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Articoli di riviste sul tema "History and Philosophy of Science and Medicine not elsewhere classified"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 6 febbraio 2022

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1

Leach, Stephen. "History, Ethics and Philosophy: Bernard Williams’ Appraisal of R. G. Collingwood." Journal of the Philosophy of History 5, no. 1 (2011): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226311x555446.

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AbstractThe author examines Williams’ appraisal of Collingwood both in his eponymous essay on Collingwood, in the posthumously published Sense of the Past (2006), and elsewhere in his work. The similarities and differences between their philosophies are explored: in particular, with regard to the relationship between philosophy and history and the relationship between the study of history and our present-day moral attitudes. It is argued that, despite Williams usually being classified as an analytic philosopher and Collingwood being classified as an idealist, there is substantial common ground

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HALL, DAVID D. "WHAT WAS THE HISTORY OF THE BOOK? A RESPONSE." Modern Intellectual History 4, no. 3 (October 4, 2007): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244307001400.

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The history of the book is everywhere, so widely diffused that it merits comparison with the famously elusive Scarlet Pimpernel, whose pursuers sought him without success. Like that figure, book history passes among us in disguise, reluctant to reveal its presence even as it gains ever-greater recognition. In some quarters, it lurks within the domain of bibliography, a field of scholarship dedicated to describing the histories of printed texts and, in the service of this enterprise, concerned with the details of book-making. Elsewhere, book history installs itself within descriptions of librar

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3

Nye, Robert A. "The History of Sexuality in Context: National Sexological Traditions." Science in Context 4, no. 2 (1991): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001022.

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The ArgumentI argue here that in its historical development, sexology developed differently in France than elsewhere in Europe. Though I concur that the modern notion of “sexuality” arose some time in the last half of the nineteenth century, the older notion of ”sex” persisted in French science and medicine for a far longer time than elsewhere because of a fear that nonreproductive sexual behavior would deepen the country's population crisis. I argue that the scientific and medical concepts of the sexual perversions, particularly homosexuality, were considered by French sexologists to be abnor

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4

Knight, David Marcus. "Travels and science in Brazil." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 8, suppl (2001): 809–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702001000500001.

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Bearing in mind the distinction between the universally-curious explorer and the scientist with a theory to test, we shall ask three questions as we look at scientific travellers coming to Brazil in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. These questions are: Why did they come? What did they notice? and What were the consequences of their work? In the early days, visitors were chiefly impelled by curiosity about the world and especially by the tropical abundance of Brazil. In the nineteenth century, naturalists arrived with theories to test and noticed unexpected phenomena, such as the mimicr

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5

Manchester, Ralph A. "Biomedical Ethics in Performing Arts Medicine Research." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2007.3020.

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As the field of performing arts medicine continues to advance, it is essential that we maintain the trust that has been built over the last quarter century with the dancers, musicians, and other performing artists we serve. Trust is a precious commodity that is built over time, largely between individual health care professionals and the patients for whom they care. However, other things we do (or don't do) can have a major influence on the trust and confidence that others place in us. One of these is research and the way we conduct research, especially when it involves human subjects. The pub

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6

Yoon, Hong-key. "Four Points to Be Considered when Writing “A History of Science and Civilisation in Korea”." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 42, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-04201004.

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A research project entitled “A History of Science and Civilisation in Korea” is planning to publish an English-language monograph series that endeavours to learn from established scholarship on the history of science by benefiting from its accomplishments and overcoming some of its shortcomings. This paper argues that the following four points are important for Korean historians of science to consider: (1) overcoming ‘presentism’— to avoid writing history from a contemporary standpoint and to justify present-day Korea, (2) adopting a cross-cultural approach—to avoid unjustified nationalistic a

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Flores-Franco, René A., and Nancy E. Limas-Frescas. "The Overused Airway: Lessons from a Young Trumpet Player." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 35–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2010.1007.

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Young trumpet players are predisposed to certain performance-related health risks. Nevertheless, the published experience with specific disorders is considered confusing and anecdotal. In the context of a review of the literature, we analyze a case report of a young patient who presented with two different disorders typically related to trumpet playing. After considering the diagnoses that had been made elsewhere, we were able to make the correct diagnoses and choose the correct treatment. We conclude that physicians need to be aware of these disorders, because they could be mistakenly attribu

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8

Davids, Karel. "Public Knowledge and Common Secrets. Secrecy and its Limits in the Early-Modern Netherlands." Early Science and Medicine 10, no. 3 (2005): 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573382054615424.

