Articoli di riviste: "HIV - related lung disease"

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Cribbs, Sushma K., Kristina Crothers e Alison Morris. "Pathogenesis of HIV-Related Lung Disease: Immunity, Infection, and Inflammation". Physiological Reviews 100, n. 2 (1 aprile 2020): 603–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00039.2018.

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Despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-related pulmonary disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality for people living with HIV (PLWH). The spectrum of lung diseases has changed from acute opportunistic infections resulting in death to chronic lung diseases for those with access to ART. Chronic immune activation and suppression can result in impairment of innate immunity and progressive loss of T cell and B cell functionality with aberrant cytokine and chemokine responses systemically as well as in the lung. HIV can be detected in the lungs of PLWH and has profound effects on cellular immune functions. In addition, HIV-related lung injury and disease can occur secondary to a number of mechanisms including altered pulmonary and systemic inflammatory pathways, viral persistence in the lung, oxidative stress with additive effects of smoke exposure, microbial translocation, and alterations in the lung and gut microbiome. Although ART has had profound effects on systemic viral suppression in HIV, the impact of ART on lung immunology still needs to be fully elucidated. Understanding of the mechanisms by which HIV-related lung diseases continue to occur is critical to the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies to improve lung health in PLWH.

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Ron, Raquel, Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel, Eugenia García e María Luisa Montes-Ramírez. "IgG4-related disease in a patient with HIV infection". BMJ Case Reports 12, n. 4 (aprile 2019): e226809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-226809.

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A 47-year-old HIV-positive man with good immune and virological status presented with chronic multiple enlarged lymph nodes, lung disease and eosinophilia. Radiologic tests showed enlarged cervical, thoracic and axillary lymph nodes, with interstitial lung damage. After several non-specific histologic studies, an elevated serum IgG4 level led us to request immunohistochemistry of a lymph node sample. The test confirmed the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease.

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Nguyen, Elizabeth V., Sina A. Gharib, Kristina Crothers, Yu-Hua Chow, David R. Park, David R. Goodlett e Lynn M. Schnapp. "Proteomic landscape of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in human immunodeficiency virus infection". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 306, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2014): L35—L42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00140.2013.

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The lung is an important reservoir of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Individuals infected with HIV are more prone to pulmonary infections and chronic lung disorders. We hypothesized that comprehensively profiling the proteomic landscape of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with HIV would provide insights into how this virus alters the lung milieu and contributes to pathogenesis of HIV-related lung diseases. BALF was obtained from five HIV-negative (HIV−) and six asymptomatic HIV-positive (HIV+) subjects not on antiretroviral therapy. Each sample underwent shotgun proteomic analysis based on HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins between the groups were identified using statistical methods based on spectral counting. Mechanisms of disease were explored using functional annotation to identify overlapping and distinct pathways enriched between the BALF proteome of HIV+ and HIV− subjects. We identified a total of 318 unique proteins in BALF of HIV− and HIV+ subjects. Of these, 87 were differentially up- or downregulated between the two groups. Many of these differentially expressed proteins are known to interact with key HIV proteins. Functional analysis of differentially regulated proteins implicated downregulation of immune responses in lungs of HIV+ patients. Combining shotgun proteomic analysis with computational methods demonstrated that the BALF proteome is significantly altered during HIV infection. We found that immunity-related pathways are underrepresented in HIV+ patients. These findings implicate mechanisms whereby HIV invokes local immunosuppression in the lung and increases the susceptibility of HIV+ patients to develop a wide range of infectious and noninfectious pulmonary diseases.

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Cowan, N. C., e J. Moxham. "Upper zone cystic lung disease in HIV related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia". Thorax 48, n. 8 (1 agosto 1993): 869–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.48.8.869.

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Powles, T., M. Nelson e M. Bower. "HIV-related lung cancer - a growing concern?" International Journal of STD & AIDS 14, n. 10 (ottobre 2003): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646203322387875.

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Otani, Kyoko, Dai Inoue, Tomoo Itoh e Yoh Zen. "Transbronchial lung biopsy for the diagnosis of IgG4-related lung disease". Histopathology 73, n. 1 (2 maggio 2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/his.13513.

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Lipman, Marc, e James Brown. "HIV-related Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Are Lung CD4 T Cells Bothered?" American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 190, n. 7 (ottobre 2014): 718–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201408-1531ed.

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Geraghty, Patrick, Eran Hadas, Boe-Hyun Kim, Abdoulaye J. Dabo, David J. Volsky e Robert Foronjy. "HIV infection model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 312, n. 4 (1 aprile 2017): L500—L509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00431.2016.

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Cigarette smoke usage is prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, and, despite highly active antiretroviral therapy, these individuals develop an accelerated form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studies investigating the mechanisms of COPD development in HIV have been limited by the lack of suitable mouse models. Here we describe a model of HIV-induced COPD in wild-type mice using EcoHIV, a chimeric HIV capable of establishing chronic infection in immunocompetent mice. A/J mice were infected with EcoHIV and subjected to whole body cigarette smoke exposure. EcoHIV was detected in alveolar macrophages of mice. Compared with uninfected mice, concomitant EcoHIV infection significantly reduced forced expiratory flow 50%/forced vital capacity and enhanced distal airspace enlargement following cigarette smoke exposure. Lung IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression was significantly enhanced in smoke-exposed EcoHIV-infected mice. These changes coincided with enhanced IκBα, ERK1/2, p38, and STAT3 phosphorylation and lung cell apoptosis. Thus, the EcoHIV smoke exposure mouse model reproduces several of the pathophysiological features of HIV-related COPD in humans, indicating that this murine model can be used to determine key parameters of HIV-related COPD and to test future therapies for this disorder.

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Huang, Yvonne J., e Leopoldo N. Segal. "Looking Higher: Is It Prime Time for the Oral–Lung Axis in HIV-related Lung Disease?" American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 201, n. 4 (15 febbraio 2020): 402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201911-2170ed.

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Gingo, Matthew R. "The changing landscape of HIV-related lung disease: Non-AIDS lung malignancy as a player in the field". Respirology 19, n. 3 (12 marzo 2014): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/resp.12249.

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Rizqallah, Jason J., Christopher T. Shah, Oladoyin Oluwole e John N. Sheagren. "Undiagnosed HIV Presenting with Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonitis". Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/246706.

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Undiagnosed or untreated human immunodeficiency virus infection can lead to devastating complications. We present a case of a 41-year-old woman who was found to have HIV-related lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. LIP is uncommon, and its presentation can be quite similar to that of other chronic lung conditions. This case illustrates one of the possible protean manifestations of untreated HIV and is a sobering reminder of the need to screen all adults for HIV infection. Additionally, further invasive diagnostic testing may be required to guide therapy in patients with advanced acquired immune deficiency syndrome. This patient's LIP was likely related to long-standing unrecognized HIV disease.

