Tesi sul tema "Gini coefficiency"
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Pillay, Nalini Sooknanan. "Using system dynamics to explore gini coefficient parametrics". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9143.
Testo completoModern economies are dependent on a reliable electricity supply for sustaining economic health and development, enabled by adequate energy planning and/or investment in capacity. Identifying drivers such as changes in income distribution that impact electricity demand is thus critical. This project made use of a system dynamics methodology with feedback loops to provide an insightful alternative to the conventional linear statistical empirical approaches such as multiple regression analysis and principal component analysis, generally used to explore the sensitivities of key driving forces which affect income distribution. The system dynamics simulation tool highlighted the direct causal influence of Gini coefficient on residential electricity consumption, by using equations as opposed to correlations. Results show that for a GDP growth rate of 2, by year 2035, a Gini coefficient of 0.5 is linked to a 3.14 increase in residential electricity demand while a Gini coefficient of 0.4 means a 4.73 increase in residential electricity demand. This dynamic is an important consideration for energy planners since government has (and continues to) introduce policies and mechanisms to ensure a more equal income distribution and hence a decrease in Gini coefficient from 0.67 to lower values.
Yusuf, Sulman. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth : The Effect of Gini Coefficient on GNI". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162577.
Testo completoJohnson, Kelly Singleton. "Quantitative Poverty: Relationship Between Poverty Level and Population Size, GDP, and Gini Coefficient". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4455.
Testo completoIsmail, Abdullahi Abdi, e Muna Muse. "The effects of Income Inequality on Economic Growth". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29334.
Testo completoBerhanu, Samuel. "Econometric analysis of household expenditures". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=474.
Testo completoTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 189 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-140).
Misra, Kaustav. "Determinants of Young Adult Poverty: A ZIP Code Level Analysis". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2007. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyagec2007t00616/Thesis_July9.pdf.
Testo completoTitle from document title page (viewed on August 6, 2007). Document formatted into pages; contains: viii, 61 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-59).
Ho, Ki-hiu, e 何其曉. "Extracting real market behavior in complex adaptive systems through minority game". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30163705.
Testo completoCastoe, Minna, e Aalekhya Sanyal. "The Impact of Immigration on Income Inequality : Evidence from Sweden and the United States". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44069.
Testo completoHult, Amanda. "Income inequality and economic growth : An investigation of the OECD countries". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47283.
Testo completoLee, Dylan B. "Occupy This: The Effect of Income Inequality on GDP Per Capita Growth Using Panel Data in the United States from 1963 to 2009". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/311.
Testo completoPlevková, Dana. "Redistribuční aspekty veřejných financí". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4592.
Testo completoPalm, Frida, e Beckerath Maja von. "Skattens effekt på inkomstojämlikhet : En paneldatastudie av sambandet mellan inkomstskatt och inkomstojämlikhet". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388661.
Testo completoDuring the beginning of the 21st century, income inequality has risen in most countries. What has caused this and how it should be solved is well debated. This paper intends to research one of the most well-known instruments to decrease income inequality, income tax. Our aim is to measure what effect income tax has on income inequality. To reach this aim we have applied an instrument variable regression analysis on income tax and income inequality, with Swedish municipalities during the timespan 2003-2017 as our selection group. This study distinguishes itself from previous studies in the area since we have used an instrument variable analysis to exclude the fact that income inequality can affect the level of income tax in a region. We have found significant results that income tax have a negative effect on income inequality and have concluded that a 1 percent increase in income tax will decrease income inequality with 2,08 percent.
Lindell, Mattias. "Income Growth and Income Inequality in Danish Municipalities". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38324.
Testo completoGabidsaschwili, B., e Simon Gelaschwili. "Armut in Georgien". Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1877/.
Testo completoChimboza, Milcent. "The effect of financial development on income inequality in Africa : Looking for a needle in a haystack?" Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27141.
Testo completoŠevčík, Zdeněk. "Finanční situace domácností". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199908.
Testo completoJedlička, Roman. "Effect of income inequality on quality of tertiary education: Should professors from Cambridge thank to Robin Hood?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194206.
Testo completoStewart, Ross King. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth: The Case of India". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117362.
