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Tesi sul tema "Housing sociale"
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1
Bellu, Elena. "Social Housing: Strumenti progettuali per la Sostenibilità Sociale". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242911.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’obiettivo del lavoro di ricerca è quello di defi nire alcune Linee Guida per
la Sostenibilità Sociale del progetto di Social Housing, quale utile strumento
operativo alla defi nizione del metaprogetto, nella prospettiva di ridurre il
rischio di disagio abitativo della “fascia grigia” e rispondere alle esigenze
abitative emerse negli ultimi anni a seguito dei numerosi cambiamenti socio-
demografi ci.
L’accesso ad un alloggio di buona qualità a prezzi accessibili è un bisogno
fondamentale e un fattore chiave per lo sviluppo di un paese. Inoltre, secondo
quanto diffuso dal Parlamento Europeo, e gli obiettivi della nuova Agenda
Europea 2020, la domanda abitativa è fortemente affi ancata ad una domanda
di inclusione sociale.
Quindi nel valutare come il progetto di housing sia in grado di sanare le condizioni
di disagio emerse, l’attenzione viene posta su quegli aspetti del progetto
architettonico in grado di riappropriarsi di valori ed abitudini antiche guardando
all’innovazione e alle prospettive future, che possano ritenersi fondanti per
la costruzione della dimensione sociale.
Vengono pertanto approfonditi tali strumenti (Progettazione Partecipata, Autocostruzione
/ Autorecupero / Automanutenzione, Cohousing, Mix funzionale
e sociale) basandosi sull’osservazione critica della loro applicazione attraverso
20 casi studio e rifl ettendo sui principi che la comunità scientifi ca, con i
diversi apporti disciplinari, ha già condiviso, in merito a essi.
Ma la prevenzione dalla condizione di esclusione abitativa richiede il sanamento
di una serie di condizioni di disagio abitativo (Economico, Fisico,
Territoriale, Sociale, Legale). Il contributo affronta quindi per ogni categoria
sociale all’interno della Fascia Grigia, i punti di forza ed i punti di debolezza
sui quali intervenire attraverso il progetto di housing al fi ne di migliorare o
eliminare tali condizioni di disagio.
La tesi proposta, lungi dal voler essere esaustiva, parte dal presupposto che
non esiste un modello, unitario e globale, di società, pertanto si proporre piuttosto
come un metodo di indagine e sintesi del contesto ampliabile anche in un
secondo momento e ad opera di altri settori.
La lettura di quanto emerso sul disagio abitativo delle categorie della Fascia
Grigia, con le opportunità e le minacce che l’applicazione degli strumenti progettuali
comporta, consente di defi nire le Linee Guida per la Sostenibilità del
Social Housing relativamente all’ambito Sociale.This research is aimed at defi ning some guidelines for the Social Sustainability of the “Social Housing Project” as a useful operative instrument for supporting the defi nition of the meta-project, in view to reduce the risk of housing diffi culties of the “grey area” and to satisfy the housing needs produced in recent years by several socio-demographic changes. Access to a quality and affordable price accommodation is a fundamental need and a key factor for the development of a State. In addition, as indicated by the European Parliament and according to the objectives of the new European Agenda 2020, the dwelling demand is strongly tied to social inclusion. In assessing how the housing project is able to mend the emerged disadvantage conditions, the research is focused on the features of the architectural design able to regain the ancient values and customs, looking for innovation and future prospects which may be considered central for the construction of the social dimension. Therefore, the deeping of these tools (Participatory Design, Self-building / Self-restoration / self-maintenance, Cohousing, functional and social mix) is developed through the critical observation of their application (within 20 case studies) and by refl ecting on the principles that the international scientifi c community, with its various disciplinary contributions, has already shared about them. To prevent the condition of housing exclusion is necessary to solve a set of housing diffi culties such as Economic, Physical, Urban, Social and Legal troubles. Therefore, for each social category within the “grey area”, the present study examines the strengths and weaknesses to be faced through the housing design in order to improve or eliminate such housing problems. This thesis assumes that there isn’t a global, unifi ed model, therefore it is proposed rather as a method of investigation and synthesis of the context. Furthermore, it is opened to interdisciplinary considerations extended to further fi elds. What emerged about the housing hardship conditions of the “gray area”, combined with the opportunities and threats engender by the use of the described designing tools, allow to defi ne the Guidelines for the Social Housing Sustainability related to Social Pillar.
