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1
Fujii, S., K. Kaneko, K. Otani e Y. Tsujikawa. "Mirror Gas Turbines: A Newly Proposed Method of Exhaust Heat Recovery". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, n. 3 (1 ottobre 2000): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1366324.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A new conceptual combination of Brayton and inverted Brayton cycles with a heat sink by intercooling, which is dubbed the mirror gas turbine, has been evaluated and proposed in this paper. Prior to such evaluations, a preliminary test on the inverted cycle without intercooling was made experimentally to confirm the actual operation. The conventional method of recuperation in gas turbines can be replaced by the mirror gas turbine with a low working temperature of about 450°C at heat exchanger. The combined cycle of Brayton/Rankine for electricity generation plant may be improved by our concept into a system with steam turbines completely removed and with still high thermal efficiency. Ultra-micro turbines will be possible, producing the output power less than 10 kW as well as thermal efficiency of 20 percent.
2
Rice, I. G. "Thermodynamic Evaluation of Gas Turbine Cogeneration Cycles: Part I—Heat Balance Method Analysis". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1987): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents a heat balance method of evaluating various open-cycle gas turbines and heat recovery systems based on the first law of thermodynamics. A useful graphic solution is presented that can be readily applied to various gas turbine cogeneration configurations. An analysis of seven commercially available gas turbines is made showing the effect of pressure ratio, exhaust temperature, intercooling, regeneration, and turbine rotor inlet temperature in regard to power output, heat recovery, and overall cycle efficiency. The method presented can be readily programmed in a computer, for any given gaseous or liquid fuel, to yield accurate evaluations. An X–Y plotter can be utilized to present the results.
3
Hoffmann, Simon P., Frank U. Rückert, Danjana Theis, Alexander G. Ruffino, Daniel Lehser-Pfeffermann e Dirk Hübner. "A Software Tool for Automatic Geometry Generation of a Micro Turbine". Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 22, n. 2 (24 agosto 2020): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2018-0038.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractHeat recovery plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of renewable energy facilities like biomass furnaces, solar power plants or biofuel combustion engines. As the overall efficiency of the facilities can be increased by recovering the energy. The available waste heat can be converted directly into mechanical energy, pressure or subsequently converted into electrical energy by coupling the expansions machine with a generator. The waste heat can be converted by Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). Therefore, an expansion machine, e.g. a turbine is required. Also small amounts of waste heat can be recovered, if so-called micro turbines are used. Design and construction of such micro turbines always follow fixed rules. Aim of this work is to explain the rules how to design a micro turbine. Furthermore, our workflow and a software tool which follows these rules should be presented.
4
Mrzljak, Vedran, Igor Poljak, Jasna Prpić-Oršić e Maro Jelić. "Exergy analysis of marine waste heat recovery CO2 closed-cycle gas turbine system". Pomorstvo 34, n. 2 (21 dicembre 2020): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.12.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents an exergy analysis of marine waste heat recovery CO2 closed-cycle gas turbine system. Based on the operating parameters obtained in system exploitation, it is performed analysis of each system component individually, as well as analysis of the whole observed system. While observing all heat exchangers it is found that combustion gases-CO2 heat exchangers have the lowest exergy destructions and the highest exergy efficiencies (higher than 92%). The lowest exergy efficiency of all heat exchangers is detected in Cooler (51.84%). Observed system is composed of two gas turbines and two compressors. The analysis allows detection of dominant mechanical power producer and the dominant mechanical power consumer. It is also found that the turbines from the observed system have much higher exergy efficiencies in comparison to compressors (exergy efficiency of both turbines is higher than 94%, while exergy efficiency of both compressors did not exceed 87%). The whole observed waste heat recovery system has exergy destruction equal to 6270.73 kW, while the exergy efficiency of the whole system is equal to 64.12% at the selected ambient state. Useful mechanical power produced by the whole system and used for electrical generator drive equals 11204.80 kW. The obtained high exergy efficiency of the whole observed system proves its application on-board ships.
5
Nakagaki, T., T. Ogawa, H. Hirata, K. Kawamoto, Y. Ohashi e K. Tanaka. "Development of Chemically Recuperated Micro Gas Turbine". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, n. 1 (27 dicembre 2002): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1520158.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Micro gas turbines (MGTs) are subject to certain problems, notably low thermal efficiency of the system and high emission including NOx. The chemically recuperated gas turbine (CRGT) system introduced in this paper is one of the most promising solutions to these problems. The CRGT system we propose uses an endothermic reaction of methane steam reforming for heat recovery. It is usually thought that the reaction of methane steam reforming does not occur sufficiently to recover heat at the temperature of turbine exhaust, but we confirmed sufficient reaction occurred at such low temperature and that applications of the chemical recuperation system to some commercial MGTs are effective for increasing the efficiency.
6
Rostamzadeh, Hadi, Saeed Rostami, Majid Amidpour, Weifeng He e Dong Han. "Seawater Desalination via Waste Heat Recovery from Generator of Wind Turbines: How Economical Is It to Use a Hybrid HDH-RO Unit?" Sustainability 13, n. 14 (6 luglio 2021): 7571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147571.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over recent years, the concept of waste heat recovery from the generators of wind turbines for driving a thermal-driven desalination system was introduced, and its advantages were highlighted. However, any selection of a bottoming thermal-driven desalination system among different existing technologies should be taken under consideration before making an ultimate recommendation. Unfortunately, no comprehensive comparison is available in the literature to compare the performance as well as the cost aspects of using the waste thermal energy of the generator of a wind turbine for desalinating seawater, comparing them with those of a layout where the power of the wind turbine is directly supplied to a mechanically driven desalination system for the same amount of drinkable water production. This study aims at analyzing the economic aspects of waste heat recovery from the generators of wind turbines for seawater desalination via the humidification-dehumidification (HDH) approach, versus the reverse osmosis (RO) unit. For this purpose, a closed-air water-heater HDH unit, directly coupled with a RO unit (called a hybrid HDH-RO unit) is employed, in which thermal energy is provided by the heat dissipating from the generator of the wind turbine while its power is supplied directly by the wind turbine. The energetic and exergetic performance, along with the cost aspects of a hybrid HDH-RO unit driven by the wind turbine, are compared with those of a solo RO unit. The results of the study were extended for six different types of wind turbines, and we concluded that the unit cost associated with the freshwater produced by the waste heat recovery approach is astronomically higher than that of the solo RO system for all wind turbine models, and hence is not practically feasible. It was found that more power can be recovered from the discarded brine from the solo RO unit than the hybrid HDH-RO unit. In addition, the solo RO desalination system, working directly with the power of the wind turbine, has a less complex configuration, and hence its investment cost rate is significantly lower than that needed for setting up an HDH-RO unit. At high wind speeds, however, the cost penalty associated with the freshwater produced by the HDH-RO unit decreases, but it is still huge. Among all screened wind turbines, the GW-136/4.8 is most appealing in terms of greater power generation, but its investment cost rate is the highest among all models due to its high rated power value. However, the freshwater unit cost of the GW-136/4.8 is significantly lower than the values obtained for other models. Finally, the two locations of Manjil and Zabol are selected as a benchmark and the results of the simulation are extended for these locations.