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Belluomini, Lorenzo, Alberto Caldart, Alice Avancini, Alessandra Dodi, Ilaria Trestini, Dzenete Kadrija, Marco Sposito et al. "Infections and Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: A Bad Relationship?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 1 (22 dicembre 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010042.

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Infectious diseases represent a relevant issue in lung cancer patients. Bacterial and viral infections might influence the patients’ prognosis, both directly affecting the immune system and indirectly impairing the outcome of anticancer treatments, mainly immunotherapy. In this analysis, we aimed to review the current evidence in order to clarify the complex correlation between infections and lung cancer. In detail, we mainly explored the potential impact on immunotherapy outcome/safety of (1) bacterial infections, with a detailed focus on antibiotics; and (2) viral infections, discriminating among (a) human immune-deficiency virus (HIV), (b) hepatitis B/C virus (HBV-HCV), and (c) Sars-Cov-2. A series of studies suggested the prognostic impact of antibiotic therapy administration, timing, and exposure ratio in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, probably through an antibiotic-related microbiota dysbiosis. Although cancer patients with HIV, HBV, and HCV were usually excluded from clinical trials evaluating immunotherapy, some retrospective and prospective trials performed in these patient subgroups reported similar results compared to those described in not-infected patients, with a favorable safety profile. Moreover, patients with thoracic cancers are particularly at risk of COVID-19 severe outcomes and mortality. Few reports speculated about the prognostic implications of anticancer therapy, including immunotherapy, in lung cancer patients with concomitant Sars-Cov-2 infection, showing, to date, inconsistent results. The correlation between infectious diseases and immunotherapy remains to be further explored and clarified in the context of dedicated trials. In clinical practice, the accurate and prompt multidisciplinary management of lung cancer patients with infections should be encouraged in order to select the best treatment options for these patients, avoiding unexpected toxicities, while maintaining the anticancer effect.

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Suneja, Gita, Meredith S. Shiels, Sharon K. Melville, Melanie A. Williams, Ramesh Rengan e Eric A. Engels. "Disparities in the treatment and outcomes of lung cancer among HIV-infected people in Texas." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, n. 15_suppl (20 maggio 2012): 6070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6070.

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6070 Background: HIV-infected (HIV+) people are at elevated risk for lung cancer and have higher mortality following lung cancer diagnosis than uninfected (HIV-) individuals. The disparity in survival is partly due to advanced stage at diagnosis, but it is unclear whether HIV+ people with lung cancer are less likely to receive cancer treatment, which could worsen survival. Methods: We included adults ≥ 18 years of age with lung cancer reported to the Texas cancer registry (N=156,930). HIV status was determined by linkage with the enhanced Texas HIV/AIDS Reporting System. We compared HIV+ and HIV- lung cancer cases with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics. For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, we identified predictors of cancer treatment (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy) using logistic regression. We used Cox regression to evaluate the effects of HIV and treatment on lung cancer-specific mortality. Results: Compared with HIV- lung cancer cases (N=156,593), HIV+ lung cancer cases (N=337) were more likely to be young, non-Hispanic black, male, and to have distant stage disease (53.7% vs. 44.4%). HIV+ cases were less likely to receive cancer treatment than HIV- cases (60.3% vs. 77.5%; odds ratio 0.39, 95%CI 0.30-0.52 after adjustment for diagnosis year, age, sex, race, stage, and histologic subtype). In Cox models adjusted for these variables, both HIV infection (hazard ratio [HR] 1.34, 95%CI 1.15-1.56) and lack of cancer treatment (HR 1.69, 95%CI 1.66-1.72) were associated with higher lung cancer-specific mortality. After adjustment for cancer treatment, the association between HIV and lung cancer mortality was attenuated (HR 1.25, 95%CI 1.06-1.47). The association between HIV and lung cancer-specific mortality was stronger among untreated lung cancer cases (HR 1.32, 95%CI 1.01-1.72) than treated cases (adjusted HR 1.16, 95%CI 0.94-1.43; p-interaction=0.34). Conclusions: In this population-based study, HIV+ people with NSCLC were less likely to be treated for lung cancer than their HIV- counterparts. This lack of treatment may be partly responsible for higher cancer-related mortality in HIV+ cases. Further investigation is needed to understand disparities in cancer treatment for HIV+ people.

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Agostini, Carlo, Rosaria Sancetta, Andrea Cerutti e Gianpietro Semenzato. "Alveolar macrophages as a cell source of cytokine hyperproduction in HIV-related interstitial lung disease". Journal of Leukocyte Biology 58, n. 5 (novembre 1995): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlb.58.5.495.

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Rizzi, Elisa Busi, Vincenzo Schininá, Laura Rovighi, Massimo Cristofaro, Eugenio Bordi, Pasquale Narciso e Corrado Bibbolino. "HIV-Related Pneumococcal Lung Disease: Does Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy or Bacteremia Modify Radiologic Appearance?" AIDS Patient Care and STDs 22, n. 2 (febbraio 2008): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2007.0028.

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Yu, Hsing-Tse, Chen-Hsiang Lee, Shun-Chen Huang e Shan-Fu Yu. "Unsuspected human immunodeficiency virus infection presenting as immunoglobulin G4-related lymphadenopathy: a case report". International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, n. 1 (2 agosto 2017): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462417722479.

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Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated condition characterized by infiltration of the involved organs by IgG4-bearing plasma cells. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases, associated with or occurring in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, has been increasing. We describe a 58-year-old man with an undiagnosed HIV infection, which presented as chronic cervical lymphadenopathy with an elevated serum IgG4 and a very high IgE. Histologically, lymph nodes showed expanded sinusoids and burnt-out germinal centers with increased plasmacytic infiltration and collagen fiber deposition. The absolute number of IgG4+ plasma cells and the IgG4+/IgG+ plasma cell ratio was increased. The lymph nodes were enlarged and clinically the patient improved after steroid treatment. Nine months later, he was diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, following presentation with a cavitary left lung lesion. Immunohistochemical studies on the previously resected lymph node revealed complete absence of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and increased CD8+ T-lymphocytes. The pathologic findings met the criteria of both HIV infection and IgG4-related lymphadenopathy. Our case demonstrates that further investigations for underlying HIV infection in a case of IgG4-RD are critical, especially when extremely elevated IgE is concomitantly present.

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Mocumbi, Ana Olga. "Cardiac Disease and HIV in Africa: A Case for Physical Exercise". Open AIDS Journal 9, n. 1 (20 ottobre 2015): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601509010062.

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AIDS-related deaths and new HIV infections have declined globally, but continue to be a major problem in Africa. Prior to the advent of antiretroviral treatment (ART) HIV patients died of immunodeficiency and associated opportunistic infections; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has resulted in increased survival of these patients and has transformed this illness into a chronic condition. Cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological and muscular problems interfere with exercise in HIV-infected patients. Particularly cardiovascular disease may be associated with direct damage by the virus, by antiretroviral therapy and by malnutrition and chronic lung disease, resulting in physical and psychological impairment. Recent studies have shown the benefits of exercise training to improvement of physiologic and functional parameters, with the gains being specific to the type of exercise performed. Exercise should be recommended to all HIV patients as an effective prevention and treatment for metabolic and cardiovascular syndromes associated with HIV and HAART exposure in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Barnardt, Pieter. "Managing AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma and pregnancy". Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 14, n. 2 (4 giugno 2013): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v14i2.83.

