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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Grapevine yellows disease"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 6 febbraio 2022

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1

Zambon, Yuri, Alessandro Canel, Assunta Bertaccini, and Nicoletta Contaldo. "Molecular Diversity of Phytoplasmas Associated with Grapevine Yellows Disease in North-Eastern Italy." Phytopathology® 108, no. 2 (February 2018): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-17-0253-r.

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A 3-year survey was conducted in Northern Italy to verify the presence and diversity of phytoplasmas in selected vineyards showing symptoms of severe yellows. Symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines were sampled, and insects were collected using yellow sticky traps. The phytoplasmas detected in grapevine samples were different according to the years: “flavescence dorée” (16SrV-C/D) was detected together with other phytoplasmas such as 16SrXII-A (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’-related, bois noir), 16SrI-B (‘Ca. P. asteris’-related, aster yellows), 16SrX-B (‘Ca. P. prunorum’-related, European s

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2

Gajardo, A., N. Fiore, S. Prodan, S. Paltrinieri, S. Botti, A. M. Pino, A. Zamorano, J. Montealegre, and A. Bertaccini. "Phytoplasmas Associated with Grapevine Yellows Disease in Chile." Plant Disease 93, no. 8 (August 2009): 789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-8-0789.

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An extensive survey was performed from 2002 to 2006 to detect and identify phytoplasmas associated with Chilean grapevines. Nested polymerase chain reaction assays using phytoplasma universal primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R2 detected phytoplasmas in 34 out of the 94 samples tested (36%). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses, cloning, and sequencing allowed identification of phytoplasmas belonging to ribosomal subgroups 16SrI-B, 16SrI-C, 16SrVII-A, and 16SrXII-A. The 16SrVII-A phytoplasma represents a new finding in grapevine; moreover, variability of the RFLP profile was ob

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3

Constable, F. E., J. R. Whiting, J. Jones, K. S. Gibb, and R. H. Symons. "The Distribution of Grapevine Yellows Disease Associated with the Buckland Valley Grapevine Yellows Phytoplasma." Journal of Phytopathology 151, no. 2 (February 2003): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.2003.00681.x.

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4

Iasur-Kruh, Lilach, Tirtza Zahavi, Roni Barkai, Shiri Freilich, Einat Zchori-Fein, and Vered Naor. "Dyella-Like Bacterium Isolated from an Insect as a Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Grapevine Yellows." Phytopathology® 108, no. 3 (March 2018): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-17-0199-r.

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Yellows diseases, caused by phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Phytoplasma, are a major threat to grapevines worldwide. Because conventional applications against this pathogen are inefficient and disease management is highly challenging, the use of beneficial bacteria has been suggested as a biocontrol solution. A Dyella-like bacterium (DLB), isolated from the Israeli insect vector of grapevine yellows (Hyalesthes obsoletus), was suggested to be an endophyte. To test this hypothesis, the bacterium was introduced by spraying the plant leaves, and it had no apparent phytotoxicity to grapevine

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5

Davis, Robert E., Ellen L. Dally, Yan Zhao, and Tony K. Wolf. "Genotyping Points to Divergent Evolution of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ Strains Causing North American Grapevine Yellows and Strains Causing Aster Yellows." Plant Disease 102, no. 9 (September 2018): 1696–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-17-1690-re.

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Grapevine yellows diseases occur in cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) on several continents, where the diseases are known by different names depending upon the identities of the causal phytoplasmas. In this study, phytoplasma strains associated with grapevine yellows disease (North American grapevine yellows [NAGY]) in vineyards of Pennsylvania were characterized as belonging to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene restriction fragment length polymorphism group 16SrI (aster yellows phytoplasma group), subgroup 16SrI-B (I-B), and variant subgroup I-B*. The strains (NAGYI strains) were subjected

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6

Bendel, Nele, Andreas Backhaus, Anna Kicherer, Janine Köckerling, Michael Maixner, Barbara Jarausch, Sandra Biancu, et al. "Detection of Two Different Grapevine Yellows in Vitis vinifera Using Hyperspectral Imaging." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 4151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244151.