Testo completoEl entorno económico de la India ha cambiado significativamente a partir de su independencia de Gran Bretaña en el año 1947. Después de más de tres décadas de crecimiento económico mediocre, los 80 marcó el comienzo de una nueva etapa de altas tasas de crecimiento económico a partir de nuevas políticas económicas más orientadas a una más competitiva economía de mercado. A pesar de la mejora en tasas de crecimiento, dicho modelo de crecimiento se basaba en gran medida en un gran protagonismo por parte del gasto público, lo que precipitó la crisis financiera de 1991. Como resultado de dicha crisis, y la asistencia proporcionada por el FMI se introdujeron reformas desreguladoras y liberalizadoras. La década de los 90 fue acompañada de tasas de crecimiento aún más altas que la década anterior. En la década más reciente, los 2000, la apertura estable de la economía India ha permitido tasas de crecimiento más altas que en las décadas anteriores. Desafortunadamente, este gran crecimiento económico ha ido acompañado con un aumento importante de los niveles de desigualdad de ingreso durante este mismo periodo, tanto a nivel nacional como entre los estados que forman parte de la India. Esta tesis se concentra en el estudio de la relación entre crecimiento económico y desigualdad del ingreso, tanto a nivel nacional como entre los estados. Dicho proyecto de investigación también incluye cobertura exhaustiva con respecto a la evolución de otras variables macroeconómicas a los dos niveles: nacional e inter-estatal.
India’s economic climate has experienced significant change since its independence from Great Britain in 1947. After more than three decades of mediocre economic growth, the 1980s ushered in a new era of accelerated growth rates by way of promoting a more efficient pro-business model. Despite the improvement in growth rates, the 1980s were fueled by over zealous public spending, precipitating the well-known financial crisis in 1991. As a result of the crisis, and the IMF supplied aid contingent on the introduction of gradual deregulatory reforms of the Indian economy, the 1990s brought about even greater economic growth rates than the previous decade. Into the 2000s, India’s continued and steady opening has afforded even further acceleration in growth rates. Despite these positive developments in the Indian economy, the unfortunate truth is that income inequality has likewise been increasing over this same period, most notably across the states. This dissertation endeavors to apply the established macroeconomic field dedicated to the study of income inequality’s effect on economic growth to the case of India, both at the national level and even more critically at the state level. Our research also includes exhaustive coverage regarding the evolution of other relevant macroeconomic variables across states, as well as nationally.
McGuire, Joshua. "Inequality as a determinant of growth in a panel of high income countries". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/584.
Testo completoB.A.
Bachelors
Business Administration
Economics
Holmberg, Isabelle, e Isabel Simon. "Income Inequality and Support for the Populist Radical-Right : A panel data study of the Gini coefficient and the support for the Sweden Democrats covering the election years from 2002 to 2014". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415274.
Testo completoMcHargue, Susan L. (Susan Layne). "A Comparison of Permanent and Measured Income Inequality". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500812/.
Testo completoLien, Oskarsson Mathias. "A game of wealth inequality : A Monte Carlo simulation of wealth inequality using Monopoly". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385498.
Testo completoBeldíková, Michaela. "Redistribuce příjmů a měření příjmové nerovnosti v České republice". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76775.
Testo completoKrčma, Matěj. "Trade openness and income inequality in Eastern Europe". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196991.
Testo completoSjölin, Carin. "The impact of governance on inequality : An empirical study". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31304.
Testo completoFernandes, Ivan Filipe de Almeida Lopes. "A democracia reduz a desigualdade econômica?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-18032015-113901/.