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An estimated 30 - 40% of HIV-infected patients are likely to develop cancer during the progression of their disease. The occurrence of malignancy among these patients represents a difficult challenge in their care. Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) – currently the most common tumour observed with an estimated incidence of 15 - 20% – represents the first manifestation of AIDS in 30 - 40% of patients. Any organ may be involved, but the gastrointestinal tract and lung remain the most frequently involved locations. The case described here presented a clinical and ethical dilemma where visceral KS, pregnancy and medical complications required multi-disciplinary management.

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Burke, M., A. Furman, M. Hoffman, S. Marmor, A. Blum e I. Yust. "Lung cancer in patients with HIV infection: is it AIDS-related?" HIV Medicine 5, n. 2 (marzo 2004): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2004.00196.x.

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Franzetti, Marco, Elena Ricci e Paolo Bonfanti. "The Pattern of Non-AIDS-defining Cancers in the HIV Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prognosis. A Review". Current HIV Research 17, n. 1 (11 luglio 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x17666190327153038.

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: The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced the incidence of AIDS events, including AIDS-defining malignancies. Nevertheless, several cohort studies conducted in the post-HAART period have reported an increasing risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADC). : Overall, the potential mechanisms leading to an increased risk of developing NADCs probably involve multiple known and unknown factors. In addition to ageing, chronic inflammation and ongoing immune system dysregulation, other contributing factors are co-infection with potentially oncogenic viruses (HBV, HCV, HPV, EBV) and high-risk behaviours such as tobacco smoking. : As a consequence of these risk factors, high standardized incidence ratios have been consistently reported, mainly in cohort studies regarding smoking-related cancers (lung cancer, but also pharyngeal and kidney cancer), due to the far more common cigarette smoking habit in the HIV-population. Also in the setting of infection-related malignancies, the high frequency of liver cancer, as a consequence of HBV and HCV co-infection is well known. Similarly, HPV infection accounts for the higher risk of anal cancer. On the same line, Hodgkin lymphoma is more frequent in the HIV population, due to the dysregulation and proliferation of EBV-infected lymphocytes. : Several studies addressed the direct relationship between immunosuppression and cancer progression, showing that subjects with HIV infection experience higher cancer-specific mortality, as compared to the general population, independently of cancer stage or cancer treatment. : In the HIV population, for many NADCs, the prognosis is still worse as compared to the general population. However, an improvement has been reported over the last decades, mainly thanks to more available and adequate treatment chances.

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O’Neil, Kevin M. "The Changing Landscape of HIV-Related Lung Disease in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy". Chest 122, n. 3 (settembre 2002): 768–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.122.3.768.

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Bower, Mark, Tom Powles, Mark Nelson, Pallav Shah, Sarah Cox, Sundhiya Mandelia e Brian Gazzard. "HIV-related lung cancer in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy". AIDS 17, n. 3 (febbraio 2003): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200302140-00011.

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Ramaswamy, Chitra, Emily Westheimer e Sarah Braunstein. "Cancer Mortality among Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in New York City, 2001–2015". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx162.135.

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Abstract Background With the prolonged life-span of persons with HIV (PWH) due to anti-retroviral therapy, their cancer burden has increased. Cancer continues to be a leading cause of death among PWH. Studying cancer mortality can inform and guide the development of cancer screening and prevention strategies for PWH. Methods We analyzed data for all persons > = 13 years who were diagnosed with HIV from 2001 to 2015 and reported to the New York City (NYC) HIV surveillance registry (HSR). Using the HSR and the underlying cause of death obtained from the NYC vital statistics registry and the National Death Index, we examined age-specific and age-standardized mortality rates from cancer and compared time trends of deaths due to HIV-related8 cancer to deaths from non-HIV-related cancers. Results There were 34,190 deaths reported among 154,688 PWH of whom nearly half (n = 16,804; 49.1%) died due to HIV (excluding HIV-related cancers). Among all deaths, HIV was the leading cause, followed by cancer (both HIV and non-HIV-related) (n = 5,271; 15.4%) and cardiovascular disease (n = 3,724, 10.9%). The top three causes of non-HIV-related cancer deaths were lung cancer (n = 1,040; 19.7%), liver cancer (n = 552; 10.5%), and colorectal cancer (n = 315; 5.6%). Although the mortality rate among PWH decreased over time (24.4 to 13.9 per 1,000 person-years from 2001 to 2015), the proportion of deaths attributable to all cancers increased (10.6% in 2001 to 19.9% in 2015, p < .0001). This increase was driven by non-HIV-related cancers (6.1% of all deaths in 2001 to 15.8% in 2015, p < .0001). The mean age increased from 2001 to 2015 among the dead (46 to 56 years) and among the censored (35 to 49 years). After controlling for demographic factors, transmission risk, and last CD4 count, the hazard ratio for cancer deaths was higher among people who inject drugs (HR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.4–1.7) and those with last CD4 count < 200 (HR = 9.3; 95% CI = 8.3–10.5). Conclusion Although mortality rates are decreasing in PWH, deaths due to non-HIV-related cancers are increasing. The upward trend in the mean age suggests that aging may be contributing to this increase. Routine screening for liver and colon cancers along with smoking cessation may reduce lung, liver and colon cancer deaths. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Storey, Raul E., Mounika Mandadi, Alireza Abdolmohammadi, Nagendra Natarajan, Goetz H. Kloecker e Slone P. Stephen. "EBV-Negative Primary Pulmonary Lymphoma in a Patient with AIDS". Blood 118, n. 21 (18 novembre 2011): 5203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.5203.5203.

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Abstract Abstract 5203 AIDS-related primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) is defined as exclusive involvement of the lung by lymphoma with no evidence of extrapulmonary disease at the time of diagnosis and three months thereafter. It is an aggressive disease with a median survival time of four months. A 46 year old male patient with a seven year history of HIV/AIDS and CD4 count of 200/ul was hospitalized because of flank pain, hematuria and hemoptysis. Abdominal CT scan incidentally revealed multiple nodules in the lower lobes of both lungs. Serial chest CT scans demonstrated multiple nodular opacities in all lobes of the lungs that enlarged rapidly and coalesced together. Clinicians favored opportunistic infection due to rapid disease progression but included Wegener's granulomatosis in the differential diagnosis because of hemoptysis. Open lung biopsy showed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), NOS, with an activated B cell phenotype (CD10−/BCL6−/MUM1+) and high proliferative index (Ki67 90%). CD79A expression confirmed B cell lineage. The diagnostic criteria for PPL were fulfilled because staging failed to detect extrapulmonary disease. Infarction due to the angiodestructive nature of the PPL and short doubling time accounted for hemoptysis and rapid disease progression, respectively. The patient died 45 days after admission because of shock, presumably due to superimposed infection. Unlike prior reports of AIDS-related PPL, our case was negative for CD19, CD20 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Although PPL is a rare disease, it deserves consideration in the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive lung nodules in AIDS patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of EBV-negative PPL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Corti, Marcelo, María F. Villafañe, Norberto Trione, Ricardo Schtirbu e Marina Narbaitz. "Primary pulmonary AIDS-related lymphoma". Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 47, n. 4 (agosto 2005): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652005000400011.

