has previously been evaluated by means of a series of parameters for identifying the importance and interest of a geosite (scientific, educational and/or tourist). The virtual route allows travelling from one geosite to another, interacting in real time from portable devices (e.g., smartphone and tablets), and thus making possible the ability to observe the relief and spatial geological distribution with representative images, as well as to access files with the description and analysis of each geosite. By using a field guide, each geosite is complemented with activities for carrying out and evaluating what has been learned; these resources allow a teaching–learning process where the student is an active part of the development and creation of content using new technologies that provide more entertaining and educational learning, teamwork and interaction with social networks. This itinerary allows the creation of attitudes and skills that involve geoconservation as an element for sustainable development.

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Filippova, Maiia Petrovna, Pеtr Dmitrievich Maximov, Vladilena Romanovna Abramova, Irina Vasilyevna Gogoleva e Keskileene Ignatovna Neustroeva. "The mammoth's mysterious companion: the materials of the Republican ecological and paleontological camp for schoolchildren “Tusk,” years 1997–2013". LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, n. 2 (30 marzo 2021): 298–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202172736p.298-317.

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This article deals with a unique discovery. In 2010, a school expedition found an obscure skull of a woolly rhinoceros on Mamontova Mountain in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Young paleontologists with their leader P. D. Maksimov conducted an anatomical study of the woolly rhinoceros' fossil skull. During the entire period (years 1973–2021) of the camp's existence, young paleontologists have found the remains of 57 animal fossils. All the materials found during the expeditions have been stored in the museum-laboratory at the Republican Ecological-Paleontological Camp of Schoolchildren “Tusk.” Among the gathered paleontological finds, the young researchers were attracted to rhinoceros skulls found at different times near various excavations. The expedition participants have put forward the hypothesis that during the period of the flourishing of the mammoth fauna, there might have been some species or subspecies of woolly rhinoceros on the territory of Paleoyakutia besides the Lena species. The results of the research were highly appreciated by the experts of the republican scientific conferences.

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Copeland, M. "Elkanah Billings (1820-1876) and Joseph F. Whiteaves (1835-1909): The First Two Paleontologists of The Geological Survey of Canada". Earth Sciences History 12, n. 2 (1 gennaio 1993): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.12.2.c4311u418x01u11p.

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Billings and Whiteaves, both self taught paleontologists, occupied the same position (at different times) within the Geological Survey of Canada but were at different ends of the paleontological spectrum. Together their paleontological careers span the last half of the 19th century. Both were prolific writers, but Billings was not primarily a field man and worked only on the lower Paleozoic fossils of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland and southern Ontario. Whiteaves was a field man par excellence, working from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Pacific coast and specializing in Mesozoic paleontology. Together, they complemented each other's studies and contributed greatly to the initiation, expansion and continuance of the science of paleontology within the Survey and Canada as a whole. They should be considered together as the "Fathers of Canadian Paleontology."

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Beresneva, O. N., e M. M. Parastaeva. "FORGOTTEN PAGES OF HISTORY: A. P. BYSTROV (1899–1959)". Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 21, n. 1 (3 marzo 2017): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2017-21-1-101-106.

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The article is devoted to the outstanding scientist anatomist, paleontologist, doctor of biological sciences, lieutenant-colonel of medical service A. P. Bystrov (1899–1959), who lived only 60 years. Twenty-five years he was connected with the military department, two years worked inMoscowin the Paleontological Institute, the last 13 years of his life he taught at the geological faculty ofLeningradstate university.

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Knoll, Andrew H. "Daughter of time". Paleobiology 22, n. 1 (1996): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300015979.

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Truth, goes an old proverb, is the daughter of time. Fifty years ago, G. G. Simpson (1944) brought paleontology into the Neodarwinian fold, arguing that evolutionary tempo can be documented in the geological record and used to inform debate about evolutionary mode. Today, increasingly sophisticated paleontological investigations of rate—be it diversification, extinction, migration, morphological change, or divergence in macromolecular sequence—require calibration of the geological time scale with a precision far greater than Simpson could have anticipated. Expanding research on the relationships between environmental history and evolution also requires unprecedented resolution in correlation and geochronometry.