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AbstractOpenness of knowledge was in the Dutch Republic no more a natural state of affairs than in other parts of Europe at the time, but it became dominant there at an earlier date than elsewhere. This puzzling phenomenon is the subject of this essay. The article shows that tendencies to secrecy in crafts and trades in the Netherlands were by no means absent and that public authorities were not principled supporters of openness. Openness of knowledge did not prevail because arguments in favour of a free exchange of knowledge won the day against a rhetoric in defense of secrecy or because a ra

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9

Ramella, M., F. Fronte, and RM Converti. "Postural Disorders in Conservatory Students: The Diesis Project." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2014.1005.

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Prolonged and incorrect postures are one of the main risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal pathologies. The aims of this study were to study the prevalence of incorrect postures among conservatory students; to identify if the use of an asymmetric instrument represents a risk factor for developing postural disorders; and to investigate whether a correlation exists between years of study, physical activity, and prevalence of postural disorders. METHODS: The subjects were recruited among students of the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory of Milano. All musical instruments were investigated

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10

Brandfonbrener, Alice G. "20 Years of Unique Aspen Meetings." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2002.4023.

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The 20th Annual Symposium on the Medical Problems of Musicians and Dancers took place in Aspen, Colorado, from June 20 to 23, 2002. When the first meeting was proposed back in 1982, it was without realizing that interest in musicians’ injuries was a rising national and international phenomenon. No one would have predicted that these meetings would continue at all, let alone for 20 years. This was clearly an example of an idea for which the time was ripe, and had the meeting not occurred in Aspen, it would likely have happened elsewhere. But it did happen in Aspen and it has been exciting to wi

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11

Coni, Nicholas. "The best of leaders at the worst of times: medical scientist and war premier." Journal of Medical Biography 28, no. 3 (November 14, 2017): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772017727977.

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Professor Juan Negrín López was Prime Minister of the democratically elected left-wing government of Spain for the latter two-and-a-half years of the three-year Civil War which ravaged the country between 1936 and 1939. The side loyal to the government lost, partly because of the generous aid received by their opponents from Germany and Italy, partly because of the Anglo-French agreement, observed by most countries but ignored by Germany and Italy, to outlaw arms supplies to either side, partly because of internal dissent, and partly because of the greater military capability of the enemy. Neg

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Brandfonbrener, Alice G. "“All the World’s a Stage . . .”." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2000.1001.

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Shakespeare’s view of the world as a stage was the metaphor from which he drew drama from life, but presumably he was not concerned about real-life dangers lurking behind the arras, or elsewhere, on the actual stage. However, for many involved in our theaters, performance and danger are all too often inseparable. In fact, the physical characteristics of the stage itself are associated with significant factors that threaten the well-being of all performing artists. A recent event in Chicago illustrated this fact, all the more dramatically because of its none-too-subtle symbolism. During the fin

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Fidora, Alexander. "Divination and Scientific Prediction." Early Science and Medicine 18, no. 6 (2013): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-0186p0002.

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Starting with a survey of the terminology that was used to describe the epistemological status of the mantic arts during the Middle Ages, this article focuses on the connections between the theoretical assumptions of these arts and of other prognostic disciplines of the time. While during the thirteenth century, mantic disciplines, medicine and meteorology were classified altogether as conjectural sciences that were all based on the interpretation of signs, during the fourteenth century, a more differentiated model of scientific prediction developed in medical theory as well as in meteorology.

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Cahalan, Roisin, Helen Purtill, and Kieran O’Sullivan. "Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Foot and Ankle Pain and Injury in Irish Dance: A Prospective Study." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2017.2018.

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BACKGROUND: Foot and ankle pain/injury (FAPI) is the most common musculoskeletal problem suffered in Irish dancing. A prospective examination of risk factors for FAPI in this cohort has never been performed. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study over 1-year. METHODS: 85 elite adult Irish dancers were screened at baseline for biopsychosocial factors and followed up prospectively each month for 1 year to evaluate FAPI rates and potential risk factors. Subjects who suffered from multiple incidences of FAPI (with no pain/injury reported elsewhere in the body) or at least one moderate episode of FAPI wer

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Karenberg, Axel, and Ferdinand Peter Moog. "Heilige Als Patrone Gegen Den Schlaganfall1." Early Science and Medicine 8, no. 3 (2003): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338203x00062.