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Extranodal involvement is common in lymphomas associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, primary pulmonary AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is very rare and only few reports were published in the medical literature. Clinical presentation is nonspecific, with "B" and respiratory symptoms. Also, patients were with advanced immunodeficiency at the time of diagnosis. Generally, chest radiography showed peripheral nodules or cavitary masses. Primary pulmonary lymphoma associated with AIDS is generally a high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of these tumors. We report a patient with AIDS and primary pulmonary lymphoma which clinical presentation was a total atelectasis of the left lung.

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Marcus, Julia L., Wendy A. Leyden, Chun R. Chao, Michael A. Horberg, Daniel B. Klein, Charles P. Quesenberry, William J. Towner e Michael J. Silverberg. "Immunodeficiency, AIDS-related pneumonia, and risk of lung cancer among HIV-infected individuals". AIDS 31, n. 7 (aprile 2017): 989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000001434.

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Tariq, Muhammad Junaid, e Shweta Gupta. "Lung cancer in HIV versus non-HIV population: Nationwide analysis of mortality, morbidity, demographics, and healthcare utilization." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, n. 15_suppl (20 maggio 2021): 9125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.9125.

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9125 Background: Lung cancer (LC) is the most common non-AIDS defining cancer with a high cancer-related mortality in patients with HIV. With improving survival in HIV patients, the incidence of LC is increasing. We attempted to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes, including healthcare utilization in patients with HIV-LC compared to non-HIV-LC using a national sample. Methods: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) was queried to identify HIV and non-HIV-LC admissions between 2016-2018. We studied socio-demographic differences, medical comorbidities (including hypertension (HTN), diabetes (DM), Coronary artery disease (CAD), Chronic kidney disease (CKD), Heart failure (HF), dialysis (HD), COPD), all-cause mortality, mean length of stay (LOS), mean total hospital charges (THC). Secondary outcomes included sepsis, septic shock, acute kidney injury (AKI), influenza, pneumonia, respiratory failure, lung collapse, ICU care, hemoptysis, anemia, pain, and protein energy malnutrition (PEM). Statistics were performed using the t-test, univariate and multinomial logistic regression. Results: A total 4,105 HIV-LC and 1,204,365 non-HIV-LC admissions were identified. HIV-LC were younger (mean age 48.7 vs 53.4 p<0.05), male (67% vs 51%, p<0.01), African American (52% vs 12% p<0.01), on Medicaid (35% vs 10% p<0.01), from lowest quartile income zip codes (51% vs 30% p<0.01). HIV-LC had significantly high rates of CKD and HD (p<0.05) while non-HIV-LC had significantly higher rates of HTN, DM, Dyslipidemia, CAD, COPD, obesity, HF and smoking (all p<0.05). Odds of adjusted all-cause mortality were significantly lower in HIV-LC (aOR 0.47 CI 0.36-0.63 p<0.001). HIV-LC had higher LOS (8.1 vs 6 days p<0.001) and higher THC ($83,328 vs $65,642 p<0.001), amounting to over $72 million over 3 years. Significantly different secondary outcomes between the two groups are shown in Table, the rest were similar between the groups. Conclusions: HIV-LC patients were younger, minority with a significantly lower all-cause mortality despite higher rates of complications and significantly higher LOS and THC compared to non-HIV-LC cohort. A higher comorbidity burden may be responsible for higher mortality in the non-HIV group while higher rates of secondary complications, CKD, HD may be driving up healthcare utilization in HIV-LC. More studies are needed to clarify these findings.[Table: see text]

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Hartelius, H., J. Gaub, L. Ingemann Jensen, J. Jensen e V. Faber. "Computed Tomography of the Lungs in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome". Acta Radiologica 29, n. 6 (novembre 1988): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518802900605.

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Computed tomography of the chest was performed on 42 occasions as part of the diagnostic work-up in 26 homosexual men with, or suspected of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In 17 cases both the chest radiographs and the lung scans were abnormal, and bronchoscopy and/or lung biopsy established an etiologic diagnosis in the majority of these cases. In 9 cases CT of the lungs revealed unequivocal interstitial infiltration in the presence of a normal chest radiograph, and subsequently an etiologic agent was demonstrated in all these cases. In 9 cases, patients with symptoms indicative of pulmonary infection had both a normal chest radiograph and a normal lung scan, and in none of these cases did the clinical course or additional diagnostic procedures indicate the presence of current opportunistic lung infection. CT of the lungs seems to identify accurately those patients with severe HIV-related diseases in whom invasive diagnostic procedures such as bronchoalveolar lavage and/or lung biospy should be done.

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Millar, A. B., R. F. Miller, N. Foley, T. Meager, S. J. G. Semple e G. A. W. Rook. "Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) is not Detectable in the Bronchopulmonary Secretions of Patients with HIV-Related Lung Disease". Clinical Science 77, s21 (1 dicembre 1989): 15P—16P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs077015pc.

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30

Terasaki, Yasuhiro, Soichiro Ikushima, Shoko Matsui, Akira Hebisawa, Yasunori Ichimura, Shinyu Izumi, Masuo Ujita et al. "Comparison of clinical and pathological features of lung lesions of systemic IgG4-related disease and idiopathic multicentric Castleman's disease". Histopathology 70, n. 7 (3 aprile 2017): 1114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/his.13186.

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31

Uldrick, Thomas S., Priscila Hermont Goncalves, Mohammad Maher Abdul Hay, Alisa J. Claeys, Brinda Emu, Marc S. Ernstoff, Lawrence Fong et al. "Phase I study of pembrolizumab in people with HIV and cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, n. 15_suppl (20 maggio 2019): 2500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.2500.

