Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Historical-critical approach"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Historical-critical approach"
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Al-Solamy, Abdullah. "An Attempt to Simplify Grammar: A Historical, Critical Approach". Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Arts and Humanities 17, n. 1 (2009): 315–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.17-1.7.
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Hogan, John. "Remoulding the Critical Junctures Approach". Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, n. 3 (settembre 2006): 657–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906060203.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract.This paper improves our understanding of critical junctures, a concept employed in historical institutionalism for exploring change. However, the concept lacks rigour, weakening our ability to define critical junctures. Of late, academics have utilized other mechanisms to identify change in historical institutionalism. Thus, it is within this context that the critical junctures approach is remoulded through the specification of standards, hence reducing uncertainty as to what constitutes a critical juncture. The remoulded approach is employed here in examining change in the Irish Congress of Trade Unions' (ICTU) influence over public policy in 1987.Résumé.Cet article permet de mieux comprendre le concept de conjoncture critique, qui est utilisé en institutionnalisme historique pour explorer le changement. Ce concept, en effet, manque de rigueur, si bien qu'il est difficile de définir les conjonctures critiques. Récemment, les théoriciens de l'institutionnalisme historique ont eu recours à d'autres mécanismes pour cerner le changement. C'est dans ce contexte que nous remanions la méthode des conjonctures critiques en établissant des normes de manière à pouvoir déterminer avec plus de certitude ce qui constitue une conjoncture critique. Nous employons cette méthode remaniée pour examiner l'évolution de l'influence de l'Irish Congress of Trade Unions (ICTU) sur les politiques publiques en 1987.
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Neuwirth, Angelika. "Qurʾānic Studies and Historical-Critical Philology". Philological Encounters 1, n. 1-4 (26 gennaio 2016): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-00000002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Qurʾānic scholarship in the west today tends to privilege historical queries, focusing on fragmented texts, their alleged subtexts, and the codex’s earliest venues of transmission. It usually abstains from attempts at making sense of the text as a literary artifact, let alone as an epistemic intervention into the reception of the Bible. Such concerns are left to philology which—if we follow Sheldon Pollock—is a tripartite venture: a query for “textual meaning,” an investigation into the text’s traditional understanding, i.e. its “contextual meaning,” and finally a re-thinking of one’s own scholarly preconceptions and responsibilities, the “philologist’s meaning.” Few topics are better suited to demonstrate the urgency of complementing historical with philological research than the Qurʾān’s controversial relation to the Bible. A fresh approach—updating the time-honored but somewhat fusty historical critical method—is required: a diachronic, yet contextual, and moreover holistic, reading of the Qurʾān. This paper will discuss texts that—featuring Muhammad and Moses respectively—reveal two major shifts in the relationship between the Qurʾān and Biblical tradition.Historical research should not be left alone: philology’s two assets, the contextual reading and moreover the researcher’s self-reflection, need to be admitted to the stage of Qurʾānic Studies. Christian interpretation of the Bible that, for historical and political reasons, has until now not taken the Qurʾān into account, could benefit substantially from the Qurʾān’s Biblical criticism, let alone its intrinsic challenge to rethink prevailing exclusivist positions.
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Angeletti, Luciana Rita, e Berenice Cavarra. "Critical and Historical Approach to Theophilus’ De Urinis". American Journal of Nephrology 14, n. 4-6 (1994): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000168786.
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Sullivan, Daniel. "Social Psychological Theory as History: Outlining the Critical-Historical Approach to Theory". Personality and Social Psychology Review 24, n. 1 (23 ottobre 2019): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868319883174.
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The mainstream epistemology of social psychology is markedly ahistorical, prioritizing the quantification of processes assumed to be lawful and generalizable. Social psychologists often consider theory to be either a practical tool for summarizing what is known about a problem area and making predictions or a torch that illuminates the counterintuitive causal force underlying a variety of disparate phenomena. I propose a third vision of critical-historical theory. From this perspective, theories should be committed to deep interdisciplinarity and historical validity claims—understanding individual and group experiences as part of historically contingent forces. Theories also should be critical, containing an awareness of the researcher as implicated in the social process and committed to actively improving society. To demonstrate its viability, I review classic works from the history of the discipline that exemplify critical-historical theory and offer concrete implications for theorists interested in employing this approach in their own work.
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Fischbach, Rahel. "Contesting method: Discussing the historical-critical approach to the Qur’ān in Lebanon". Journal of the Middle East and Africa 7, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2016): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2016.1148956.
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Herschend, Frands. "Historical or Textual Archaeology - An Archaeology of Critical Rereading". Current Swedish Archaeology 5, n. 1 (10 giugno 2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1997.05.
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Based on a discussion of the relationship between history and archaeology, the author proposes a critical analysis of both written and material sources. All sources are considered textual and should be analysed (reread) on three levels: the conceptual, the intentional and the structural. In an example - an analysis of the meaning of the concept ’land'- the value of the analysis is shown to be the formation of a discursive and meaningful concept in an evolutionary and additive production of knowledge. Rereading ought to be the methodological approach of textual archaeology.
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Brinkman, Inge, Jonna Both e Mirjam de Bruijn. "The mobile phone and society in South Sudan: A critical historical-anthropological approach". Journal of African Media Studies 9, n. 2 (1 giugno 2017): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams.9.2.323_1.
