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Articoli di riviste sul tema "HBCD"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 10 marzo 2023

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1

Isobe, Tomohiko, Hiroko Oda, Nozomi Takayanagi, Tatsuya Kunisue, Hiroaki Komori, Norimasa Arita, Norifumi Ueda et al. "Hexabromocyclododecanes in human adipose tissue from Japan". Environmental Chemistry 6, n. 4 (2009): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09024.

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Environmental context. Contamination by hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), a group of brominated flame retardants, is of great concern due to their bioaccumulative nature and toxic implications. HBCD consumption in Japan is the highest among Asian countries and is still growing. In this regard, human exposure to HBCDs is of great concern in Japan. We present here the results of our investigation on Japanese human adipose tissue using LC-MS/MS. HBCDs were detected in all the samples analysed, and were generally higher in men than in women. Abstract. Residue levels of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were measured using LC-MS/MS in the Japanese human adipose tissue samples collected during 2003–2004 from Ehime prefecture (n = 26) and Kanto region (n = 9) of Japan. Concentrations of HBCDs (0.85–39 ng g–1 lipid) in the adipose tissue samples were 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than those of organochlorines (OCs). Regional differences between HBCD levels in Ehime prefecture and Kanto region were not significant. No age-dependent accumulation of HBCDs was observed. HBCD levels in men were significantly higher than those in women. Significant positive correlation between polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and HBCDs implies similar routes of exposure to these contaminants for Japanese citizens. α-HBCD was predominant among the three isomers, which is consistent with the other reports on bioaccumulation of α-HBCD in higher trophic animals.

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2

Wang, Xueli, Xiaoyu Yuan e Shengke Yang. "Sorption Behavior of Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) on Weihe River Sediment". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010247.

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The sorption of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) on sediment affects the fate and transport of HBCDs in rivers. The sorption of HBCDs on sediment from the Weihe River was investigated by performing batch equilibration experiments, and the effects of changing the pH ionic, strength, and humic acid concentration (HA) on sorption were evaluated. The obtained results indicated that fast rather than slow sorption was the dominant process. Nonlinear sorption isotherms were acquired, and the Freundlich (R2 0.94–0.98) and Langmuir (R2 0.95–0.99) models both described the sorption of HBCDs well. The adsorption capacity for α-HBCD, β-HBCD, and γ-HBCD were calculated using the Langmuir model, and were 443.56, 614.29 and 1146.37 mg/kg, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis shows that HBCDs sorption on sediment is a spontaneous exothermic process. HBCDs sorption was affected by the HA concentration and ionic strength. The amounts of HBCDs sorbed to the sediment decreased as the ionic strength increased, and first increased and then decreased as the HA concentration increased. Changes in pH did not clearly affect the sorption of HBCDs. Synchrotron radiation Fourier-transform infrared spectra (SR-FTIR) was used to characterize the adsorption mechanism, and the obtained result indicated that hydrophobic interactions dominated the mechanism involved in HBCDs sorption on sediment.

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3

Zhang, Xian, Dandan Zhang, Zhuanxi Luo, Lifeng Lin e Changzhou Yan. "Diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific profiles of hexabromocyclododecane in the sediment of Dongjiang River, South China". Environmental Chemistry 8, n. 6 (2011): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en10136.

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Environmental contextHexabromocyclododecanes are widely used as additive brominated flame retardants in thermal insulation building materials, upholstery textiles and electronic products. Dongjiang River is located at the Pearl River Delta, one of the most highly industrialised regions in China, which was seriously polluted by hexabromocyclododecanes. Higher levels of hexabromocyclododecanes in Dongjiang River will pose a serious threat to ecological health in this region. AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the levels, diastereoisomer profiles and enantiomeric fractions of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in the sediment of the Dongjiang River, China. The results showed that the total HBCD concentrations in the sediment ranged from below 2.5 to 424.16 ng g–1, which is similar to levels downstream of point source discharges in Europe and significantly higher than HBCD levels in sediments from rivers in the USA. The diastereoisomeric pattern showed the predominance of the γ-isomer, with low contributions of the α- and β-isomers. This diastereoisomer profile of the HBCDs was similar to that of commercial formulations. No uniform enantioselective enrichment was observed for α- and β-HBCD in sediments, which suggested that different stereoselective biotransformations occurred for these two isomers at different sites. However, (–)-γ-HBCD was apparently enriched in the sediment, which suggested that HBCDs in these studied sites were selectively biodegraded by microorganisms in the sediment.

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4

Wang, Xueli, Xiaoyu Yuan, Shengke Yang e Yaqian Zhao. "Concentrations, Distributions, and Risk Assessment of HBCD in Sediment in the Weihe River Basin in Northwest China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, n. 11 (23 ottobre 2018): 2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112340.