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2500 Background: People with HIV have been excluded from immuno-oncology (IO) studies. Anti- PD-1/PD-L1 therapies are approved for a growing number of cancers. We evaluated pembrolizumab (pembro) in people with HIV and cancer. Methods: CITN-12 is a multicenter phase 1 trial. Key eligibility: advanced cancer; ECOG ≤1; CD4 ≥100 cells/μL; ≥4 weeks antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV viral load (VL) < 200 copies/mL. Exclusion: uncontrolled HBV/HCV, autoimmune disease. Participants (pts) accrued into CD4 based cohorts (C): C1 100-199; C2 200-350; C3 > 350 CD4 cells/μL. Pembro 200 mg IV administered Q3W for up to 35 doses. Adverse events (AE) evaluated by CTCAE. Immune related AE ≥ grade (Gr) 2 were events of clinical interest (irECI). Clinical benefit (tumor shrinkage or stable disease [SD] ≥24 weeks) was estimated. Data were locked for safety analysis and publication once C2 and C3 completed accrual and all pts completed ≥2 cycles. Accrual continued for 6 C1 pts and a new phase 1b Kaposi sarcoma (KS) cohort (C4). Results: 30 pts, characteristics: C1 (6), C2 and 3 (12 each), median (med) age 57 years (range 39-77), 28 men, 2 women, 60% White, 30% Black, 10% Hispanic. Med CD4 285 cells/μL (132 - 966). Cancers: KS (6), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (5), non-AIDS defining (19) – most common: anal (6) and squamous cell skin (3). Prior radiation (19), med prior systemic therapies 2 (0-8). Safety observed over 183 cycles, med 5 (1-32). Treatment emergent AE ≥ possibly attributed to pembro mostly Gr 1-2, with 20% of pts having Gr 3. irECI: hypothyroidism (6), elevated AST/ALT (1), pneumonitis (3), rash (2), musculoskeletal (1).1 KS pt developed KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (KSHV-MCD) and died of the AE. HIV was controlled and increasing CD4 counts were observed. Best response: complete (lung, 1), partial (NHL, 2), SD ≥24 weeks (KS, 2), SD < 24 weeks (13), progressive disease (10), not evaluable (2). Conclusions: Pembro has acceptable safety in cancer pts with HIV on ART and > 100 CD4 cells/µL, similar to patients without HIV. Anti-PD-1 may unmask KSHV-MCD and such KSHV-viremic patients should be excluded. Clinical benefit was noted in several tumor types. Anti-PD1 is appropriate for FDA-approved indications in this population. Patients with HIV meeting appropriate eligibility criteria should be included in IO studies. Clinical trial information: NCT02595866.

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Spano, Jean-Philippe, Dominique Costagliola, Christine Katlama, Nicolas Mounier, Eric Oksenhendler e David Khayat. "AIDS-Related Malignancies: State of the Art and Therapeutic Challenges". Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, n. 29 (10 ottobre 2008): 4834–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.16.8252.

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Despite the impact of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on HIV-related mortality, malignancy remains an important cause of death in the current era. Although the advent of cART has resulted in reductions in the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, non–AIDS-defining malignancies present an increased risk for HIV-infected patients, characterized by some common clinical features, generally with a more aggressive behavior and a more advanced disease at diagnosis, which is responsible for poorer patient outcomes. Specific therapeutic recommendations are lacking for these new nonopportunistic malignancies, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, anal cancer, lung cancer, hepatocarcinoma, and many others. Antiretroviral agents have a propensity for causing drug interactions as a result of their ability to either inhibit or induce the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system. Because many antineoplastic drugs are also metabolized by the CYP system, coadministration with cART could result in either drug accumulation with increased toxicity, or decreased efficacy of one or both classes of drugs. Further research delineating the combined safety and pharmacokinetics of antiretrovirals and antineoplastic therapy is necessary. Special considerations of these AIDS-related and non–AIDS-related malignancies and their clinical and therapeutic aspects constitute the subject of this review.

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Bruyand, Mathias, Fabien Le Marec, Armelle Lavole, Karen Leffondre, Jean Philippe Spano, Vincent Le Moing, Pierre Tattevin et al. "Protease inhibitors exposure is not related to lung cancer risk in HIV smoker patients". AIDS 29, n. 9 (giugno 2015): 1105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000645.

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Wang, Suwei, Hu Huang, Elisabeth Scheufele, Yull Edwin Arriaga, Gretchen Purcell Jackson e Irene Dankwa-Mullan. "Factors associated with time to targeted therapy for patients with metastatic lung cancer with driver mutations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, n. 29_suppl (10 ottobre 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.29_suppl.120.

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120 Background: Targeted therapies are superior to chemotherapy in metastatic lung cancer with driver gene mutations. Delays in initiation of targeted therapies may result in faster symptom progression, decline in quality of life, and shortened survival. We examined factors associated with time to initiation of targeted therapy (TTT) in patients with metastatic lung cancer with selected driver mutations. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, IBM MarketScan claims data was used to identify patients who had an initial diagnosis of metastatic lung cancer, defined as continuous insurance enrollment 12 months pre- to 6 months post-diagnosis, with tumor biomarker (i.e., EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF V600E, NTRK)-directed targeted therapy performed within 6 months of the initial diagnosis, during the timeframe of 1/1/2013 to 12/31/2018. Trends in TTT were evaluated with Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney. Quantile regression, a robust model that analyzed factors on different outcome-related quantiles, was used to identify associations among TTT and covariates including age, sex, comorbidity, insurance type, and US region. Results: Among 8977 patients identified with an initial diagnosis of metastatic lung cancer, 710 (7.9%) received targeted therapies within the 6-month timeframe, and 1040 (12%) had tumor biomarker testing performed. The overall median TTT was 21 days (IQR = 36 days). Median TTT decreased from 25 days in 2013 to 18 days in 2018 (p = 0.03). Factors associated with longer TTT (median, 50% quantile) were increasing age (p = 0.04), cardiovascular disease (“CVD”, p = 0.03), HIV (p = 0.04), and mild liver disease (p = 0.05). For the lower quantile ( < = 1 day, 5% quantile), female sex (p = 0.01), HIV (p = 0.04), and mild liver disease (p = 0.002) were associated with longer TTT. Having a PPO health plan extended TTT (p = 0.05) at the upper quantile (79 days, 90% quantile). Conclusions: Our study showed an encouraging 5-year trend of the median TTT decreasing by 28%. Numerous factors associated with longer TTT included increasing age, CVD, HIV, mild liver disease, female sex, and PPO plan. This study provides insights into patient-related factors associated with longer time to initiation of targeted therapies for patients with metastatic lung cancer with driver mutations. Additional research is needed to identify the reasons for longer TTT and to develop strategies to expedite delivery of optimal therapies.

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Ikeda, Satoshi, Akimasa Sekine, Tomohisa Baba, Koji Okudela, Tae Iwasawa, Fumikazu Sakai, Kenji Notohara, Kenichi Ohashi, Tamiko Takemura e Takashi Ogura. "Abundant immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-positive plasma cells in interstitial pneumonia without extrathoracic lesions of IgG4-related disease: is this finding specific to IgG4-related lung disease?" Histopathology 70, n. 2 (29 settembre 2016): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/his.13053.

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36

Rylance, S., R. Masekela, N. P. K. Banda e K. Mortimer. "Determinants of lung health across the life course in sub-Saharan Africa". International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, n. 9 (1 settembre 2020): 892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0083.