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Grapevine yellows (GY) are serious phytoplasma-caused diseases affecting viticultural areas worldwide. At present, two principal agents of GY are known to infest grapevines in Germany: Bois noir (BN) and Palatinate grapevine yellows (PGY). Disease management is mostly based on prophylactic measures as there are no curative in-field treatments available. In this context, sensor-based disease detection could be a useful tool for winegrowers. Therefore, hyperspectral imaging (400–2500 nm) was applied to identify phytoplasma-infected greenhouse plants and shoots collected in the field. Disease det

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7

Magarey, P. A. "Grapevine Yellows, a Widespread, Apparently New Disease in Australia." Plant Disease 70, no. 7 (1986): 694d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-70-694d.

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8

Welser, Mary Jean, and Martin C. Goffinet. "COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF YELLOWS-INFECTED `CHARDONNAY' GRAPEVINES IN NEW YORK STATE, VIRGINIA, AND SOUTH AUSTRALIA." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 495D—495. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.495d.

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Grapevine yellows is a destructive, worldwide disease of grapevines that is caused by a phytoplasma, a bacterium-like organism that infects and disrupts the vascular system of shoots. The North American form of grapevine yellows (NAGY) has been observed in New York State since the mid-1970s and in Virginia since the mid-1990s. Symptoms duplicate those of vines suffering from an Australian disease complex known as Australian grapevine yellows (AGY). We sought to determine if infected `Chardonnay' vines have common anatomical characteristics across the three regions. At each geographic site in l

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9

Klejdysz, Tomasz, Agnieszka Zwolińska, Marcin Walczak, and Michał Kobiałka. "The first record of a potential pest Orientus ishidae (Matsumura, 1902) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Poland." Journal of Plant Protection Research 57, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2017-0014.

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Abstract This study provides the first data on the occurrence of the mosaic leafhopper Orientus ishidae (Matsumura, 1902) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Poland. This species is native to Southeast Asia, adventive in Europe and feeds on cultivated plants. Orientus ishidae is a well-known carrier of Grapevine flavescence doree phytoplasma which causes the grapevine yellows disease. Symptoms of phytoplasma diseases of grapevine include deformations, leaf chlorosis and withering of plants. The appearance of this species in Poland might be caused by observed climate variations and insufficient plant

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10

Davis, Robert E., Ellen L. Dally, Yan Zhao, Ing-Ming Lee, Wei Wei, Tony K. Wolf, LeAnn Beanland, et al. "Unraveling the Etiology of North American Grapevine Yellows (NAGY): Novel NAGY Phytoplasma Sequevars Related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’." Plant Disease 99, no. 8 (August 2015): 1087–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-14-1185-re.

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North American grapevine yellows (NAGY) disease has sometimes been attributed to infection of Vitis vinifera L. by Prunus X-disease phytoplasma (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’) but this attribution may not be fully adequate. In this study, phytoplasma strains related to ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pruni’ were found in NAGY-diseased grapevines in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Missouri, and New York State. Based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) sequences, the strains (termed NAGYIII strains) were classified in group 16SrIII (X-disease group

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11

Sharon, Rakefet, Maor Tomer, Tamar Sokolsky, Carmit Sofer-Arad, and Tirtza Zahavi. "Trap plants reduces grapevine yellows disease incidence in commercial vineyards." Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 5, no. 1s (2015): S107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-4677.2015.00045.6.

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12

Pierro, R., A. Passera, A. Panattoni, P. Casati, A. Luvisi, D. Rizzo, P. A. Bianco, F. Quaglino, and A. Materazzi. "Molecular Typing of Bois Noir Phytoplasma Strains in the Chianti Classico Area (Tuscany, Central Italy) and Their Association with Symptom Severity in Vitis vinifera ‘Sangiovese’." Phytopathology® 108, no. 3 (March 2018): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-17-0215-r.