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Stetsenko, A. P. "Critical Challenges in Cultural-Historical Activity Theory: the Urgency of Agency". Cultural-Historical Psychology 16, n. 2 (2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2020160202.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article addresses the challenge of conceptualizing agency within a non-dichotomous, dialectical approach that gives full credit to the social roots of agency and does justice to it being an achievement of togetherness possible only in a communal world shared with others. Critical steps in this direction are undertaken by the Transformative Activist Stance (TAS) approach advanced by this article’s author and further developed and applied to various topics by scholars from many parts of the world. This approach is firmly rooted in cultural-historical activity theory yet also moves beyond it in overcoming some of its impasses. The core elements of TAS are discussed to reveal how they coalesce on the nexus of social practices of self- and world-making. Agency is the process that enacts this nexus of ongoing, ceaseless social-individual transformations whereby people simultaneously, in one process, co-create their world and themselves so that each individual person makes a difference and matters in the totality of social practices. Ethical-political entailments of TAS are discussed to combat the legacy of passivity and inequality still permeating psychology and neighboring fields.
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Cohen, Jason E. "Critical Chorography: A Pedagogical Approach". International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 12, n. 1 (marzo 2018): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2018.0206.
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This essay articulates the concept of ‘critical chorography’ through a discussion of the productive intersection of pedagogy in the spatial humanities and map theory as applied to the visualization of early modern maps using contemporary GIS technology. In method, the essay lays out a comparative model for the analysis of maps across early modern and contemporary digital practices by theorizing student-driven practices of mapping first through a deep attention to historical location and documentary evidence, and second, through an inquiry into the digital implications of mapping jurisdictional conflicts through case studies focused on westward expansion in the West Indies. To those ends, the essay examines the drive in contemporary spatial humanities to use the map as a tool of analysis, rather than merely as a platform for visualization and presentation.
Tesi sul tema "Historical-critical approach"
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Fulton, John. "The historical and social ground of religion and conflict in modern Ireland : a critical, holistic approach". Thesis, St Mary's University, Twickenham, 1987. http://research.stmarys.ac.uk/1031/.
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Nordbeck, Daniel. "Film som historieförmedlare - En studie kring spelfilm i historieundervisningen". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35155.
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Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka vilka problem och möjligheter man kan möta med användandet av historisk spelfilm i historieundervisningen. Spelfilmens roll som historieförmedlare har ökat under de senaste åren. Idag fungerar spelfilm med historiska motiv som historieförmedlare för många människor, inte minst ungdomar. I många fall används spelfilmen i underhållningssyfte. En stor anledning till att jag gör denna undersökning är för att se närmare på hur läraren kan arbeta med spelfilmen i historieundervisningen utöver ett rent underhållningssyfte. Dessutom anser jag det viktigt att läraren har kunskap om spelfilm eftersom det är en referensram för många unga. Undersökningen bygger på litteraturstudier av tidigare forskares resultat av relationen mellan historia och film. I undersökningen diskuteras och analyseras spelfilmen utifrån följande perspektiv: pedagogiska teorier, kommunikationsteori, reception, autenticitet, dramaturgin, identitet och identifikation, Samtida avtryck i den historiska spelfilmen, historiebruk, historiemedvetande, kritiskt förhållningsätt samt källkritik. Utifrån dessa perspektiv är tanken att i slutdiskussionen presentera en matris för vad läraren bör tänka på när hon/han visar en spelfilm i historieundervisningen. Resultatet av undersökningen har visat att användning av spelfilm i historieundervisningen är långt mer komplicerad än att bara trycka på ”play”. Men planerar pedagogen bara filmanvändningen noga, utifrån olika aspekter, är det relativt enkelt att identifiera problemen och se fördelarna.The purpose of this study is to examine problems and possibilities you may encounter when using historical motion-picture when teaching history. Motion-picture as an intermediary of history has increased in recent years. Today, motion-picture with historical motives works as an intermediary to many people, especially youths. Motion-picture is in many cases used for entertainment purposes. One of the big reasons to why I do this study is to look at how teachers can work with motion-picture in history teaching apart from the entertainment purposes. Furthermore, I believe it is important that the teacher has knowledge of motion-picture since it is a frame of reference for many youths.The study is based on literature studies of previous researchers' results of the relationship between history and picture. In the study, motion-picture is discussed and analyzed from the following perspectives: pedagogical theories, communication theory, reception, authenticity, dramaturgy, identity and identification, contemporary impressions in the historical motion-picture, uses of history, historical consciousness, a critical approach and source criticism. The idea is that from these perspectives a matrix/compilation of what the teacher should think about when she/he uses a motion-picture in history teaching will be presented.The results of the study have shown that the use of motion-picture in history teaching is far more complicated than just pressing "play". But if the teacher only plans the use of picture carefully, from various aspects, is it relatively easy to identify the problems and see the benefits.
