Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Gibraltar Arc"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Gibraltar Arc":
PERRI, FRANCESCO. "Reconstructing chemical weathering during the Lower Mesozoic in the Western-Central Mediterranean area: a review of geochemical proxies". Geological Magazine 155, n. 4 (9 gennaio 2017): 944–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816001205.
Durand-Delga, Michel. "Geological adventures and misadventures of the Gibraltar Arc". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 157, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2006): 687–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2006/0157-0687.
Salvo Tierra, Ángel Enrique, José C. Báez e Antonio Flores-Moya. "The historical biogeography and conservation value of taxonomic distinctness: The case of ferns flora of the Gibraltar Arc". Botanica Complutensis 45 (14 aprile 2021): e75454. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/bocm.75454.
Morais, I., L. Vinnik, G. Silveira, S. Kiselev e L. Matias. "Mantle beneath the Gibraltar Arc from receiver functions". Geophysical Journal International 200, n. 2 (13 gennaio 2015): 1153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu456.
Santos‐Bueno, Nerea, Carlos Fernández‐García, Daniel Stich, Flor de Lis Mancilla, Rosa Martín, Antonio Molina‐Aguilera e Jose Morales. "Focal Mechanisms for Subcrustal Earthquakes Beneath the Gibraltar Arc". Geophysical Research Letters 46, n. 5 (13 marzo 2019): 2534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gl081587.
Platzman, E. S. "Paleomagnetic rotations and the kinematics of the Gibraltar arc". Geology 20, n. 4 (1992): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0311:pratko>2.3.co;2.
Corsini, M., A. Chalouan e J. Galindo-Zaldivar. "Geodynamics of the Gibraltar Arc and the Alboran Sea region". Journal of Geodynamics 77 (luglio 2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2014.04.005.
Krijgsman, Wout, e Miguel Garces. "Palaeomagnetic constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Gibraltar Arc". Terra Nova 16, n. 5 (ottobre 2004): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2004.00564.x.
Fernández-Ibáñez, F., e J. I. Soto. "Crustal rheology and seismicity in the Gibraltar Arc (western Mediterranean)". Tectonics 27, n. 2 (aprile 2008): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007tc002192.
Crespo-Blanc, Ana, e Dominique Frizon de Lamotte. "Structural evolution of the external zones derived from the Flysch trough and the South Iberian and Maghrebian paleomargins around the Gibraltar arc: a comparative study". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 177, n. 5 (1 settembre 2006): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.177.5.267.
Tesi sul tema "Gibraltar Arc":
Fullea, Urchulutegui Javier. "Development of numerical methods to determine the litospheic structure combining geopetential, litosthatic and heat transport equations. Application to the Gibraltar arc system". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1922.
1) Development of a numerical code to compute Bouguer anomalies from publicly available satellite-derived free air data in both continental and marine areas.
2) Development of a 1D method to calculate a first order lithospheric structure using elevation and geoid anomaly as input data.
3) Development of a 3D interactive code to perform lithospheric forward modelling, integrating SHF, gravity and geoid anomalies, and elevation.
4) Obtain a 3D image of the lithosphere geometry over the study region independent from seismic tomography in order to improve our knowledge of the deep, present day, lithospheric structure of the GAS region, and discuss the different geodynamic models proposed to explain its origin.
FA2BOUG is a FORTRAN 90 code to compute Bouguer anomaly specially intended to work with global elevation and free air data bases (Chapter 3). The program is designed to calculate in both continental and oceanic areas.
Chapter 4 deals with a method based on the combination of elevation and geoid anomaly data that allows for a rapid calculation of the crustal and lithospheric thickness over large regions under the assumption of local isostasy, thermal steady state, linear vertical density gradient for the crust, and temperature dependent mantle density.