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Chun, Hee Young. "Importance of the paleontological resources for the stratigraphy and interpretation of geological structures". Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 53, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2017): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14770/jgsk.2017.53.1.35.

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Mirlin, E. G., E. V. Khotchenkov e I. A. Cherevkovskaya. "GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM AS AN INNOVATIVE PLATFORM OF EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH THE YOUNGER GENERATION". Innovatics and Expert Examination, n. 3(28) (25 dicembre 2019): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2019-3-132-142.

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Abstract (sommario):

The experience of educational work with the younger generation in order to awaken its interest in the professions of geologist and miner is considered. Innovative approaches are developed and implemented in three areas: practical works with geological and paleontological samples; conducting «geological expeditions», where children acquire the skills of a field geologist, get acquainted with the objects of the mining industry and carry out the formation of personal geological collections; the study of geological processes and structures through specialized excursions in the Museums expositions. The efficiency of the applied methods is analyzed, the ways of their further development and improvement are discussed. Many tasks are solved in the framework of projects and programs of the Interuniversity Academic center of navigation in the field of mining and geological profile. The experience gained may be of interest to the other natural science museums, as well as to organizations that carry out educational work with the younger generation.

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Herrera-Franco, Gricelda, Karla Erazo, Carlos Mora-Frank, Paúl Carrión-Mero e Edgar Berrezueta. "Evaluation of a Paleontological Museum as Geosite and Base for Geotourism. A Case Study". Heritage 4, n. 3 (12 luglio 2021): 1208–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030067.

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The Santa Elena province in Ecuador has outstanding geological potential in petroleum, mining and geosite resources. All the wealth of palaeontological samples and their inherent link to the history of this territory require a recognised museum with educational and scientific material to support the potential and promotion of geotourism development. The Megatherium Palaeontological Museum is located in this province and was the first Palaeontological Museum in Ecuador. It exhibits samples corresponding to the Late Pleistocene Megafauna that inhabited the area. This study aims to evaluate the museum (a geoheritage element) as a possible (palaeontological) geosite by analysing its contributions to the geoheritage of the Santa Elena province. Thus, we also aim to enhance the geotourism of the area and promote its collections as a geotouristic attraction. The methodological process was based on: (i) information processing and systematisation in the museum and its environment; (ii) assessment of the museum’s geological interest through the method of the Geological Survey of Spain, the Brilha method and the Geosites Assessment Model; and (iii) a qualitative evaluation using the Delphi and the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats methodologies to define strategies and proposals for museum development. Based on the results of the applied quantitative assessment, the museum has a “very high” (277/400) degree of geological interest, due to the high values of scientific (310/400), academic (310/400) and touristic (210/400) interest. In this same way, the results obtained through the Brilha method reflect a high scientific (290/400), educational (280/400), and tourist (315/400) interest and a low degradation risk (190/400) value in the museum. Furthermore, the applied Geosites Assessment Model shows the museum as a geosite with high main and additional values, placing it between the Z23 and Z33 fields of the global valuation matrix. The evaluation approached through Delphi analysis and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats matrix allowed us to propose improvement strategies to take advantage of the museum resources as an alternative that strengthens the geotouristic development of the area.

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Morante-Carballo, Fernando, Geanella Herrera-Narváez, Nelson Jiménez-Orellana e Paúl Carrión-Mero. "Puyango, Ecuador Petrified Forest, a Geological Heritage of the Cretaceous Albian-Middle, and Its Relevance for the Sustainable Development of Geotourism". Sustainability 12, n. 16 (14 agosto 2020): 6579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166579.