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Bois noir (BN) is the most widespread disease of the grapevine yellows complex in the Euro-Mediterranean area. BN is caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (BNp), transmitted from herbaceous plants to grapevine by polyphagous insect vectors. In this study, genetic diversity among BNp strains and their prevalence and possible association with grapevine symptom severity were investigated in a Sangiovese clone organic vineyard in the Chianti Classico area (Tuscany). Field surveys over 2 years revealed a range of symptom severity on grapevine and an increase of BN incidence. A TaqMan allelic di

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13

Duduk, B., M. Ivanovic, N. Dukic, S. Botti, and A. Bertaccini. "First Report of an Elm Yellows Subgroup 16SrV-C Phytoplasma Infecting Grapevine in Serbia." Plant Disease 87, no. 5 (May 2003): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.5.599c.

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During a 2002 survey in Serbia, samples of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) were collected from plants showing typical phytoplasma-like symptoms: leaf roll, leaf redness, vein chlorosis and necrosis, and absence of lignification. The material was collected from one viticultural region (Zupa Aleksandrovac), where the disease was recorded in 2000 and showed an increasing percentage of symptomatic plants every year. Total nucleic acid was extracted separately from leaf midveins and stem bark collected from 10 symptomatic and 2 asymptomatic plants. Phytoplasma infection was detected using polymerase cha

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14

Osler, R. "Symptom Expression and Disease Occurrence of a Yellows Disease of Grapevine in Northeastern Italy." Plant Disease 77, no. 5 (1993): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-77-0496.

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15

Credi, R. "Mycoplasma–like Organisms Associated with a Grapevine Yellows Disease Occurring in Italy." Journal of Phytopathology 141, no. 2 (June 1994): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb01451.x.

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16

Pierro, Roberto, Alessandra Panattoni, Alessandro Passera, Alberto Materazzi, Andrea Luvisi, Augusto Loni, Marco Ginanni, Andrea Lucchi, Piero Attilio Bianco, and Fabio Quaglino. "Proposal of A New Bois Noir Epidemiological Pattern Related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani’ Strains Characterized by A Possible Moderate Virulence in Tuscany." Pathogens 9, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9040268.

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Bois noir (BN), associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CaPsol), is the most widespread disease of the grapevine yellows complex worldwide. In this work, BN epidemiology was investigated in a case study vineyard where an unusual CaPsol strain, previously detected only in other host plants, was found to be prevalent in grapevine. Experimental activities included: symptom observation; sampling of symptomatic vines, Auchenorrhyncha specimens, and weeds; molecular detection and typing of CaPsol strains; statistical analyses for determining possible relationships between CaPsol relative co

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17

Zambon, Yuri, Nicoletta Contaldo, Romolo Laurita, Alessandro Canel, Matteo Gherardi, Vittorio Colombo, and Assunta Bertaccini. "Plasma activated water as a possible sustainable strategy towards grapevine yellows disease management." Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 9, no. 1 (2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-4677.2019.00082.3.

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18

Maixner, M., U. Ahrens, and E. Seemüller. "Detection of Mycoplasmalike Organisms associated with a Yellows Disease of Grapevine in Germany." Journal of Phytopathology 142, no. 1 (September 1994): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb00001.x.

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19

Prince, James P. "Molecular Detection of Diverse Mycoplasmalike Organisms (MLOs) Associated with Grapevine Yellows and Their Classification with Aster Yellows, X-Disease, and Elm Yellows MLOs." Phytopathology 83, no. 10 (1993): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-83-1130.

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20

Botti, S., and A. Bertaccini. "First Report of Phytoplasmas in Grapevine in South Africa." Plant Disease 90, no. 10 (October 2006): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1360b.