Chapter 5 presents GEO3Dmod, a computer program intended to perform interactive 3D lithospheric forward modelling, integrating SHF, elevation, gravity anomaly and geoid anomaly. The program consists of two modules. The first one (GEO3Dmod) resolves the direct problem, i.e. given a lithospheric model (a set of layers with different properties), it calculates the 3D thermal and density structure of the lithosphere and the associated geophysical observables. The second one (GEO3Dmod_INTF) is a graphical interface designed to visualize and modify the lithospheric structure according to the differences between calculated and measured geophysical observables. To test the program, we used a number of synthetic models composed of crust, lithospheric mantle, sea water and asthenosphere.
In Chapter 6 we applied GEO3Dmod to the Gibraltar Arc System region using as initial geometry of the Moho and the LAB the 1D model obtained using elevation and geoid anomaly (Chapter 4). The application of the model to the GAS region yields a crustal and lithospheric structure that coincides fairly well with previous works. The whole Atlas Mountains seem to be affected by lithospheric thinning (60-90 km), but this feature is more conspicuous in its southern part, the Anti Atlas Variscan domain, and to the north, in the Middle Atlas. The eastern branch of the Atlas does not seem to be much affected by this lithospheric thinning. The strongest LAB topography gradients are present in the northern, southern and eastern limits of the thick lithosphere imaged beneath the Gulf of Cadiz, the Betics and the Rif (170-210 km). These regions coincide with the contact between the Iberian Variscan Massif and the Betic chain in the north, the contact between the Middle Atlas and the external Rif domain to the south, and the contact between the Betic-Rif orogen and the Alboran Basin to the east. The rough topography of the LAB suggests that the mantle contribution to the isostatic balance is not negligible, as confirmed by the isostatic residual anomaly map calculated for the GAS region. The presence of the SW-NE oriented zone of lithospheric thinning affecting the High, Anti and Middle Atlas and extending to the eastern Alboran Basin, as well as the parallel thick lithosphere zone extending along the western Betics, eastern Rif, Rharb Basin, and Gulf of Cadiz, put severe constraints on the proposed geodynamic models. Slab tear and asymmetric roll-back could be a plausible mechanism to explain the lithospheric thickening, whereas lateral asthenospheric flow would cause the lithosphere thinning. An alternative mechanism responsible for the lithospheric thinning could be the presence of a hot magmatic reservoir derived from a deep ancient plume centred in the Canary Island, and extending as far as Central Europe.
El, Bakili Asmae. "Evolution tectono-metamorphique et chronologique des unités métamorphiques du Rif interne (Beni Bousera, Nord du Maroc)". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4034.
Located at the extreme tip of the western Mediterranean, the Betic-Rif orogenic system is built through a complex alpine orogenic history involving processes of subduction related to convergence between Africa and Eurasia since the Cretaceous. A remarkable discovery during the last four decades of geological investigations, has been the remains of a variscan event in the internal zones of the belt. These results underline the presence of two superimposed orogenic systems, the internal zones of the belt thus remain a privileged area to study the importance of the structural and the metamorphic heritage in the partial or total reactivation by the most recent events. This work is located in the Beni Bousera sector, where crustal and mantle rocks that form the innermost units of the chain are exposed. Based on structural and petrological analyses, U-Th-Pb dating on monazite and 40Ar-39Ar dating on micas and amphiboles. The history of the Betic-Rif belt can be summarized as it follows: 1) a HP-HT event affects the base of the internal domain at around 281 ± 3 Ma. These new petrological and geochronological data obtained in the internal Rif, are correlated with the Betics, the Kabyle, the Edough massif of Algeria, the Mauritanian, and the Appalachian belts, attesting a convergent domain during the late Carboniferous – early Permian. All of these orogenic segments are part of the North African Variscides built at the north-western margin of Gondwana in response to convergence between the later and Laurentia. 2) at around 29-26 Ma, a Barrovian to Abukuma metamorphic event affects the Sebtides (the innermost units of the chain) and interpreted as the evolution of the upper plate of a subduction zone. This alpine event is typically characterized by a prograde metamorphic path marked by heating affecting the base of the Sebtides between 26 to 22 Ma, such conditions reflect thinning and heating of the crust related to the asthenosphere upwelling due to slab roll-back. This event marks the beginning of a major extensive event. 3) In the Miocene around 22-20 Ma, the internal zones are affected by an E-W extension contemporary to the opening of the Alboran Basin in a back-arc context, and the intrusion of granitic dykes into the peridotites and crustal metamorphic units, the exhumation of the Sebtides was complete at this time. 4) From early to middle Miocène, the Betic-Rif belt acquired its arcuate geometry (the Gibraltar Arc) during the collision between the Internal and the external zones, attested by de NE-SW to E-W shortening phases across the arc. 5) more lately prior to Pliocene, the Gibraltar arc was subjected to contractional possess related to a N-S shortening phase, which drastically altered its geometry
Caparroy, Benjamin. "Géographie et morphologie des lieux sacrés maritimes dans le détroit de Gibraltar, du VIe siècle a.C. au Ier siècle p.C". Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU1045/document.