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LUNG HEALTH ACROSS THE life course is influenced by factors affecting airway and alveolar development and growth during antenatal and perinatal periods, throughout childhood and adolescence, and into adulthood. Lung function trajectories are set in early life and childhood deficits may predispose to non-communicable respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in later years. Potential risk factors are common in many sub-Saharan African (sSA) countries; adverse antenatal environments cause in utero growth restriction and prematurity; HIV and respiratory infections, including TB are common; exposure to air pollution is widespread, including household air pollution from biomass fuel use, traffic-related pollution in rapidly expanding cities, and tobacco smoke exposure. Multiple disadvantages experienced in early life require an integrated approach that addresses reproductive, maternal and child health. Public health strategies need to tackle multiple risk factors, emphasising Universal Health Coverage, to maximise lung health in the world´s poorest, most vulnerable populations. This review explores potential determinants of lung health across the life course. Due to the extensive topic and wide range of related literature, we prioritised more recent citations, especially those from sSA, focusing on risk factors for which there is most information, and which are most prevalent in the region.

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Desalu, Olufemi Olumuyiwa, Joshua Afolayan Oluwafemi e Ololade Ojo. "Respiratory diseases morbidity and mortality among adults attending a tertiary hospital in Nigeria". Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 35, n. 8 (agosto 2009): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37132009000800005.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the morbidity and mortality related to respiratory diseases among adults attending a tertiary-care hospital in Nigeria. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study of 183 adult patients (> 15 years of age), diagnosed with respiratory diseases between November of 2006 and October of 2008 at the Federal Medical Centre in Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. RESULTS: Of the 183 patients enrolled in the study, 78 (42.6%) were male and 105 (57.4%) were female, the male: female ratio being 1:1.4. Respiratory diseases were predominant in the 25-44 year age bracket (37.2%) and lower socioeconomic class (81.4%). Pulmonary TB was the leading cause of morbidity (in 42.1%), followed by asthma (in 17.5%) and pneumonia (in 15.3%). Lung cancer was uncommon (in only 0.6%). Pulmonary TB was the leading cause of hospitalization for respiratory disease (in 32%). Pulmonary TB, asthma, pneumonia and pleural pathologies were more common in women, whereas COPD was more common in men. The most common comorbidity was HIV infection (in 11.5%). The overall mean length of hospital stay was 14 days. Overall mortality was 8.7%; 50% of the deaths were attributed to pulmonary TB, 25% were attributed to pleural disease, 12.5% were attributed to pneumonia, and 6.25% were attributed to acute exacerbation of COPD. Mortality was higher in women and in the 25-44 year age bracket. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary TB, asthma and pneumonia were the leading causes of respiratory disease-related morbidity. Pulmonary TB was the leading cause of respiratory disease-related mortality among the adult Nigerians evaluated. Therefore, these conditions should be given higher priority in patient care. In addition, antiretroviral therapy should be readily accessible and affordable to HIV-infected individuals.

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Tamayo, Rafael Ríos, Joaquín Martínez López, Manuel Jurado, María Esther Clavero Sánchez, Fátima López Jiménez, María Liz Paciello Coronel, José Ramón García Fernández et al. "Prognostic Impact Of Comorbidity In Multiple Myeloma". Blood 122, n. 21 (15 novembre 2013): 5340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5340.5340.

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Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease. Evaluation of prognostic factors and risk stratification at diagnosis is necessary to compare outcome. Attempts have been made to apply a comorbidity score in the clinical sitting, but a standardized general approach is still lacking. We hypothesized that a comprehensive examination of every associated disease in a large cohort of patients could better highlight the prognostic impact of comorbidity in MM. All consecutive patients diagnosed in our institution, from 1993 to 2013, with symptomatic MM according to IMWG criteria were included in our population-based MM registry. Patients with plasma cell leukemia or with palliative management were excluded. Clinical variables analyzed were: age, sex, Durie-Salmon, International Scoring System (ISS), percentage of plasma cell in bone marrow by morphology (PC), serum creatinine (Cr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate according with Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (eGFR-MDRD). The following comorbodities were analysed: hypertension (HTA), diabetes (DM), obesity (OB) (body mass index > 30 Kg/m2), hyperlipaemia (HL), prior malignancy (PM), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), peptic ulcer (PU), thromboembolism (TE), renal transplant (RT), splenectomy (S), cutaneous disease (CD), amyloidosis (AM), heart disease (HD) (arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, other), lung disease (LD) (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, other), liver disease (HE) (cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, other), neurological disorder (ND), psychiatric disorder (PD) and rheumatologic disorder (RD). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate OS curves. Cox regression was used to determine the prognostic impact of each comorbidity in a univariate and multivariate model. 311 patients were eligible. Median age was 66 years (12-91), 148 men (47.6 %) and 163 women. Percentage of comorbidities was: HTA 45; OB 32.5; DM 20.4; HD 20.4; LD 15.2; PU 10; HL 9.7; ND 8; PM 7.8; PD 6.5; HBV 3.9; HE 3.9; TE 3.6; RD 3,5; AM 2.3; HCV 1.9; CD 1.6; S 1; RT 0.6; HIV 0.3. 63 patients (20.4 %) showed no comorbidities. Univariate analysis (table 1) demonstrated that AM (P=0.022), HCV (0.038), HIV (0.022), PD (0.015) and ND (0.05) were significantly associated with shorter OS. The variables associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis were age (p=0.002), ISS (III vs I: p=0.01), PC (p=0.05) and Cr (p=0.02). Results will be validated in another MM series and presented during the meeting. The overall prognosis of MM depends on a variety of host and disease-related characteristics. We confirm age, ISS, PC and Cr as robust and independent prognostic factors. Adjusting for these factors, no isolated comorbidity reach statistical significance; however, comorbidity seems to have a role in MM prognosis. More studies are warranted to define the prognostic impact of comorbidities in MM. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Diaz-Abad, Montserrat, Kathryn S. Robinett, Anayansi Lasso-Pirot, Teklu B. Legesse e Mariam Khambaty. "Granulomatous Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia in an HIV-Positive Patient on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Diagnostic Challenge". Open Respiratory Medicine Journal 15, n. 1 (18 giugno 2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874306402115010019.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-related Opportunistic Infections (OI), including Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP), have become much less commonplace with anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Despite this, OIs are still common and it is important to remain vigilant for their presence and be aware of how ART and OI chemoprophylaxis may lead to atypical disease presentations. We present the case of a 51-year-old woman with HIV and CD4+ T helper lymphocytes cell count > 200 cells/ul on both ART and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis who presented with cavitating lung masses, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusions. Negative bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy (TBBx) prompted a second diagnostic procedure with a transthoracic core needle biopsy; the final diagnosis was granulomatous PCP. This case showcases a very rare presentation of PCP, with both large cavitating lung masses on imaging and granulomatous reaction on pathology, as well as the challenge of a potentially missed diagnosis with negative BAL and TBBx requiring transthoracic core needle biopsy for a final diagnosis.

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Hakim, Rosalia Nur. "Pengaruh Jumlah Kasus HIV/AIDS dan Cakupan Rumah Sehat terhadap Jumlah Kasus Tuberkulosis di Provinsi Jawa Timur". Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan 7, n. 2 (11 febbraio 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbk.v7i2.2018.141-148.