Testo completoThe primary aim of this study is to analyze whether democracy is a political institution that produces less unequal economic outcomes than authoritarian regimes. The importance of this issue lies in the fact that the very promotion of democracy in the international political agenda has become essential for many reasons, including its supposed propensity to reduce economic disparities. First, at Chapter 1 we overview the theoretical and empirical discussion from which we find that despite the common sense that democracy must be related to a more egalitarian citizenship, its effects on inequality is still debatable. Even with a reasonable theoretical consensus that democracies must somehow produce a better distribution of goods; the empirical results are inconclusive and contradictory. After that, facing such empirical impasse, we propose at Chapter 2 a reformulation about the rationale to explain and analyze the effects of democracy on inequality. The main contribution of this thesis lies in both the theoretical and the empirical claim that these effects are heterogeneous and should interact with the level of inequality and, therefore, the assumption that these effects are homogeneous and independent of the socio-economic context of inequality is wrong. In Chapter 3, we present the data and concepts of democracy and inequality. We assume that democracy is characterized as a political regime in which leaders compete through elections and we test whether the effects vary along the distribution of economic inequality measured by the Gini coefficient. To do that, we conducted a series of quantile regression models, appropriate to evaluate the alternative hypothesis whether the effects are heterogeneous or homogenous. The theoretical argument, from which we elaborate the hypothesis of heterogeneous effects, refers to the need for a convergence between the electoral interests of the parties - the supply side - and the political cleavages on which a majority of voters have potential interest being played - the demand side for other public policies and platforms. Hence, it is necessary to discuss the conditions that lead the political leadership to use the problem of economic 11 inequality as an electoral argument and the conditions under which a demand by citizens for redistribution via state action rises. Only at the most unequal societies the political parties have an interest in offering redistributive policies, as well as there is a higher propensity for a redistribution demand by a majority of voters. In Chapter 4, we proved empirically that the effects of democratic competition at more unequal societies are different from the effects of democracy in more equal societies; and these effects tend to be greater toward inequality reduction only at more unequal societies. These results are robust to different statistical model specifications, data and measurement methods, about both democracy and inequality, and to the use of different time horizons. Even when we extend the time frame of the analysis to the period before World War II - using new data that covers XIX century, the veracity of the hypotheses about the heterogeneous effects and that these effects of democracy toward the reduction of inequality are larger at the most unequal societies remains intact. Finally, beyond this theoretical and empirical issue of crucial importance, we also control the analysis for potential reciprocal relationship between democracy and inequality. This is because while much of the literature discusses the potential effects of egalitarian democracy, another important literature debate discusses whether greater inequality increases or reduces the probability of a country become or remain democratic. Hence, we present a list of valid instrumental variables to estimate the effects of democracy on inequality independent of the relationship between inequality and democracy
Krozer, Alice. "Inequality in perspective : rethinking inequality measurement, minimum wages and elites in Mexico". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290078.
Testo completoForslind, Fanni. "The Effect of Immigration on Income Distribution : A Comparative Study of Ordinary Least Squares and Beta Regression". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-433098.
Testo completoPereira, Marcelo Alves. "Dilema do prisioneiro contínuo com agentes racionais e classificadores de cooperação". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-08012013-222525/.
Testo completoPrisoner\'s dilemma (PD) is one of the main games of game theory. In discrete prisoner\'s dilemma (DPD), two prisoners have the options to cooperate or to defect. A cooperator player does not defect his accomplice, while a defector does. If one player cooperates and the other defects, the cooperator gets jailed for five years and the defector goes free. If both cooperate, they get jailed during one year and if both defect, they get jailed during three years. When this game is repeated, cooperation may emerge among selfish individuals. We perform an analytical study for the DPD, that produced a formulation for the evolution of the mean cooperation level and for the critical temptation values (temptation values that promote abrupt modifications in the cooperation level). In continuous prisoner\'s dilemma (CPD), each player has a level of cooperation that defines his/her degree of cooperation. We used the CPD to study the effect of the players\' personality on the emergence of cooperation. For this, we propose new strategies: one based on the players\' personality and two others based on the comparison between the player\'s obtained payoff and the desire one. All strategies present some mechanism that copies the state of the neighbor with the highest payoff in the neighborhood, mechanism inherited from the Darwinian strategy. The results showed that the CPD increases the average cooperation level of the system when compared to DPD. However, different strategies do not increased the cooperation compared to cooperation obtained with the Darwinian strategy. So, we propose the use of cluster coefficient, Gini coefficient and entropy of Shannon, Tsallis and Kullback-Leibler as classifiers to classify systems, in which the individuals play DPD with Darwinian strategy, by the cooperation level. As configurational averages were analyzed, such classifiers were not efficient in classifying the systems. This is due to the existence of distributions with extreme values of the results that compose the means. Distributions with extremes values emerged a discussion about the definition of the cooperation state in the prisoner\'s dilemma. We also discussed the consequences of using only average results in the analysis ignoring their deviations and distributions.
Makalima, Babalwa. "A critical assessment of the role of women in the implementation of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) exercise in Western Cape 2007". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5351_1307525332.
Testo completoThis study seeks to assess the level of women&rsquo
s participation and involvement in the promotion of effective governance during the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) implementation exercise in 2007, which was endorsed by the APRM Western Cape Province. The interest of the study arises from the concept of &lsquo
good governance&rsquo
and how the implementation of such a concept is carried out in the rendering of public services, specifically the role of women in rendering public service in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.
