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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Hexose sugar"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 19 febbraio 2022

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1

Liu, Xiao Chen, Ping Wang, Ying Long He, Yong Lei Kou, Biao Zhang, Gui Fu Dai, and Jian Wu. "Rapid Determination of Pentose and Hexose Sugars in Mixed Sugars by Multiple Linear Regression Calibration Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 145 (December 2011): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.145.159.

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This research provides an improvement for the method of Douglas to determine pentose and hexose sugars in mixed sugars. Specific absorption wave of 553 nm for pentose derivatives and 408 nm for hexose derivatives are selected for determination, and the interference from pentose sugar to hexose sugar is corrected with multiple linear regression method. The results show that the interference from pentose sugar is reduced greatly after multiple linear regression calibration; the error is lower than 5.0 %. The experimental results show a satisfying precision and accuracy, with a recovery range fro

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2

Balibrea, María E., Cristina Martínez-Andújar, Jesús Cuartero, María C. Bolarín, and Francisco Pérez-Alfocea. "The high fruit soluble sugar content in wild Lycopersicon species and their hybrids with cultivars depends on sucrose import during ripening rather than on sucrose metabolism." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 3 (2006): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp05134.

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Soluble sugar content has been studied in relation to sucrose metabolism in the hexose-accumulating cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, the wild relative species Lycopersicon cheesmanii Riley, in the sucrose-accumulating wild relative species Lycopersicon chmielewskii Rick, Kesicky, Fobes & Holle. and in two hexose-accumulating interspecific F1 hybrids (L. esculentum × L. cheesmanii; L. esculentum × L. chmielewskii), cultivated under two irrigation regimes (control: EC = 2.1 and saline: EC = 8.4 dS m–1). Under control conditions the total soluble sugar content (as hexose equiva

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3

Granot, David. "Role of tomato hexose kinases." Functional Plant Biology 34, no. 6 (2007): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06207.

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Hexose phosphorylation is an essential step of sugar metabolism. Only two classes of glucose and fructose phosphorylating enzymes, hexokinases (HXK) and fructokinases (FRK), have been found in plants. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is the only plant species from which four HXK and four FRK genes have been identified and characterised. One HXK and one FRK isozyme are located within plastids. The other three HXK isozymes are associated with the mitochondria, and the other three FRK isozymes are dispersed in the cytosol. These differences in location suggest that the cytoplasmic HXK and F

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4

Siu, Sarah, Anna Robotham, Susan M. Logan, John F. Kelly, Kaoru Uchida, Shin-Ichi Aizawa, and Ken F. Jarrell. "Evidence that Biosynthesis of the Second and Third Sugars of the Archaellin Tetrasaccharide in the Archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis Occurs by the Same Pathway Used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa To Make a Di-N-Acetylated Sugar." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 9 (March 2, 2015): 1668–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00040-15.

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ABSTRACTMethanococcus maripaludishas two surface appendages, archaella and type IV pili, which are composed of glycoprotein subunits. Archaellins are modified with an N-linked tetrasaccharide with the structure Sug-1,4-β-ManNAc3NAmA6Thr-1,4-β-GlcNAc3NAcA-1,3-β-GalNAc, where Sug is (5S)-2-acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-5-O-methyl-α-l-erythro-hexos-5-ulo-1,5-pyranose. The pilin glycan has an additional hexose attached to GalNAc. In this study, genes located in two adjacent, divergently transcribed operons (mmp0350-mmp0354andmmp0359-mmp0355) were targeted for study based on annotations suggesting their in

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5

Lothier, Jérémy, Bertrand Lasseur, Marie-Pascale Prud'homme, and Annette Morvan-Bertrand. "Hexokinase-dependent sugar signaling represses fructan exohydrolase activity in Lolium perenne." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 12 (2010): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10086.

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Defoliation of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) by grazing animals leads to fructan mobilisation via an increase of fructan exohydrolase (FEH) activity. To highlight the regulation of fructan metabolism in perennial ryegrass, the role of sugars as signalling molecules for regulation of FEH activity after defoliation was evaluated. We used an original approach in planta by spraying stubble of defoliated plants (sugar starved plants) during 24 h with metabolisable sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose) and sugar analogues (3-O-methylglucose, mannose, lactulose, turanose, palatinose). Metaboli

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6

Li, Yaxin, Huan Liu, Xuehui Yao, Jiang Wang, Sheng Feng, Lulu Sun, Si Ma, Kang Xu, Li-Qing Chen, and Xiaolei Sui. "Hexose transporter CsSWEET7a in cucumber mediates phloem unloading in companion cells for fruit development." Plant Physiology 186, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 640–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab046.