This work deals with the localisation and functions of the Punic sacred places located at the strait of Gibraltar. The main purpose of this PHD is to discuss the links between those sacred spaces and navigation in this special part of the Mediterranean antique world. Using ancient writers’ quotes, talking about consecrated places on the shore of the south of Spain and the north of Morocco, we shall try and reveal a part of the sacred landscape that sailors and sea-sellers used to frequent. Many sites that have been excavated can be linked to a religious function (temple, sacred areas, holy caves or springs), we aim at discussing the evolution of those sites and the place they have in shore navigations and ports of trade
Este trabajo de tesis se centra en la localización y las funciones de los lugares sagrados púnicos del estrecho de Gibraltar. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es de describir los vínculos que existen entre estos espacios consagrados del litoral y la navegación en la zona del estrecho. Utilizando principalmente las referencias proporcionadas por los autores antiguos y los datos arqueológicos recuperados en las excavaciones de ambas orillas del estrecho (Andalucía, Algarve, Norte de Marruecos), intentamos describir, dibujar de la forma mas precisa posible el paisaje sagrado que los navegantes y comerciantes de esa época conocían. Varios de los sitios excavados tienen una función religiosa (templos, áreas sagradas, cuevas-santuario, fuentes consagradas), el objetivo del trabajo nuestro es presentar una síntesis de estos sitios, describiendo su evolución y el papel que ocupaban en las navegaciones costeras y en la red de puertos del estrecho
Flinch, Joan Francese. "Tectonic evolution of the Gibraltar Arc". Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16726.
Duarte, João C. "Tectonics of the Gulf of Cadiz : the role of the Gibraltar Arc in the reactivation of the SW Iberia Margin". Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/4968.
The process of spontaneous subduction initiation at passive margins plays a central role in the plate tectonics theory, in particular in the Wilson Cycle paradigmatic concept, which states that oceans form, evolve and finally close. The Wilson Cycle requires that after a certain time of oceanic drifting passive margins are reactivated and subduction initiates. However, the process of transformation of passive continental margins into active continental margins with subduction zones is still far from understood, and spontaneous transition examples between these two types of margins are not known. In addition, recent works based on theoretical calculations and physical modeling showed that it is mechanically unfeasible to form a new subduction system in isolation from an already existing one, i.e. spontaneous subduction initiation. One way to solve this problem is to consider that subduction initiation may generally be induced by the proximity of another subduction zone or by stress transference from a nearby collision belt, i.e. induced subduction initiation. Therefore, passive margins in the proximity of pre-existing subduction zones would represent preferential sites for the formation of new subduction zones. In this work, the Gibraltar Arc and the Southwest Iberia Margin are used as case studies to investigate the role that the orogenic arcs may have in the formation of new subduction systems at passive margins. The Atlantic margins are generally described as the typical case of passive margins, often termed Atlantic type margins. However, there are at least two regions where the Atlantic oceanic lithosphere is being consumed in subduction zones: in the Scotia and in the Lesser Antilles arcs (in the Southwestern and central West Atlantic, respectively). These subduction zones seem to have been transferred from the Eastern Pacific ocean to the Atlantic domain and potentially represent precursors to a system of convergent zones that might ultimately result in the closure of the Atlantic Ocean. However, in these two systems the oceanic lithosphere has been subducted since at least the Early Cenozoic, without lateral propagation of the subduction zones along the adjacent Atlantic passive margins. The Gulf of Cadiz, i.e. the foreland of the Gibraltar orogenic arc, has been proposed