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Abstract (sommario):

As one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is found widely in the environmental media. In this study, the content and spatial distribution of HBCD and risk posed by HBCD in surface sediment in the Weihe River Basin in Northwest China were investigated. The HBCD concentration ranged nd–4.04 ng/g dw with the mean was 0.45 ng/g dw. The major source of HBCD in surface sediment was local point discharge. The distribution profiles of α-, β-, γ-HBCD were 24.7–87.9%, 0–42.0%, and 0–67.1%, respectively. Specially, α-HBCD was the dominating isomer in most sample sites. This differed significantly from that in HBCD technical product, which might be attributed to the different degradation rates and inter-transformation of the three HBCD isomers. Risk quotient method was used to assess the potential risk posed by HBCD in sediment. HBCD do not pose strong risks to aquatic algae organisms in the Weihe River Basin.

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5

Reindl, Andrzej, Lucyna Falkowska e Agnieszka Grajewska. "Hexabromocyclododecane contamination of herring gulls in the coastal area of the southern Baltic Sea". Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 49, n. 2 (25 giugno 2020): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2020-0014.

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AbstractMuscles and livers of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) found in the coastal area of the southern Baltic Sea were tested for the presence of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers. They were detected in the muscles (ΣHBCD = 42.82 ± 30.65 ng g−1 l.w.) and livers (ΣHBCD = 65.51±27.96 ng g−1 l.w.) of all examined gulls. The α-HBCD isomer dominates in all types of samples. Our study has shown that bodies of gulls are less contaminated with HBCD than bodies of aquatic birds from other regions of the world. There was no clear correlation between HBCD concentrations and sex and age of birds. Nevertheless, it was indicated that the highest concentrations of HBCD and the α-HBCD isomer were found in the livers of immature females (mean = 89.31 ± 21.63 ng g−1 l.w. and mean = 76.72±24.54 ng g−1 l.w., respectively). The highest liver sequestration rates of the α-HBCD isomer were found in both adult and immature males (mean = 7.7 ± 13.7 and mean = 6.2 ± 11.9, respectively).

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6

Monfared, Yousef Khazaei, Mohammad Mahmoudian, Gjylije Hoti, Daniel Mihai Bisericaru, Fabrizio Caldera, Roberta Cavalli, Parvin Zakeri-Milani, Adrián Matencio e Francesco Trotta. "Hyper-Branched Cyclodextrin-Based Polymers as Anticoagulant Agents: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies". Bioengineering 9, n. 12 (4 dicembre 2022): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9120765.

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This study tested the anticoagulant effect of cyclodextrin (CD) hyper-branched-based polymers (HBCD-Pols). These polymers were synthesized and tested for their coagulant characteristics in vitro and in vivo. Due to their polymeric structure and anionic nature, the polymers can chelate Ca2+, reducing the free quantity in blood. HBCD-Pol increased the blood clotting time, PT, and aPTT 3.5 times over the control, showing a better effect than even ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), as occured with recalcification time as well. A titration of HBCD-Pol and EDTA showed exciting differences in the ability to complex Ca2+ between both materials. Before executing in vivo studies, a hemocompatibility study was carried out with less than 5% red blood cell hemolysis. The fibrinogen consumption and bleeding time were analyzed in vivo. The fibrinogen was considerably decreased in the presence of HBCD-Pol in a higher grade than EDTA, while the bleeding time was longer with HBCD-Pols. The results demonstrate that the anticoagulant effect of this HBCD-Pol opens novel therapy possibilities due to the possible transport of drugs in this carrier. This would give combinatorial effects and a potential novel anticoagulant therapy with HBCD-Pol per se.

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7

Zeng, WenXian, e Takato Terada. "Freezability of boar spermatozoa is improved by exposure to 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 12, n. 4 (2000): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00058.

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The influence of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HBCD) exposure on post-thaw spermatozoa prior to freezing using acrosome integrity and the parameters of motility was studied. Acrosomal status was monitored by means of FITC-labelled peanut agglutinin, and the motility parameters were assessed using a computer-assisted sperm motility analysis (CASA) system. The spermatozoa were exposed to HBCD over a period of 3 h, during which the cells were slowly cooled from 25 to 5˚C, and then frozen into pellets. The percentage of frozen–thawed spermatozoa with intact acrosomes in 40 mM HBCD group was approximately three-fold higher than that of the control. The motility and progressive motility values of the frozen–thawed spermatozoa were found to increase significantly with increased HBCD concentrations. On the other hand, further addition of cholesterol-3-sulfate to the BF5 extender containing 20 mM HBCD resulted in a drastic decrease in the percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes, and decreased motility and progressive motility, suggesting that cholesterol-sulfate probably counter-acted the protective action of HBCD. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that HBCD protected boar spermatozoa against freeze–thaw damage, possibly by means of stimulating the efflux of membrane cholesterol.