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Abstract In the fleshy fruit of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.), the phloem flow is unloaded via an apoplasmic pathway, which requires protein carriers to export sugars derived from stachyose and raffinose into the apoplasm. However, transporter(s) involved in this process remain unidentified. Here, we report that a hexose transporter, CsSWEET7a (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter 7a), was highly expressed in cucumber sink tissues and localized to the plasma membrane in companion cells of the phloem. Its expression level increased gradually during fruit development. Down-regulation o

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7

Schmidt, Stefan, Hans-Georg Joost, and Annette Schürmann. "GLUT8, the enigmatic intracellular hexose transporter." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 296, no. 4 (April 2009): E614—E618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.91019.2008.

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GLUT8 is a class III sugar transporter predominantly expressed in testis and brain. In contrast to the class I and class II transporters, hydrophobicity plots predict a short extracellular loop between transmembrane domain (TM)1 and TM2 and a long extracellular loop between TM9 and TM10 that contains the only N-glycosylation site. In vitro translated GLUT8 migrates as a 35-kDa protein that is glycosylated in the presence of microsomal membranes. In heterologous expression systems, glucose transport activity ( Km of 2 mM) was inhibited by fructose and galactose. The transporter carries an NH2-t

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8

Dai, Zhan Wu, Philippe Vivin, Thierry Robert, Sylvie Milin, Shao Hua Li, and Michel Génard. "Model-based analysis of sugar accumulation in response to source - sink ratio and water supply in grape (Vitis vinifera) berries." Functional Plant Biology 36, no. 6 (2009): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08284.

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The dynamics of sugar (hexose) concentration in ripening grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.) were simulated with a refined mechanistic model. Changes in sugar concentration were reproduced by the sum of sugar import (S), sugar metabolism (M) and water budget (W). S and W were derived from model inputs of fresh and dry mass, and M was simulated with a relative metabolism rate describing the depletion of hexose. The relative metabolism rate was associated with the relative growth rate of dry mass with a coefficient (k) that was constant for a given cultivar under various growth conditions (tempera

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9

Downs, Colleen T. "Sugar Preference and Apparent Sugar Assimilation in the Red Lory." Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no. 6 (1997): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo97034.

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The red lory, Eos bornea (family Psittacidae), was tested to determine its preference for hexose sugars or sucrose. The indices of sugar preference used were (a) number of visits to feeders, (b) time spent feeding and (c) volume of solution drunk. The red lory showed no preference for a specific sugar when offered a choice of glucose, fructose and sucrose at a concentration of 0.73 mol L-1. However, when concentration of the sugars was 0.25 mol L-1, the red lory showed no significant preference by the number of visits but it showed a preference for sucrose by increasing the time spent feeding

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10

Díaz-Fernández, David, Gloria Muñoz-Fernández, Victoria Isabel Martín, José Luis Revuelta, and Alberto Jiménez. "Sugar transport for enhanced xylose utilization in Ashbya gossypii." Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 47, no. 12 (October 9, 2020): 1173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-020-02320-5.

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AbstractThe co-utilization of mixed (pentose/hexose) sugars constitutes a challenge for microbial fermentations. The fungus Ashbya gossypii, which is currently exploited for the industrial production of riboflavin, has been presented as an efficient biocatalyst for the production of biolipids using xylose-rich substrates. However, the utilization of xylose in A. gossypii is hindered by hexose sugars. Three A. gossypii homologs (AFL204C, AFL205C and AFL207C) of the yeast HXT genes that code for hexose transporters have been identified and characterized by gene-targeting approaches. Significant

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11

Park, Sang-Hyun, Bok-Rye Lee, Van Hien La, Md Al Mamun, Dong-Won Bae, and Tae-Hwan Kim. "Drought Intensity-Responsive Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Crosstalk with the Sugar Signaling and Metabolic Pathway in Brassica napus." Plants 10, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030610.

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The aim of this study was to characterize hormonal crosstalk with the sugar signaling and metabolic pathway based on a time course analysis of drought intensity. Drought intensity-responsive changes in the assimilation of newly fixed carbon (C) into soluble sugar, the content of sugar and starch, and expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were interpreted as being linked to endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels and their signaling genes. The ABA and SA levels in the drought-stressed leaves increased together during the early drought period (days 0–6), a

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12

Brown, Victoria, Jessica A. Sexton, and Mark Johnston. "A Glucose Sensor in Candida albicans." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 10 (October 2006): 1726–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00186-06.