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In April 2006, grapevine plants with typical symptoms of yellows (GY) were observed in some South African vineyards. The affected plants showed premature yellowing or reddening and downward rolling of leaves. In some cases, these symptoms were associated with extensive lack of cane lignification that was undistinguishable from yellows symptoms reported in grapevine in the major viticultural areas of the world. Nucleic acids were extracted separately from 0.1 g of fresh leaf midribs and cane phloem scrapes from three symptomatic and three asymptomatic grapevine plants, cv. Shiraz, and from thre

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21

Salem, N. M., F. Quaglino, A. Abdeen, P. Casati, D. Bulgari, A. Alma, and P. A. Bianco. "First Report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ Strains Associated with Grapevine Bois Noir in Jordan." Plant Disease 97, no. 11 (November 2013): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-13-0428-pdn.

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During a survey carried out in Jordanian vineyards in August and October 2012, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) plants showing typical grapevine yellows (GY) disease symptoms, including leaf discoloration and curling, berry shriveling, and irregular maturation of wood, were observed. In the same vineyards, bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) plants showing stunting and leaf chromatic alteration were found, suggesting the involvement of phytoplasmas in the disease etiology. Using a CTAB method, total DNA was extracted from leaf veins of 25 symptomatic and two asymptomatic grapevines, and from five

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22

Quaglino, F., D. Maghradze, N. Chkhaidze, P. Casati, O. Failla, and P. A. Bianco. "First Report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ and ‘Ca. P. convolvuli’ Associated with Grapevine Bois Noir and Bindweed Yellows, Respectively, in Georgia." Plant Disease 98, no. 8 (August 2014): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-14-0026-pdn.

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A survey carried out in Georgian vineyards, located in the Khaketi region, in September 2013, showed the presence of vines of the cultivar Chardonnay with typical grapevine yellows (GY) symptoms including leaf discoloration and curling, berry shriveling, and irregular maturation of wood. In the same vineyards, bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) plants showing shoot proliferation and leaf yellowing were found, suggesting the involvement of phytoplasmas in the disease etiology. Total DNA was extracted by a CTAB method from leaf veins of 18 symptomatic and two asymptomatic grapevines, and from fo

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23

Johannesen, Jes, Benjamin Lux, Kristina Michel, Alfred Seitz, and Michael Maixner. "Invasion biology and host specificity of the grapevine yellows disease vector Hyalesthes obsoletus in Europe." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 126, no. 3 (March 2008): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00655.x.

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24

Green, Margaret J., Dan A. Thompson, and Donald J. MacKenzie. "Easy and Efficient DNA Extraction from Woody Plants for the Detection of Phytoplasmas by Polymerase Chain Reaction." Plant Disease 83, no. 5 (May 1999): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.5.482.

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A simple and efficient procedure for the extraction of high-quality DNA from phytoplasma-infected woody and herbaceous plants for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection is described. This procedure does not require phenol, chloroform, or alcohol for the precipitation of nucleic acids. Herbaceous and woody plant material are extracted in an identical manner with no additional purification or enrichment steps required. The method utilizes commercially available microspin-column matrices, and the extraction of total DNA can be achieved in less than 1 h. The method has been used to successfully

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25

Engelbrecht, M., J. Joubert, and J. T. Burger. "First Report of Aster Yellows Phytoplasma in Grapevines in South Africa." Plant Disease 94, no. 3 (March 2010): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-3-0373a.

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For many years phytoplasma diseases have caused serious losses in most of the major grape-growing regions of the world, except South Africa, where a mixed phytoplasma infection was first reported in 2006 (1). During the early growing season of 2006, symptoms consistent with phytoplasma disease were observed in vineyards in the Olifants River Valley. Symptoms included yellowing of leaves, incomplete lignification of shoots, shortening of internodes, and the abortion of growth tips and immature bunches. Symptomatic shoots and leaves from grapevine cultivars (Merlot, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, R

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26

Chen, K. H. "Comparison of Monoclonal Antibodies, DNA Probes, and PCR for Detection of the Grapevine Yellows Disease Agent." Phytopathology 83, no. 7 (1993): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-83-915.