7
Maunsbach, K., A. Isaksson, J. Yan, G. Svedberg e L. Eidensten. "Integration of Advanced Gas Turbines in Pulp and Paper Mills for Increased Power Generation". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, n. 4 (1 gennaio 2001): 734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1359773.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The pulp and paper industry handles large amounts of energy and today produces the steam needed for the process and some of the required electricity. Several studies have shown that black liquor gasification and combined cycles increase the power production significantly compared to the traditional processes used today. It is of interest to investigate the performance when advanced gas turbines are integrated with next-generation pulp and paper mills. The present study focused on comparing the combined cycle with the integration of advanced gas turbines such as steam injected gas turbine (STIG) and evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) in pulp and paper mills. Two categories of simulations have been performed: (1) comparison of gasification of both black liquor and biomass connected to either a combined cycle or steam injected gas turbine with a heat recovery steam generator; (2) externally fired gas turbine in combination with the traditional recovery boiler. The energy demand of the pulp and paper mills is satisfied in all cases and the possibility to deliver a power surplus for external use is verified. The study investigates new system combinations of applications for advanced gas turbines.
8
Altosole, Marco, Giovanni Benvenuto, Ugo Campora, Michele Laviola e Alessandro Trucco. "Waste Heat Recovery from Marine Gas Turbines and Diesel Engines". Energies 10, n. 5 (18 maggio 2017): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10050718.
Testo completo
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Gladshtein, V. I., V. V. Ermolaev, A. I. Shklyar, L. A. Vinokurova, A. A. Simanovskii e V. A. Dolgalev. "Recovery heat treatment of casing parts during modernization of turbines". Thermal Engineering 54, n. 4 (aprile 2007): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040601507040039.
Testo completo
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Langston, Lee S. "Cogeneration: Gas Turbine Multitasking". Mechanical Engineering 134, n. 08 (1 agosto 2012): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-aug-4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article describes the functioning of the gas turbine cogeneration power plant at the University of Connecticut (UConn) in Storrs. This 25-MW power plant serves the 18,000 students’ campus. It has been in operation since 2006 and is expected to save the University $180M in energy costs over its 40-year design life. The heart of the UConn cogeneration plant consists of three 7-MW Solar Taurus gas turbines burning natural gas, with fuel oil as a backup. These drive water-cooled generators to produce up to 20–24 MW of electrical power distributed throughout the campus. Gas turbine exhaust heat is used to generate up to 200,000 pounds per hour of steam in heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs). The HRSGs provide high-pressure steam to power a 4.6-MW steam turbine generator set for more electrical power and low-pressure steam for campus heating. The waste heat from the steam turbine contained in low-pressure turbine exhaust steam is combined with the HRSG low-pressure steam output for campus heating.
11
Dechamps, P. J. "Advanced Combined Cycle Alternatives With the Latest Gas Turbines". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, n. 2 (1 aprile 1998): 350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The last decade has seen remarkable improvements in industrial gas turbine size and performances. There is no doubt that the coming years are holding the promise of even more progress in these fields. As a consequence, the fuel utilization achieved by combined cycle power plants has been steadily increased. This is, however, also because of the developments in the heat recovery technology. Advances on the gas turbine side justify the development of new combined cycle schemes, with more advanced heat recovery capabilities. Hence, the system performance is spiraling upward. In this paper, we look at some of the heat recovery possibilities with the newly available gas turbine engines, characterized by a high exhaust temperature, a high specific work, and the integration of some gas turbine cooling with the boiler. The schemes range from classical dual pressure systems, to triple pressure systems with reheat in supercritical steam conditions. For each system, an optimum set of variables (steam pressures, etc.) is proposed. The effect of some changes on the steam cycle parameters, like increasing the steam temperatures above 570°C are also considered. Emphasis is also put on the influence of some special features or arrangements of the heat recovery steam generators, not only from a thermodynamic point of view.
12
Singh, Onkar, Gaitry Arora e Vinod Kumar Sharma. "Energy-Exergy Analysis of Solarized Triple Combined Cycle Having Intercooling, Reheating and Waste Heat Utilization". Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, n. 1 (31 marzo 2021): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.650114.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Heliostat-based solar thermal power system consisting of a combination of the Brayton cycle, Rankine cycle, and organic Rankine cycle is a potential option for harnessing solar energy for power generation. Among different options for improving the performance of solarized triple combined cycle the option of introducing intercooling and reheating in the gas turbine cycle and utilizing the waste heat for augmenting the power output needs investigation. Present study considers a solarized triple combined cycle with intercooling and reheating in gas turbines while using the heat rejected in intercooling in heat recovery vapour generator and heat recovery steam generator separately in two different arrangements. A comparison of two distinct cycle arrangements has been carried out based on Ist law and IInd law of thermodynamics with the help of thermodynamic parameters. Results show that triple combined cycle having intercooling heat used in heat recovery vapour generator offers maximum energy efficiency of 63.54% at 8 CPR & 300K ambient temperature and maximum exergetic efficiency of 38.37% at 14 CPR & 300 K. While the use of intercooling heat in heat recovery steam generator offers maximum energy and exergetic efficiency of 64.15% and 39.72% respectively at 16 CPR & 300 K ambient temperature.
13
Nielson, Jordan, e Kiran Bhaganagar. "Using field data–based large eddy simulation to understand role of atmospheric stability on energy production of wind turbines". Wind Engineering 43, n. 6 (14 gennaio 2019): 625–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x18824540.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A novel and a robust high-fidelity numerical methodology has been developed to realistically estimate the net energy production of full-scale horizontal axis wind turbines in a convective atmospheric boundary layer, for both isolated and multiple wind turbine arrays by accounting for the wake effects between them. Large eddy simulation has been used to understand the role of atmospheric stability in net energy production (annual energy production) of full-scale horizontal axis wind turbines placed in the convective atmospheric boundary layer. The simulations are performed during the convective conditions corresponding to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory field campaign of July 2015. A mathematical framework was developed to incorporate the field-based measurements as boundary conditions for the large eddy simulation by averaging the surface flux over multiple diurnal cycles. The objective of the study is to quantify the role of surface flux in the calculation of energy production for an isolated, two and three wind turbine configuration. The study compares the mean value, +1 standard deviation, and −1 standard deviation from the measured surface flux to demonstrate the role of surface heat flux. The uniqueness of the study is that power deficits from large eddy simulation were used to determine wake losses and obtain a net energy production that accounts for the wake losses. The frequency of stability events, from field measurements, is input into the calculation of an ensemble energy production prediction with wake losses for different wind turbine arrays. The increased surface heat flux increases the atmospheric turbulence into the wind turbines. Higher turbulence results in faster wake recovery by a factor of two. The faster wake recovery rates result in lowering the power deficits from 46% to 28% for the two-turbine array. The difference in net energy production between the +1 and −1 standard deviation (with respect to surface heat flux) simulations was 10% for the two-turbine array and 8% for the three-turbine array. An ensemble net energy production by accounting for the wake losses indicated the overestimation of annual energy production from current practices could be corrected by accounting for variation of surface flux from the mean value.