as a potential locus for a subduction zone to propagate into the open Atlantic. On the other hand, the proximity of the Gibraltar collision belt to the Southwest Iberia Margin, together with the existing overall convergence between II Africa and Iberia, induces compressive stresses that, in association with the existence of more than 100 km long active thrusts (e.g. Horseshoe Fault and Gorringe Bank), make this margin a strong candidate for the nucleation of a new subduction zone. In order to better evaluate the post-Miocene tectonics and the main tectonic driving mechanism operating in the Gulf of Cadiz an up-to-date tectonic map of this area was produced. This map was based on the coupled analysis of a multi-survey MCS dataset and the recently compiled high resolution bathymetry dataset (the SWIM bathymetry). The mapping revealed the existence of three main systems of tectonic structures: i) the subduction-related Gulf of Cadiz Accretionary Wedge (CGAW); ii) a set of WNW-ESE striking dextral strike-slip faults (the SWIM fault system); and iii) a group of NE-SW striking northwest-directed thrusts located in the Southwest Iberia Margin (the NE-SW thrust system). The subduction-related accretionary wedge (GCAW) is materialized on the seafloor by a west dipping U-shaped surface and consists in an eastward thickening pile of westwards thrusted sediments. There are evidences that this thrust wedge is active and propagating westward. The SWIM fault system is a group of WNW-ESE striking subvertical strike-slip faults extending from the eastern part of the Gulf of Cadiz, i.e. the northwest Moroccan shelf, to the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain. These faults were interpreted in this work as the Present day dextral reactivation of the old Mesozoic Tethyan plate boundary. The NE-SW striking thrust system is a group northwest directed thrusts located along the Southwest Iberia Margin, comprising the Horseshoe fault, the Marquês de Pombal fault, the Tagus Abyssal Plain fault and the Gorringe northern thrust. This NESW thrust system seems to be the result of the migration of the deformation, in the Pliocene-Quaternary, from the realm of the Gibraltar wedge to the west (onto the Horseshoe fault region) and to the north along the West Portuguese Margin. These structures may be the expression of a new compressive deformation front. Besides these three tectonic systems, other important structures were also promptly recognized such as the ENE-WSW to E-W striking system of thrusts (e.g. the Portimão pop-up and the Coral Patch Ridge), related with the overall Cenozoic NubiaIII Iberia N-S convergence, and NE-SW striking Cadiz fault, a dextral strike-slip fault that probably accommodates part the westward movement of the Gibraltar Arc. The analysis of the multibeam bathymetry data from the northwestern part of the Gulf of Cadiz also revealed the existence of several intriguing kilometric crescentic depressions lying at depths between -4300 m and -4700 m, never before reported to occur at such great depths in the scientific literature. These features are located in the Horseshoe Valley between two major tectonic structures: the GCAW and the Horseshoe fault. Morphological parameterization of these features, coupled with detailed analysis of multi-channel and middle resolution seismic profiles, showed that these crescentshaped features were formed due to the existence of specific interaction between: a) regional active thrusts on top of which most crescentic depressions are carved; and b) tectonically induced scouring comprising localized erosion and simultaneous progradational sedimentation, produced by downslope turbiditic currents. The obtained results also suggest a possible contribution of fluid migration and extrusion processes, such as mud volcanism and associated pockmark formation, besides gravity driven landslides and slumping, in the development of the studied crescentic depressions. The active (mainly blind) thrusts in which the crescentic depressions are carved root in the GCAW décollement layer, to the west of the GCAW deformation front. Therefore, the crescentic depressions are interpreted as the morphological expression of the westward propagation of the deformation related with the GCAW, into the Horseshoe Valley domain. Besides the