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Geodiversity treaties have multiplied and given rise to geological heritage as a singular value of protection and preservation for territories. The Puyango Petrified Forest (PPF) is a recognized Ecuadorian reserve, which was declared a National Heritage Treasure. It has an area of 2659 hectares, and it is located in the south of Ecuador, between the provinces of El Oro and Loja. The petrified trunks and trees were buried by volcanic lava, dating from the Cretaceous Period, 96 to 112 million years ago. Thus, silicification and carbonization, two important fossilization events, have produced hundreds of samples of paleontological wealth in Puyango. The objective of this work is to methodologically assess the geodiversity of a fraction of the PPF by registering its geological heritage and value for its preservation and sustainable development. The methodology is based on: (i) Analysis of information on the territory used for tourist visits, as a pilot study area. Presentation of paleontological components and their main sections to enhance their geotouristics value; (ii) Assessment of the geological heritage for its geotourism categorization with a recognized scientific methodology and one proposed by the co-authors propose; and (iii) Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) as a guide for protection and development strategies. Findings reveal the high geotourism potential for a Geopark Project in Puyango, since only 300 hectares are used for tourism and the remaining area is a virgin environment for research and improving knowledge of geodiversity and biodiversity.

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Eagan, William. ""I would have sworn my life on your interpretation:" James Hall, Sir William Logan and the "Quebec Group"". Earth Sciences History 6, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1987): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.6.1.41357512m374n866.

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The establishment of a stratigraphic succession for the Paleozoic rocks south of Quebec City created a bitter international confrontation in the 1860's. Establishing the geological framework for Canada after 1842, Sir William Logan relied on the system of nomenclature established by the New York Geological Survey and James Hall. Moreover, in elaborating a stratigraphic succession for the Quebec rocks, Logan drew directly on Hall's paleontological expertise. Their combined skills contributed to a coherent column for the "Quebec Group." Yet in 1861 new trilobite evidence proved the column wrong, created a strident conflict between Logan and Hall, dragged them into the "Taconic" controversy and seriously damaged their close working relationship.

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Rohr, David M., e Jiří Frýda. "A new Ordovician gastropod and operculum from the Czech Republic". Journal of Paleontology 75, n. 2 (marzo 2001): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018242.

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Fossilized opercula are uncommon in Paleozoic rocks, and shells with the operculum in place are rare. A single specimen with the operculum in place was discovered by P. Slehofer in a concretion in the Ordovician Zahorany Formation of the Prague Basin. Formerly known as Trochonema excavatum Barrande in Perner, 1903, the species is the basis of the new genus Slehoferia. Perner (1903) reported the shell of the same species from two localities, and additional specimens without the operculum are in the collections of the National Museum and Czech Geological Survey. Studied material is deposited in the paleontological collection of the Czech Geological Survey, Prague.

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34

Naugolnykh, S. V. "Ecology and paleoecology in context of geomonitoring aims as exemplified by the City of Krasnoufimsk (Sverdlovsk region)". SOCIALNO-ECOLOGICHESKIE TECHNOLOGII, n. 1. 2018 (2018): 38–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2963-2018-1-38-64.

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The present paper deals with the problems of geomonitoring of the geological-paleontological monuments of the City of Krasnoufimsk (Sverdlovsk region) in a broad ecological and paleoecological context. The geological section ‘Rjabinovy Log” (“Rowan Ravine”), which is especially important for paleontology and stratigraphy, is described in details, i.e. layer after layer. A new monotypic genus Ovalocarpus Naugolnykh, gen. nov. and its type species Ovalocarpus ovoides Naugolnykh, sp. nov. are described in the taxonomical part of the paper. The Ovalocarpus seeds are characteristic of the Upper Artinskian and Kungurian terrigenous deposits of the Western Urals. Taxonomical assignment of the Ovalocarpus seeds to the gymnosperms of the division Ginkgophyta is discussed.

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Fisher, Donald. "John Mason Clarke: James Hall's Protégé - Successor". Earth Sciences History 6, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1987): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.6.1.0463v792n4244g6w.

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John Mason Clarke, the successor to James Hall as State Paleontologist of New York, was both similar and dissimilar to his mentor in his approach to paleontology and paleontologists. Both were intensely passionate in their pursuit of paleontological research. However, their opposing personalities mandated that they travel vastly differing avenues toward implementing the accomplishments of the New York State Geological Survey and State Museum during their respective eras.