14
Becker, B., e B. Schetter. "Gas Turbines Above 150 MW for Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC)". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1992): 660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906639.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Commercial IGCC power plants need gas turbines with high efficiency and high power output in order to reduce specific installation costs and fuel consumption. Therefore the well-proven 154 MW V94.2 and the new 211 MW V94.3 high-temperature gas turbines are well suited for this kind of application. A high degree of integration of the gas turbine, steam turbine, oxygen production, gasifier, and raw gas heat recovery improves the cycle efficiency. The air use for oxygen production is taken from the gas turbine compressor. The N2 fraction is recompressed and mixed with the cleaned gas prior to combustion. Both features require modifications of the gas turbine casing and the burners. Newly designed burners using the coal gas with its very low heating value and a mixture of natural gas and steam as a second fuel are developed for low NOx and CO emissions. These special design features are described and burner test results presented.
15
Bubnov, K. N., A. E. Barochkin, V. P. Zhukov e G. V. Ledukhovsky. "Method of calculation of energy characteristics heat turbines taking into account the economy of the low pressure flow part". Vestnik IGEU, n. 2 (2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2020.2.005-013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thermal power plants require regular review of regulatory energy performance. Data sources for this can be the results of thermal tests or typical energy characteristics of units. The first way is costly, the second only partially allows taking into account the technical condition of the equipment. An urgent task is to develop a methodology for constructing energy characteristics that would make it possible to solve this problem with reasonable accuracy and using minimal resources. Such conditions are met by the existing methodology for determining the energy characteristics of turbines which is based on the methodology of matrix formalization of the calculation of energy-mass-exchange plants. The technique has been tested in relation to turbines with one-stage heat recovery. The aim of this study is to increase the accuracy of the calculation using the developed methodology for the energy characteristics of turbines with two-stage heat recovery. The turbine installation is simulated within the framework of the matrix formalization methodology using the equations of mass and energy balances solved by mathematical programming methods. The energy charac-teristics of the equipment are determined in accordance with the existing regulatory approach. The methodology for determining the energy characteristics of turbine plants developed in the framework of the matrix formalization meth-odology has been extended to the case of calculating steam turbines with two-stage heating selection by taking into account the dependence of the efficiency indicators of the low-pressure flow part on the position of the control diaphragm for different modes of heating network water. The results of test calculations with reasonable accuracy coincided with the energy characteristics of the operating turbine. For modes with one- and two-stage heating of network water, it is advisable to use different methods of accounting for the efficiency indicators of the low-pressure flow part. In this case, the introduction of the dependence of the internal relative efficiency of the low pressure part on the relative volumetric steam flow into the model for the regime with two-stage heating of network water allows achieving accuracy acceptable for solving practical problems.
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Ismail, Meor Mohd Rizal, Jazair Yahya Wira, Aminuddin Abu e Mohd Azman Zainul Abidin. "Thermal Energy Harvesting From Automotive Waste Heat". Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (maggio 2012): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.498.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this study was to determine the best method for waste thermal energy recovery from internal combustion engine (ICE). There are several technologies that can be used to accomplish this objective such as turbocharger, combined turbines, Stirling engine, Seebeck effect and Rankine cycle. Two elements that need to be taken into consideration in order to choose the best technology for waste heat recovery system are the complexity of the system and the method to utilize waste heat energy from engine. After a reviewing some of past research work, it was determined that Rankine cycle appears to be one of the best technology to recover waste heat from ICE. Improved design in Rankine cycle configuration and selection of the highest evaporation enthalpy working fluid are said to be necessary. This study finally proposed that future related research should focus on recovering waste heat from the engine waste heat (engine block) only. This is predicted to give an additional power output of approximately 10%.
17
Dechamps, P. J., N. Pirard e Ph Mathieu. "Part-Load Operation of Combined Cycle Plants With and Without Supplementary Firing". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, n. 3 (1 luglio 1995): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2814120.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The design point performance of combined cycle power plants has been steadily increasing, because of improvements both in the gas turbine technology and in the heat recovery technology, with multiple pressure heat recovery steam generators. The concern remains, however, that combined cycle power plants, like all installations based on gas turbines, have a rapid performance degradation when the load is reduced. In particular, it is well known that the efficiency degradation of a combined cycle is more rapid than that of a classical steam plant. This paper describes a methodology that can be used to evaluate the part-load performances of combined cycle units. Some examples are presented and discussed, covering multiple pressure arrangements, incorporating supplemental firing and possibly reheat. Some emphasis is put on the additional flexibility offered by the use of supplemental firing, in conjunction with schemes comprising more than one gas turbine per steam turbine. The influence of the gas turbine controls, like the use of variable inlet guide vanes in the compressor control, is also discussed.
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Lugand, P., e C. Parietti. "Combined Cycle Plants With Frame 9F Gas Turbines". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1991): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906264.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The new 200 MW class MS 9001F gas turbines allow combined cycle plants to reach even higher output levels and greater efficiency ratings. Size factor and higher firing temperatures, with a three-pressure level steam reheat cycle, offer plant efficiencies in excess of 53 percent. Heat recovery steam generators have been designed to accommodate catalytic reduction elements limiting flue gas NOx emissions to as low as 10 ppm VD (15 percent O2). A range of steam turbine models covers the different possible configurations. Various arrangements based on the 350 or 650 MW power generation modules can be optimally configured to the requirements of each site.
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Janes, Harry, James Cavazzoni, Guna Alagappan, David Specca e Joseph Willis. "Landfill Gas to Energy: A Demonstration Controlled Environment Agriculture System". HortScience 40, n. 2 (aprile 2005): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.2.279.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A qualitative systems approach to controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is presented by means of several multi-institutional projects integrated into a demonstration greenhouse at the Burlington County Resource Recovery Complex (BCRRC), N.J. The greenhouse has about 0.4 ha of production space, and is located about 800 m from the about 40-ha BCRRC landfill site. A portion of the landfill gas produced from the BCRRC site is used for microturbine electricity generation and for heating the greenhouse. The waste heat from the turbines, which are roughly 15 m from the greenhouse, is used as the main heat source for the greenhouse in the winter months, and to desalinate water when heating is not required. Recovery of this waste heat increases the energy efficiency of the four 30-kW turbines from about 25% to 75%. Within the greenhouse, aquaculture and hydroponic crop production are coupled by recycling the aquaculture effluent as a nutrient source for the plants. Both the sludge resulting from the filtered effluent and the inedible biomass from harvested plants are vermicomposted (i.e., rather than being sent to the landfill), resulting in marketable products such as soil amendments and liquid plant fertilizer. If suitably cleaned of contaminants, the CO2 from the landfill gas may be used to enrich the plant growing area within the greenhouse to increase the yield of the edible products. Landfill gas from the BCRRC site has successfully been processed to recover liquid commercial grade CO2 and contaminant-free methane-CO2, with the potential for this gas mixture to be applied as a feedstock for fuel cells or for methanol production. Carbon dioxide from the turbine exhaust may also be recovered for greenhouse enrichment. Alternatively, algal culture may be used to assimilate CO2 from the turbine exhaust into biomass, which may then be used as a biofuel, or possibly as fish feed, thus making the system more self-contained. By recycling energy and materials, the system described would displace fossil fuel use, mitigating negative environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, and generate less waste in need of disposal. Successful implementation of the coupled landfill (gas-to-energy · aquaponic · desalination) system would particularly benefit developing regions, such as those of the Greater Caribbean Basin.