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27

Kessler, Sébastien, Santiago Schaerer, Nicolas Delabays, Ted C. J. Turlings, Valeria Trivellone, and Patrik Kehrli. "Host plant preferences of Hyalesthes obsoletus, the vector of the grapevine yellows disease ‘bois noir’, in Switzerland." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 139, no. 1 (March 10, 2011): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01107.x.

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28

IMO, Miriam, Julia LUNEBURG, Thomas HANKELN, Alfred SEITZ, and Jes JOHANNESEN. "Highly polymorphic di- and trinucleotide microsatellite markers for the grapevine yellows disease vector Hyalesthes obsoletus (Auchenorrhyncha: Cixiidae)." European Journal of Entomology 108, no. 1 (January 3, 2011): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2011.019.

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29

Olivier, C. Y., D. T. Lowery, L. W. Stobbs, C. Vincent, B. Galka, J. Saguez, L. Bittner, et al. "First Report of Aster Yellow Phytoplasmas (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’) in Canadian Grapevines." Plant Disease 93, no. 6 (June 2009): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-6-0669a.

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In North America, elm yellows, aster yellows (AY), and X-disease phytoplasmas have been detected in American grapevines (1), and recently, Bois noir was detected in Canadian vineyards from British Columbia (BC) and Ontario (ON) (2). Typical symptoms of grapevine yellows (GY) include leaf rolling and chlorosis, uneven or total lack of lignification of canes, flower abortion or berry withering, and stunting. In 2006 and 2007, independent surveys were conducted by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) to detect phytoplasmas in Canadian vineyards co

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Bianco, P. A., A. Alma, P. Casati, G. Scattini, and A. Arzone. "Transmission of 16SrV phytoplasmas by Scaphoi-deus titanus Ball in northern Italy." Plant Protection Science 37, No. 2 (January 1, 2001): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8365-pps.

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Flavescence dorée (FD) has been defined as the disease that is caused by a phytoplasmas belonging to group 16SrV (elm yellows) and transmitted to plants by the insect Scaphoideus titanus Ball. We investigated transmission of FD agent by S. titanus in a vineyard located in Veneto region to determine which phytoplasma(s) may be transmitted in this region. Group 16SrV-C phytoplasma was detected and identified in field-collected S. titanus adults, in plant of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Gamay) and broadbean (Vicia faba cv. Arlŕ) that had been fed upon by the insects. No evidence of experiment

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Panassiti, Bernd, Michael Breuer, Stacey Marquardt, and Robert Biedermann. "Influence of environment and climate on occurrence of the cixiid planthopperHyalesthes obsoletus, the vector of the grapevine disease ‘bois noir’." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 6 (April 29, 2013): 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000163.

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AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs), which are well established in many fields of biological research, are still uncommon in the agricultural risk analysis of pest insects. To exemplify the use of SDMs, we investigated the influence of environmental factors on the occurrence ofHyalesthes obsoletusSignoret (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). The planthopper is the only known vector of the grapevine yellows disease ‘bois noir’. The study was conducted in 145 locations in the Baden region of southwest Germany. The planthopper was surveyed on host plant patches, consisting of stinging nettle and/or bind

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32

Beanland, LeAnn, Robert Noble, and Tony K. Wolf. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution of North American Grapevine Yellows Disease and of Potential Vectors of the Causal Phytoplasmas in Virginia." Environmental Entomology 35, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225x-35.2.332.

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Ján, Tancik, and Seljak Gabriel. "Occurrence of Scaphoideus titanus Ball and some other Auchenorrhyncha in the vineyards of western Slovakia." Plant Protection Science 53, No. 2 (November 14, 2016): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/40/2016-pps.