new produced cartography of the Gulf of Cadiz, the present work also benefited from the instrumental use of analog modeling experiments. Three main different modes of tectonic interference between the SWIM strike-slip fault system (related with the overall Nubia-Iberia convergence) and the GCAW (related with the Gibraltar subduction) were tested through analog sand-box modeling, namely: a) An active accretionary wedge on top of a pre-existent inactive basement fault; b) An active strike-slip fault cutting a previously formed, inactive, accretionary wedge; and c) Simultaneous activity of both the accretionary wedge and the strike-slip fault. The results obtained and the comparison with the natural deformation pattern favor a tectonic evolution comprising two main steps: i) the development of the Gulf of Cadiz Accretionary Wedge on top of inactive, Tethyan-related, basement faults (Middle Miocene to ~1.8 Ma); ii) subsequent reactivation of these basement faults with dextral IV strike-slip motion (~1.8 Ma to Present) simultaneously with continued tectonic accretion in the GCAW. These results exclude the possibility of ongoing active SWIM wrench system cross-cutting an inactive GCAW structure. The results also support a new interpretation of the SWIM wrench system as fundamentally resulting from strikeslip reactivation of an old (Tethyan-related) plate boundary. Detail mapping in the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain also revealed the existence of a new morphotectonic pattern near the intersection (corner zone) of the SWIM 1 fault and the Horseshoe fault. Based on combined analog and numerical experiments this pattern was interpreted as resulting from the (wrench-thrust) tectonic interference between two of the main tectonic systems recognized in the Gulf of Cadiz area: the SWIM faults and the NE-SW thrusts. Finally, the results presented in this work favor a hypothetic scenario in which the Gibraltar subduction is active, but decreasing in activity since the Miocene, at the same time that an incipient subduction zone may be nucleating in the Southwest Iberia Margin. The Gulf of Cadiz may be thus seen as a place where the proximity of a preexistent subduction system could be inducing the formation of a new subduction zone in the Atlantic.
O processo de iniciação espontânea de novas zonas de subducção ao longo de margens passivas tem um papel central na teoria da tectónica de placas, em particular no conceito paradigmático de Ciclo de Wilson, que afirma que os oceanos formam-se, evoluem e finalmente acabam por fechar. O Ciclo de Wilson requer que após um determinado tempo de evolução de um oceano as suas margens passivas sejam reactivadas e que uma nova zona de subducção se inicie. No entanto, o processo de transformação de margens continentais passivas em margens continentais activas com zonas de subducção é praticamente desconhecido, sendo que não se encontra documentado nenhum caso de transição espontânea entre estes dois tipos de margens. Acresce ainda que, trabalhos recentes de modelação numérica e cálculos teóricos mostraram que é fisicamente implausível a formação de novos sistemas de zonas de subducção isolados de zonas de subducção pré-existentes, isto é subducção espontânea. Uma forma de ultrapassar esta inconsistência é considerar que a iniciação de novas zonas de subducção é em geral induzida pela proximidade de outras zonas de subducção ou por compressão induzida a partir de um orógeno próximo, isto é, subducção induzida. Deste modo, as margens passivas próximas de zonas de subducção préexistentes podem ser vistas como os locais preferenciais para a formação de novas zonas de subducção. No presente trabalho, usa-se o Arco de Gibraltar e a Margem Sudoeste Ibérica como casos de estudo na tentativa de abordar a temática do papel que os arcos orogénicos podem ter na formação de novas zonas de subducção ao longo de margens passivas. As margens Atlânticas são geralmente descritas como o caso típico de margens passivas, pelo que estas são comummente denominadas de margens do tipo Atlântico. No entanto, há pelo menos dois locais na Terra onde litosfera oceânica Atlântica é consumida em zonas de subducção: no arco Scotia e no arco das Pequenas Antilhas (no Sudoeste Atlântico e no Atlântico Oeste central, respectivamente). Estes