20
Huang, F. F. "Performance Evaluation of Selected Combustion Gas Turbine Cogeneration Systems Based on First and Second-Law Analysis". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1990): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906465.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thermodynamic performance of selected combustion gas turbine cogeneration systems has been studied based on first-law as well as second-law analysis. The effects of the pinch point used in the design of the heat recovery steam generator, and pressure of process steam on fuel-utilization efficiency (first-law efficiency), power-to-heat ratio, and second-law efficiency, are examined. Results for three systems using state-of-the-art industrial gas turbines show clearly that performance evaluation based on first-law efficiency alone is inadequate. Decision makers should find the methodology contained in this paper useful in the comparison and selection of cogeneration systems.
21
Brander, J. A., e D. L. Chase. "Repowering Application Considerations". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1992): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906637.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As utilities plan for load growth in the 1990s, they are faced with the difficulty of choosing the most economic generation while subject to a number of challenging constraints. These constraints include environmental regulations, particularly the new Clean Air Act, risk aversion, fuel availability and costs, etc. One of the options open to many utilities with existing steam units is repowering, which involves the installation of gas turbine(s) and heat recovery steam generator(s) (HRSG) to convert the steam plant to combined-cycle operation. This paper takes an overall look at the application considerations involved in the use of this generating option, beginning with a summary of the size ranges of existing steam turbines that can be repowered using the GE gas turbine product line. Other topics covered include performance estimates for repowered cycles, current emissions capabilities of GE gas turbines, approximate space requirements and repowering economics.
22
Zhu, Dengting, Yun Lin e Xinqian Zheng. "Strategy on performance improvement of inverse Brayton cycle system for energy recovery in turbocharged diesel engines". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 234, n. 1 (9 maggio 2019): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650919847920.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The inverse Brayton cycle is a potential technology for waste heat energy recovery. It consists of three components: one turbine, one heat exchanger, and one compressor. The exhaust gas is further expanded to subatmospheric pressure in the turbine, and then cooled in the heat exchanger, last compressed in the compressor into the atmosphere. The process above is the reverse of the pressurized Brayton cycle. This work has presented the strategy on performance improvement of the inverse Brayton cycle system for energy recovery in turbocharged diesel engines, which has pointed the way to the future development of the inverse Brayton cycle system. In the paper, an experiment was presented to validate the numerical model of a 2.0 l turbocharged diesel engine. Meanwhile, the influence laws of the inverse Brayton cycle system critical parameters, including turbocharger speed and efficiencies, and heat exchanger efficiency, on the system performance improvement for energy recovery are explored at various engine operations. The results have shown that the engine exhaust energy recovery efficiency increases with the engine speed up, and it has a maximum increment of 6.1% at the engine speed of 4000 r/min (the engine rated power point) and the full load. At the moment, the absolute pressure was before final compression is 51.9 kPa. For the inverse Brayton cycle system development in the future, it is essential to choose a more effective heat exchanger. Moreover, variable geometry turbines are very appropriate to achieve a proper matching between the turbocharging system and the inverse Brayton cycle system.
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Sancho-Bastos, Francisco, e Horacio Perez-Blanco. "Cogeneration System Simulation and Control to Meet Simultaneous Power, Heating, and Cooling Demands". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, n. 2 (1 aprile 2005): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1789993.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Gas turbines are projected to meet increasing power demand throughout the world. Cogeneration plants hold the promise of increased efficiency at acceptable cost. In a general case, a cogen plant could be able to meet power, heating and cooling demands. Yet those demands are normally uncoupled. Control and storage strategies need to be explored to ensure that each independent demand will be met continuously. A dynamic model of a mid-capacity system is developed, including gas and steam turbines, two heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) and an absorption-cooling machine. Controllers are designed using linear quadratic regulators (LQR) to control two turbines and a HRSG with some novelty. It is found that the power required could be generated exclusively with exhaust gases, without a duct burner in the high-pressure HRSG. The strategy calls for fuel and steam flow rate modulation for each turbine. The stability of the controlled system and its performance are studied and simulations for different demand cases are performed.
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Sebelev, Aleksandr, Aleksandr Kirillov, Gennadii Porshnev, Kirill Lapshin e Aleksandr Laskin. "Thermodynamic analysis of design and part-load operation of a novel waste heat recovery unit". MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824504010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) thermodynamic optimization is of critical importance while developing new plants. Optimization procedures may be imed at the highest efficiency as well as cost or sizing minimization. Optimization process is generally carried out for plant nominal rating. At the same time, part-load operation has to be carefully considered in case of waste heat recovery from flue gases coming from internal combustion engines or gas turbines. Gas mass flow and temperature variations are specific to this application, significantly influencing ORC plant performance. Secure prediction of part-load operation is of particular importance for assessment of plant power output, providing stability and safety and utilizing proper control strategy. In this paper design and off-design cycle simulation model is proposed. Off-design performance of the ORC cycle recovering waste heat from gas turbine unit installed at gas compressor station is considered. Major factors affecting system performance are outlined.
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Chaczykowski, Maciej. "Organic Rankine Cycle for Residual Heat to Power Conversion in Natural Gas Compressor Station. Part I: Modelling and Optimisation Framework". Archives of Mining Sciences 61, n. 2 (1 giugno 2016): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2016-0018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Basic organic Rankine cycle (ORC), and two variants of regenerative ORC have been considered for the recovery of exhaust heat from natural gas compressor station. The modelling framework for ORC systems has been presented and the optimisation of the systems was carried out with turbine power output as the variable to be maximized. The determination of ORC system design parameters was accomplished by means of the genetic algorithm. The study was aimed at estimating the thermodynamic potential of different ORC configurations with several working fluids employed. The first part of this paper describes the ORC equipment models which are employed to build a NLP formulation to tackle design problems representative for waste energy recovery on gas turbines driving natural gas pipeline compressors.