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8

Okšová, Linda, e Peter Tölgyessy. "Determination of Hexabromocyclododecanes in Fish Using Modified QuEChERS Method with Efficient Extract Clean-Up Prior to Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry". Separations 7, n. 3 (6 agosto 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7030044.

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A modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) sample preparation method coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was proposed for the determination of α-, β-, and γ-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereomers in whole-fish homogenate samples. The main modification of the QuEChERS method concerned a clean-up step in which the combination of pH-tuned dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) with 18.4 M H2SO4 digestion allowed to successfully eliminate the matrix substances from the final extract. For the target HBCDs, good response linearity was obtained with coefficients of determination (R2) >0.998 for the concentration range corresponding to 0.1–50 ng of analyte per g of sample. Limits of quantifications (LOQs) were 0.15–0.25 ng g−1 ww (wet weight), and the recoveries from samples spiked at levels of 0.5 and 5 ng g−1 ranged from 89% to 102% with relative standard deviations <7.5%. The accuracy of the method was verified by analysis of the NIST standard reference material SRM 1947, and a good agreement (90%) was obtained with the certified value for the α-HBCD present in the sample. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of 293 fish samples collected in water bodies from all over Slovakia, in which the highest concentrations were determined for α-HBCD with the maximum value of 31 ng g−1 ww.

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9

Chiriac, Florentina Laura, Liliana Cruceru, Marcela Niculescu, Luoana Florentina Pascu, Carol Blaziu Lehr e Toma Galaon. "Simultaneous Determination of alfa-, beta- and gama-hexabromocyclododecane Diastereoisomers in Sewage Sludge using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry". Revista de Chimie 68, n. 8 (15 settembre 2017): 1685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.8.5744.

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Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a large-scale usage brominated flame retardant consisting of a mixture of diastereoisomers which has been reported as an ubiquitous environmental contaminant. HBCD has attracted much attention due to its toxicity and increasing levels in waste water sewage sludge. Since November 2014, HBCD was added to the Persistent Organic Pollutants list of the Stockholm Convention which generated a higher concern regarding its presence in the environment. A rapid (8 min) and accurate liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed to separate and detect a-, b- and g-HBCD isomers from sewage sludge. Optimization of LC-MS parameters (column temperature, mobile phase composition and flow, collision energy, fragmentor voltage, capillary voltage and drying gas temperature) allowed complete separation of the three isomers and also very good detection sensitivity with instrumental quantitation limits (IQLs) between 0.3 and 0.6 ng/mL. The three isomers were separated on a C18 reversed-phase column, kept at 18�C, using a H2O/ACN/MeOH mobile phase mixture and detected by negative electrospray ionization using MRM mode with two transitions, one for quantitation and one for confirmation. MS detector response was linear in the range 1.0 � 100.0 ng/mL with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.99 for all three isomers. A simple ultrasonic assisted liquid-solid extraction procedure using a solvent mixture was employed to extract HBCD isomers from WWTP sewage sludge. Overall method intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD%) were situated between 7.6 � 9.2% and 10.3 � 14.5%, respectively. LOQs for a-, b- and g-HBCD were 1.4, 0.7 and 1.0 ng/g, comparable and even lower to those reported by similar studies concerning HBCD presence in WWTP sewage sludge. HBCD presence was tested from several WWTP sludge samples. All three isomers were found with 100% detection frequency ranging from 3 to 76 ng/g.

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10

Zhang, Ying, Sijia Li, Yafeng Zhang, Yezi Chen, Xutao Wang e Yuxin Sun. "Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Hexabromocyclododecane in Marine Biota from China: A Review". Toxics 10, n. 10 (19 ottobre 2022): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100620.

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Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants for its persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity, and pose significant adverse effects on natural environments and human health. HBCDs are ubiquitously found in marine environments worldwide and can be biomagnified in marine organisms with a high trophic level. In the present study, we reviewed the available data on contamination of HBCDs in the marine biota from China, including mollusks, crustaceans, fish and mammals. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of HBCDs in the marine food web were summarized as well. This study also prospected the future research of HBCDs, including the transport and fluxes of HBCDs to and within the marine environment, the biomagnification of HBCDs in different ecosystems, and the metabolism of HBCDs in different marine species.

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11

Roila, Rossana, Raffaella Branciari, David Ranucci, Arianna Stramenga, Tamara Tavoloni, Tommaso Stecconi, Raffaella Franceschini e Arianna Piersanti. "Risk Characterization and Benefit–Risk Assessment of Brominated Flame Retardant in Commercially Exploited Freshwater Fishes and Crayfish of Lake Trasimeno, Italy". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 16 (19 agosto 2021): 8763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168763.