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Štrba, Ľubomír, Jana Kolačkovská, Dušan Kudelas, Branislav Kršák e Csaba Sidor. "Geoheritage and Geotourism Contribution to Tourism Development in Protected Areas of Slovakia—Theoretical Considerations". Sustainability 12, n. 7 (8 aprile 2020): 2979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072979.

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Slovakia is renowned for its remarkable and rare natural beauty, abundant in natural resources with several noteworthy geological features. However, the protection of nature has primarily been understood as the protection of biodiversity in Slovakia. For the conservation of geological diversity and landforms, very little has been done. Geoconservation or the protection of geodiversity is being applied to specific places known as geosites, where significant earth elements (geological, paleontological, geomorphological, hydrological and pedological) are protected, preserved and managed. Most geosites benefit from existing protected areas. Their protection is random and does not result from the recognition of their values. As discussed in the paper, geotourism related activities can undoubtedly contribute to promoting the protection of geosites in protected areas. Besides, through a geotourism approach, geodiversity can obtain public attention and positively influence the state of protected areas by its activities. Such initiatives not only can improve the protection of geological sites but also can play a crucial role in sustainable tourism development.

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Zolnikov, I. D., A. V. Postnov, A. A. Anoikin, A. S. Rezvyi, S. S. Makarov e A. V. Vybornov. "Geological, Geomorphological, and Paleontological Indicators for Detecting Paleolithic Sites in the Lower Ob Region". Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 25 (2019): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.116-122.

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Chazan, Michael, D. Margaret Avery, Marion K. Bamford, Francesco Berna, James Brink, Yolanda Fernandez-Jalvo, Paul Goldberg et al. "The Oldowan horizon in Wonderwerk Cave (South Africa): Archaeological, geological, paleontological and paleoclimatic evidence". Journal of Human Evolution 63, n. 6 (dicembre 2012): 859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.08.008.

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39

Brenskelle, Laura, Michelle LeFebvre, John Wieczorek, Robert Guralnick e Kitty Emery. "Published examples using the new Chronometric extension to Darwin Core". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (17 maggio 2018): e25694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25694.

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Abstract (sommario):

The temporality of specimens is an often overlooked but quintessential part of using aggregated biodiversity occurrences for research, especially when millions of these occurrences exist in deep time. Presently in Darwin Core, there are terms for describing the geological context of specimens, which is needed for paleontological specimens. However, information about the contextual absolute date associated with a specimen, and how that date was generated is not supported in Darwin Core, but would strongly enhance usability for research. Providers do occasionally try provisioning this information, but it is currently hidden in a few different Darwin Core fields, making it hard to discover and nearly impossible to search for in biodiversity portals. Here we provide an overview of where absolute date content for paleontological and archaeological specimens are currently found in published specimens records. We will then introduce a working Darwin Core extension that focuses on chronometric content, and demonstrate the use of this extension with published datasets from the zooarchaeological and paleontological communities. This new advancement will allow providers to make these crucial data available, researchers to easily find the temporal range associated with an occurrence, evaluate how this range was determined, and compile occurrences based on their shared ages to help streamline the research process.

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Strong, Delia, e Marianna Terezow. "Life on the Wellington Fault: Managing Geological Collections and Earthquake Risk". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (15 giugno 2018): e26230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26230.