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Norstad, Lille Kirsten. "Nineteenth-Century Travel Writing and the Nuclearization of the American Southwest: A Discourse Analytic Approach to W.W.H. Davis's El Gringo New Mexico and Her People". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145450.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Travel narratives of the nineteenth century frequently became vehicles for colonialist discourse, strategically representing the Other(s) in order to justify their subjugation, and their land as a site of opportunity. W.W.H. Davis's travel narrative, El Gringo: New Mexico and Her People (1857) was no exception. This dissertation begins by arguing that we need to read El Gringo as a rhetorical text, that Davis's objective in portraying both the land and the people was to represent New Mexico as inherently "disponible," a term used by Mary Louise Pratt to indicate "available for capitalist improvement." Working from this assertion, I use the methodology of the Discourse-Historical Approach developed by Martin Reisigl and Ruth Wodak to explore the development of racialized constructions of New Mexican identity, their ideological relationship to "disponibility," and how these constructs have been reproduced intertextually through discourse. As accepted beliefs concerning the state, they continue to be recontextualized in new situations, notably to justify the disproportionate location of nuclear weapons-related industries, waste, and research activities within the state. Just as Davis and other earlier writers had used words such as "barren," "isolated," "unpopulated," and "wasteland," to rationalize the US presence, US government officials used these very terms a century later to argue that New Mexico was the location-of-choice for building and testing the first nuclear weapon. I argue that a direct discursive connection exists between the US colonization of New Mexico in 1846 and its nuclear colonization in 1942. As part of the ongoing legacy of colonialism, the language used to justify New Mexico's nuclear burden has marginalized the state's original inhabitants, diminishing their land rights and creating situations of environmental racism, such as the Church Rock incident on the Navajo Reservation. In some cases, Native Americans and Nuevomexicanos were "disappeared" from the discourse entirely, as with several Pueblo communities living adjacent to the site of the Manhattan Project. Dialectically, the nuclear colonization of New Mexico has transformed Manifest Destiny as well, reconfiguring its initial purpose to ensure US hegemony internally, to the ability of the US to maintain nuclear hegemony worldwide.
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Gardner, Natasha D. "Potentials and Impediments to Universal, School-based Screening for Behavioral and Emotional Risk: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Current Case Law". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/65.
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Disproportionality in special education is a long-standing issue. Some scholars have proposed group or universal screening for emotional and behavioral risk in schools as a method of addressing disproportionality. Considering previous case law, questions exist as to the legality of such screening programs in public schools. The purpose of this inquiry was to apply critical discourse analysis (CDA) to the federal case of Rhoades v. Penn-Harris (2008) to explore how court discourse reflects issues of social power and multidisciplinarity in the context of a school mental health screening program. CDA is usually interdisciplinary and focuses on explaining discourse structures related to social problems and may be applied from various theoretical frameworks and methodologies. This study used a discourse-historical approach to address the questions regarding the court’s discussion of relative power relationships, its use of argumentation strategies, and the knowledge base(s) accessed in formulating its arguments. Case study findings indicated that the court's use of various argumentation strategies in its discourse on student mental health screening presented varying potential duties and liabilities for entities and individuals involved in such programs. Additionally, although mental health screening in public schools requires an interdisciplinary approach, the court's discussion of the program litigated in Rhoades used a centrist, law-based perspective, suggesting that attempts to facilitate a pluralist or an integrationist approach to such cases may require efforts particular to legal, as opposed to clinical, practice. Recommendations for developing school mental health screening programs sensitive to issues addressed by Rhoades are provided.
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Hargan, Janine M. "Mental ill health in nursing and midwifery education : a critical discourse analysis". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15925.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Students diagnosed with long-term mental health conditions have been the focus of policy development for over a decade. Student mental health is on the increase and universities are legally obliged to make reasonable adjustments for disabled students. Therefore it is crucial that nursing and midwifery education provides an inclusive learning environment, while maintaining fitness to practice standards. The focus of this study was to explore how discourses of mental health, reasonable adjustments and fitness standards influence nursing and midwifery education for students with a mental health condition. Principles of Wodak’s (2001) critical discourse analysis approach, which gives prominence to dominant discourses, their justifications and persuasive nature was utilised. Ten key written texts and 23 semi-structured interviews with students, lecturers and clinical mentors were conducted to acquire the constructions of mental health, reasonable adjustments and fitness requirements. The findings show that the dominant discourses attributed to students experiencing mental ill health were around medicine, difference and blame, all of which reinforced mental health stigma. In addition, mental health discourses within both verbal and written texts were not underpinned by disability discourses, allowing the exclusion of students who disclose mental ill health from accessing reasonable adjustments. In conclusion, students considered to have a mental health label faced discriminatory barriers and legislative and regulatory requirements of equality were not implemented.
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Mohamad, Jamil Siti Nurnadilla. "Selling race and God during GE13 : a discourse-historical analysis of editorials and columns in mainstream Malay- and English-language newspapers during the 13th General Election in Malaysia". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34933.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis conducts a critical analysis of editorials and columns in mainstream newspapers during Malaysia's 13th General Election (GE13) campaign. In a country that practises parliamentary democracy but simultaneously observes a close cooperation (Mustafa, 2010, p. 51) between the ruling party and the mainstream press, this study explores the links between the two. The thesis demonstrates the continuing power of the mainstream press in the country. It also explores how a so-called parliamentary democracy can lead to authoritarian rule, as well as the role of the press in this process. Adhering to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) principles, the thesis describes and explains how particular relations of power are enacted, reproduced and legitimized within government-owned media, in this case Malaysia where control is institutionalized. This study specifically focuses on the discursive strategies of legitimation in editorials and columns, and how they present particular narratives or arguments in the interests of the powerful. The thesis offers a greater understanding of the deep ideological structures of mainstream newspapers and, in particular, their construction and (de)legitimisation of the government and opposition during the GE13 campaign. This investigation draws on various methods, from quantitative content analysis to the Discourse-historical Approach (DHA), and insights from a range of disciplines, to examine the discursive features of mainstream newspapers discourse during the GE13 campaign. The main contributions of the thesis are on theoretical, methodological and empirical grounds. It contributes to the body of knowledge on political communication research by focusing on the Asian-Malaysian context and moving away from Western-centric models that often overlook the key element of culture. The application of the DHA provides a novel and valuable contribution to the understanding of Malaysian election communication discourse through its interdisciplinary methods and analyses. The empirical investigation provides conclusive evidence that revolves around the issues of the perversion of developmental journalism, race/ethnicity, Islam and its abuses, as well as change and time. This thesis also reviews and reveals the extent to which the press in Malaysia is controlled, dominated and manipulated, thereby challenging those, including the ruling elite, who have claimed that Malaysia is a democratizing nation state.