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Among brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were the most widely used in past decades. BFRs not being chemically bonded to polymers means they can easily leach from the products into the environment and bioaccumulate. Humans are exposed to flame retardants mainly through food consumption, especially fish and fish products. In the present study, the occurrence of PBDEs and HBCDs in freshwater fishes and crayfish from Lake Trasimeno (Umbria region, central Italy) was assessed according to monitoring plans recommended by European competent authorities. The dietary exposure of the central Italian population to such molecules was calculated, and the risk characterization and the benefit–risk evaluation were also assessed. A total of 90 samples were analyzed by means of gas and liquid chromatography associated with triple quadrupole mass spectroscopy. A total of 51% of samples were found positive for at least one of the congeners; the most frequently found molecule was BDE-47. The data on dietary exposure ranged from 0.138 to 1.113 pg/kg body weight/day for ∑PBDE and from 0.805 to 0.868 pg/kg body weight/day for ∑HBCD. The data show no health risks for the central Italian population consuming freshwater fish products from Lake Trasimeno in relation to exposure to PBDE and HBCD.

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12

Reindl, Andrzej R., e Lucyna Falkowska. "Food source as a factor determining birds' exposure to hazardous organic pollutants and egg contamination". Marine and Freshwater Research 71, n. 4 (2020): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19159.

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Alimentary exposure is the main factor determining halogenated organic compound pollution of wildlife, with birds’ eggs recognised as bioindicators of these contaminants and often used as a non-invasive monitoring tool. Comparisons of bird species from two aquatic environments, namely a marine coastal area (Gdansk Bay) and an inland reservoir (Włocławek Dam on the Vistula River), indicated significant differences in egg contamination. Herring gull eggs from Włocławek Dam had high concentrations of highly chlorinated dioxin (i.e. octachlorodibenzodioxin, which accounted for 37% of all polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo furans, PCDD/Fs). In contrast, eggs from terns feeding along the coastal area of the Southern Baltic contained high concentrations of lowly chlorinated furans (i.e. pentachlorodibezofuran, which accounted for 46 and 45% of all PCDD/Fs in eggs from the sandwich tern and common tern respectively). The congener patterns in terns’ eggs were similar to those reported previously for Baltic fish. Polychlorinated biphenyl congener 180 had the highest concentrations among the mono-ortho chlorinated biphenyls, whereas concentrations of non-dioxin-like chlorinated biphenyls were 10-fold higher than those of the other congeners analysed, but the congener pattern in eggs from both species (sandwich and common tern) was similar to that reported in other studies. Among the hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers, α-HBCD dominated in all eggs analysed (accounting for >97% of all HBCDs). The total HBCD concentration in gulls’ eggs from the inland reservoir was approximately half that in eggs from the common and sandwich terns (mean±s.d. 47.33±33.22v. 97.98±59.69 and 104.00±63.66ngg–1 lipid weight respectively).

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13

Wu, Mingge, Yanhui Zhao, Qianqian Li, Guijin Su, Wenbin Liu, Qingliang Wang e Chuanqi Li. "Thermal catalytic degradation of α-HBCD, β-HBCD and γ-HBCD over Fe3O4 micro/nanomaterial: Kinetic behavior, product analysis and mechanism hypothesis". Science of The Total Environment 668 (giugno 2019): 1200–1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.064.

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14

Partyka, Agnieszka, Dorota Bonarska-Kujawa, Marta Sporniak, Maciej Strojecki e Wojciech Niżański. "Modification of membrane cholesterol and its impact on frozen–thawed chicken sperm characteristics". Zygote 24, n. 5 (3 maggio 2016): 714–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199416000022.

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SummaryThis study was conducted to determine the changes in chicken sperm plasma membranes fluidity and polarity as lipid packing arrangement induced by cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HBCD) and how sperm cryopreservation outcomes are improved by these changes. Treatment with 2 mg HBCD supported the highest (P < 0.01) percentage of viable spermatozoa compared with the control and CLCs groups after cryopreservation. The percentage of post-thaw progressive and rapid sperm motility was highest in 2 mg HBCD (P < 0.01). After thawing, sperm treated with 1 or 2 mg CLC showed the highest anisotropy at 5, 21, 25 and 40°C (P < 0.01). At 25°C, the lowest anisotropy was observed in the thawed semen from the control group. The highest value (P < 0.01) of generalized polarization (GP) (0.5) at 5°C was observed in the 1 mg CLC treated sample. After 2 h of incubation, the highest percentage of viable spermatozoa was observed in the HBCD group in relation to the other treatments (P < 0.01). Exposure to 1 mg or 2 mg of CLC significantly decreased the percentage of live spermatozoa after thawing (P < 0.01). In conclusion, HBCD appears to play a role in the modification of sperm membranes, increasing their fluidity and preventing them against membrane phase transition to gel, thus minimizing freezing-thaw sperm damage. HBCD treatment enhances chicken sperm viability and motility after cryopreservation and subsequent storage. This novel procedure may be useful for improving the technology for cryopreservation of fowl spermatozoa.