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ABSTRACT The Hgt4 protein of Candida albicans (orf19.5962) is orthologous to the Snf3 and Rgt2 glucose sensors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that govern sugar acquisition by regulating the expression of genes encoding hexose transporters. We found that HGT4 is required for glucose induction of the expression of HGT12, HXT10, and HGT7, which encode apparent hexose transporters in C. albicans. An hgt4Δ mutant is defective for growth on fermentable sugars, which is consistent with the idea that Hgt4 is a sensor of glucose and similar sugars. Hgt4 appears to be sensitive to glucose levels similar to

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13

Zhang, Zhan, Luming Zou, Chong Ren, Fengrui Ren, Yi Wang, Peige Fan, Shaohua Li, and Zhenchang Liang. "VvSWEET10 Mediates Sugar Accumulation in Grapes." Genes 10, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10040255.

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Sugar accumulation is a critical event during grape berry ripening that determines the grape market values. Berry cells are highly dependent on sugar transporters to mediate cross-membrane transport. However, the role of sugar transporters in improving sugar accumulation in berries is not well established in grapes. Herein we report that a Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET), that is, VvSWEET10, was strongly expressed at the onset of ripening (véraison) and can improve grape sugar content. VvSWEET10 encodes a plasma membrane-localized transporter, and the heterologous expres

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14

Heiland, Sylvia, Nada Radovanovic, Milan Höfer, Joris Winderickx, and Hella Lichtenberg. "Multiple Hexose Transporters ofSchizosaccharomyces pombe." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 8 (April 15, 2000): 2153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.8.2153-2162.2000.

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ABSTRACT We have identified a family of six hexose transporter genes (Ght1 to Ght6) in the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe. Sequence homology toSaccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian hexose transporters (Hxtp and GLUTp, respectively) and secondary-structure predictions of 12 transmembrane domains for each of the Ght proteins place them into the sugar porter subfamily within the major facilitator superfamily. Interestingly, among this sugar porter family, the emerging S. pombe hexose transporter family clusters are separate from monosaccharide transporters of other yeasts (S. cerevisiae,

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15

Sujan, SMA, MS Jamal, MA Asad, and ANM Fakhruddin. "Bio-ethanol production from Jatropha curcus." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 54, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v54i1.40729.

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Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) were employed to produce bio-ethanol from the jatropha stem and husk. This study investigates the favorable condition required to improve yield of monomeric sugars. Substrate was pretreated physically at first through cutter mill and subsequently by ball milling. Acremonium cellulase and optimash BG hydrolyzed the pretreated sample into fermentable sugars. In condition of 10% substrate concentration, ball milling for 60 min and 4 FPU/g enzyme loading and optimum sugar yield were observed. By comparison, jatropha stem is more favorable feedstock compar

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16

Fourie, J. F., and G. Holz. "Effects of Fruit and Pollen Exudates on Growth of Botrytis cinerea and Infection of Plum and Nectarine Fruit." Plant Disease 82, no. 2 (February 1998): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.2.165.

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Sugars in exudates from Harry Pickstone plum and Sunlite nectarine fruit and from pollen of weeds commonly found in orchards were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, and their effect on the development of Botrytis cinerea was determined in vitro and in vivo. Fructose, glucose, and sorbitol were the only sugars detected in exudates of immature fruit. They occurred at low concentrations, but their concentration generally increased as fruit ripened. Sucrose was first detected during maturation. In nectarine, an increase in sugar concentration, especially sucrose, was pronounced during the pe

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17

Ouattara, Badiori, Idriss Sermé, Korodjouma Ouattara, Michel P. Sédogo, and Hassan Bismark Nacro. "Cropping System Effects on Soil Monosaccharides in Western Burkina Faso." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v5i4.11985.

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Labile pools of soil organic matter (SOM), including soil sugars, are important to the formation and stabilization of soil aggregates and to microbial activity and nutrient cycling. The effects of cropping systems at farm level in tropical areas on SOM labile pool dynamics have not been adequately studied and the results are sparse and inconsistent. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soil management intensity on soil sugar monomers derived from plant debris or microbial activity in cotton (Gossypium herbaceum)-based cropping systems of western Burkina Faso. Thirty-thre

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18

KOMOR, Ewald, Christian SCHOBERT, and Bong-Heuy CHO. "Sugar specificity and sugar-proton interaction for the hexose-proton-symport system of Chlorella." European Journal of Biochemistry 146, no. 3 (February 1985): 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08700.x.