dois casos de zonas de subducção parecem ter sido transferidas do Oceano Pacífico oriental para o domínio Atlântico e podem ser vistos como os precursores do desenvolvimento de um novo limite de placas convergente que poderá em última instancia levar ao fecho do Oceano Atlântico. Porém, a litosfera oceânica tem vindo a ser subductada nestes dois VI sistemas desde pelo menos o Cenozóico inferior, sem ter ocorrido a propagação da subducção ao longo das margens passivas atlânticas adjacentes. O Golfo de Cádis, isto é, a bacia de ante-país do arco orogénico de Gibraltar, tem sido descrito como o terceiro local na Terra onde existe o potencial para uma zona de subducção pré-existente propagar-se para domínio Atlântico. Por outro lado, a proximidade do Arco de Gibraltar em relação à Margem Sudoeste Ibérica, em conjunto com a existência de convergência generalizada entre as placas tectónicas África e Ibéria, induz tensões compressivas nesta margem o que, em associação com a existência de cavalgamentos activos de largura superior a 100 km (por exemplo a Falha da Ferradura e o Banco Gorringe), a tornam numa forte candidata ao processo de nucleação de uma nova zona de subducção. Com o objectivo de melhorar a compreensão da tectónica pós-miocénica e dos principais mecanismos tectónicos forçadores a actuar no Golfo de Cádis foi elaborado um mapa tectónico actualizado à escala do golfo. Este mapa foi preparado com base na análise conjunta de dados de diversas campanhas de sísmica de reflexão multi-canal e de dados de batimetria multi-feixe de alta resolução recentemente compilados (batimetria SWIM). A cartografia mostrou a existência de três sistemas de estruturas tectónicas principais: i) o Prisma Acrecionário do Golfo de Cádis (PAGC); ii) um grupo de falhas de desligamento direito com a direcção WNW-ESE (sistema de falhas SWIM) e; iii) um grupo de cavalgamentos com a direcção NE-SW, vergentes para noroeste, localizados ao longo da Margem Sudoeste Ibérica (sistema de cavalgamentos NE-SW). O prisma acrecionário (PAGC) destaca-se no fundo do mar pela presença de um relevo morfológico positivo em forma de U que consiste na expressão superficial do empilhamento de sedimentos cavalgados para oeste. Este prisma gerou-se como resultado da existência da referida zona de subducção mergulhante para Este sob o Arco de Gibraltar. Existem evidências de que este prisma acrecionário ainda está activo e a propagar-se para oeste. O sistema de falhas SWIM constitui um grupo de falhas de desligamento direito, sub-verticais, que se estendem desde a área mais oriental do Golfo de Cádis, na plataforma continental do noroeste de Marrocos, até à Planície Abissal da Ferradura. Estas falhas foram interpretadas neste trabalho como tendo resultado da reactivação direita da fronteira de placas Mesozóica do Tétis. VII O sistema de cavalgamentos NE-SW é constituído por um grupo de cavalgamentos com direcção NE-SW, vergentes para noroeste localizados ao longo da Margem Sudoeste Ibérica que compreende a falha da Ferradura, a falha do Marquês de Pombal, a falha da Planície Abissal do Tejo e o cavalgamento norte do Gorringe. A deformação pliocénica-quaternária deste sistema é interpretada como a expressão da migração da deformação da frente de deformação do PAGC para oeste (até à zona da falha da Ferradura) e para norte ao longo da Margem Oeste Portuguesa. Estas estruturas parecem corresponder a uma nova frente de deformação compressiva, afastada do Arco de Gibraltar, que eventualmente poderá resultar na nucleação de uma nova zona de subducção na margem Sudoeste da Ibéria. Para além destes três sistemas tectónicos, foram reconhecidas outras estruturas importantes como é o caso dos cavalgamentos com direcção ENE-WSW a E-W (e.g. Banco de Portimão e Crista Coral Patch), relacionados com a convergência N-S generalizada entre as placas Núbia e Ibéria no Cenozóico, e a falha de Cádis que corresponde a um desligamento direito de direcção NE-SW e que acomoda parte do movimento para oeste do Arco de Gibraltar e da deformação limítrofe da margem sul portuguesa. Os dados de batimetria multi-feixe da área noroeste do Golfo de Cádis revelaram ainda a existência de um conjunto de intrigantes depressões em forma de crescente com dimensões quilométricas, localizadas entre os -4300 m e os -4700 m de