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Kelly, Brandon J. "Details of the existing informing the design of the new a critical approach to the adaptive-reuse of Watersmeet Farm, South Carolina, creating a Historical Nature Retreat Center /". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1115181925.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2005.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Jul. 11, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Rural vernacular; Rural renewal; Rural details; Cultural Landscape; Details. Includes bibliographical references.
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KELLY, BRANDON JAMES. "DETAILS OF THE EXISTING INFORMING THE DESIGN OF THE NEW: A CRITICAL APPROACH TO THE ADAPTIVE-REUSE OF WATERSMEET FARM, SOUTH CAROLINA, CREATING A HISTORICAL NATURE RETREAT CENTER". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1115181925.
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Hladiuc, Maria Verfasser], e Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] [Nicklas. "The Great Whore of Babylon in the Vision of Apocalypse 17. A gender-informed approach bridging the gap between socio-historical and feminist-critical interpretations. / Maria Hladiuc. Betreuer: Tobias Nicklas". Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1104480484/34.
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Mulenshi, Jane. "Geometallurgical study of historical tailings from the Yxsjöberg tungsten mine in Sweden : Characterization and reprocessing options". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Mineralteknik och metallurgi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76416.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tungsten (W) is listed among the European Union (EU) critical raw materials (CRMs) for its supply risk and economic importance. Primarily, tungsten is produced from scheelite and wolframite mineral ores with 0.08-1.5% tungsten trioxide (WO3) grade. However, as primary deposits for these resources are becoming less or lower in grade, alternative sources need to be explored. These alternative tungsten sources include scrap from end-of-life products, mine waste and rejects from the ore beneficiation processes (tailings). The latter alternative source is the focus within this thesis. Historical tailings repositories often pose environmental risks but may also become secondary sources of CRMs. This is because of relatively high minerals and metals content due to less efficient extraction methods and/or relatively low metal prices at the time of active mining. Therefore, reprocessing of such tailings is not only a supply risk-reducing measure but also an approach to remediation that contributes to the mining industry’s aim of moving towards a circular economy. The aim of this thesis has been to develop efficient methods for separating valuable minerals from the tailings in order to leave behind a stable and environmentally safe residue. Geometallurgical studies were conducted by collecting drill core samples from the Smaltjärnen tailings repository in Yxsjöberg, Sweden, for evaluating the potential of this repository for further processing. The tailings were originally produced from the ore that was mined by Yxsjö Mines while it was in operation from 1935 to 1963, with average ore grades of 0.3-0.4 wt.% WO3, 0.2 wt.% Cu and 5-6 wt.% fluorspar. The exploited minerals were scheelite for W, chalcopyrite for Cu and fluorspar. The tailings repository is estimated to have about 2.2 million tons of tailings covering an area of 26 hectares, with elemental concentrations of 1-2 wt.% S, 0.02-0.2 wt.% Cu, 0.02-0.3 wt.% W, 0.02-0.04 wt.% Sn and 0.02-0.03 wt.% Be. Sampling and characterization of the historical tailings were conducted based on geometallurgical units (i.e. a distinction between different layers and locations in the repository), followed by metallurgical test work. The tailings were characterized with regard to color and granulometry, particle size distribution, chemical composition, scheelite mineral occurrence, texture and mineral liberation, as well as mineralogical composition. Based on a comprehensive literature survey, tailings characteristics, and assessment of the earlier processes from which the Yxsjöberg tailings were produced, feasible separation methods were pre-selected involving dry low-intensity magnetic separation (LIMS) and high intensity magnetic separation (HIMS), enhanced gravity separation (EGS) using a Knelson concentrator, and batch froth flotation. The average WO3 and Cu concentration in these tailings based on the sampled locations was 0.15 % and 0.11 % respectively. Applying them to the estimated 2.2 million tons of tailings in this repository gives approximately 3300 tons of WO3 and 2512 tons of Cu. From the metallurgical test work, several feasible processing routes have been identified that need to be further assessed based on the economic and environmental criteria.REMinE (Improve Resource Efficiency and Minimize Environmental Footprint)
Libri sul tema "Historical-critical approach"
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A historical analysis of the Philippine revolution: A critical approach to history as simplicity. [Makati City]: International Academy of Management & Economics, 2002.
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Critical approaches to fieldwork: Contemporary and historical archaeological practice. London: Routledge, 2001.
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Ahmad, Aijazuddin. Geography of the South Asian subcontinent: A critical approach. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 2009.
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Geography of the South Asian subcontinent: A critical approach. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 2009.
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Ahmad, Aijazuddin. Geography of the South Asian subcontinent: A critical approach. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 2009.
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Bugg, Frances. Researching the crafts: Initial approaches to historical, critical and theoretical studies. London: Crafts Council, 1997.
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Bridges, James J. Structure and history in John II: A methodological study comparing structuralist and historical critical approaches. San Francisco: Mellen Research University Press, 1991.
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Do historical matters matter to faith?: A critical appraisal of modern and postmodern approaches to Scripture. Wheaton, Ill: Crossway, 2012.