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GNS Science is home to New Zealand’s national rock, mineral and fossil collections. The National Petrology Reference Collection (NPRC) is a ‘nationally significant’ collection of rocks and minerals from on- and off-shore New Zealand, Antarctica and the rest of the world. The National Paleontological Collection (NPC) is another nationally significant collection; of fossil material from New Zealand, the South West Pacific region and Antarctica, with some overseas additions. Their status as nationally significant collections mean that GNS Science is contracted by the New Zealand Government to provide long-term collection management. Collectively, the NPC and NPRC constitute more than 200,000 samples, dating from the earliest days of New Zealand geology exploration in the late 1800s. The collections continue to grow by hundreds to thousands of samples per year, and are loaned nationally and internationally for scientific research. They are by far the largest collections of fossils, rocks and minerals housed in New Zealand, and are important earth science archives for the entire Zealandian Southern Ocean region. The collections are housed on-site at GNS Science in Lower Hutt, a few hundred meters from the surface trace of the Wellington Fault and within striking distance of other active faults that could generate major earthquakes. Best estimates suggest that the Wellington Region has an average return time of about 150 years for very strong or extreme ground shaking. Such proximity to this significant, active hazard means that steps must be taken to ensure the long-term security and integrity of the collections in the event of earthquake shaking, as well as other natural and non-natural disasters. To that end, the collection managers have written and implemented disaster mitigation, preparedness and recovery plans for the National Petrology Reference Collection and National Paleontological Collection. Here we define the earthquake hazard posed by the Wellington Fault, assess the risk to the collections, and present steps taken to manage that risk.

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Kasza, Damian. "Modelling of underground objects and geological-tectonic structures from a point cloud: application of the developed models in studies of geodynamic processes". E3S Web of Conferences 55 (2018): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185500014.

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At present, techniques of terrestrial laser scanning are one of the most popular survey methods. They allow for fast and non-invasive data acquisition even up to several tens of thousands points per minute. Apart from high precision and measurement efficiency, one of its assets is the possibility of working in objects with natural or artificial light. Due to this, the method may be successfully used in activities related e.g. with the surveying of the present state of underground excavations. The basic product derived from laser scanning measurements is a point cloud. This set is the input data for the construction of a 3D object with a closed surface, e.g. a mesh network. This paper presents the results of inventory works performed in a complex of underground excavations below Książ Castle in Lower Silesia (SW Poland). Based on a point cloud acquired during the measurements, a 3D model of the excavations was constructed. Open source software – MeshLab – was used in the modelling. The high-resolution, calibrated metric model of the underground excavations allowed for a macroscopic recognition of the position of the main tectonic structures cutting the space of the underground excavations. The obtained model was supplemented with the results of earlier geodetic and geological surveys, performed in 2013-2015. The generated model of the geological structure in the study area is an element supporting the interpretation of kinematic activity of the rock massif registered by the instruments of the SRC PAS Geodynamic Laboratory in Książ.

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Santos, Wellington Francisco Sá dos, e Ismar De Souza Carvalho. "Propostas Para a Preservação do Parque Paleontológico de São José de Itaboraí (Brasil) a Partir da Percepção Populacional". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 34, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2011): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2011_2_24-37.

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The São José de Itaboraí Basin is considered a geological heritage due the richness of invertebrates and vertebrates fossils, specially the late Paleocene mammals, which spread through the Earth about 57 Ma ago, after the Late Cretaceous extinction events. The geological heritage of the area was first protected through the Parque Paleontológico de São José de Itaboraí (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil), established in 1995, which is currently being revitalized including the construction of a cultural center for scientific exposures. In this context, was analyzed the São José de Itaboraí public understanding about the paleontological park. The population of the area considers that the park lacks diffusion of the information and infrastructure. The public understanding is that the Parque Paleontológico de São José de Itaboraí is not efficient in the protection of the geological heritage or changing the perception of the local population about the importance of the area. This study analyzes geoconservation and musealization strategies for the geological heritage, territorial planning and management, educational programs and geotouristic activities.

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Adamenko, Oleg, Yaroslav Adamenko e Kateryna Radlovska. "GEOLOGICAL MEMORY OF STARUNJA – AS THE COURSE OF PROTECTION OF THE WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE IN CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE". Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 32, n. 2 (2018): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2018.2.02.

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Paleontological location of the Pleistocene fauna of hairy rhinos and mammoths near the village. Starunya Bogorodchany district of Ivano-Frankivsk region (Prykarpathian, Ukraine) is considered as a paleoclimatic rapper of global changes and a stratigraphic "bridge" linking stratigraphic patterns of the Upper Pleistocene of Western Europe and the plain territory of Ukraine. This is important for the reconstruction of global climate change and the transformation of natural and man-made geosystems.