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A study of Auchenorrhyncha was carried out in 2014 and 2015 in 7 vineyard plots with different varieties and pest management strategies in the Nitra wine region and Lesser Carpathian wine region in western Slovakia. The aim of this study was to obtain information related to the presence of potential vector insects associated with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas from the Flavescence dorée and Bois noir groups. Insects were collected by sweeping with an entomological net. Thirty species of Auchenorrhyncha were identified as belonging to 6 families. Cicadellidae were the most abundant, comprising

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34

Davis, Robert E. "Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analyses and Dot Hybridizations Distinguish Mycoplasmalike Organisms Associated withFlavescence Doreeand Southern European Grapevine Yellows Disease in Italy." Phytopathology 83, no. 9 (1993): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-83-772.

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35

Lherminier, J., G. Prensier, E. Boudon-Padieu, and A. Caudwell. "Immunolabeling of grapevine flavescence dorée MLO in salivary glands of Euscelidius variegatus: a light and electron microscopy study." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 38, no. 1 (January 1990): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/38.1.2294149.

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Flavescence dorée (FD), a grapevine yellows disease, is caused by a mycoplasma-like organism (MLO). A colloidal gold indirect immunolabeling technique identified MLO in salivary glands of a vector leafhopper, Euscelidius variegatus. After aldehyde fixation, tissue samples were prepared by cryoultramicrotomy or embedding in acrylic resins. Double fixation with aldehydes and osmium retroxide, followed by embedding in epon, was also performed. Thin or semi-thin serial sections were treated with polyclonal anti-FD-MLO rabbit antibodies, then with gold-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG. Labeling was revea

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Arnaud, Guillaume, Sylvie Malembic-Maher, Pascal Salar, Patrick Bonnet, Michael Maixner, Carmine Marcone, Elisabeth Boudon-Padieu, and Xavier Foissac. "Multilocus Sequence Typing Confirms the Close Genetic Interrelatedness of Three Distinct Flavescence Dorï¿½e Phytoplasma Strain Clusters and Group 16SrV Phytoplasmas Infecting Grapevine and Alder in Europe." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 12 (April 27, 2007): 4001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02323-06.

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ABSTRACT Vineyards of southern France and northern Italy are affected by the flavescence dorï¿½e (FD) phytoplasma, a quarantine pathogen transmitted by the leafhopper of Nearctic origin Scaphoideus titanus. To better trace propagation of FD strains and identify possible passage between the vineyard and wild plant compartments, molecular typing of phytoplasma strains was applied. The sequences of the two genetic loci map and uvrB-degV, along with the sequence of the secY gene, were determined among a collection of FD and FD-related phytoplasmas infecting grapevine, alder, elm, blackberry, and S

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Chen, K. H., and T. A. Chen. "A novel method for cloning DNA of plant-pathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-104.

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A novel method was developed for cloning the DNA from a representative of plant-pathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs). This procedure utilized random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and basic recombinant DNA techniques. It consisted of amplification of total DNA from diseased plants using one oligonucleotide primer with arbitrary sequence and separation of RAPD products in agarose gels. Unique RAPD band(s) of MLO origin was (were) then recovered from the gel and cloned into the specifically designed vector pCRTM II. With this method, a DNA fragment of the SA2 isolate of grapevine yellows

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38

Wei, W., E. Pérez-López, L. Bermúdez-Díaz, R. E. Davis, C. Granda-Wong, and Y. Zhao. "First Report of a New Grapevine Yellows Disease in Peru and its Association With Infection by a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense’-Related Phytoplasma Strain." Plant Disease 101, no. 3 (March 2017): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-16-1152-pdn.

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39

Eichmeier, Aleš, Eliška Peňázová, Jana Čechová, and Akila Berraf-Tebbal. "Survey and Diversity of Grapevine Pinot gris virus in Algeria and Comprehensive High-Throughput Small RNA Sequencing Analysis of Two Isolates from Vitis vinifera cv. Sabel Revealing High Viral Diversity." Genes 11, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11091110.