profundidade. Objectos morfológicos com estas características nunca haviam sido identificados a tão grandes profundidades. Estas depressões estão localizadas no Vale da Ferradura entre duas estruturas tectónicas importantes: o PAGC e a falha da Ferradura. A análise morfológica destas formas, em conjunto com a análise detalhada de perfis de reflexão sísmica multi-canal e de média resolução, revelou que estas estruturas em crescente se formaram como resultado da interacção entre: a) actividade de falhas de cavalgamento que geram degraus tectónicos no topo dos quais os crescentes estão encaixados e b) erosão e re-deposição simultânea de sedimentos produzidos pela acção de correntes de fundo, provavelmente de origem turbidítica, que interagem com estes degraus tectónicos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem também uma contribuição de processos de migração e extrusão de fluidos, como vulcanismo de lama e formação de pockmarks, para além de movimentos de massa, no desenvolvimento das depressões em forma de crescente estudadas. Os cavalgamentos (essencialmente cegos) no topo dos quais os VIII crescentes estão encaixados enraízam ao nível do descolamento basal do PAGC, a oeste da sua frente de deformação morfológica. Deste modo, estas depressões em forma de crescente são também interpretadas como a expressão da migração da deformação relacionada com o PAGC para oeste, em direcção à área do Vale da Ferradura. Para além da nova cartografia tectónica do Golfo de Cádis, sustentada na interpretação de dados de sísmica multi-canal e batimetria multifeixe, este trabalho beneficiou ainda do uso instrumental de modelação análoga. Três modos de interferência tectónica entre o sistema de desligamentos SWIM (relacionado com a convergência generalizada entre a Núbia e a Ibéria) e o PAGC (relacionado com a zona de subducção do Arco de Gibraltar) foram testados através de modelação análoga, usando ”caixas de areia”, compreendendo: a) a formação de um prisma acrecionário sobre uma falha basal inactiva pré-existente; b) a actividade de uma falha de desligamento afectando um prisma acrecionário inactivo previamente formado; e c) a actividade simultânea de um prisma acrecionário e de uma falha de desligamento. Os resultados obtidos e a comparação com o padrão de deformação natural observado favorecem um cenário de evolução tectónica que compreende duas etapas principais: i) o desenvolvimento do PAGC sobre falhas basais inactivas, relacionadas com a abertura do Tétis (entre o Miocénico Médio e os 1,8 Ma); ii) subsequente reactivação destas falhas com movimento de desligamento direito (~1,8 Ma até ao presente) ao mesmo tempo que o PAGC se continuava a desenvolver. Os resultados excluem a possibilidade de existência de um sistema de desligamentos (SWIM) a cortar um prisma acrecionário inactivo (PAGC). Estes resultados suportam ainda uma nova interpretação do sistema SWIM, na qual estes desligamentos resultam fundamentalmente da reactivação direita da antiga fronteira de placas do extremo ocidental do oceano Tétis Alpino. A cartografia detalhada realizada na região da Planície Abissal da Ferradura permitiu também reconhecer um novo padrão morfo-tectónico existente na zona de intersecção (zona de canto) da falha SWIM 1 com a falha da Ferradura. Com base no uso conjunto de modelação análoga e numérica este padrão foi interpretado como tendo resultado da interferência tectónica (desligamento-cavalgamento) entre dois dos principais sistemas tectónicos activos no Golfo de Cádis: as falhas SWIM e os cavalgamentos NE-SW. IX Por último, os resultados apresentados neste trabalho favorecem um cenário tectónico hipotético no qual a actividade da zona de subducção presente sob o Arco de Gibraltar tem vindo a decrescer desde o Miocénico, ao mesmo tempo que uma zona de subducção incipiente poderá estar a desenvolver-se na Margem Sudoeste Ibérica. O Golfo de Cádis pode assim ser visto como um local onde a proximidade de uma zona de subducção pré-existente poderá estar a induzir a formação de uma nova zona de subducção no Atlântico.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, SFRH/BD/31188/2006) e projetos: NEAREST (European Commission); ALMOND (FCT); TOPOEUROPE/0001/2007-TOPOMED (ESF/EUROMARGINS); SWITNAME (FCT); SWIMGLO (FCT); MVSEIS (ESF/EUROMARGINS); SWIM (ESF/EUROMARGINS).