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19

Bazer, Fuller, Jinyoung Kim, Gwonhwa Song, and Guoyao Wu. "Fructose: A Hexose Sugar in Search of a Functional Role." Biology of Reproduction 87, Suppl_1 (August 1, 2012): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/87.s1.395.

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20

Verlinden, Sven, Silvanda M. Silva, Robert C. Herner, and Randolph M. Beaudry. "Time-dependent Changes in the Longitudinal Sugar and Respiratory Profiles of Asparagus Spears During Storage at 0 °C." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 139, no. 4 (July 2014): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.139.4.339.

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The rate of respiration and the concentrations of sucrose, glucose, and fructose were measured along the length of intact asparagus (Asparagus officinalis cv. Jersey Giant) spears during storage at 0 °C. Carbon dioxide production by each of five sections along the spear was initially high but underwent a rapid and extensive decline within the first 24 hours after harvest with the rate of decline slowing thereafter. The respiration rate was highest at the tip (Section 1), decreasing as the distance from the tip increased (Sections 2 through 5 with Section 5 being more basal). Initially, the res

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21

Lecourieux, Fatma, David Lecourieux, Céline Vignault, and Serge Delrot. "A Sugar-Inducible Protein Kinase, VvSK1, Regulates Hexose Transport and Sugar Accumulation in Grapevine Cells." Plant Physiology 152, no. 2 (November 18, 2009): 1096–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.149138.

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22

Hill, L. M., and S. Rawsthorne. "Carbon supply for storage-product synthesis in developing seeds of oilseed rape." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 667–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280667.

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The aim of this work was to find out how the sugars in the endosperm of oilseed rape contribute to the flux of oil synthesis. While the hexose content of the liquid endosperm decreased during development the sucrose content increased. It is important to understand the relative rates of use of the endosperm sugars for two reasons. Firstly we need to know which sugars are used, and at what stages in development, in order to understand the roles of enzymes involved in their metabolism. Secondly, changes in sugar concentration have been implicated in the regulation of expression of genes determini

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Mitchell, Wilfrid J. "The Phosphotransferase System in Solventogenic Clostridia." Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 25, no. 2-3 (2015): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000375125.

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The acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation employing solventogenic clostridia was a major industrial process during the 20th century, but declined for economic reasons. In recent times, interest in the process has been revived due to the perceived potential of butanol as a superior biofuel. Redevelopment of an efficient fermentation process will require a detailed understanding of the physiology of carbohydrate utilization by the bacteria. Genome sequences have revealed that, as in other anaerobes, the phosphotransferase system (PTS) and associated regulatory functions are likely to play an impo

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24

Liu, Xuan, Paul W. Robinson, Monica A. Madore, Guy W. Witney, and Mary Lu Arpaia. "`Hass' Avocado Carbohydrate Fluctuations. II. Fruit Growth and Ripening." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 124, no. 6 (November 1999): 676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.124.6.676.

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Changes in soluble sugar and starch reserves in avocado (Persea americana Mill. on `Duke 7' rootstock) fruit were followed during growth and development and during low temperature storage and ripening. During the period of rapid fruit size expansion, soluble sugars accounted for most of the increase in fruit tissue biomass (peel: 17% to 22%, flesh: 40% to 44%, seed: 32% to 41% of the dry weight). More than half of the fruit total soluble sugars (TSS) was comprised of the seven carbon (C7) heptose sugar, D-mannoheptulose, and its polyol form, perseitol, with the balance being accounted for by t

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Stoop, Johan M. H., and David M. Pharr. "Growth Substrate and Nutrient Salt Environment Alter Mannitol-to-Hexose Partitioning in Celery Petioles." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 2 (March 1994): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.2.237.

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The fleshy parenchyma tissue of celery [Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.] petioles is the major storage tissue for the sugar alcohol mannitol and for the hexoses, glucose and fructose. In this study, we found that plants grown in the soilless mixture, Promix, fertilized weekly with a nutrient solution, or grown in a hydroponic container culture, differed in carbohydrate composition. However, plant growth was not affected. Higher mannitol and lower hexose concentrations were present in petioles from plants grown hydroponically. This was true in petioles that did not differ in total

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Rossouw, Gerhard C., Jason P. Smith, Celia Barril, Alain Deloire, and Bruno P. Holzapfel. "Implications of the Presence of Maturing Fruit on Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Distribution in Grapevines under Postveraison Water Constraints." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 142, no. 2 (March 2017): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs03982-16.