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Rice, I. G. "Split Stream Boilers for High-Temperature/High-Pressure Topping Steam Turbine Combined Cycles". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, n. 2 (1 aprile 1997): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815586.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research and development work on high-temperature and high-pressure (up to 1500°F TIT and 4500 psia) topping steam turbines and associated steam generators for steam power plants as well as combined cycle plants is being carried forward by DOE, EPRI, and independent companies. Aeroderivative gas turbines and heavy-duty gas turbines both will require exhaust gas supplementary firing to achieve high throttle temperatures. This paper presents an analysis and examples of a split stream boiler arrangement for high-temperature and high-pressure topping steam turbine combined cycles. A portion of the gas turbine exhaust flow is run in parallel with a conventional heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This side stream is supplementary fired opposed to the current practice of full exhaust flow firing. Chemical fuel gas recuperation can be incorporated in the side stream as an option. A significant combined cycle efficiency gain of 2 to 4 percentage points can be realized using this split stream approach. Calculations and graphs show how the DOE goal of 60 percent combined cycle efficiency burning natural gas fuel can be exceeded. The boiler concept is equally applicable to the integrated coal gas fuel combined cycle (IGCC).
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Ancona, Maria Alessandra, Michele Bianchi, Lisa Branchini, Andrea De Pascale, Francesco Melino, Antonio Peretto e Noemi Torricelli. "Systematic Comparison of ORC and s-CO2 Combined Heat and Power Plants for Energy Harvesting in Industrial Gas Turbines". Energies 14, n. 12 (9 giugno 2021): 3402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123402.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Gas turbine power plants are widely employed with constrained efficiency in the industrial field, where they often work under variable load conditions caused by variations in demand, leading to fluctuating exhaust gas temperatures. Suitable energy harvesting solutions can be identified in bottoming cycles, such as the conventional Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) or the innovative supercritical CO2 (s-CO2) systems. This paper presents a detailed comparison of the potential of ORC and s-CO2 as bottomers of industrial gas turbines in a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) configuration. Different gas turbine models, covering the typical industrial size range, are taken into account and both full- and part-load operations are considered. Performance, component dimensions, and operating costs are investigated, considering ORC and s-CO2 systems specifics in line with the current state-of-the-art products, experience, and technological limits. Results of the study show that the s-CO2 could be more appropriate for CHP applications. Both the electric and thermal efficiency of s-CO2 bottoming cycle show higher values compared with ORC, also due to the fact that in the examined s-CO2 solution, the cycle pressure ratio is not affected by the thermal user temperature. At part-load operation, the gas turbine regulation strategy affects the energy harvesting performance in a CHP arrangement. The estimated total plant investment cost results to be higher for the s-CO2, caused by the higher size of the heat recovery heat exchanger but also by the high specific investment cost still associated to this component. This point seems to make the s-CO2 not profitable as the ORC solution for industrial gas turbine heat recovery applications. Nevertheless, a crucial parameter determining the feasibility of the investment is the prospective carbon tax application.
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Dellenback, Paul A. "A Reassessment of the Alternative Regeneration Cycle". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, n. 4 (19 agosto 2005): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2179079.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two prior papers and several patents have considered improvements to a gas turbine engine’s cycle efficiency by using two turbines in series with an intermediate heat exchanger that preheats combustion air. This approach allows heating the combustion air to temperatures higher than those that can be achieved with “conventional regeneration” in which the combustion products are fully expanded across a turbine before any heat recovery. Since heat addition in the combustor of the “alternative regeneration” cycle occurs at a higher average temperature, then under certain conditions the cycle efficiency can be higher than that available from a cycle using conventional regeneration. This paper reconsiders the usefulness of the alternative regeneration cycle with more detailed modeling than has been presented previously. The revised modeling shows that the alternative regeneration cycle can produce efficiencies higher than conventional regeneration, but only for a more limited set of conditions than previously reported. For high-technology engines operating at high temperatures, the alternative regeneration cycle efficiencies can be three to four percentage points better than comparable conventional regeneration cycles. For lower-technology engines, which are more typical of those currently installed, improvements in efficiency only occur at lower values of heat exchanger effectiveness, which limits the usefulness of the alternative regeneration cycle. Also considered is an extension to the cycle that employs a second heat exchanger downstream of the second turbine for the purpose of further preheating the combustion air. In its optimum configuration, this “staged heat recovery” can produce additional small improvements of between 0.3 and 2.3 percentage points in cycle efficiency, depending on the particular cycle parameters assumed.
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Mazzoni, Stefano, Srithar Rajoo e Alessandro Romagnoli. "A boil-off gas utilization for improved performance of heavy duty gas turbines in combined cycle". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 233, n. 1 (3 maggio 2018): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650918772658.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The storage of the natural gas under liquid phase is widely adopted and one of the intrinsic phenomena occurring in liquefied natural gas is the so-called boil-off gas; this consists of the regasification of the natural gas due to the ambient temperature and loss of adiabacity in the storage tank. As the boil-off occurs, the so-called cold energy is released to the surrounding environment; such a cold energy could potentially be recovered for several end-uses such as cooling power generation, air separation, air conditioning, dry-ice manufacturing and conditioning of inlet air at the compressor of gas turbine engines. This paper deals with the benefit corresponding to the cooling down of the inlet air temperature to the compressor, by means of internal heat transfer recovery from the liquefied natural gas boil-off gas cold energy availability. The lower the compressor inlet temperature, the higher the gas turbine performance (power and efficiency); the exploitation of the liquefied natural gas boil-off gas cold energy also corresponds to a higher amount of air flow rate entering the cycle which plays in favour of the bottoming heat recovery steam generator and the related steam cycle. Benefit of this solution, in terms of yearly work and gain increase have been established by means of ad hoc developed component models representing heat transfer device (air/boil-off gas) and heavy duty 300 MW gas turbine. For a given ambient temperature variability over a year, the results of the analysis have proven that the increase of electricity production and efficiency due to the boil-off gas cold energy recovery has finally yield a revenue increase of 600,000€/year.
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Vandersickel, A., W. G. Wedel e H. Spliethoff. "High temperature heat and water recovery in steam injected gas turbines using an open absorption heat pump". Applied Thermal Engineering 165 (gennaio 2020): 114663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114663.
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Popescu, Jeni Alina, Valeriu Vilag, Cleopatra Florentina Cuciumita e Valentin Silivestru. "Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Calculating the Performances of an Industrial Turboshaft". Applied Mechanics and Materials 555 (giugno 2014): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.555.121.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper presents two approaches for the thermodynamic cycle analysis applied to gas turbines. For a 1,500 kW industrial engine, still in development, different configurations are considered, the most complex including intercooling and heat recovery components. The theoretical algorithm, a conventional compromise between simplicity and accuracy, is presented in the first part of the paper. The second part describes a numerical approach for calculating the operating cycle of a gas turbine and presenting the methods for preparing the particular required format. The conclusions are related to the future work necessary for finalizing a numerical code able to analyse different gas cycle options allowing to obtain the desired output power and efficiency.