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15

Mao, Tianao, Haoyang Wang, Zheng Peng, Taotao Ni, Tianqi Jia, Rongrong Lei e Wenbin Liu. "Determination of Hexabromocyclododecane in Expanded Polystyrene and Extruded Polystyrene Foam by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry". Molecules 26, n. 23 (25 novembre 2021): 7143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237143.

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A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the determination of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foam (EPS/XPS) was developed. The EPS/XPS samples were ultrasonically extracted with acetone and the extracts were purified by filtration through a microporous membrane (0.22 μm) and solid-phase extraction. The samples were analyzed using a GC/MS using the selected ion monitoring mode. The ions 157, 319 and 401 were selected as the qualitative ions, while ion 239 was chosen as the quantitative ion. An HBCD standard working solution with a concentration range of 1.0–50.0 mg/L showed good linearity. The detection limit of HBCD was 0.5 mg/kg, meeting the LPC limit (<100 or 1000 mg/kg). Six laboratories were selected to verify the accuracy of the method, and 10 samples were tested. The interlaboratory relative standard deviation range was 3.68–9.80%. This method could play an important role in controlling HBCD contamination in EPS/XPS.

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16

Esslinger, Susanne, Roland Becker, Andreas Müller-Belecke, Wolfram Bremser, Christian Jung e Irene Nehls. "HBCD Stereoisomer Pattern in Mirror Carps Following Dietary Exposure to Pure γ-HBCD Enantiomers". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58, n. 17 (8 settembre 2010): 9705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf101469q.

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17

Sun, Runxia, Xiaojun Luo, Xiaobo Zheng, Kun Cao, Pingan Peng, Qing X. Li e Bixian Mai. "Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in fish: Evidence of recent HBCD input into the coastal environment". Marine Pollution Bulletin 126 (gennaio 2018): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.040.

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18

Galantino-Homer, H., W. Zeng, S. Megee, M. Modelski e I. Dobrinski. "93 CALCIUM REMOVAL INCREASES THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF β-CYCLODEXTRIN PLUS CHOLESTEROL ON PORCINE SPERM DURING COLD SHOCK". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, n. 2 (2006): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab93.

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Porcine sperm are extremely sensitive to the damaging effects of cold shock and cryopreservation. Cholesterol-binding molecules, such as 2-hydroxypropyl-�-cyclodextrin (HBCD), improve post-thaw and post-cooling porcine sperm viability when added to an egg yolk-based extender, but also enhance sperm capacitation in other species. Depending upon the environmental cholesterol content, HBCD can act either as a cholesterol shuttle or sink to increase or decrease, respectively, sperm plasma membrane cholesterol content. Increasing the sperm cholesterol to phospholipid ratio reduces cold shock sensitivity whereas decreasing the ratio initiates the process of sperm capacitation. An increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation correlates with sperm capacitation and has been shown to be dependent upon the presence of extracellular calcium. Sperm intracellular calcium also increases during cold shock. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of extracellular calcium and membrane cholesterol manipulation on porcine sperm viability and protein tyrosine phosphorylation following cold shock (10�C for 10 min). Viability was assessed using CFDA/propidium iodide staining. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation, previously shown to correlate with porcine sperm capacitation, was evaluated via antiphosphotyrosine (clone 4G10) immunoblots. We report here that following cold shock, porcine sperm incubated in defined medium containing both 0.8 mM HBCD and 0.5 mM cholesterol 3-sulfate (ChS) incubated in the absence of added extracellular calcium and the presence of 6 mM EGTA have significantly improved viability (90.5 � 6.3%, n = 3) when compared with cold-shocked sperm incubated in either the same medium with calcium (46.1 � 3.8%), without HBCD or ChS (26.5 � 7.4% with calcium; 46.5 � 13.1% without calcium), or with HBCD alone (17.0 � 7.4% with calcium, 36.8 � 7.5% without calcium). As we have found previously, treatment with 0.8 mM HBCD plus 0.5 mM ChS completely inhibited the increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by the cold shock treatment. Although protein tyrosine phosphorylation correlates with porcine sperm capacitation, the ability of cold shock treatment to induce the same phosphorylation pattern indicates that other processes or pathways may contribute to its appearance. Removing extracellular calcium consistently decreased, but did not completely eliminate, the protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by cold shock. These results indicate that cold shock-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation is not dependent upon, but can be modulated by, extracellular calcium. The combined effects of calcium, HBCD and ChS on viability suggest that porcine sperm viability following cold shock is best maintained by removing extracellular calcium and increasing membrane cholesterol content via the cholesterol shuttle activity of HBCD. This work was supported by grants from PA Dept. Ag. (ME 443291) and the NIH (5-K08-HD041430).