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Gaboutchian, A. V., V. A. Knyaz, E. N. Maschenko, D. V. Korost e A. A. Kudaev. "ENAMEL THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS ON 3D RECONSTRUCTIONS OF TEETH FOR PALEONTOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS". International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-2/W1-2021 (15 aprile 2021): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-2-w1-2021-61-2021.

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Abstract. Findings of teeth play a significant role in palaeoanthropology. And excavations in Vietnamese LangTrank cave serve as a vivid example and evidence of this statement. Teeth constitute the majority of the paleontological material dated to Middle and Late Pleistocene periods. This is to some extent the result of dietary preferences of porcupines as these rodents include in their diets bones of animals however avoiding extremely hard coronal parts of teeth. Under such circumstances teeth serve a key to taxonomic differentiation of findings as genetic analysis is often hindered by a lack of preserved DNA at such dating of material. However morphological analysis is difficult in some cases either, as teeth can be worn out or broken. In that case enamel thickness measurements become an effective study instrument as this feature varies between species. In the current study two teeth with clear signs of expressed dental wear, presumably upper fourth premolars of wild boar required more detailed analysis. Thus they were reconstructed after micro-computed tomography scanning similarly to other upper teeth picked for comparison: orang-utan tooth from the same location and two teeth from the Upper Palaeolithic Sunghir (they have been scanned earlier). This study required new approaches to image processing and measurement methodology due to marked attrition of the samples. The workflow and results of enamel thickness assessments which facilitated taxonomical differentiation of the findings are presented in the article.

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Sessa, Jocelyn, Susan Butts, Talia Karim, Gil Nelson, Christopher Norris, Danielle Serratos e Mark Uhen. "The ePANDDA project: linking the Paleobiology Database, iDigBio, and iDigPaleo for biological and paleontological research, collections management, and outreach". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (4 luglio 2018): e26644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26644.

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Abstract (sommario):

There are several online paleontological resources that serve a diversity of needs: the Paleobiology Database (PaleoBioDB), a database of fossil occurrences built largely from the primary scientific literature; iDigBio, the national hub for neontological and paleontological specimen data; and iDigPaleo, a specimen-based website built for educational use. While each resource is useful on its own, aggregating data from them is laborious and problematic, as the connectivity between modern and fossil, and specimen and literature-based, resources does not currently exist. Funded by the NSF EarthCube initiative (ICER 1821039), the enhancing Paleontological and Neontological Data Discovery API (ePANDDA) project is using application programming interfaces (APIs) to integrate the paleontological and neontological resources of these three sites. The ePANDDA API returns comprehensive data to the user on all aspects of specimens and taxa. For example, a neontologist could search the ePANDDA API (available at: https://api.epandda.org) using a taxonomic name. In addition to modern specimen records available in iDigBio, they will receive paleontological collections information from iDigPaleo and the PaleoBioDB. The connectivity of these resources facilitates addressing research questions currently difficult to answer, even with multiple researchers working as a group. The ePANDDA API was demonstrated to programmers and end users at a “hackathon” in the fall of 2017, resulting in significant modifications to the API based on end user needs. The epandda team also sought the input of end users in the creation of software widgets that use the API via two workshops in 2016. During this presentation, we will demonstrate several of these software widgets (available at: https://epandda.org), including one that geolocates a user and displays records from all three databases of all organisms within a specified radius. We will also showcase how the PaleoBioDB will use the ePANDDA API to display links to specimen images within iDigBio. The presentation will also include examples and plans for how ePANDDA can collaborate with other existing geological and biological resources.

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Dutro, J. Thomas, e Thomas W. Henry. "Fossil invertebrate collections moved from National Museum". Journal of Paleontology 65, n. 1 (gennaio 1991): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000020308.