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AbstractIn Christian Europe of the High Middle Ages, saints played a central role in the everyday life of the ailing. Alongside healing attempts which involved magic and/or scientifically-based medicine, the invocation of specific patron saints for protection against evils or for the curing of ailments was a widespread practise. A large choice of patron saints was "available" for a wide range of diseases, especially those nowadays classified as neurologic or psychiatric. For the falling sickness alone, e.g., there is evidence of some twenty patron saints reputed to have a particular involvemen

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16

Yongdan, Lobsang. "A Scholarly Imprint: How Tibetan Astronomers Brought Jesuit Astronomy to Tibet." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 45, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-04501005.

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The European Jesuits’ mission to China during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is considered a world-historical event that played an important role in the transmission of knowledge between the West and the East. In spite of its historical significance, it was long assumed that the Jesuit mission to China and its scientific scholarship had never reached the mountainous regions of Tibet. As I have described elsewhere, this was not the case. Between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Tibetans not only translated a large number of the Jesuits’ works into Tibetan, they also reformed t

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Brown, Derrick D. "Gender Diversity, Sexual Orientation, and Bone Health in the Maturing Dancer." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2017.4036.

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Gender identity forms an important aspect of still developing youths. Gender is traditionally classified into two distinct categories, female and male. Transgender is a general term that describes individuals who self-identity as male, female, both, or neither (i.e., gender fluid) and do not match the assigned at-birth gender. Adolescent transgender individuals are currently a marginal population. There are limited demographics on youths, but as of 2014 an estimate of 1.4 million adults in the USA identified as transgender. It does seem, however, as more adults embrace their gender diversity a

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Steavu, Dominic. "Buddhism, Medicine, and the Affairs of the Heart: Āyurvedic Potency Therapy (Vājīkarana) and the Reappraisal of Aphrodisiacs and Love Philters in Medieval Chinese Sources." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 45, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 9–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-04501003.

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This article examines how discursive frames modify forms of knowledge and practice. More precisely, it considers the problem of categories in early and medieval Chinese sources through the lens of recipes designed to facilitate intercourse. In pre-Buddhist Chinese sources, such prescriptions traditionally fell either under the rubric of ‘nourishing life’ (yangsheng 養生) longevity practices or spellbinding (zhuzu 祝詛). While recipes that appear in the former bracket—referred to in this study as ‘aphrodisiacs’—were couched in a discourse of healing and classified as a medical undertaking, those as

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19

Catani, Guilherme SA, Rogério Hamerschmidt, Ana TR Moreira, Jorge RR Timi, Gislaine RM Wiemes, Jorge Ido, and Evaldo Macedo. "Subjective and Objective Analyses of Voice Improvement After Phonosurgery in Professional Voice Users." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2016.1004.

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate voice improvement after phonosurgery by subjective and objective voice analysis. DESIGN: Prospective observational analytic group study. METHODS: This study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2013. Two hundred forty professional voice users (patients), classified as Koufman level I or II with benign vocal fold lesions, were divided in two groups. Patients in group 1 had a diagnosis of superficial vocal fold lesions, and patients in group 2 had deep lesions on the vocal folds. All patients completed the Vocal Performance Questionnaire (VPQ) and underwent acousti

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20

Barrell, Gene Margaret, and Peter Charles Terry. "Trait Anxiety and Coping Strategies among Ballet Dancers." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2003.2012.

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This study examined relationships between competitive trait anxiety and coping strategies among ballet dancers. Participants were 104 classical dancers (81 females and 23 males) ranging in age from 15 to 35 years (mean 19.4 years; SD 3.8 years) from three professional ballet companies, two private dance schools, and two university dance courses in Australia. Participants completed the Modified COPE scale and the Sport Anxiety Scale. Trait anxiety scores, in particular for somatic anxiety and worry, were significant predictors of 7 of the 12 coping strategies (wishful thinking, R2 = 42.3%; self

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Barlow, Christopher. "Evidence of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Young People Studying Popular Music." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2011.2014.