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Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) berries are sugar and nitrogen (N) sinks between veraison and fruit maturity. Limited photoassimilation, often caused by water constraints, induces reserve total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) remobilization, contributing to berry sugar accumulation, while fruit N accumulation can be affected by vine water supply. Although postveraison root carbohydrate remobilization toward the fruit has been identified through 14C tracing studies, it is still unclear when this remobilization occurs during the two phases of berry sugar accumulation (rapid and slow). Similarly, alt

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Atanassova, Rossitza, Marina Leterrier, Cécile Gaillard, Alice Agasse, Emeric Sagot, Pierre Coutos-Thévenot, and Serge Delrot. "Sugar-Regulated Expression of a Putative Hexose Transport Gene in Grape." Plant Physiology 131, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.009522.

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Ha-Tran, Dung Minh, Trinh Thi My Nguyen, Shou-Chen Lo, and Chieh-Chen Huang. "Utilization of Monosaccharides by Hungateiclostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 through Adaptive Evolution." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (July 4, 2021): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071445.

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Hungateiclostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 is a promising bacterium for consolidated bioprocessing with a robust ability to degrade lignocellulosic biomass through a multienzyme cellulosomal complex. The bacterium uses the released cellodextrins, glucose polymers of different lengths, as its primary carbon source and energy. In contrast, the bacterium exhibits poor growth on monosaccharides such as fructose and glucose. This phenomenon raises many important questions concerning its glycolytic pathways and sugar transport systems. Until now, the detailed mechanisms of H. thermocellum adaptatio

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Harrington, Gregory N., Katherine E. Dibley, Raymond J. Ritchie, Christina E. Offler, and John W. Patrick. "Hexose uptake by developing cotyledons of Vicia faba: physiological evidence for transporters of differing affinities and specificities." Functional Plant Biology 32, no. 11 (2005): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp05081.

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Cotyledons of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) develop in an apoplasmic environment that shifts in composition from one dominated by hexoses to one dominated by sucrose. During the latter phase of development, sucrose / H+ symporter activity and expression is restricted to cotyledon epidermal transfer cell complexes that support sucrose fluxes that are 8.5-fold higher than those exhibited by the storage parenchyma. In contrast, the flux difference between these cotyledon tissues is only 1.7-fold for hexoses. Glucose and fructose uptake was shown to be sensitive to PCMBS and phloridzin, both of which

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Nicolson, Susan W., and Ben-Erik Van Wyk. "Nectar Sugars in Proteaceae: Patterns and Processes." Australian Journal of Botany 46, no. 4 (1998): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97039.

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The nectar sugar composition is presented for 147 species from 16 genera of South African and Australian Proteaceae. Patterns associated with flower age, different plants and populations, plant phylogeny and pollination have been examined. In addition to the usual three nectar sugars (sucrose, fructose and glucose), the nectar of Protea and Faurea contains the pentose sugar xylose at concentrations of up to 39% of total sugar. Xylose has not previously been reported from floral nectar and is absent from the nectar of Adenanthos, Banksia, Brabejum, Dryandra, Grevillea, Hakea, Lambertia, Leucosp

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Ma, Hongmei, Henrik H. Albert, Robert Paull, and Paul H. Moore. "Metabolic engineering of invertase activities in different subcellular compartments affects sucrose accumulation in sugarcane cells." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 11 (2000): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp00029.

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Transgenic sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) lines were created to express altered invertase isoform activity to elucidate the role(s) of invertase in the sucrose accumulation process. A sugarcane soluble acid invertase cDNA (SCINVm, AF062734) in the antisense orientation was used to decrease invertase activity. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase gene (SUC2), fused with appropriate targeting elements, was used to increase invertase activity in the apoplast, cytoplasm and vacuole. A callus/liquid culture system was established to evaluate change in invertase activity and sugar concentrat

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Nadai, Chiara, Giulia Crosato, Alessio Giacomini, and Viviana Corich. "Different Gene Expression Patterns of Hexose Transporter Genes Modulate Fermentation Performance of Four Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains." Fermentation 7, no. 3 (August 23, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030164.