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Rivadossi, Silvia. Sciamani urbani. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-414-1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
What does it mean to be a ‘shaman’ in present-day Tokyo today? In what way(s) is the role of the shamanic practitioner represented at a popular level? Are certain characteristics emphasised and others downplayed? This book offers an answer to these questions through the analysis of a specific discourse on shamans that emerged in the Japanese metropolitan context between the late 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, a discourse that the more ‘traditional’ approaches to the study on shamanism do not take into account. In order to better contextualise this specific discourse, the volume opens with a brief historical account of the formation of the academic discourse on shamans. Within the theoretical framework offered by critical discourse analysis and by means of multi-sited ethnographic research, it then weaves together different case studies: three novels by Taguchi Randy, a manga, a TV series and the case of an urban shaman who is mostly active in Tokyo. The main elements emerging from these case studies are explored by situating them in the precise historical and social context within which the discourse has been developed. This shows that the new discourse analysed shares several characteristics with the more ‘traditional’ and accepted discourses on shamanism, while at the same time differing in certain respects. In this work, particular attention is given to how the category and term ‘shaman’ is defined, used and re-negotiated in the Japanese metropolitan context. Through this approach, the book aims to further problematize the categories of ‘shaman’ and ‘shamanism’, by highlighting certain aspects that are not yet accepted by many scholars, even though they constitute a discourse that is relevant and effective.
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1941-, Messer-Davidow Ellen, Shumway David R e Sylvan David 1953-, a cura di. Knowledges: Historical and critical studies in disciplinarity. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1993.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Historical-critical approach"
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Burman, Erica. "Decolonising Childhood, Reconceptualising Distress: A Critical Psychological Approach to (Deconstructing) Child Well-Being". In Cultural-Historical and Critical Psychology, 99–111. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2209-3_7.
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Rodríguez Arocho, Wanda C. "A Theory of Subjectivity in the Context of Critical Currents Trends in the Cultural-Historical Approach". In Theory of Subjectivity from a Cultural-Historical Standpoint, 91–103. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1417-0_6.
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Römer, Thomas. "Chapter Fourteen. ‘Higher Criticism’: The Historical and Literary-critical Approach – with Special Reference to the Pentateuch". In Hebrew Bible / Old Testament. III: From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Part I: The Nineteenth Century - a Century of Modernism and Historicism, 393–423. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666540219.393.
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Smend, Rudolf. "Chapter Eighteen. A Conservative Approach in Opposition to a Historical-critical Interpretation: E.W. Hengstenberg and Franz Delitzsch". In Hebrew Bible / Old Testament. III: From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Part I: The Nineteenth Century - a Century of Modernism and Historicism, 494–520. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666540219.494.
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Icoz, Gülay, e Natalie Martin. "Historical Institutionalism and EU–Turkey Relations: Path Dependence and Critical Junctures in the Accession Process". In EU-Turkey Relations, 83–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70890-0_4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis chapter employs the perspective of historical institutionalism to analyze and explain why Turkey’s EU accession process endures even though it has not significantly progressed since it began. It argues that its temporal approach, the concepts of critical junctures and path dependence help explain the processes of stasis and change inherent within it. The chapter starts with an outline of historical institutionalism and contextualizes its conceptual and theoretical value for the analysis of EU–Turkey relations, arguing that an underlying path dependence in the accession process is the result of security considerations. The chapter continues by identifying several critical junctures which have intervened, and both expedited and hampered the process. The opposition of member states, the Arab Spring, and authoritarian drift within Turkey are important factors in this context. On this basis, the analysis shows how progress achieved has typically been countered by opposition, often related to human rights concerns. As a result, the accession process has stagnated but has endured at the same time as security interests and human rights concerns have balanced each other over time.
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Gabellieri, Nicola. "Il filo da riannodare: Massimo Quaini, una letteratura per la geografia e una geografia per la letteratura". In Il pensiero critico fra geografia e scienza del territorio, 311–24. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-322-2.21.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With regard to the relationship between literary works and geographical studies, Massimo Quaini’s interest consolidated into a heuristic imprint whose originality has not yet been adequately enlightened. Through the analysis of his essays, the paper identifies some clues of his thought: methodologically, the need for a critical approach of ‘archeology of knowledge and sources’ to the writer’s profile; teleologically, the identification of the geographical factors inside the works as a tool for territorial enhancement; epistemologically, the use of literary topoi and metaphors as an interpretive key – together with the geographical-historical analysis – of the historical and current territorial dynamics.
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Taha, Hamdan. "Palestinian historical narrative 1". In A New Critical Approach to the History of Palestine, 17–42. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429052835-2.
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Oldenhage, Tania. "Joachim Jeremias and the Historical‐Critical Approach". In Parables for Our Time, 39–50. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/019515052x.003.0004.
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"The historical materialist approach to critical terrorism studies". In Routledge Handbook of Critical Terrorism Studies, 96–105. New York : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315813462-15.
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Maiers, Wolfgang. "The Historical Approach of Critical Psychology: Another Case of “Paradigm Promotion”?" In Current Issues in Theoretical Psychology, 175–88. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4115(08)60072-2.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "Historical-critical approach"
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Kummerow, Andre, Steffen Nicolai e Peter Bretschneider. "Ensemble approach for automated extraction of critical events from mixed historical PMU data sets". In 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2018.8586641.