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The number of students studying popular music, music technology, and sound engineering courses at both school and university to has increased rapidly in the last few years. These students are generally involved in music-making/recording and listening to a high level, usually in environments with amplified music. Recent studies have shown that these students are potentially exposed to a high risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and are not covered by the same regulatory framework as employees. This study examined the pure tone air conduction hearing thresholds of 50 undergraduate students,

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Szabó, Marianna, Ian Maxwell, Mitchell L. Cunningham, and Mark Seton. "Alcohol Use by Australian Actors and Performing Artists: A Preliminary Examination from the Australian Actors’ Wellbeing Study." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2020.2012.

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BACKGROUND: Anecdotal and media reports suggest that actors and performing artists are vulnerable to high levels of alcohol use. However, little empirical research is available to document the extent and correlates of alcohol use amongst these artists, particularly in an Australian context. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated alcohol use in a sample of Australian actors and other performing artists and its associations with sociodemographic background, psychological wellbeing, and work stress. METHODS: An online survey was distributed to the Equity Foundation membership representing Australian

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Twitchett, Emily, Manuela Angioi, Giorgos S. Metsios, Yiannis Koutedakis, and Matthew Wyon. "Body Composition and Ballet Injuries: A Preliminary Study." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2008.3020.

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To date, the effects of body composition on injury occurrence and healing times in dancers have received limited scientific attention. The aim of the current study was to determine possible associations between somatotype, percent body fat, and self-reported injury characteristics in dance students. Forty-two full-time ballet students (11 male, 31 female) from two vocational dance schools volunteered for the study. The Heath-Carter protocol and Siri equation were adopted to calculate somatotype and percent body fat (%BF), respectively. Injury types, together with the time taken to recover from

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Beach, Elizabeth F., and Ian O’Brien. "In Their Own Words: Interviews with Musicians Reveal the Advantages and Disadvantages of Wearing Earplugs." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2017.2017.

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BACKGROUND: Musicians are at risk of hearing loss from sound exposure, and earplugs form part of many musicians’ hearing conservation practices. Although musicians typically report a range of difficulties when wearing earplugs, there are many who have managed to successfully incorporate earplugs into their practice of music. OBJECTIVE: The study aim was to provide a detailed account of earplug usage from the perspective of the musician, including motivating factors, practical strategies, and attitudes. METHODS: In-depth interviews with 23 musicians were transcribed and content analysis was per

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Spahn, Claudia, Nikolaus Ell, and Karin Seidenglanz. "Psychosomatic Findings in Musician Patients at a Department of Hand Surgery." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2001.4024.

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In the present study, the degree and frequency of symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as signs of somatoform disorders were ascertained in former musician patients of a department of hand surgery by means of standardized psychometric instruments. It was also the goal of the study to find out to what extent musicians seeking somatically oriented therapy ascribe significance to psychosocial factors regarding the etiology and the course of their ailments, and to what extent they feel psychologically stressed by their somatic symptoms. Sixty-nine musicians were evaluated. The results of the

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Kory, Stephan N. "Omen Watching, Mantic Observation, Aeromancy, and Learning to ‘See’: The Rise and Messy Multiplicity of Zhanhou 占候 in Late Han and Medieval China". East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 50, № 1 (25 червня 2019): 67–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-05001005.

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This article investigates the early history of a Chinese mantic practice unattested before the late first century CE known as zhanhou 占候 (lit., omen watching; divination through observation; divination of atmospheric or meteorological conditions). While early occurrences of the term primarily present it as a learned form of divination used to forecast human fortune through the interpretation of anomalous emanations of qi 氣 in heaven-and-earth (e.g., wind; clouds; rain; rainbows), zhanhou is also variously classified as an astrological, Five Agents, or military technique; and variously identifi

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Baadjou, Vera AE, Jeanine AMCF Verbunt, Marjon DF van Eijsden-Besseling, Stephanie MD Huysmans, and Rob JEM Smeets. "The Musician as (In)Active Athlete? Exploring the Association Between Physical Activity and Musculoskeletal Complaints in Music Students." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2015.4042.