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In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fermentation rate and the ability to complete the sugar transformation process depend on the glucose and fructose transporter set-up. Hexose transport mainly occurs via facilitated diffusion carriers and these are encoded by the HXT gene family and GAL2. In addition, FSY1, coding a fructose/H+ symporter, was identified in some wine strains. This little-known transporter could be relevant in the last part of the fermentation process when fructose is the most abundant sugar. In this work, we investigated the gene expression of the hexose transporters during late

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Ysart, G. E., and R. M. Mason. "Serum factors, growth factors and UDP-sugar metabolism in bovine articular cartilage chondrocytes." Biochemical Journal 303, no. 3 (November 1, 1994): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3030713.

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1. The effect of different batches of fetal bovine serum and of growth factors on [35S]sulphate incorporation into glycosaminoglycans and on UDP-sugar pools in explant cultures of bovine articular cartilage was investigated. 2. [35S]Sulphate incorporation was variably stimulated between 1.2- and 3.5-fold by four different batches of serum. The UDP-glucuronate pool size expanded 4.3-6.5-fold in the presence of serum, even in those cultures in which little stimulation of [35S]sulphate incorporation occurred. The UDP-N-acetylhexosamine and UDP-hexose pools expanded by about 1.5- and 2.0-fold resp

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34

Leandro, Maria José, Hana Sychrová, Catarina Prista, and Maria C. Loureiro-Dias. "The osmotolerant fructophilic yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii employs two plasma-membrane fructose uptake systems belonging to a new family of yeast sugar transporters." Microbiology 157, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.044446-0.

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Owing to its high resistance to weak-acid preservatives and extreme osmotolerance, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is one of the main spoilage yeasts of sweet foods and beverages. In contrast with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Z. rouxii is a fructophilic yeast; it consumes fructose faster than glucose. So far, to our knowledge, no specific Z. rouxii proteins responsible for this fructophilic behaviour have been characterized. We have identified two genes encoding putative fructose transporters in the Z. rouxii CBS 732 genome. Heterologous expression of these two Z. rouxii ORFs in a S. cerevisiae strain l

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35

Heluane, Humberto, Matthew R. Evans, Sue F. Dagher, and José M. Bruno-Bárcena. "Meta-Analysis and Functional Validation of Nutritional Requirements of Solventogenic Clostridia Growing under Butanol Stress Conditions and Coutilization of d-Glucose and d-Xylose." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 13 (May 20, 2011): 4473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00116-11.

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ABSTRACTRecent advances in systems biology, omics, and computational studies allow us to carry out data mining for improving biofuel production bioprocesses. Of particular interest are bioprocesses that center on microbial capabilities to biotransform both the hexose and pentose fractions present in crop residues. This called for a systematic exploration of the components of the media to obtain higher-density cultures and more-productive fermentation operations than are currently found. By using a meta-analysis approach of the transcriptional responses to butanol stress, we identified the nutr

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36

Brigham, Christopher J., and Michael H. Malamy. "Characterization of the RokA and HexA Broad-Substrate-Specificity Hexokinases from Bacteroides fragilis and Their Role in Hexose and N-Acetylglucosamine Utilization." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 3 (February 1, 2005): 890–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.3.890-901.2005.

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ABSTRACT Bacteroides fragilis, a human gastrointestinal commensal and an opportunistic pathogen, utilizes simple and complex sugars and polysaccharides for growth in the large intestine and at sites of infection. Because B. fragilis lacks transport-linked sugar phosphorylation systems, cytoplasmic kinase(s) was expected to be required for the phosphorylation of hexoses and hexosamines. We have now identified two hexose kinases that are important for growth of B. fragilis on glucose, mannose, and other sugars. One kinase (RokA), a member of the ROK family of proteins, was found to be the sole k

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37

Kelly, F. H. C. "Phase equilibria in sugar solutions. II. Ternary systems of water-sucrose-hexose." Journal of Applied Chemistry 4, no. 8 (May 4, 2007): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010040802.

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38

Campbell, Richard J., Richard D. Fell, and Richard P. Marini. "Canopy Position, Defoliation, and Girdling Influence Apple Nectar Production." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.531.

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Abstract (sommario):

Flowering spurs located at interior and exterior canopy positions of `Stay-man' and `Delicious' apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) trees were girdled and/or defoliated to determine the influence on nectar production and composition. Nectar volume was less at exterior than interior canopy positions for `Delicious', but not for `Stayman'. Girdling suppressed nectar production by 92% and reduced the sugar concentration of the remaining nectar. Defoliation of nongirdled spurs had no effect on nectar sugar concentration, but defoliation of girdled spurs reduced nectar sugar concentration by 24%. Relati

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39

Caspari, T., A. Will, M. Opekarová, N. Sauer, and W. Tanner. "Hexose/H+ symporters in lower and higher plants." Journal of Experimental Biology 196, no. 1 (November 1, 1994): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.196.1.483.