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November, Nancy, Sean Sturm e 'Ema Wolfgramm-Foliaki. "Critical Thinking and Culturally-Sustaining Teaching: Developing the Historical Literacy of Māori and Pasifika Undergraduates in Aotearoa/New Zealand". In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11179.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, we explore critical thinking in the context of developing culturally-sustaining historical literacy in Māori and Pasifika students at a large, multicultural university in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Critical thinking and culturally-sustaining historical literacy might seem like an odd couple insofar as critical thinking tends to be associated with liberal Western (academic) culture. Students can resist developing their critical thinking, not least because culturally-sustaining ‘critical being’ is a threshold concept, requiring a flexible, yet clearly structured pedagogical approach. But the development of critical being is vital to culturally-sustaining teaching because of the role the associated skills and dispositions play in supporting cultural autonomy and voice. We talked with nineteen teachers of a range of ethnicities from across the historical disciplines at the University of Auckland to document the pedagogical strategies they used to develop the critical thinking skills of their Māori and Pasifika students in a culturally-sustaining way: fostering peer dialogue that draws on personal experience; practising perspective-taking; drawing on popular culture for its contemporary and cultural relevance; drawing on one’s culture in choosing relevant topics; and creating learning spaces conducive to critical being.
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Leong, Darrell, Ying Min Low e Youngkook Kim. "An Efficient System Reliability Approach Against Mooring Overload Failures". In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract As exploration for hydrocarbon resources venture into deeper waters, offshore floating structures are increasingly required to be stationed at sites of highly uncertain environmental loading conditions. Driven by high historical mooring failure rates of severe consequences, the need for effective long-term structural reliability methods arises for mooring lines. However, system nonlinearities, high problem dimensionality, and the diversity of conceivable failure causalities their extremely low probabilities complicates the analysis. Variations on the Monte Carlo approach are robust in addressing these challenges, but at the expense of high computational costs. In this study, distributions of environmental parameters and their correlations are modelled into a joint probabilistic description. By classifying conceivable sea states across the domain, an efficient uniform sampling scheme is presented as an efficient means of assessing long-term reliability against extreme events. The proposed method was performed on a floating production unit case study situated in the hurricane-prone Gulf of Mexico, exposed to irregular wave loads. The analysis was found to provide probability estimates with negligible bias when validated against subset simulation, with significant variance reduction of mean estimators by eliminating the need to over-simulate non-critical environmental conditions. The resulting sampling density has an added advantage of being non-failure specific, enabling system reliability assessments across multiple modes and locations of failure without the need for re-analysis.
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Alexandre de Jesus Miranda, Carlos, e Miguel Mattar Neto. "Structural Integrity Assessment of Steam Generator Tubes Using a New EPRI Statistical Approach". In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22473.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A fundamental step in tube plugging management of a Steam Generator (SG), in a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), is the tube structural integrity evaluation. The degradation of SG tubes may be considered one of the most serious problems found in PWRs operation, mainly when the tube material is the Inconel 600. The first repair criterion was based on the degradation mode where a uniform tube wall thickness corrosion thinning occurred. Thus, a requirement of a maximum depth of 40% of the tube wall thickness was imposed for any type of tube damage. A new approach considers different defects arising from different degradation modes, which comes from the in-service inspections (NDE) and how to consider the involved uncertainties. It is based on experimental results, using statistics to consider the involved uncertainties, to assess structural limits of PWR SG tubes. In any case, the obtained results, critical defect dimensions, are within the regulatory limits. In this paper this new approach will be discussed and it will be applied to two cases (two defects) using typical data of SG tubes of one Westinghouse NPP. The obtained results are compared with ‘historical’ approaches and some comments are addressed from the results and their comparison.
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Arlitt, Ryan, Nikolaos Papakonstantinou, Bryan O’Halloran, Chris Hoyle e Robert Stone. "Using a Feasibility Study of Human Computation for Failure Scenario Identification". In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35363.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Expert opinion is a common resource for identifying potential failure scenarios, but experts can miss novel failure combinations that have no historical precedent. A variety of computational techniques offer their own strengths for failure scenario identification, but can be limited by historical data availability or prescribed models. This paper examines the question of whether a distributed group of non-expert humans can outperform a brute force algorithm in a failure scenario prediction task. This approach uses human intuition to guide solution space exploration, and provides feedback through a system simulation. The results of the paper show that human non-experts outperformed a Monte Carlo simulation, but converge to relatively few critical failure scenarios. These results indicate that while non-expert reasoning may not be directly applicable to effective exploration of many possible failure modes, human computation has the potential to augment or compete with stochastic algorithms in a complex systems failure analysis context.
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Barbeau, Dennis E. "Fast CE™ — A Radical Approach to Concurrent Engineering". In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-354.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper describes the status and potential for a fast time-to-market concurrent engineering process. The principles have been developed by the author over a 25 year learning process and used effectively on a variety of programs. Fast CE™ is fundamentally predicated on integration of the manufacturing and engineering processes at the conceptual design phase. Commencement at this early date is critical — 80 to 90% of the inherent production unit cost is locked in place during this process. Subsequent to development of an integrated design strategy, both producibility and functional product development evolve in parallel using a “model-centric” approach to maintain the integrity of all elements of the program. Fast CE™ not only eliminates the use of drawings, it requires that they not be used in any capacity except as a convenience reference. This provides tight control over a common data base that directly links all of the activities necessary to design and produce a product. The result is a significant reduction in cost and schedule, with gains in all of the processes required to bring a product to market. Drawing elimination in itself can amount to a savings of as much as one third of the total design cost. The activities previously supported by drawings — quality assurance, for example — are managed through simpler, more functionally oriented processes. The author describes the elements of Fast CE™ and the radical changes required in certain areas. Historical background traces development of the processes, providing perspective on the strategies and the issues faced and overcome, and leading to the issues currently faced in attainment of its full potential. The cost and schedule gains identified require cultural as well as operational changes. The more radical of these changes present a management challenge to any organization intent on gaining the full spectrum of benefits.