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Li, Qiang, Lifang Wang, Xuhui Fang, Li Zhang, Jingjiu Li e Hongyong Xie. "Synergistic Effect of Photocatalytic Degradation of Hexabromocyclododecane in Water by UV/TiO2/persulfate". Catalysts 9, n. 2 (18 febbraio 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020189.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this work, the elimination of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is explored by using photodegradation of the UV/TiO2 system, the UV/potassium persulfate (KPS) system, and the homo/heterogeneous UV/TiO2/KPS system. The experimental results show that the dosages of TiO2 and potassium persulfate have optimum values to increase the degradation degree. HBCD can be almost completely degraded and 74.3% of the total bromine content is achieved in the UV/TiO2/KPS homo/heterogeneous photocatalysis, much more than in the UV/persulfate system and the UV/TiO2 system. Roles of radicals SO4•− and OH• in the photocatalysis systems are discussed based on experimental measurements. The high yield of the concentration of bromide ions and decreased pH value indicates that synergistic effects exist in the UV/TiO2/KPS homo/heterogeneous photocatalysis, which can mineralize HBCD into inorganic small molecules like carboxylic acids, CO2 and H2O, thus much less intermediates are formed. The possible pathways of degradation of HBCD in the UV/TiO2/KPS system were also analyzed by GC/MS. This work will have practical application potential in the fields of pollution control and environmental management.

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Heeb, Norbert V., W. Bernd Schweizer, Peter Mattrel, Regula Haag, Martin Kohler, Peter Schmid, Markus Zennegg e Max Wolfensberger. "Regio- and stereoselective isomerization of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs): Kinetics and mechanism of β-HBCD racemization". Chemosphere 71, n. 8 (aprile 2008): 1547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.044.

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21

Hakk, H. "Different HBCD stereoisomers are metabolized differently". Toxicology Letters 196 (luglio 2010): S33—S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.151.

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22

Miller, I., C. Diepenbroek, E. Rijntjes, J. Renaut, K. J. Teerds, C. Kwadijk, S. Cambier, A. J. Murk, A. C. Gutleb e T. Serchi. "Gender specific differences in the liver proteome of rats exposed to short term and low-concentration hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)". Toxicology Research 5, n. 5 (2016): 1273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tx00166a.

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23

Li, Dan, Ping’an Peng, Zhiqiang Yu, Weilin Huang e Yin Zhong. "Reductive transformation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) by FeS". Water Research 101 (settembre 2016): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.066.

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24

Aylward, Lesa L., e Sean M. Hays. "Biomonitoring-based risk assessment for hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)". International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 214, n. 3 (giugno 2011): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.02.002.

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25

Zhu, Chaofei, Pu Wang, Yingming Li, Zhaojing Chen, Honghua Li, Patrick Ssebugere, Qinghua Zhang e Guibin Jiang. "Trophic transfer of hexabromocyclododecane in the terrestrial and aquatic food webs from an e-waste dismantling region in East China". Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 19, n. 2 (2017): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6em00617e.

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26

Yufang, Zhong, Chen Cen, Wang Xiu, Guo Panpan, Zhang Xinyu, Yu Zhiqiang e An Jing. "HBCD and PCBs enhance the cell migration and invasion of HepG2 via the PI3 K/Akt pathway". Toxicology Research 4, n. 3 (2015): 677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tx00108g.

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27

Zhang, Xianmiao, Kristian K. Roopnarine, Shirley Dong e Urs Jans. "Stereoisomer specific reaction of hexabromocyclododecane with Fe(ii) associated with iron oxides". Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 22, n. 4 (2020): 1026–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9em00587k.

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28

Heeb, Norbert V., W. Bernd Schweizer, Peter Mattrel, Regula Haag, Andreas C. Gerecke, Peter Schmid, Markus Zennegg e Heinz Vonmont. "Regio- and stereoselective isomerization of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs): Kinetics and mechanism of γ- to α-HBCD isomerization". Chemosphere 73, n. 8 (novembre 2008): 1201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.045.

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29

Park, Kiyun, e Ihn-Sil Kwak. "Apoptotic p53 Gene Expression in the Regulation of Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP)-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Intertidal Crab Macrophthalmusjaponicus". Antioxidants 11, n. 4 (13 aprile 2022): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040771.