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Abstract (sommario):

A well-studied transporter of plant cells is the hexose/H+ symporter of the unicellular alga Chlorella kessleri. Its properties, studied in vivo, are briefly summarized. In part, they are atypical and it has been suggested that this porter acts in an asymmetric way. Three genes coding for Chlorella hexose transport activity have been identified (HUP1, HUP2 and HUP3). HUP1 cDNA expressed in a mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe not transporting any D-glucose has been studied in detail. Several mutants with changed Km values for substrate were obtained, some by random polymerase chain reaction m

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40

LAI, LISA X., and RENATA BURA. "The sulfite mill as a sugar-flexible future biorefinery." August 2012 11, no. 8 (September 1, 2012): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj11.8.27.

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The production of single- and mixed-sugar streams and their conversion to bioproducts were studied, using sulfite pulping streams as feedstocks. Sulfite pulp, sludge, and spent sulfite liquor are concurrently generated alongside of bleached pulp, and the pulping process renders pretreatment of solid streams unnecessary. Streams were converted separately; however, due to their low production volume, solid and liquid streams were also combined as a means to increase the quantity of starting feedstock. Spent sulfite liquor, comprising mostly monomeric hexose and pentose sugars, was directly ferme

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41

Guimarães, Pedro M. R., Jyri-Pekka Multanen, Lucília Domingues, José A. Teixeira, and John Londesborough. "Stimulation of Zero-trans Rates of Lactose and Maltose Uptake into Yeasts by Preincubation with Hexose To Increase the Adenylate Energy Charge." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 10 (March 31, 2008): 3076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00188-08.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACT Initial rates of sugar uptake (zero-trans rates) are often measured by incubating yeast cells with radiolabeled sugars for 5 to 30 s and determining the radioactivity entering the cells. The yeast cells used are usually harvested from growth medium, washed, suspended in nutrient-free buffer, and stored on ice before they are assayed. With this method, the specific rates of zero-trans lactose uptake by Kluyveromyces lactis or recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains harvested from lactose fermentations were three- to eightfold lower than the specific rates of lactose consumption du

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42

Zhang, Ping, Wenwen Zhang, Xiangshan Zhou, Peng Bai, James M. Cregg, and Yuanxing Zhang. "Catabolite Repression of Aox in Pichia pastoris Is Dependent on Hexose Transporter PpHxt1 and Pexophagy." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 18 (July 23, 2010): 6108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00607-10.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACT In this work, the identification and characterization of two hexose transporter homologs in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, P. pastoris Hxt1 (PpHxt1) and PpHxt2, are described. When expressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae hxt-null mutant strain that is unable to take up monosaccharides, either protein restored growth on glucose or fructose. Both PpHXT genes are transcriptionally regulated by glucose. Transcript levels of PpHXT1 are induced by high levels of glucose, whereas transcript levels of PpHXT2 are relatively lower and are fully induced by low levels of glucose. In ad

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43

Desai, Tasha A., and Christopher V. Rao. "Regulation of Arabinose and Xylose Metabolism in Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 5 (December 18, 2009): 1524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01970-09.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACT Bacteria such as Escherichia coli will often consume one sugar at a time when fed multiple sugars, in a process known as carbon catabolite repression. The classic example involves glucose and lactose, where E. coli will first consume glucose, and only when it has consumed all of the glucose will it begin to consume lactose. In addition to that of lactose, glucose also represses the consumption of many other sugars, including arabinose and xylose. In this work, we characterized a second hierarchy in E. coli, that between arabinose and xylose. We show that, when grown in a mixture of th

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44

Kelly, F. H. C. "Phase equilibria in sugar solutions. III. Ternary systems of water-hexose-inorganic salt." Journal of Applied Chemistry 4, no. 8 (May 4, 2007): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010040803.

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45

Rist, R. J., and R. J. Naftalin. "Dexamethasone inhibits the hexose monophosphate shunt in activated rat peritoneal macrophages by reducing hexokinase-dependent sugar uptake." Biochemical Journal 278, no. 1 (August 15, 1991): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2780129.