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Érsek, Attila. "Történelmi forrásokhoz kapcsolódó kritikai gondolkodásfejlesztés tapasztalatai". In Agria Média 2020 : „Az oktatás digitális átállása korunk pedagógiai forradalma”. Eszterházy Károly Egyetem Líceum Kiadó, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17048/am.2020.179.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Az előadás egy átfogó kutatási téma eredményeinek megosztására irányul (Érsek, 2019). Olyan neveléstudományi témában kerestem módszertani megoldást, amely szorosan kapcsolódik a kritikai gondolkodás fejlesztéséhez elektronikus tanulási környezetben. A történelmi tartalomba ágyazott kritikai gondolkodás kognitív elemeinek mérési, fejlesztési területeire koncentráltam. A történelemtanítás kutatásának nemzetközi dimenziójában az egyik megközelítés szerint a kritikai gondolkodás fejlesztésének és a forráselemzésnek kell a történelemtanítás középpontjában állnia (Jancsák, 2019). A feladat és a fogalmi keret összetettsége miatt kevés a sikeresnek tekinthető empirikus vizsgálat a kritikai gondolkodás terén. Magyarországon elindult a fogalom pedagógiai értelmezése (Molnár L., 2002.; Tóth, 2007.; Kovács, 2009.; Fábián, 2014.), az angolszász pedagógia fókuszában a fogalmi tisztázás és a kritikai gondolkodás szerkezeti elemeinek feltárása, összegzése áll (Elder – Paul, 2006.; Lai, 2011). Kutatásom során megalkottam a történelem témakörben alkalmazható kritikai gondolkodás taxonómiát, amelyet pontosítottam Anderson-Krathwohl (2001) tanulási célkitűzések modelljének segítségével. A történelemtanárok gondolkodását és nézeteit feltártam strukturálatlan kognitív térkép módszerével, támogatott felidézéssel. Szakértői mintavétel történt. Az oktatástervezési megközelítések közül (Ollé, 2015. p. 86.) a jelen kutatás fejlesztése oktatástanulás szempontjából építette fel a tanköri modulokat, azaz a kognitív folyamatok fejlesztésére koncentrált. A pedagógiai kísérlet terepe a Neo LMS alkalmazás lett, ami e-learning keretrendszer, tananyagtartalom szervező rendszer (LCMS). Általam fejlesztett 2 hetes tanórán kívüli anyagot osztottam meg, tutorként támogattam a diákok tanulási folyamatait. A kutatás eljárásrendjét (eszközök, módszerek), megbízhatósági mutatóit ismertetem az előadás során. A 11-12. évfolyamos gimnazistáknál csoportos valószínűségi mintavételt alkalmaztam, kiegészítettem a hólabda mintavételi eljárással (összesen 330 fő). Kutatási kérdés volt: Milyen módon mérhető a történelmi tartalomba ágyazott kritikai gondolkodás kognitív elemeinek tanulói teljesítménye elektronikus tanulási környezetben? A kutatás hipotézisei közül egyet emelek ki (egymintás t-próbát alkalmaztam ennél): A történelmi tartalomba ágyazott kritikai gondolkodás kognitív elemeinek tanulói teljesítményét lényegesen befolyásolja a Neo LMS fejlesztő anyagainak megismerése. Az önkontrollos csoport esetében ez bizonyítást nyert. Bízom benne, hogy a tanulók kritikai gondolkodásának kognitív elemeit és a digitális kompetenciát fejlesztő módszertani megoldásom hozzájárul a pedagógiai kultúraváltáshoz. A bemutatásra kerülő pedagógiai kísérlet a tanulók egyéni fejlesztésérére koncentrál, egy jó példája a SAMR modell (Puentedura, 2006) felső szintjének, alkalmazásával hatékonnyá tehető a különböző történelmi források feldolgozása, miközben az IKT által nyújtott lehetőségek is megvalósulnak. ----- A report on developing critical thinking connected to historical sources ----- The goal of the presentation is to share the results of a comprehensive research topic (Érsek, 2019). I attempted to find a skill developing methodological solution in the field of pedagogy that is closely connected to the development of critical thinking in an e-learning environment. The focus is on assessing and developing the cognitive elements of critical thinking embedded in historical teaching materials. One approach to the research on History teaching at an international level states that developing critical thinking and source analysis are the main tasks of History instruction (Jancsák, 2019). Owing to the complexity of the task and the complex conceptual framework, there has been only a few empirical studies in the field of critical thinking that can be regarded as successful. The pedagogical interpretation of the concept has begun in Hungary (Molnár L., 2002.; Tóth, 2007.; Kovács, 2009.; Fábián, 2014.), and the Anglo-Saxon pedagogy focuses on conceptual clarification and on the exploration and summarization of the structural elements of critical thinking (Elder – Paul, 2006.; Lai, 2011). Based on my research, I created a critical thinking taxonomy which can be applied within the context of History, and I further refined it by using Anderson-Krathwohl’s (2001) model of learning objectives. I explored the beliefs and attitudes of History teachers by using a non-structured cognitive map and stimulated recall with questions. The sample procedure was expert sampling. From the educational planning approaches (Ollé, 2015. p. 86.), the development of the present research created the modules of the course from the education-learning perspective, which means that it focused on the development of cognitive processes. The present pedagogical experiment was executed within the Neo LMS application, which is an e-learning platform and a learning content management system (LCMS). I created and shared a two-week skill developing material, which was not part of class activities, with the students, and I assisted their learning processes as a tutor. In this presentation, I outline the research protocol (tools, methods) and reliability indices of the research. I applied probability cluster sampling in the case of eleventh- and twelfth-graders, and additionally used snowball sampling (altogether 330 participants). The research questions were the following: How can the students’ performance be assessed related to the cognitive elements of critical thinking embedded in historical teaching materials in an elearning environment? I highlight one of the research hypotheses (one-sample t-test was used in this case): Students’ performance related to the cognitive aspects of critical thinking embedded in historical teaching materials is significantly influenced by becoming familiar with the Neo LMS skill developing materials. In the case of the single-case experiment group, this hypothesis was confirmed. I hope that my methodological solution that develops the cognitive elements of students’ thinking and their digital competence will contribute to the transition in pedagogical approach. The presented research in the field of pedagogy focuses on the individual development of students, which is a good example of the highest level of the SAMR model (Puentedura, 2006), and by applying this, the interpretation of different historical sources can be more effective and the opportunities offered by the ICT environment are also incorporated.