2
Lawson, Julie Margaret. "Critical realism and housing research an explanation for diverging housing solutions /". [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : AME, Amsterdam Study Centre for the Metropolitan Environment, University of Amsterdam] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/67848.
Testo completo
3
Zago, Marta <1994>. "Abitare i servizi. Co-housing proposta per un'innovazione sociale del welfare locale". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16041.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il social housing è stato abbondantemente studiato come un'importante novità e innovazione all’interno delle politiche urbane e abitative, particolarmente promossa in Europa, che registrando anche in Italia un crescente interesse rispetto alle nuove forme dell’abitare condiviso. Spesso di identifica il social housing come strumento capace di interagire con le trasformazioni della società caratterizzata da difficili e discontinue carriere lavorative, l’intensificarsi e il consolidarsi dei fenomeni migratori, l’invecchiamento della popolazione, in particolare in Italia, a causa di questi fattori si registra con nuova prepotenza una questione importante d’emergenza abitativa, che nel ventaglio delle sue manifestazioni, tocca una sempre più ampia parte di popolazione.
Da queste premesse, l’elaborato si interroga sulle possibilità del co-housing un nuovo asset strategico di intervento per le politiche sociali nelle piccole comunità: Può esso diventare uno strumento di policy trasversale capace di intercettare diversi bisogni sociali? Un mezzo per ricostruire e rigenerare la struttura della collettività, riportando al centro del welfare il benessere dei legami di vicinato?
La particolarità è l’attenzione rivolta allo scenario europeo in particolare ai vari esempi d’uso del co-housing adoperato in altre società, esplorando comparativamente alcune buone prassi.
Partendo da un approccio teorico tratto dalle esperienze europee si giunge ad analizzare il territorio italiano ponendo al centro l’opinione degli Assistenti Sociali, i primi ad intercettare i bisogni, Cercando di progettare un’azione innovativa di investimento sociale.
4
Serrani, Alessio, e Marco Milandri. "Riqualificare la residenza sociale, rione Pilastro, Bologna". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5305/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il complesso residenziale “Pilastro” costruito tra il 1962 e il 1985 si trova a Bologna, a nord del quartiere San Donato, oltre la linea tracciata dalla tangenziale e si è costituito in tre fasi, corrispondenti ai tre comparti di intervento: il nucleo di prima realizzazione, il “Virgolone” e le torri.
Il tema affrontato in questa tesi, elaborato all’interno del laboratorio di sintesi finale Architettura sostenibile, riguarda la definizione di strategie di intervento per la riqualificazione del comparto di “Primo impianto” che
attualmente presenta molteplici criticità:
- debole coesione sociale ed episodi di disagio e micro-criminalità
- inadeguatezza sismica
- scarse prestazioni energetiche degli edifici
Il progetto si è proposto l’obbiettivo di ricucire e rifunzionalizzare l’intero comparto, investendo in modo integrato gli aspetti urbanistico, architettonico e tecnologico, in modo da influire positivamente sulle condizioni socio-economiche dell’insediamento.