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Abstract (sommario):

Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) is a putative causal agent of grapevine leaf mottling and deformation disease that has been reported worldwide throughout the grapevine-growing regions. Fifty-four grapevines collected from five Algerian grapevine-growing regions were tested for the presence of GPGV in phloem tissues. Eight of the tested grapevines were infected by GPGV. Viromes of two selected Vitis vinifera cv. Sabel grapevines infected by GPGV and showing virus-like symptoms were analyzed by small RNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses of the partial coding sequence (cds) of the RNA-dependen

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40

Shahryari, F., T. Allahverdipour, and Z. Rabiei. "Phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellows disease in Iran: first report of a 'Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii'-related strain and further finding of a 'Ca. P. solani'-related strain." New Disease Reports 40 (December 2, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2019.040.017.

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41

Naidu, Rayapati, Adib Rowhani, Marc Fuchs, Deborah Golino, and Giovanni P. Martelli. "Grapevine Leafroll: A Complex Viral Disease Affecting a High-Value Fruit Crop." Plant Disease 98, no. 9 (September 2014): 1172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-13-0880-fe.

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Abstract (sommario):

Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most widely grown fruit crops in the world. It is a deciduous woody perennial vine for which the cultivation of domesticated species began approximately 6,000 to 8,000 years ago in the Near East. Grapevines are broadly classified into red- and white-berried cultivars based on their fruit skin color, although yellow, pink, crimson, dark blue, and black-berried cultivars also exist. Grapevines can be subject to attacks by many different pests and pathogens, including graft-transmissible agents such as viruses, viroids, and phytoplasmas. Among the virus and vi

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42

Jović, Jelena, Slavica Marinković, Miljana Jakovljević, Oliver Krstić, Tatjana Cvrković, Milana Mitrović, and Ivo Toševski. "Symptomatology, (Co)occurrence and Differential Diagnostic PCR Identification of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ and ‘Ca. Phytoplasma convolvuli’ in Field Bindweed." Pathogens 10, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020160.

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Abstract (sommario):

Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) is one of the major natural plant hosts and reservoirs of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (‘Ca. P. solani’), the causal agent of plant diseases in diverse agricultural crops, including Bois noir (BN) disease of grapevine. Phylogenetically, the most closely related phytoplasma to ‘Ca. P. solani’, the ‘Ca. P. convolvuli’, induces disease in field bindweed that is known by its symptoms as bindweed yellows (BY). The occurrence, coinfection and symptoms association of the two phytoplasmas in shared host plants were the subject of this study. Specific primers fo

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43

Schneider, B., A. Padovan, S. De La Rue, R. Eichner, R. Davis, A. Bernuetz, and K. Gibb. "Detection and differentiation of phytoplasmas in Australia: an update." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 3 (1999): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98106.

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Abstract (sommario):

Phytoplasmas were found in 33 plant species that were not described as host plants in an earlier Australian survey. Plants displayed characteristic symptoms of little leaf, proliferation, and floral abnormalities. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed 13 different restriction patterns. The majority of phytoplasmas showed a restriction pattern identical to that of either the tomato big bud (TBB) or sweet potato little leaf V4 (SPLL-V4) phytoplasma. Phytoplasmas from 6 plant species showed a restriction pattern similar to that of the pigeonpea little leaf (PLL) phytoplasma.

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44

Terlizzi, F., A. R. Babini, and R. Credi. "First Report of Stolbur Phytoplasma (16SrXII-A) on Strawberry in Northern Italy." Plant Disease 90, no. 6 (June 2006): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0831a.