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Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacterial infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can be transmitted from the patient to the surrounding environment including humans, which attacks the lung organ and other organs in the body. Based on the epidemiological triangle, infectious diseases are caused by 3 factors such as agent factor, host and environment. One of the host factors of Tuberculosis is HIV/AIDS, where many Tuberculosis infections are common in people with HIV/AIDS. From environmental factors causing Tuberculosis disease is a condition of less healthy house. Tuberculosis incidence in East Java Province in 2015 amounted to 44,063 which increased from 2014 that is as much as 42,475. This research was conducted to analyze the influence between HIV/AIDS and healthy house case against Tuberculosis incident in East Java Province. This research is a kind of analytical research using non-reactive method. The research sample used is total population consist of 29 regencies and 9 cities in East Java Province. Technical analysis of the research using multiple linear regression test. The results showed that there was a significant influence between HIV/AIDS cases on Tuberculosis occurrence in East Java (p-value = 0,000), and there was no significant influence between healthy house on Tuberculosis incidence in East Java Province. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between HIV/AIDS cases and Tuberculosis cases in East Java Province. The HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis cases in East Java need to be improved by the Provincial Government of East Java such as providing information related to HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis and screening HIV/AIDS.

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Berrad, S., K. Oualla, V. W. Lokonga, L. Nouiakh, H. Erraichi, L. Amaadour, Z. Benbrahim, S. Arifi e N. Mellas. "Rapid and Elevated Tumor Responses to Wekley Paclitaxel for AIDS-Related Kaposi Sarcoma". International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, n. 12 (12 dicembre 2020): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i12/1004.

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Kaposi sarcoma is a rare condition, it is an incurable disease with a poor prognosis, the treatment of this pathology is variable including surgery, Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and antiviral treatments. A number of drugs approved for the treatment of KS associated with AIDS, in particular the pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (DLP) which is currently the standard, Paclitaxel, have also shown efficacy against advanced SK. We report a case of a patient with kaposi's sarcoma associated with HIV metastatic in the lung, liver and lymph nodes and who presented an almost complete response after 4 months of chemotherapy with weekly Paclitaxel at a dose of 100 mg in our department of medical oncology at CHU Hassan II in Fez. Of interest is the complete response to paclitaxel treatment in a patient followed for metastatic kaposi sarcoma.

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Ghani, Nik Mohd Syukra Nik Abdul, Hazama Binti Mohamad, Nik Khairani Nik Mohd e Amran Mohamad. "Primary Laryngeal Tuberculosis Masquerading Laryngeal Malignancy". Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 22, n. 1 (22 gennaio 2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v22i1.45085.

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Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) infection shows re-emergence again in many other part of the world due to HIV/AIDS- related disease, low socioeconomic as well as insurgence of multidrug resistance tuberculosis. TB is a disease which is primarily affects a lung. However it also can affect other organs as a secondary disease in a body via hematogenous or lymphatic spread. As in ENT field, TB also can manifest as a solely ear, nose or throat (ENT) diseasea such as in primary laryngeal tuberculosis (TB). In the past, laryngeal TB typically presented as a secondary disease with ulcerated laryngeal lesions in advanced pulmonary tuberculosis patient. In our case, we report a case of primary laryngeal tuberculosis masquerading as laryngeal malignancy in adult patient without pulmonary tuberculosis. In conclusion, in a patient who presented with various laryngeal symptoms, physician should be aware of the reemergence of laryngeal tuberculosis and the various manisfestation of the disease. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2016; 22(1): 53-57

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Frega, Stefano, Alessandra Ferro, Laura Bonanno, Valentina Guarneri, PierFranco Conte e Giulia Pasello. "Lung Cancer (LC) in HIV Positive Patients: Pathogenic Features and Implications for Treatment". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n. 5 (26 febbraio 2020): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051601.

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be a social and public health problem. Thanks to more and more effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), nowadays HIV-positive patients live longer, thus increasing their probability to acquire other diseases, malignancies primarily. Senescence along with immune-system impairment, HIV-related habits and other oncogenic virus co-infections increase the cancer risk of people living with HIV (PLWH); in the next future non-AIDS-defining cancers will prevail, lung cancer (LC) in particular. Tumor in PLWH might own peculiar predictive and/or prognostic features, and antineoplastic agents’ activity might be subverted by drug-drug interactions (DDIs) due to concurrent ART. Moreover, PLWH immune properties and comorbidities might influence both the response and tolerability of oncologic treatments. The therapeutic algorithm of LC, rapidly and continuously changed in the last years, should be fitted in the context of a special patient population like PLWH. This is quite challenging, also because HIV-positive patients have been often excluded from participation to clinical trials, so that levels of evidence about systemic treatments are lower than evidence in HIV-uninfected individuals. With this review, we depicted the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical-pathological characteristics and implications for LC care in PLWH, offering a valid focus about this topic to clinicians.

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Millar, A. B., R. F. Miller, N. M. Foley, G. A. W. Rook e S. J. G. Semple. "Tumour Necrosis Factor (Tnf Alpha) Production by Peripheral Blood Monocytes and Alveolar Macrophages from Patients with Hiv-Related Lung Disease". Clinical Science 78, s22 (1 gennaio 1990): 17P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs078017p.

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Demopoulos, Byron P., Eleftherios Vamvakas, Jacqueline E. Ehrlich e Rita Demopoulos. "Non–Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Defining Malignancies in Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, n. 5 (1 maggio 2003): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-0589-nismip.

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Abstract Context.—Non–acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining malignancies that occur in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the demographics and pathologic features associated with these malignancies have not been completely defined. Objective.—This study describes the age of onset of malignant disease in patients seropositive for HIV and in control patients presumed to be negative for HIV, but with the same primary site. We compare the demographics and histopathology for both groups. Design.—From 1993 to 1997, 57 cases involving HIV-positive patients with malignancies from 16 primary sites were recorded in the Cancer Registry files at Bellevue Hospital; 519 cases involving patients negative for HIV were recorded during this same period. We compared the age at diagnosis, sex, race, tumor histology, stage, and grade between these 2 groups. Results.—The average age of HIV-positive patients was 47.6 years, compared with 60.3 years in the control group (P < .001). When the 16 cancer sites were compared individually, HIV-positive patients were significantly younger at onset of lung (HIV-positive patients/control group) (19/245), skin (11/77), penile (3/5), laryngeal (3/18), tongue (5/16), and colorectal (2/38) carcinomas. Patients infected with HIV had a more frequent history of smoking (41/328; P = .04) and illicit drug use (30/49; P < .001). The HIV-positive patients also were found to have a lower clinical stage of disease, compared with controls, largely due to the higher prevalence of stage 0 tumors (13/46; P = .01). Conclusions.—The finding of younger age at diagnosis in HIV-positive compared to presumed HIV-negative patients may be related in part to earlier detection, as well as preexisting immunosuppression. The specific sites for which a significant difference in age between the HIV-positive and control cases was observed may be related to the mechanisms of immunosurveillance in parts of the body that have ready access to the outside environment. Knowledge of younger age of onset for these malignancies should prompt closer physical examination of these sites by clinicians.