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Abstract (sommario):

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), some of the most dangerous chemicals released into the aquatic environment, are distributed worldwide due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. In the study, we investigated p53-related apoptotic responses to POPs such as hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) or 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in the mud crab Macrophthalmus japonicus. To do so, we characterized M. japonicus p53 and evaluated basal levels of p53 expression in different tissues. M. japonicus p53 has conserved amino acid residues involving sites for protein dimerization and DNA and zinc binding. In phylogenetic analysis, the homology of the deduced p53 amino acid sequence was not high (67–70%) among crabs, although M. japonicus p53 formed a cluster with one clade with p53 homologs from other crabs. Tissue distribution patterns revealed that the highest expression of p53 mRNA transcripts was in the hepatopancreas of M. japonicus crabs. Exposure to POPs induced antioxidant defenses to modulate oxidative stress through the upregulation of catalase expression. Furthermore, p53 expression was generally upregulated in the hepatopancreas and gills of M. japonicus after exposure to most concentrations of HBCD or BDE-47 for all exposure periods. In hepatopancreas tissue, significant increases in p53 transcript levels were observed as long-lasting apoptotic responses involving cellular defenses until day 7 of relative long-term exposure. The findings in this study suggest that exposure to POPs such as HBCD or BDE-47 may trigger the induction of cellular defense processes against oxidative stress, including DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis through the transcriptional upregulation of p53 expression in M. japonicus.

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Yan, Xue, Xitao Liu, Chengdu Qi, Chunye Lin, Peizhong Li e Haijian Wang. "Disposal of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) by grinding assisted with sodium persulfate". RSC Advances 7, n. 38 (2017): 23313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02689g.

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31

Wang, Xiaoping, Fengzhi He, Limin Zhang e Ang Yu. "Application of micro-nanostructured magnetite in separating tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane from environmental water by magnetic solid phase extraction". PLOS ONE 16, n. 5 (3 maggio 2021): e0251021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251021.

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Abstract (sommario):

Two typical brominated flame retardants (BFRs), namely, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), were persistent organic pollutants widely detected in various environmental media. This study aimed to successfully synthesize micro-nano-structured magnetite particles (MNMPs) with surface modification by citric acid molecules. The synthesized composites served as an adsorbent for extracting TBBPA and HBCD from environmental water samples followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The obtained MNMPs were characterized in terms of crystal structure, morphology, size distribution, hydrophobic and hydrophilic performance and magnetism. The results indicated that the MNMPs exhibited high surface area, good dispersibility, and strong magnetic responsiveness for separation. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized, including sample pH, amount of sorbents, extraction time and desorption conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the recovery was 83.5 and 107.1%, limit of detection was 0.13 and 0.35μg/mL (S/N = 3), and limit of quantification was 0.37 and 0.59 μg/mL (S/N = 10) for TBBPA and HBCD respectively. The relative standard deviations obtained using the proposed method were less than 8.7%, indicating that the MNMP magnetic solid-phase extraction method had advantages of simplicity, good sensitivity and high efficiency for the extraction of the two BFRs from environmental water.

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32

Jordan, Chloe J., Susan R. B. Weiss, Katia D. Howlett e Michelle P. Freund. "Introduction to the Special Issue on “Informing Longitudinal Studies on the Effects of Maternal Stress and Substance Use on Child Development: Planning for the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study”". Adversity and Resilience Science 1, n. 4 (22 ottobre 2020): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42844-020-00022-6.

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AbstractThe HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) study will establish a large cohort of pregnant women from regions of the country significantly affected by the opioid crisis and follow them and their children for at least 10 years. Findings from this cohort will help researchers understand normative childhood brain development as well as the long-term impact of prenatal and postnatal opioid and other drug and environmental exposures. The study will collect data on pregnancy and fetal development; infant and early childhood structural and functional brain imaging; anthropometrics; medical history; family history; biospecimens; and social, emotional, and cognitive development. Knowledge gained from this research will be critical to help predict and prevent some of the known effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to certain drugs or environmental exposures, including risk for future substance use, mental disorders, and other behavioral and developmental problems. In this special issue, a subset of investigators that received funding for planning grants for the HBCD study provide careful guidelines and frameworks for study design, recruitment and retention of vulnerable populations, culturally sensitive practices, and biospecimen and neurodevelopmental assessment recommendations gathered in feasibility studies that will help inform the full HBCD study planned to begin recruitment in 2022.

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Larsen, Eric R., e Ernest L. Ecker. "Thermal Stability of Fire Retardants: I, Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD". Journal of Fire Sciences 4, n. 4 (luglio 1986): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490418600400403.