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Abstract (sommario):

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is one of the most important small-fruit crops in northern Italy. During the autumn of 2003, in nurseries located in Ravenna Province (Emilia-Romagna Region), a disease characterized by pronounced stunting and a very poor root system was observed in plants of the cv. Tethis. Older leaves of diseased plants were rolled upward and displayed a marked premature purple discoloration; new leaves showed size reduction, shortened petioles, chlorosis, and were generally cupped. Some of these plants were potted and kept in greenhouse conditions; the following sprin

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45

Martin, M. T., L. Martin, M. J. Cuesta, and P. García-Benavides. "First Report of Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum Associated with Grapevine Decline from Castilla y León, Spain." Plant Disease 95, no. 3 (March 2011): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-10-0750.

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Abstract (sommario):

During a survey for grapevine decline, 10 young grapevines (cvs. Tempranillo and Verdejo) with low vigor and little foliage were collected between June 2008 and August 2009. Small pieces of vascular and brown wood were placed onto malt extract agar supplemented with 0.25 g/liter of chloramphenicol and incubated at 25°C. Fifteen resulting colonies were transferred to potato dextrose agar in petri dishes (90 mm). Colonies with white mycelium covered the dishes after 10 days of incubation at 25°C in darkness; mycelium gradually became yellowish with some brownish aspect. Macroconida were predomin

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46

Koltunow, A. M., L. R. Krake, S. D. Johnson, and M. A. Rezaian. "Two Related Viroids Cause Grapevine Yellow Speckle Disease Independently." Journal of General Virology 70, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 3411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-70-12-3411.

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47

Téliz, Daniel, Blanca B. Landa, Hava F. Rapoport, Fernando Pérez Camacho, Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz, and Pablo Castillo. "Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Infecting Grapevine in Southern Spain and Susceptible Reaction to Root-Knot Nematodes of Rootstocks Reported as Moderately Resistant." Plant Disease 91, no. 9 (September 2007): 1147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-9-1147.

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Abstract (sommario):

Incidence and nematode population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were determined in 64 samples of soil and grapevine roots collected from commercial vineyards in southern Spain between October 2003 and May 2005. In addition, a histopathological study was done of root-stock roots naturally infected by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Nematodes infecting the rootstocks were identified according to conventional procedures, and the Meloidogyne spp. were furthermore identified by sequence characterized amplified region-polymerase chain reaction (SCAR-PCR) and isozyme esterase analyse

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48

Tessitori, Matilde, Rosa La Rosa, and Cristina Marzachì. "Flavescence Dorée and Bois Noir Diseases of Grapevine Are Evolving Pathosystems." Plant Health Progress 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-10-17-0057-mr.

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Abstract (sommario):

Grapevine yellows (GYs) are mainly spread in European viticultural areas. Phytosanitary measures worldwide are based on data obtained on classical pathosystems, but the latest findings suggest that the epidemiological pattern of these diseases is evolving and adapting to different ecological conditions. Risk assessment of introduction in GY-free areas has to be reconsidered in view of the broadening of the range of pathways of entry and means of diffusion in the field. The purpose of this review is to make available an update on findings of recent years to provide useful tools to prevent furth

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49

Szalárdi, Tímea, Antal Nagy, and Gábor Tarcali. "Examination of the American grapevine leafhopper (Scaphoideus titanus Ball) in Debrecen and Micske (Misca, West Romania)." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 62 (November 2, 2014): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/62/2171.

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Abstract (sommario):

Grapevine flavescence dorée (FD) was detected first in Hungary in 2013 in Zala County (South-West-Hungary). The disease is a serious danger for grapevine growing and grapevine propagating production. In 2014, the pathogen has been found in several new places in Hungary, viz. in Vas and Fejér Counties, and it was also detected in the former location in Zala County. The american grapevine leafhopper (Scaphoideus titanus) is the main vector of the disease. This pest was detected first in Hungary in 2006 and then it has spread all over the country. Since we have not detailed distribution data of t

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50

Credi, R. "Occurrence of Anomalous Mycoplasma-like Organisms in Grapevine Yellows-diseased Phloem." Journal of Phytopathology 142, no. 4 (December 1994): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb00027.x.

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