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Penso, Jorge, Julian J. Bedoya, Scott Bouse e Sathish K. Ramamoorthy. "Assessment of the Critical Tilting Angle of a Coke Drum Vessel Subject to Seismic Loading". In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65870.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Assessment of a coke drum for seismic stability is generally a well-documented load case, with ample examples and historical design experience. However, the long-term effects of non-uniform temperature distributions have in many cases led to a phenomenon in coke drums commonly referred to as the “banana effect”. The banana effect leads to out-of-plumb, and local weakening of the shell due to bulging, and creates a more vulnerable structure where the contributions of tilting angle and effective seismic loads vary with each stage of the coking cycle. This paper outlines one practical approach to this challenging problem, along with the derivations and analytical techniques necessary to support the resulting conclusions. The framework developed was able to compare the influences of tilting and seismic accelerations independently, even when acting simultaneously. Using this technique, the analysis was able to efficiently predict a relationship between an expected seismic load and the critical drum tilt angle, with only minor adjustments needed to account for non-linear vertical distribution of the shear force.
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Russo, Massimiliano, Harald Holden, Lorents Reinås e Morten Sæther. "Fatigue Assessment of Subsea Wells for Future and Historical Operations Based on Measured Riser Loads". In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83162.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Operators in the North Sea have recently strengthened their efforts in documenting the integrity of subsea wellhead systems. As a part of this effort, fatigue damage estimation of subsea wells in service has been performed. Fatigue damage estimation on subsea wells due to drilling riser dynamic loads was carried out by the use of analytical model results. The applied analytical methodology is based on a decoupled approach, where global load analyses and local stress calculations are carried out prior to a SN based fatigue accumulation. Applying such methodology on safety critical systems the analytical philosophy should ensure conservative fatigue damage. For cases where the fatigue calculations returned unfavorable estimates, one corrective action has been to measure the actual riser response and to monitor the development of fatigue damage closely. For this purpose a methodology for fatigue estimation based on measured riser response was needed. In this approach of estimating the fatigue damage, the global load analysis results are replaced by measured dynamic load time series. By combining direct riser response measurements with local stress calculations, a revised SN based fatigue accumulation can be performed. The fatigue damage derived from measured riser response is compared to the fatigue damage based only on analytical results. From this comparison the conservatism in the analysis methodology for the global riser response is shown to be significant. As this method relays on measurements, it will only yield historical fatigue damage and at best it can return updated fatigue capacity usage on the fly. Forecasting fatigue damage still have to be established based on global riser analyses results, resulting in a conservative forecast. This paper suggests an updated methodology using actual measured response to both asses fatigue damages of historical operations and forecast fatigue damages based on historic operations. By cycle counts of measured response time series (one hour response) a link between this cycle count and the coexistent significant wave height and spectral peak period can be established. This relationship between observed weather and measured response is representative for the rig and riser system on which the measurements were performed. Then forecast and measurements of the weather conditions can be used to estimate the historical damage and the future fatigue damage respectively. The paper will present results from the suggested approach by use of examples from a real North Sea well in shallow water.
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Mekha, Basim, e Robin Gordon. "The Role of Engineering Critical Assessment in the Life Extension of Risers Connected to Floating Systems". In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19085.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract As many offshore production systems approach the end of their original Design Life, Operators are faced with the choice of either decommissioning or demonstrating that the original Design Life can be extended (Life Extension). Life extension requires the Operator to perform detailed engineering analyses to verify that the system can be operated safely over the period of Life Extension. In many cases this requires detailed fatigue analysis and inspection programs to demonstrate that original fabrication flaws or fatigue cracks that may have existed during the welding of the riser joints or initiated over the original Design Life will not grow to a critical size resulting in failure. Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) is now routinely applied in the design and fabrication of new offshore riser systems to develop girth weld flaw acceptance criteria. The resulting flaw acceptance criteria ensure that fabrication flaws will not extend to a critical size over the Design Life and thus the riser still meet its calculated fatigue life. Although ECA procedures for new construction are well established and standard practices have been adopted throughout the industry, ECA procedures for Life Extension have not yet evolved to the same level of acceptance. This paper will review specific issues associated with applying ECA to support Life Extension of offshore Riser Systems. The paper will provide the overall ECA philosophy and methodology for life extension to be adopted for the historical (hindcast or Phase 1) and future (forecast or Phase 2) analysis of the risers. Some thoughts will also be given to the approach implemented to take advantage of the actual weld fabrication data with the focus on the fatigue critical sections of the risers. Finally, the paper will address the requirements for riser in-situ inspection and how the results could be analyzed and applied to the life extension analysis in conjunction with the ECA analysis.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Historical-critical approach"
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Dalglish, Chris, e Sarah Tarlow, a cura di. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, settembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world. MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world. PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies. COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems. REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.