5
Bisacchi, Valentina, e Samuele Bendoni. "Isolati aperti. Riqualificazione urbana e housing sociale nella Darsena di Città a Ravenna". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3611/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La presente tesi si pone in continuità con il Laboratorio di Sintesi Finale in Urbanistica “La città e le case. L’urbanistica e lo spazio dell’abitare”e si propone di applicare e sperimentare una nuova forma urbana quella dell’open block derivante dall’omonima teoria dell’architetto francese Christian de Portzamparc. L’intervento si inserisce all’interno della cosiddetta Darsena di Città di Ravenna, un’ex area industriale di 136 ettari collocata a ridosso del centro storico della città, ma priva di collegamenti diretti con questo da cui si discosta nettamente per caratteristiche e funzioni. Nel corso del laboratorio si sono condotte analisi in maniera approfondita rispetto alle caratteristiche dello stato di fatto e dei bisogni principali del territorio, non solo facendo riferimento agli stessi strumenti urbanistici, ma anche avvalendosi dell’incontro con professionisti, tecnici e docenti. La conoscenza dell’area così raggiunta ci ha permesso di redigere, a conclusione del laboratorio, una serie di linee guida generali da cui nasce il masterplan. Su questo si basa la riqualificazione urbana dell’intera area da cui deriva la peculiarità della nuova Darsena ovvero la coesistenza di due rive dalle caratteristiche opposte e allo stesso tempo complementari. A nord trova spazio la “riva naturale” contraddistinta dalla prevalenza di spazi verdi di diversa natura; questa riva si pone in stretta relazione con il verde agricolo collocato nelle immediate vicinanze della Darsena e fortemente segnato dalla centuriazione romana. La riva sud, la “riva urbana”, è invece caratterizzata dalla prevalenza del costruito che trova un diretto confronto con il tessuto urbano preesistente collocato sia all’interno dell’area sia lungo il limite sud della stessa. Grande importanza per la riqualificazione del Comparto Darsena è stata data al mantenimento degli edifici di archeologia industriale ai quali viene dato ruolo centrale attraverso le nuove funzioni che vengono loro affidate. Altro aspetto fondamentale per la riuscita della riqualificazione della Darsena e allo stesso tempo valoreaggiunto per l’intero territorio comunale, nonché argomento centrale della presente tesi, è il tema dell’housing sociale. A seguito di analisi, studi sulle politiche abitative attualmente vigenti a livello regionale e comunale e indagini sui bisogni radicati nel territorio, si è redatto un masterplan da cui nasce un progetto per un quartiere con housing sociale situato all’interno del comparto CMC. Il progetto nasce dalle riflessioni condotte sull’argomento, mette al centro l’idea della mixité e si fonda sulla forma urbana dell’isolato aperto.
6
Calderoni, Gabriele, e Stefano Melini. "Marginalità centrale. Intervento di riqualificazione di un complesso residenziale sociale a Bologna". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5355/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La tesi qui presentata è stata svolta all’interno del Laboratorio di Sintesi Finale “Architettura sostenibile" e propone la riqualificazione di un edificio ACER, sito a Bologna in via Gandusio, un’area strategicamente centrale a ridosso del centro storico e al contempo inserita all’interno delle dinamiche urbane della prima periferia. Si tratta di un complesso di edilizia residenziale sociale e, perciò, è stato necessario elaborare preliminarmente una sorta di quadro conoscitivo per individuare le problematiche e le tendenze comuni sia a casistiche italiane che europee.
Dopo un inquadramento generale sulla situazione dei modelli famigliari e dell’abitare; è stata effettuata una panoramica su alcuni interventi europei, dai quali si è cercato di attingere e elaborare soluzioni e metodologie di intervento innovative, prendendo in considerazione sia elementi di rigenerazione del tessuto urbano, sia soluzioni tecnologiche e costruttive applicate a casi specifici.
La situazione dell’edilizia residenziale sociale, attualmente, vede una forte scarsità di alloggi, tale da non riuscire a soddisfare tutte le richieste della popolazione. Negli ultimi trenta anni, la quota di produzione di alloggi di edilizia sociale è progressivamente calata, contrariamente agli altri paesi europei, caratterizzati da un andamento costante. Al contempo, si è registrato l’aumento di persone in condizioni di disagio abitativo e sociale. Il progetto risponde alle eterogenee esigenze dei rinnovati modelli famigliari contemporanei, prevedendo opere di completamento funzionale e una diversificazione dell’offerta tipologica degli alloggi, unita all’integrazione di nuovi servizi per gli abitanti e alla rivalorizzazione dell’identità dell’edificio in quanto manufatto polarizzante.