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Ma, Zheshu, e Jieer Wu. "Efficiency optimization of a closed indirectly fired gas turbine cycle working under two variable-temperature heat reservoirs". Archives of Thermodynamics 32, n. 2 (1 agosto 2011): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-011-0006-4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Efficiency optimization of a closed indirectly fired gas turbine cycle working under two variable-temperature heat reservoirsIndirectly or externally fired gas turbines (IFGT or EFGT) are interesting technologies under development for small and medium scale combined heat and power (CHP) supplies in combination with micro gas turbine technologies. The emphasis is primarily on the utilization of the waste heat from the turbine in a recuperative process and the possibility of burning biomass even "dirty" fuel by employing a high temperature heat exchanger (HTHE) to avoid the combustion gases passing through the turbine. In this paper, finite time thermodynamics is employed in the performance analysis of a class of irreversible closed IFGT cycles coupled to variable temperature heat reservoirs. Based on the derived analytical formulae for the dimensionless power output and efficiency, the efficiency optimization is performed in two aspects. The first is to search the optimum heat conductance distribution corresponding to the efficiency optimization among the hot- and cold-side of the heat reservoirs and the high temperature heat exchangers for a fixed total heat exchanger inventory. The second is to search the optimum thermal capacitance rate matching corresponding to the maximum efficiency between the working fluid and the high-temperature heat reservoir for a fixed ratio of the thermal capacitance rates of the two heat reservoirs. The influences of some design parameters on the optimum heat conductance distribution, the optimum thermal capacitance rate matching and the maximum power output, which include the inlet temperature ratio of the two heat reservoirs, the efficiencies of the compressor and the gas turbine, and the total pressure recovery coefficient, are provided by numerical examples. The power plant configuration under optimized operation condition leads to a smaller size, including the compressor, turbine, two heat reservoirs and the HTHE.
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Read, MG, IK Smith e N. Stosic. "Optimisation of power generation cycles using saturated liquid expansion to maximise heat recovery". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, n. 1 (11 dicembre 2016): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408916679202.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of two-phase screw expanders in power generation cycles can achieve an increase in the utilisation of available energy from a low-temperature heat source when compared with more conventional single-phase turbines. The efficiency of screw expander machines is sensitive to expansion volume ratio, which, for given inlet and discharge pressures, increases as the expander inlet vapour dryness fraction decreases. For single-stage screw machines with low inlet dryness, this can lead to underexpansion of the working fluid and low isentropic efficiency. The cycle efficiency can potentially be improved by using a two-stage expander, consisting of a machine for low-pressure expansion and a smaller high-pressure machine connected in series. By expanding the working fluid over two stages, the built-in volume ratios of the two machines can be selected to provide a better match with the overall expansion process, thereby increasing the efficiency. The mass flow rate though both stages must be matched, and the compromise between increasing efficiency and maximising power output must also be considered. This study is based on the use of a rigorous thermodynamic screw machine model to compare the performance of single- and two-stage expanders. The model allows optimisation of the required intermediate pressure in the two-stage expander, along with the built-in volume ratio of both screw machine stages. The results allow specification of a two-stage machine, using either two screw machines or a combination of high-pressure screw and low-pressure turbine, in order to achieve maximum efficiency for a particular power output. For the low-temperature heat recovery application considered in this paper, the trilateral flash cycle using a two-stage expander and the Smith cycle using a high-pressure screw and low-pressure turbine are both predicted to achieve a similar overall conversion efficiency to that of a conventional saturated vapour organic Rankine cycle.
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Carcasci, Carlo, Riccardo Ferraro e Edoardo Miliotti. "Thermodynamic analysis of an organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery from gas turbines". Energy 65 (febbraio 2014): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.11.080.
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Carcasci, Carlo, Lapo Cheli, Pietro Lubello e Lorenzo Winchler. "Off-Design Performances of an Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery from Gas Turbines". Energies 13, n. 5 (2 marzo 2020): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051105.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents an off-design analysis of a gas turbine Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) combined cycle. Combustion turbine performances are significantly affected by fluctuations in ambient conditions, leading to relevant variations in the exhaust gases’ mass flow rate and temperature. The effects of the variation of ambient air temperature have been considered in the simulation of the topper cycle and of the condenser in the bottomer one. Analyses have been performed for different working fluids (toluene, benzene and cyclopentane) and control systems have been introduced on critical parameters, such as oil temperature and air mass flow rate at the condenser fan. Results have highlighted similar power outputs for cycles based on benzene and toluene, while differences as high as 34% have been found for cyclopentane. The power output trend with ambient temperature has been found to be influenced by slope discontinuities in gas turbine exhaust mass flow rate and temperature and by the upper limit imposed on the air mass flow rate at the condenser as well, suggesting the importance of a correct sizing of the component in the design phase. Overall, benzene-based cycle power output has been found to vary between 4518 kW and 3346 kW in the ambient air temperature range considered.
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Castro Oliveira, Miguel, Muriel Iten, Pedro L. Cruz e Helena Monteiro. "Review on Energy Efficiency Progresses, Technologies and Strategies in the Ceramic Sector Focusing on Waste Heat Recovery". Energies 13, n. 22 (20 novembre 2020): 6096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226096.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thermal processes represent a considerable part of the total energy consumption in manufacturing industry, in sectors such as steel, aluminium, cement, ceramic and glass, among others. It can even be the predominant type of energy consumption in some sectors. High thermal energy processes are mostly associated to high thermal losses, (commonly denominated as waste heat), reinforcing the need for waste heat recovery (WHR) strategies. WHR has therefore been identified as a relevant solution to increase energy efficiency in industrial thermal applications, namely in energy intensive consumers. The ceramic sector is a clear example within the manufacturing industry mainly due to the fuel consumption required for the following processes: firing, drying and spray drying. This paper reviews studies on energy efficiency improvement measures including WHR practices applied to the ceramic sector. This focuses on technologies and strategies which have significant potential to promote energy savings and carbon emissions reduction. The measures have been grouped into three main categories: (i) equipment level; (ii) plant level; and (iii) outer plant level. Some examples include: (i) high efficiency burners; (ii) hot air recycling from kilns to other processes and installation of heat exchangers; and (iii) installation of gas turbine for combined heat and power (CHP). It is observed that energy efficiency solutions allow savings up to 50–60% in the case of high efficiency burners; 15% energy savings for hot air recycling solutions and 30% in the when gas turbines are considered for CHP. Limitations to the implementation of some measures have been identified such as the high investment costs associated, for instance, with certain heat exchangers as well as the corrosive nature of certain available exhaust heat.
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Salah, Salma I., Mahmoud A. Khader, Martin T. White e Abdulnaser I. Sayma. "Mean-Line Design of a Supercritical CO2 Micro Axial Turbine". Applied Sciences 10, n. 15 (23 luglio 2020): 5069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155069.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles are promising candidates for concentrated-solar power and waste-heat recovery applications, having advantages of compact turbomachinery and high cycle efficiencies at heat-source temperature in the range of 400 to 800 ∘C. However, for distributed-scale systems (0.1–1.0 MW) the choice of turbomachinery type is unclear. Radial turbines are known to be an effective machine for micro-scale applications. Alternatively, feasible single-stage axial turbine designs could be achieved allowing for better heat transfer control and improved bearing life. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the design of a single-stage 100 kW sCO2 axial turbine through the identification of optimal turbine design parameters from both mechanical and aerodynamic performance perspectives. For this purpose, a preliminary design tool has been developed and refined by accounting for passage losses using loss models that are widely used for the design of turbomachinery operating with fluids such as air or steam. The designs were assessed for a turbine that runs at inlet conditions of 923 K, 170 bar, expansion ratio of 3 and shaft speeds of 150k, 200k and 250k RPM respectively. It was found that feasible single-stage designs could be achieved if the turbine is designed with a high loading coefficient and low flow coefficient. Moreover, a turbine with the lowest degree of reaction, over a specified range from 0 to 0.5, was found to achieve the highest efficiency and highest inlet rotor angles.