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Abstract (sommario):

Dexamethasone decreases 2-D-deoxyglucose (2-dGlc) uptake and accumulation into rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (Ki for 1 microM-dexamethasone after a 2 h exposure = 0.71 +/- 0.21 microM; Ki for 0.1 microM-dexamethasone after exposure for 4 h = 0.10 +/- 0.06 microM). The inhibition of 2-dGlc uptake is consistent with a decrease in the coupling between endofacial hexokinase activity and the sugar transporter. The evidence for this is: (1) the Km for zero-trans 2-dGlc uptake in quiescent macrophages was increased by dexamethasone, but there was no

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46

Rossouw, Debra, Sue Bosch, Jens Kossmann, Frederik C. Botha, and Jan-Hendrik Groenewald. "Downregulation of neutral invertase activity in sugarcane cell suspension cultures leads to a reduction in respiration and growth and an increase in sucrose accumulation." Functional Plant Biology 34, no. 6 (2007): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06214.

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Abstract (sommario):

Suspension cultures were used as a model system to investigate sucrose metabolism in four sugarcane (Saccharum spp. interspecific hybrids) cell lines transformed with antisense neutral invertase (NI) constructs. Throughout a 14-day growth cycle two cell lines in which the antisense sequence was under the control of a tandem CaMV-35S: maize ubiquitin promoter showed a strong reduction in NI activity, as well as reduced hexose and increased sucrose concentrations in comparison to the control line. In lines where the antisense NI sequence was under the control of the weaker CaMV-35S promoter alon

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47

Grochowski, Laura L., Huimin Xu, and Robert H. White. "Ribose-5-Phosphate Biosynthesis in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii Occurs in the Absence of a Pentose-Phosphate Pathway." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 21 (November 1, 2005): 7382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.21.7382-7389.2005.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACT Recent work has raised a question as to the involvement of erythrose-4-phosphate, a product of the pentose phosphate pathway, in the metabolism of the methanogenic archaea (R. H. White, Biochemistry 43:7618-7627, 2004). To address the possible absence of erythrose-4-phosphate in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, we have assayed cell extracts of this methanogen for the presence of this and other intermediates in the pentose phosphate pathway and have determined and compared the labeling patterns of sugar phosphates derived metabolically from [6,6-2H2]- and [U-13C]-labeled glucose-6-phosph

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48

Guo, Jin Ling, Da Chun Gong, Zhi Jun Li, and Zhou Zheng. "Construction of Yeast Strain Capable of Co-Fermenting Pentose and Hexose by Protoplast Fusion." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.847.

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Abstract (sommario):

Saccharomyces cerevisiae R40 and Pachysolen tannophilus P01 were used as the parental strain to construct an engineering strain capable of co-fermenting pentose and hexose by protoplast fusion. A fusant F202 was obtained through inactivating parental protoplasts, screening with YPX solid medium and high glucose liquid medium, ethanol production capacity detecting and identification with PCR-SSR technique. Subsequently, the fermentation performance and genetic stability of F202 was studied. The maximum ethanol production capacity from glucose was 1.47 ml/100 ml with a sugar and alcohol conversi

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49

Plumed-Ferrer, Carme, Kaisa M. Koistinen, Tiina L. Tolonen, Satu J. Lehesranta, Sirpa O. Kärenlampi, Elina Mäkimattila, Vesa Joutsjoki, Vesa Virtanen, and Atte von Wright. "Comparative Study of Sugar Fermentation and Protein Expression Patterns of Two Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Grown in Three Different Media." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 17 (June 20, 2008): 5349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00324-08.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACT A comparative study of two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (REB1 and MLBPL1) grown in commercial medium (MRS broth), cucumber juice, and liquid pig feed was performed to explore changes to the metabolic pathways of these bacteria, using a proteomics approach (two-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) combined with analyses of fermentable sugars and fermentation end products. The protein expression showed that even with an excess of glucose in all media, both strains could metabolize different carbohydrates simultaneously and that hexoses co

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50

Aristilde, Ludmilla, Ian A. Lewis, Junyoung O. Park, and Joshua D. Rabinowitz. "Hierarchy in Pentose Sugar Metabolism in Clostridium acetobutylicum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 4 (December 19, 2014): 1452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03199-14.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACTBacterial metabolism of polysaccharides from plant detritus into acids and solvents is an essential component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Understanding the underlying metabolic pathways can also contribute to improved production of biofuels. Using a metabolomics approach involving liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we investigated the metabolism of mixtures of the cellulosic hexose sugar (glucose) and hemicellulosic pentose sugars (xylose and arabinose) in the anaerobic soil bacteriumClostridium acetobutylicum. Simultaneous feeding of stable isotope-labeled glucose and unlab

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