Trávníčková, Jana. "Komparace redistribuce příjmů prostřednictvím dávek státní sociální podpory v České republice a Velké Británii". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72724.
Testo completoHanusek, Lubomír. "Míry kvality klasifikačních modelů a jejich převod". Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2003. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77091.
Testo completoHrubanová, Adéla. "Komparace daňové zátěže zaměstnanců v ČR a v Belgii". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263834.
Testo completoKrčmářová, Simona. "Komparace daňové zátěže zaměstnanců v ČR a v Rakousku". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201848.
Testo completoBuček, Jan. "Komparace daňové zátěže zaměstnanců v ČR a v USA". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263884.
Testo completoMokoena, Temeki Daniel. "A critical analysis of community-driven development projects aimed at poverty alleviation in Evaton West / by Temeki Daniel Mokoena". Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2416.
Testo completoKřivanová, Jana. "Komparace daňové zátěže zaměstnanců v ČR a v Irsku". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201871.
Testo completoMetzger-Schuhäker, Heidi. "Tasks for tests and A-levels using CAS". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-80669.
Testo completoČíž, Bronislav. "Progresivita daně z příjmů". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5231.
Testo completoMalá, Hana. "Zdanění příjmů ze závislé činnosti v České republice a v Německu". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262337.
Testo completoKohoutová, Kateřina. "Efektivní zdanění práce v ČR a na Slovensku". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197797.
Testo completoŠtáhl, Jiří. "Komparace daňové zátěže zaměstnanců v ČR a ve Švédsku". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264184.
Testo completoHarmse, Liana. "South Africa’s Gini coefficient: causes, consequences and possible responses". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40181.
Testo completoDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
pagibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
Harmse, Liana. "South Africa’s Gini coefficient : causes, consequences and possible responses". Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/39739.
Testo completoDissertation (MBA)--Gordon Institute of Business Science, 2013
mn2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
Hoque, Ahmed. "On estimating variances for Gini coefficients with complex surveys: theory and application". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7582.
Testo completoGraduate
0534
0501
0463
aahoque@gmail.com
YI, WU PEI, e 吳佩宜. "Measuring the Extent toward Ward Specialization for hospitals Using Gini Coefficient Calculation Method". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nusxq2.
Testo completo嘉南藥理大學
醫務管理系
104
Objective: The aim of this study is using Gini coefficient to calculate the Extent Toward Ward Specialization (ETWS) in hospitals for improving nursing care quality and reducing nurse’s work loadings and depression. Methods: We collected data of the inpatient healthcare reimbursement claim from July to December, 2015 in four southern Taiwan hospitals. Extreme data in terms of days of stay length less than 3 days and over 30 days were excluded in this study. The eligible sample (case) size was 32,320 hospitalized in 53 hospital wards. The Gini coefficient was applied to calculate the ETWS. One way ANOVA statistical method was used to investigate differences among different level hospitals and different wards. Results: We found that the following results: 1. the special wards earn significantly higher ETWS than those regular wards(F=31.65, p< 0.001), 2. no significant difference was found(F=2.63,p=0.061)regarding in ETWS among different level hospitals, and 3.The ETWS is negatively associated with the occupancy rate of hospital beds with a significant correlation coefficient at -0.40 (t=-2.31, p<0.05). Conclusion: An objective assessment tool in use for ETWS is required to guarantee the nursing care quality in healthcare sectors through continuous evaluation and improvement in hospital management.
LIN, CHANG-YAO, e 林昌燿. "Applying Gini Coefficient to Measure Stock Concentration:Construction of Taiwan Securities Market Trading Strategy". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92rv4t.
Testo completo國立臺灣科技大學
財務金融研究所
105
Gini coefficient is a way to measure the degree of stock concentration. In economics, it is usually used to measure the dispersion of income distribution. This thesis uses Gini coefficient to calculate stock concentration from all the transactions in Taiwan stock market. Analyses of basic regression model and more advanced vector auto-regression (VAR) model were carried out to capture the relation between stock concentration and stock price for the sample stocks. Through the co-integration analysis, we explore whether there is a connection between the stock price movement and its cumulative Gini coefficient. Based on the relations observed from preceding analysis, we develop our trading models for the individual constituent stocks from popular ETFs in Taiwan stock market. The back testing results show that the trading strategies based on our models perform better than the Taiwan stock market index as well as the related ETFs.