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OBJECTIVE: Musicians are often compared to athletes because of the physical exertion required to play music. The aim of this study was to explore the physical activity level of music students and to study its relationship with musculoskeletal complaints. A second goal was to assess associations between physical activity and pain, quality of life, and disability. METHODS: This cross-sectional study among third- and fourth-year music students used an electronic survey including measures for physical activity (SQUASH—Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing physical activity), musculoskelet

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Tsukahara, Togo. "An Unpublished Manuscript Geologica Japonica by Von Siebold: Geology, Mineralogy, and Copper in the Context of Dutch Colonial Science and the Introduction of Western Geo-sciences to Japan." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 40, no. 1 (June 25, 2014): 45–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-04001004.

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In this article, I will discuss one important aspect of historical encounters between Western colonial scientists and Japanese nature. In order to do so, I will shed new light on how geo-sciences became an object of scientific research of Japan, in the framework of Dutch colonial sciences. I will also show that Western interests in Japanese geo-sciences were primarily stimulated by economic motivations, and that, at the same time, it accompanied the process of the introduction of modern Western sciences into Japan. It is well-known that Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1866) studied Japanese na

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Armston-Sheret, Edward, and Kim Walker. "Is alcohol a tropical medicine? Scientific understandings of climate, stimulants and bodies in Victorian and Edwardian tropical travel." British Journal for the History of Science, September 24, 2021, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087421000649.

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Abstract This paper offers a new perspective on historical understandings of the relationship between alcohol, climate and the body, by studying the way that British explorers of tropical Africa drank alcohol and wrote about drink between c.1850 and c.1910. We demonstrate that alcohol was simultaneously classified as a medicinal, a preventative and a pleasurable drink, shaped by competing medical theories, but that distinctions between these different roles were highly blurred. We also show how many explorers thought certain drinks helped to protect white bodies from the effects of tropical di

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Wright Jr., James R., and Lynn McIntyre. "Misread and mistaken: Étienne Lancereaux’s enduring legacy in the classification of diabetes mellitus." Journal of Medical Biography, April 13, 2020, 096777202091479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772020914797.

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Historians of diabetes have long claimed that physicians were aware of two distinct types of diabetes mellitus by the 1880s, and that these were the direct forerunners of type 1, juvenile-onset and type 2, adult-onset diabetes. French physician Étienne Lancereaux (1829–1910), based on autopsy and clinical studies, classified diabetes either as diabète maigre (thin, or more accurately emaciated, diabetes), which he believed to be pancreatic in origin with a poor prognosis, or diabète gras (fat diabetes), which he believed had a much better prognosis and was not pancreatic in origin. Historians

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Wishah, Ghassan. "Ibn Sinaâ€™s Role in Scientific Discoveries." Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies 6, no. 6 (December 23, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.24203/ajhss.v6i6.5555.

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Ibn Sina is one of the greatest human history scholars as he left an indelible and appreciated mark in human evolution journey towards civilization. Ibn Sina has deepened in many science fields such as Medicine, Astronomy, Mathematics, Philosophy and psychology and classified hundreds of books in different sciences as well. Itâ€™s also worth mentioning that many Western European scientistsÂ have admitted Ibn Sinaâ€™s great efforts andÂ major influence in finding many modern scientific theories.Â

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Haupt, Adam. "Queering Hip-Hop, Queering the City: Dope Saint Jude’s Transformative Politics." M/C Journal 19, no. 4 (August 31, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1125.

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This paper argues that artist Dope Saint Jude is transforming South African hip-hop by queering a genre that has predominantly been male and heteronormative. Specifically, I analyse the opening skit of her music video “Keep in Touch” in order to unpack the ways which she revives Gayle, a gay language that adopted double-coded forms of speech during the apartheid era—a context in which homosexuals were criminalised. The use of Gayle and spaces close to the city centre of Cape Town (such as Salt River and Woodstock) speaks to the city as it was before it was transformed by the decline of industr

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Meleo-Erwin, Zoe C. "“Shape Carries Story”: Navigating the World as Fat." M/C Journal 18, no. 3 (June 10, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.978.

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Story spreads out through time the behaviors or bodies – the shapes – a self has been or will be, each replacing the one before. Hence a story has before and after, gain and loss. It goes somewhere…Moreover, shape or body is crucial, not incidental, to story. It carries story; it makes story visible; in a sense it is story. Shape (or visible body) is in space what story is in time. (Bynum, quoted in Garland Thomson, 113-114) Drawing on Goffman’s classic work on stigma, research documenting the existence of discrimination and bias against individuals classified as obese goes back five decades.

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