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Paleontological investigations have played a critical role in the research of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since its founding in 1879. From about 1950 until recently, the bulk of these fossil materials collected by USGS field geologists was housed in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution) in Washington, D.C, under the control of the Branch of Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the USGS. Large biostratigraphic sets of USGS collections also resided in Denver, Colorado, and Menlo Park, California, at the USGS regional centers.

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Hungerbuhler, Axel. "Recently identified type material of the Lower Jurassic ichthyosaurStenopterygius in the geological—Paleontological institute, tubingen". PalZ 68, n. 1-2 (marzo 1994): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02989443.

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Martirosyan, O. V. "Woman-scientist, paleontologist". Vestnik of Geosciences, n. 1 (26 febbraio 2021): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2021.1.5.

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The article is devoted to the scientific activities of one of the first Russian women geologists, paleontologists — Tatyana Alekseevna Dobrolyubova in connection with the anniversary date — the 130th birthday anniversary. A whole stage in the history of geological studies of the natural resources of the Northern Urals, as well as paleontological studies of the Carboniferous and Permian corals of the Russian Platform and the Urals, are associated with her name. The most important directions of her research and the most significant achievements, as well as the stages of her life, are briefly highlighted.

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Podgorny, Irina. "Bones and Devices in the Constitution of Paleontology in Argentina at the End of the Nineteenth Century". Science in Context 18, n. 2 (giugno 2005): 249–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889705000475.

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Whereas historiography of the debates on “early man in America” isolates Florentino Ameghino's ideas on human evolution from his paleontological and geological work, this paper presents Ameghino's ideas on human ancestors in regard to the controversies over the origin and dispersion of mammals. Therefore, this paper analyzes the constitution of paleontology in Argentina at the end of nineteenth century by describing, firstly, the Ameghino brothers' organization of research. By tackling this aspect I want also to discuss the place of science in late nineteenth-century Argentina. Secondly, I will sketch “Ameghino's ideas” about Patagonia as a center of distribution of mammals, the age of Patagonian strata, and the South American origin of humankind. The Ameghino brothers' logistics of fieldwork created not only the means for finding a remarkable fossil fauna but also a trap that undermined their scientific credibility. Therefore, I will focus on the problem of fieldwork in “distant” places and of scientific wandering in Patagonia. In the polemics presented here, language, transportation systems, visual representations, and technical devices were crucial elements for the creation of paleontological objects.

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CAVADAS, BENTO. "FROM THE CONTRACTING EARTH TO CONTINENTAL DRIFT: WEGENER'S INFLUENCE ON PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS THROUGH THE TWENTIETH CENTURY". Earth Sciences History 38, n. 1 (1 aprile 2019): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.1.74.

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ABSTRACT Alfred Wegener's work on continental drift profoundly influenced the development of geology during the twentieth century. The main objective of this historical research is to explore how Wegener's hypothesis about the origin of continents and oceans influenced Portuguese and Spanish science textbooks published in the twentieth century. For this purpose, a qualitative method based on the Chevallard's concept of didactic transposition was used. The didactic transposition of the fundamentals of continental drift, including displacements forces and geographical, geophysical, geological, paleontological, biological, and paleoclimatic arguments used by Wegener to support this hypothesis, was studied in a comprehensive sample of twenty science textbooks published after the publication of Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane (Wegener 1915). The analysis of textbooks shows that the didactic transposition of continental drift was commonly present in Portuguese and Spanish textbooks beginning in the 1930s, although, with different degrees of development. Science textbooks since the 1950s presented the displacement forces of sial continental blocks proposed by Wegener, namely the centrifugal force of Earth's rotation and the attractive gravitational force that results from the interaction of the earth with the moon and sun. The geographical, geological, paleontological and biological arguments supporting continental drift were commonly addressed in many science textbooks, followed by the paleoclimatic arguments. The geophysical arguments were briefly addressed in only two textbooks. Many Portuguese and Spanish textbooks also presented critiques of Wegener's work, mainly focused on the lack of explanation for the origin and nature of forces that could move continents at the Earth's surface.

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