Wu, Chen-Yu, e 吳承育. "Apply Gini Coefficient to Analyze the Deviation of Test Scorefor Specialist Subject in Electrical Engineering". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jrk5n7.
Testo completo建國科技大學
電機工程系暨研究所
107
Evaluation of student learning effect has tended to focus on test score. Statistical analysis is based mainly on mean value and standard deviation. Such analysis, however, is likely to generate different result, thus leading to different decision and leaving room for criticism. This fact can cause a lot of trouble to teaching strategy. According to empirical observations, student test score is subject to a variety of affecting factors. A better in-depth understanding and quantification method of test score can produce different result and therefore benefit teachers’ instructional method. The present study implements the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient to analysis of student test score. It aims to understand instructional deviation based on relative values obtained from teachers’ actual mathematical analysis. The data analysis is based on the test scores of two courses including engineering mathematics and cosmetics physics. The Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient are employed for mathematical computing. An analysis model related to engineering is thus generated. Teachers can refer to this study in their adjustment of instructional strategy.
Santos, Joyce Oliveira. "A desigualdade de rendimentos na União Europeia (2007-2017)". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94558.
Testo completoO estudo da desigualdade esteve durante décadas arredado das principais preocupações da economia e dos economistas. Até aos anos oitenta, as desigualdades eram assumidas como naturais nos países ricos, muito por influência dos estudos empíricos de Simon Kuznets. Porém, as últimas três décadas e a crise financeira de 2007 parecem provar que a teoria de Kuznets não estava certa e a desigualdade de rendimento nos países ricos tem vindo a aumentar. Se esta desigualdade na Europa já era um problema antes da crise, tornou-se ainda mais central depois de 2007, sobretudo com as políticas de austeridade e de equilíbrio orçamental que se seguiram. Neste contexto, o principal desiderato do nosso trabalho para por analisar, no período 2007-2017, como evoluíram as desigualdades nos países que integram a União Europeia no pós-crise de 2007. Para tal foi analisado o Produto Interno Bruto per capita (pps), a proporção da população que possuí ensino secundário ou pós-secundário, as despesas em proteção social, o grau de abertura da economia (globalização) e foi criada uma variável dummy para representar a crise financeira e seu impacto direto na desigualdade. Para uma melhor compreensão da evolução das desigualdades neste período, comparámos a tendência deste fenómeno no período imediatamente anterior à crise (2000-2007) e dividimos o painel de países em grupos, utilizando a metodologia de quartis, tendo por base o PIB per capita em paridade poder de compra padrão (pps). As conclusões retiradas, através das análises empíricas e das estimações realizadas com o modelo de dados em painel com efeito fixo, é que de facto a crise de 2007/08 teve efeitos sobre a desigualdade na União Europeia, mostrando também que os seus efeitos foram diferentes entre os países que a integram.
The study of inequality has for decades been far away from the main concerns of economics and economists. Until the 80’s, inequalities were assumed to be natural in rich countries, mainly influenced by Simon Kuznets' empirical studies. However, the last three decades and the financial crisis of 2007 seem to prove that Kuznets's theory was not right and income inequality in rich countries has been increasing. If this inequality in Europe had already been a problem before the crisis, it became even more fundamental after 2007, especially with the austerity and budgetary balance policies that followed. In this context, the main objective of our work is to analyse, in the period 2007-2017, how the inequalities in the countries that belong to the European Union evolved after the 2007 crisis. For this purpose, the following themes were analysed: Gross Domestic Product per capita (pps); proportion of the population with secondary or post-secondary education; social protection expenditure; degree of openness of the economy (globalization) and a dummy variable was created to represent the financial crisis and its direct impact on inequality. For a better understanding of the evolution of inequalities in this period, we compared this phenomenon’s trend in the period immediately before the crisis (2000-2007) and divided the panel of countries into groups, using the quartiles methodology, based on GDP per capita in parity with the purchasing power standard (pps). The conclusions that were drawn from the empirical analyses and from estimations made using the fixed-effect panel data model indicated that in fact the crisis of 2007/08 had an impact on inequality in the European Union, and it has also shown that its effects were different among its member states.
"A Change Is Going to Come: A Complex Systems Approach to the Emergence of Social Complexity on Cyprus". Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.46356.
Testo completoDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2017