Libri sul tema "Gibraltar Arc":
Ewert, Christian. Von Gibraltar bis zum Ganges: Studien zur islamischen Kunstgeschichte in memoriam Christian Ewert. Berlin: EB-Verlag, 2010.
Bolten, Marion. De Slag bij Gibraltar: Een zeventiende-eeuws schilderij "zonder geldelijke waarde" in het gebouw van de Eerste Kamer. Den Haag: Sdu, 1999.
Pack, Sasha D. The Deepest Border. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503606678.001.0001.
Gibson, Arrell M., e Edwin C. Bearss. Fort Smith: Little Gibraltar on the Arkansas. 2a ed. Univ of Oklahoma Pr, 1988.
1937-, Seshadri T. R., a cura di. Buddha statue: The story that rocked the nation from Raigiri to rock of Gibraltar. Hyderabad: T.R. Seshadri, 1994.
Noyalas, Jonathan A. The Battle of Fisher's Hill: Breaking the Shenandoah Valley's Gibraltar. The History Press, 2013.
Dominy, Graham. Fort Napier. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040047.003.0001.
Buschfeld, Sarah, e Alexander Kautzsch, a cura di. Modelling World Englishes. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445863.001.0001.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Gibraltar Arc":
Jiménez-Bonilla, Alejandro, Manuel Díaz-Azpiroz, Inmaculada Expósito e Juan Carlos Balanyá. "Miocene-Quaternary Strain Partitioning and Relief Segmentation Along the Arcuate Betic Fold-and-Thrust Belt: A Field Trip Along the Western Gibraltar Arc Northern Branch (Southern Spain)". In Structural Geology and Tectonics Field Guidebook — Volume 1, 103–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60143-0_4.
Flinch, Joan F., e Peter R. Vail. "Plio-Pleistocene Sequence Stratigraphy and Tectonics of the Gibraltar Arc". In Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins. SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/pec.98.02.0199.
Pack, Sasha D. "Introduction". In The Deepest Border, 1–18. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503606678.003.0001.
Simpson, Charles. "Gibraltar". In International Trust Disputes, Second Edition. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832737.003.0024.
Gerard, Philip. "Confederate Gibraltar". In The Last Battleground, 278–91. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649566.003.0040.
Karisma, Karisma. "Comparative Review of the Regulatory Framework of Cryptocurrency in Selected Jurisdictions". In Regulatory Aspects of Artificial Intelligence on Blockchain, 82–111. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7927-5.ch005.
Rohling, Eelco, e Ramadan Abu-Zied. "The Marine Environment: Present and Past". In The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268030.003.0012.
Greer, Kirsten A. "Introduction". In Red Coats and Wild Birds, 1–9. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649832.003.0001.
Abulafia, David. "Mare Nostrum – Again, 1918–1945". In The Great Sea. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195323344.003.0047.
Abulafia, David. "Encouragement to Others, 1650–1780". In The Great Sea. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195323344.003.0039.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Gibraltar Arc":
Freire-Gormaly, M., e A. M. Bilton. "Optimization of Renewable Energy Power Systems for Remote Communities". In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47509.