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Matveev, Yury, Marina Cherkasova, Viktor Rassokhin, Kirill Lapshin, Nikolay Kortikov, Rostislav Ivanovski, Evgenii Yurevich, Sergey Vokhmyanin, Viktor Popov e Irina Akhmetova. "Determination of the optimal working fluid for the turbine recovering combustion engine exhaust gases heat". E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199101001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Microsteam turbine implementation for combustion engine exhaust gases heat recovery and subsequent acquisition of additional power is being investigated in many developed countries of the world. The results of such studies have already found application in some trucks. But this type of turbines is very weak in the Russian market. Turbine installation behind the combustion engine works under conditions of low volumetric flow of work fluid. This leads to a decrease in the height of the blade and vane wheels flow passage and an increase of the relative values of the gaps in the seals which are the reasons for the growth of the working fluid leakages. High degree of pressure reduction when selecting single-stage turbine leads to a supersonic velocity in the flow passage and an increase of the losses due to powerful shock waves. The efficiency of the turbine installation under these operating conditions is low and requires additional investigations. In this work, the working fluids which can give the greatest efficiency of the turbine installation were investigated. It was shown that not only thermodynamic but also hazardous and economic parameters must be taken into consideration. Working fluid with the high thermodynamic efficiency was compared with the one that profitable from economic point of view. The most appropriate substance was chosen and implemented in the microsteam turbine. The turbine stage which allows increasing economy and ecological compatibility of the combustion engine was developed and optimized by analytical methods.
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Consonni, S., e E. D. Larson. "Biomass-Gasifier/Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Combined Cycles: Part A—Technologies and Performance Modeling". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, n. 3 (1 luglio 1996): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816677.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Gas turbines fueled by integrated biomass gasifiers are a promising option for base load electricity generation from a renewable resource. Aeroderivative turbines, which are characterized by high efficiencies at smaller scales, are of special interest because transportation costs for biomass constrain biomass conversion facilities to relatively modest scales. Commercial development activities and major technological issues associated with biomass integrated-gasifier/gas turbine (BIG/GT) combined cycle power generation are reviewed in Part A of this two-part paper. Also, the computational model and the assumptions used to predict the overall performance of alternative BIG/GT cycles are outlined. The model evaluates appropriate value of key parameters (turbomachinery efficiencies, gas turbine cooling flows, steam production in the heat recovery steam generator, etc.) and then carries out energy, mass, and chemical species balances for each plant component, with iterations to insure whole-plant consistency. Part B of the paper presents detailed comparisons of the predicted performance of systems now being proposed for commercial installation in the 25–30 MWe power output range, as well as predictions for advanced combined cycle configurations (including with intercooling) with outputs from 22 to 75 MWe. Finally, an economic assessment is presented, based on preliminary capital cost estimates for BIG/GT combined cycles.
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El-Ghonemy, A. "Gas Turbines waste heat/power recovery in tropical climate zones: Case study. (Dept. M ( Production ) )". Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering. Mansoura University 40, n. 4 (12 luglio 2020): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2020.102396.
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Siddiqui, Muhammad Ehtisham, e Khalid H. Almitani. "Proposal and Thermodynamic Assessment of S-CO2 Brayton Cycle Layout for Improved Heat Recovery". Entropy 22, n. 3 (6 marzo 2020): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22030305.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article deals with the thermodynamic assessment of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton power cycles. The main advantage of S-CO2 cycles is the capability of achieving higher efficiencies at significantly lower temperatures in comparison to conventional steam Rankine cycles. In the past decade, variety of configurations and layouts of S-CO2 cycles have been investigated targeting efficiency improvement. In this paper, four different layouts have been studied (with and without reheat): Simple Brayton cycle, Recompression Brayton cycle, Recompression Brayton cycle with partial cooling and the proposed layout called Recompression Brayton cycle with partial cooling and improved heat recovery (RBC-PC-IHR). Energetic and exergetic performances of all configurations were analyzed. Simple configuration is the least efficient due to poor heat recovery mechanism. RBC-PC-IHR layout achieved the best thermal performance in both reheat and no reheat configurations ( η t h = 59.7% with reheat and η t h = 58.2 without reheat at 850 °C), which was due to better heat recovery in comparison to other layouts. The detailed component-wise exergy analysis shows that the turbines and compressors have minimal contribution towards exergy destruction in comparison to what is lost by heat exchangers and heat source.
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Bhargava, R., M. Bianchi, G. Negri di Montenegro e A. Peretto. "Thermo-Economic Analysis of an Intercooled, Reheat and Recuperated Gas Turbine for Cogeneration Applications–Part I: Base Load Operation". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2000): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1413463.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of an intercooled, reheat (ICRH) gas turbine, with and without recuperation, for cogeneration applications. The optimization analyses of thermodynamic parameters have permitted to calculate variables, such as low-pressure compressor pressure ratio, high-pressure turbine pressure ratio and gas temperature at the waste heat recovery unit inlet while maximizing electric efficiency and “Energy Saving Index.” Subsequently, the economic analyses have allowed to evaluate return on the investment, and the minimum value of gross payout period, for the cycle configurations of highest thermodynamic performance. In the present study three sizes (100 MW, 20 MW, and 5 MW) of gas turbines have been examined. The performed investigation reveals that the maximum value of electric efficiency and “Energy Saving Index” is achieved for a large size (100 MW) recuperated ICRH gas turbine based cogeneration system. However, a nonrecuperated ICRH gas turbine (of 100 MW) based cogeneration system provides maximum value of return on the investment and the minimum value of gross payout period compared to the other gas turbine cycles, of the same size and with same power to heat ratio, investigated in the present study. A comprehensive thermo-economic analysis methodology, presented in this paper, should provide useful guidelines for preliminary sizing and selection of gas turbine cycle for cogeneration applications.
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Abdul-Razzak, H. A., e R. W. Porter. "Thermoeconomic Optimization of Sensible Heat Thermal Storage for Cogenerated Waste-to-Energy Recovery". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1995): 832–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815472.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper investigates the feasibility of employing thermal storage for cogenerated waste-to-energy recovery such as using mass-burning water-wall incinerators and topping steam turbines. Sensible thermal storage is considered in rectangular cross-sectioned channels through which is passed unused process steam at 1307 kPa/250°C (175 psig/482°F) during the storage period and feedwater at 1307 kPa/102°C (175 psig/216°F) during the recovery period. In determining the optimum storage configuration, it is found that the economic feasibility is a function of mass and specific heat of the material and surface area of the channel as well as cost of material and fabrication. Economic considerations included typical cash flows of capital charges, energy revenues, operation and maintenance, and income taxes. Cast concrete is determined to be a potentially attractive storage medium.