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34

Covaci, A., M. Abdallah, L. Roosens e S. Harrad. "Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) complex chemistry: Detection and analytical methods". Toxicology Letters 196 (luglio 2010): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.149.

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35

Schecter, Arnold, David T. Szabo, James Miller, Tyra L. Gent, Noor Malik-Bass, Malte Petersen, Olaf Paepke et al. "Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) Stereoisomers in U.S. Food from Dallas, Texas". Environmental Health Perspectives 120, n. 9 (settembre 2012): 1260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1204993.

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36

Haukås, Marianne, Ketil Hylland, John Arthur Berge, Torgeir Nygård e Espen Mariussen. "Spatial diastereomer patterns of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in a Norwegian fjord". Science of The Total Environment 407, n. 22 (novembre 2009): 5907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.024.

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37

Ratel, Jérémy, Christelle Planche, Frédéric Mercier, Patrick Blinet, Nathalie Kondjoyan, Philippe Marchand, Agnès Fournier, Angélique Travel, Catherine Jondreville e Erwan Engel. "Liver volatolomics to reveal poultry exposure to γ-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)". Chemosphere 189 (dicembre 2017): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.074.

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38

Jiang, Yuting, Shiying Yang, Junqin Liu, Tengfei Ren, Yixuan Zhang e Xinrong Sun. "Degradation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) by nanoscale zero-valent aluminum (nZVAl)". Chemosphere 244 (aprile 2020): 125536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125536.

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39

Heeb, Norbert V., Daniel Zindel, W. Bernd Schweizer e Peter Lienemann. "2,5,6,9,10-Pentabromocyclododecanols (PBCDOHs): A new class of HBCD transformation products". Chemosphere 88, n. 5 (luglio 2012): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.052.

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40

Tomy, Gregg T., Vince Palace, Chris Marvin, Heather M. Stapleton, Adrian Covaci e Stuart Harrad. "Biotransformation of HBCD in Biological Systems Can Confound Temporal-Trend Studies". Environmental Science & Technology 45, n. 2 (15 gennaio 2011): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es1039369.

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41

Barghi, Mandana, Eun-su Shin, Sung-Deuk Choi, Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz e Yoon-Seok Chang. "HBCD and TBBPA in human scalp hair: Evidence of internal exposure". Chemosphere 207 (settembre 2018): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.032.

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42

Polder, A., B. Venter, J. U. Skaare e H. Bouwman. "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and HBCD in bird eggs of South Africa". Chemosphere 73, n. 2 (settembre 2008): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.021.

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43

Sun, Runxia, Xiaojun Luo, Xiaobo Zheng, Kun Cao, Pingan Peng, Qing X. Li e Bixian Mai. "Corrigendum to “Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in fish: Evidence of recent HBCD input into the coastal environment” [Marine Pollution Bulletin 126 (2018) 357–362]". Marine Pollution Bulletin 133 (agosto 2018): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.034.

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44

Emond, Claude, Michael J. DeVito e Linda S. Birnbaum. "A PBPK model describing the pharmacokinetics of γ-HBCD exposure in mice". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 428 (ottobre 2021): 115678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2021.115678.

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45

Schecter, Arnold, Darrah Haffner, Justin Colacino, Keyur Patel, Olaf Päpke, Matthias Opel e Linda Birnbaum. "Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Hexabromocyclodecane (HBCD) in Composite U.S. Food Samples". Environmental Health Perspectives 118, n. 3 (marzo 2010): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901345.

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46

Letcher, R. "Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) flame retardant in the environment, biota and humans: Sterioisomeric paradox". Toxicology Letters 196 (luglio 2010): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.150.

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47

Cantón, Rocío F., Ad A. C. M. Peijnenburg, Ron L. A. P. Hoogenboom, Aldert H. Piersma, Leo T. M. van der Ven, Martin van den Berg e Marjoke Heneweer. "Subacute effects of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) on hepatic gene expression profiles in rats". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 231, n. 2 (1 settembre 2008): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2008.04.013.

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48

Barghi, Mandana, Eun-su Shin, Min-Hui Son, Sung-Deuk Choi, Heesoo Pyo e Yoon-Seok Chang. "Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in the Korean food basket and estimation of dietary exposure". Environmental Pollution 213 (giugno 2016): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.026.

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49

Haukås, Marianne, Espen Mariussen, Anders Ruus e Knut Erik Tollefsen. "Accumulation and disposition of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)". Aquatic Toxicology 95, n. 2 (novembre 2009): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.08.010.

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50

Ni, Hong-Gang, e Hui Zeng. "HBCD and TBBPA in particulate phase of indoor air in Shenzhen, China". Science of The Total Environment 458-460 (agosto 2013): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.003.

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