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de Oliveira Abrão, Carolina, e João Alves de Araújo Filho. "Mycobacterium sherrisiiLung Infection in a Brazilian Patient with Silicosis and a History of Pulmonary Tuberculosis". Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/498608.

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Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) diseases became relevant with the emergence and spread of HIV and are also related to lung infection in non-HIV individuals with structural lung diseases.Mycobacterium sherrisiiis a NTM first characterized in 2004. Only a few cases have been reported. The aim of this case report is to describe the first detailed case of infection withM. sherrisiiin a patient with silicosis and history of pulmonary tuberculosis. A 50-year-old HIV-negative white male, previous smoker, with silicosis and a history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis developed a worsening of cough and expectoration pattern, and two sputum samples were positive for acid-fast bacilli. Presumptive treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis was initiated with rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, but, at month 5 of treatment, despite correct medication intake and slight improvement of symptoms, sputum bacilloscopy remained positive. Sputum cultures were positiveMycobacterium sherrisii. Treatment regimen was altered to streptomycin (for 2 months), ethambutol, clarithromycin, rifabutin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.M. sherrisiishould be considered a possible etiological agent of lung infections in patients with pneumoconiosis and history of tuberculosis.

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Naiman, Eleanor. "Positive Women: Emotion, Memory, and the Power of Narrative in Women Organized to Respond to Life-Threatening Diseases, 1991-2020". Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal, n. 2 (2020): 46–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24968/2693-244x.2.3.

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Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is the article's first paragraph. "By 1992, the AIDS epidemic in the United States had reached seemingly catastrophic proportions. Over ten years after the first published report of AIDS-related lung infection, the number of AIDS cases in the United States far exceeded 100,000. It would be four years until the FDA approval of the first protease inhibitor. Over ten thousand women had been diagnosed with the disease, and experts expected over ninety thousand more were already infected. The disease, lacking effective treatment, increasingly struck women and people of color in the early 1990s; cases rose 151 percent among women and by 105 percent among men in 1993. Without a cure in sight, women with HIV did not have much tangible reason for optimism. Nonetheless, in January 1992 Debra McCarthy cast her HIV diagnosis as the turning point in her journey towards personal fulfillment. “Even though I may be HIV positive,” she wrote, “I am more healed in my life than I ever have been.”"

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Naiman, Eleanor. "Positive Women: Emotion, Memory, and the Power of Narrative in Women Organized to Respond to Life-Threatening Diseases, 1991-2020". Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal 1, n. 2 (2020): 46–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24968/2693-244x.1.2.3.

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Abstract (sommario):

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is the article's first paragraph. "By 1992, the AIDS epidemic in the United States had reached seemingly catastrophic proportions. Over ten years after the first published report of AIDS-related lung infection, the number of AIDS cases in the United States far exceeded 100,000. It would be four years until the FDA approval of the first protease inhibitor. Over ten thousand women had been diagnosed with the disease, and experts expected over ninety thousand more were already infected. The disease, lacking effective treatment, increasingly struck women and people of color in the early 1990s; cases rose 151 percent among women and by 105 percent among men in 1993. Without a cure in sight, women with HIV did not have much tangible reason for optimism. Nonetheless, in January 1992 Debra McCarthy cast her HIV diagnosis as the turning point in her journey towards personal fulfillment. “Even though I may be HIV positive,” she wrote, “I am more healed in my life than I ever have been.”"

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Ghani, Nik Mohd Syukra Nik Abdul, Hazama Binti Mohamad, Nik Khairani Nik Mohd e Amran Mohamad. "Primary Laryngeal Tuberculosis Masquerading Laryngeal Malignancy". Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 21, n. 2 (7 maggio 2016): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v21i2.27653.

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Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) infection shows re-emergence again in many other part of the world due to HIV/AIDS- related disease, low socioeconomic as well as insurgence of multidrug resistance tuberculosis. TB is a disease which is primarily affects a lung. However it also can affect other organs as a secondary disease in a body via hematogenous or lymphatic spread. As in ENT field, TB also can manifest as a solely ear, nose or throat (ENT) diseasea such as in primary laryngeal tuberculosis (TB). In the past, laryngeal TB typically presented as a secondary disease with ulcerated laryngeal lesions in advanced pulmonary tuberculosis patient. In our case, we report a case of primary laryngeal tuberculosis masquerading as laryngeal malignancy in adult patient without pulmonary tuberculosis. In conclusion, in a patient who presented with various laryngeal symptoms, physician should be aware of the reemergence of laryngeal tuberculosis and the various manisfestation of the disease.Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2015; 21(2): 122-128

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Virata, Michael D., Sheela Shenoi, Joseph B. Ladines-Lim, Merceditas Villanueva e Lydia Aoun-Barakat. "111. Outcomes Related to COVID-19 Among People Living with HIV: Cohort from a Large Academic Center". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1 ottobre 2020): S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.421.

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Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in nearly 8 million cases and close to 500,000 deaths globally. Little is known about risk factors for favorable or adverse outcomes from COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PWH). Small case series have described outcomes for hospitalized PWH with COVID19. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of PWH with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 from 2 HIV ambulatory clinics from March 1 to May 31, 2020 in a large urban academic center that serves a substantial proportion of underserved minorities. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were abstracted using a standardized data collection tool. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify correlates of hospitalization. Results Among the clinic cohort of 1469 PWH, 94 (6.4%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 40 (42.5%) were positive. Fifty-percent were women, 65% were 50 years and older, 65% were black, 65% were former or active smokers, and 40% were active alcohol or substance users. The majority (90%) were on ART and 87.5% had HIV viral suppression (< 50 copies/ml). Among comorbidities, 50% had hypertension, 42.5% chronic lung disease, 42.5% cardiovascular disease (CVD), 40% obesity, 27.5% diabetes (DM), and 20% chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hospitalization occurred in 19 patients (47.5%) and of those, 4 (21%) required escalation of care. The median length of stay was 12 days (IQR5.5–15.5) and there was no inpatient mortality. Among the 12 PWH who had HIV viral load test during hospitalization, 11 (91.7%) maintained viral suppression and none of the 19 patients had ART interruption. Those who were hospitalized were more likely to be >50 years old (p=0.02); have CVD (p=0.003), DM (p=0.01), and CKD (p=0.02); or have multiple comorbidities (p=0.007) compared to those managed as outpatients. Furthermore, incremental numbers of comorbidities were associated with hospitalization (p=0.009). A history of AIDS, black race, obesity, smoking, and substance use disorders were not associated with hospitalization or adverse outcome. Conclusion In this initial and to our knowledge largest cohort in an urban academic center, PWH with COVID-19 had favorable short-term outcomes. The risk factors associated with hospitalization were older age and multiple non-HIV related comorbidities. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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