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Santos, C. F. P., R. F. S. Paulino, C. E. Tuna, J. L. Silveira e F. H. M. Araújo. "THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF A COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT". Revista de Engenharia Térmica 13, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2014): 03. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v13i2.62086.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this article is to through the analysis of the first law of thermodynamic for a combined cycle determines the ecological coefficient of the same. This system consists of two gas turbines, two heat recovery boilers and a steam turbine, having a total installed capacity of power generation of 500 MW. This plant will be installed in a small town located 180 km from São Paulo. This place was chosen based on technical aspects by present proximity to the pipeline and transmission line, water availability and other favorable environmental aspects of the project. The natural gas that will serve as the plant's fuel will come from the Field of Mexilhão, from the base of Caraguatatuba, and the water used for cooling will come from the Paraíba do Sul River.
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Wang, Zhen, e Liqiang Duan. "Thermoeconomic Optimization of Steam Pressure of Heat Recovery Steam Generator in Combined Cycle Gas Turbine under Different Operation Strategies". Energies 14, n. 16 (14 agosto 2021): 4991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164991.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The optimization of the steam parameters of the heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) of Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGT) has become one of the important means to reduce the power generation cost of combined cycle units. Based on the structural theory of thermoeconomics, a thermoeconomic optimization model for a triple pressure reheat HRSG is established. Taking the minimization of the power generation cost of the combined cycle system as the optimization objective, an optimization algorithm based on three factors and six levels of orthogonal experimental samples to determine the optimal solution for the high, intermediate and low pressure steam pressures under different gas turbine (GT) operation strategies. The variation law and influencing factors of the system power generation cost with the steam pressure level under all operation strategies are analyzed. The research results show that the system power generation cost decreases as the GT load rate increases, T4 plays a dominant role in the selection of the optimal pressure level for high pressure (HP) steam and, in order to obtain the optimum power generation cost, the IGV T3-650-F mode should be adopted to keep the T4 at a high level under different GT load rates.
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Diakun, Inna, Mykhailo Kirsanov e Vitalii Ruban. "Substantiation of the effectiveness of the hydro-steam turbines application in mine power complexes for excess heat recovery". E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main problems connected with an increase in the performance efficiency of the mine power complexes, should include issues of rational use of fuel in power facilities, as well as the maximum consumption of produced thermal and electrical energy. One solution to this problem has been proposed to use in schematic solutions the reaction-type hydro-steam turbine for excess heat recovery of and generation of additional electrical energy. The condition has been set in the article for the choice of the configuration of a hydro-steam turbine nozzle with a high efficiency of energy conversion, as well as the variants have been studied of principle schemes for energy complexes: the scheme for a power facility, consisting of a gas-reciprocating module, on the shaft of which a module with a hydro-steam turbine is set, as well as the scheme for a module placement of back pressure turbine and hydro-steam turbine on the same shaft with a gas-reciprocating module. A comparative analysis has been performed of energy efficiency of the proposed principle schemes for the energy complexes.
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Matveev, Yury, Marina Cherkasova, Viktor Rassokhin, Viktor Barskov, Victor Chernikov, Konstantin Andreev, Nikolay Kortikov, Oksana Nikiforova e Vladimir Yadikin. "Microturbine power plant for utilization of the heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines". E3S Web of Conferences 221 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022101002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the investigation and development of microsteam turbine unit of the LPI design for utilization of heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. This installation will reduce the world carbon dioxide emissions, as well as add useful power for the needs of the consumer. Efficiency and environmental friendliness of the engine will increase. The article discusses development of the main directions of improvement of high-loaded steps of LPI, expansion of modern outlooks on the directions of MRI development and the use of LPI steps in the systems of heat recovery of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine. The possibility to utilize the heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines by means of a turbine unit and the subsequent receipt of additional useful capacities are investigated in many developed countries of the world. Germany, Sweden, Japan, PRC and other leading countries in the automotive industry are intensively conducting works in this direction. The results of such studies have already found application in some freight cars. In the Russian market, this type of turbine is spread very weakly. Turbine unit behind the internal combustion engine works in conditions of low volumetric consumption of the working fluid, which leads to a decrease in the heights of the flow parts of the guides and working grids, because of which the relative gaps in the seals increase. This leads to the growth of leakage of the working fluid. On the other hand, a high degree of pressure reduction when choosing single-stage turbines leads to supersonic
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Bartlett, Michael A., e Mats O. Westermark. "A Study of Humidified Gas Turbines for Short-Term Realization in Midsized Power Generation—Part I: Nonintercooled Cycle Analysis". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2005): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1788683.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Humidified Gas Turbine (HGT) cycles are a group of advanced gas turbine cycles that use water-air mixtures as the working media. In this article, three known HGT configurations are examined in the context of short-term realization for small to midsized power generation: the Steam Injected Gas Turbine, the Full-flow Evaporative Gas Turbine, and the Part-flow Evaporative Gas Turbine. The heat recovery characteristics and performance potential of these three cycles are assessed, with and without intercooling, and a preliminary economic analysis is carried out for the most promising cycles.
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Tarasenko, Yuriy, Ludmila Krivina e Sergei Kirikov. "Pulse micro-surfacing as nonconventional method within the comprehensive technology of the gas-turbine engine recovery". MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401024.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The results of the experimental studies on the choice of optimal surfacing material for a pulse micro-surfacing of the details made of monocrystal nickel superalloys are set out. The microstructure, the microhardness, the adhesion strength and the heat-resistant stability of the built-up zones have been analyzed. The results of the research have been introduced within the elaboration of technological process of recovering working capacity and prolongation of a resource of the first step working blades of gas turbines SGT-800 Siemens, having completed their operating life (~23 000 equivalent hours).
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Li, Chang, e Yuchao Huang. "Ecotechnical Analysis of Gas Turbines Heat Recycling Using Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in Gas Pressure Amplification Facilities". Mapta Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MJMIE) 4, n. 1 (23 settembre 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33544/mjmie.v4i1.123.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since the output temperature of the turbine in gas amplification stations is very high, there is the potential of using the joint production of heat and electricity. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), for recovering the waste heat of gas turbines, is being used around the world as a reliable and economical technology. This cycle has technical, economic and performance advantages comparing to the classic Rankine cycle. ORC cycle simulation using ASPEN HYSYS software was such that the simplest ORC cycle works with a single fluid and has the least efficiency among more advanced and common processes, is chosen to apply the choices and the work conditions of the sample station in. Since the executer companies of ORC cycle don’t use the simple cycle because of its low efficiency, we have used the simple process only to start simulating the more complicated cycles. If we assume pentane fluid to be the fluid of the simple cycle, we can get the pure output power, efficiency and capital return per different environment temperatures, turbo compressor’s other output discharges and also its different temperature, in various temperatures and different discharges. If the number of facilities which are equipped with the heat recovery system increases, the cost of each megawatt of produced power will significantly decrease and capital return decreases to two years or even less. Using the ORC cycle to return the capital under seven years is also justifiable economically.