Il progetto adotta il metodo della riqualificazione sostenibile e delle tematiche ad essa inerenti, approfondite durante il percorso di lavoro svolto all’interno del Laboratorio di Sintesi Finale “Architettura Sostenibile”. Tutti gli interventi eseguiti sul manufatto sono stati incentrati sul tema della sostenibilità, per ridurre l’uso dei materiali e l’uso del territorio. Sono stati ridotti i deficit tecnologici e soprattutto energetici dell’involucro edilizio, combinando all’applicazione di soluzioni tecnologiche la riqualificazione dello spazio urbano e della funzionalità degli spazi dell’abitare.
Questo lavoro si propone di confrontarsi con la condizione attuale dell’housing sociale, cercando di rispondere alle esigenze abitative contemporanee, riqualificando e ripensando gli spazi e migliorandone il comportamento strutturale in caso di evento sismico. Per evitare di trattarlo come un episodio sporadico, un’anomalia, l’intervento ha cercato di collocarsi all’interno del contesto urbano e del tessuto insediativo, dialogando con essi per fornire risposte a problematiche concrete e reali. Per questo si è deciso di intervenire anche sulle aree adiacenti, provando a fornire soluzioni alle dinamiche incompiute e alle esigenze sociali del quartiere.
7
Alberti, Dario, e Francesco Colinucci. "Recuperare l'abitare sociale. Riqualificazione dell'edificio acer di via Wolfgang Goethe a Bologna". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9987/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nel volume vengono proposte delle strategie di riqualificazione dell’edificio in via W. Goethe con numero civico 2-10 a Corticella zona Navile. L’edificio fa parte del quartiere PEEP realizzato a partire dagli anni ‘70 circa. L’intera area ricopre una superficie pari a 220.000 m2 di cui edificata 38.000 m2. Della superficie edificata ben 30.400 m2 è stata destinata al residenziale.
A seguito delle evoluzioni economiche e sociali e alle restrizioni sempre più severe della normativa, il quartiere ha mostrato delle carenze e delle criticità:
– Scarse prestazioni energetiche degli edifici con elevati costi di esercizio;
– Inadeguata risposta alle azioni sismiche;
– Tagli di alloggi non in grado di soddisfare l’odierna domanda;
– Mancanza di efficaci spazi pubblici e di relazione;
– Inefficace connessione urbana ai maggiori poli attrattivi e di circolazione.
Come primo obbiettivo è stato affrontato il problema della mancanza di connessioni ciclopedonali adeguate al territorio di Corticella. Vi sono infatti alcune aree di nodale importanza che sono sprovviste di questi collegamenti rendendo difficoltoso il link tra i punti attrattivi fondamentali di Corticella e il nostro quartiere. Il progetto intende migliorare questo tipo di servizio in linea con il progetto “bike sharing & ride” promosso dalla Regione Emilia Romagna al fine di incentivare e promuovere la mobilità. Seguono poi gli interventi volti a risolvere le problematiche riscontrate
nell’edificio. Interventi atti a riportare l’edificio in una condizione tale da renderlo adeguato alle necessità attuali e in grado di svolgere la sua funzione per gli anni a venire. Si tratta di strategie tecniche e parallelamente di strategie energetiche, con l’obbiettivo di definire spazi confortevoli all’interno degli alloggi. A tale fine sono state realizzate anche valutazioni sull’illuminazione naturale degli ambienti interni per valutare l’efficacia o meno del sistema utilizzato.
8
Lazzari, Valentina, e Sgariglia Silvia. "Riabi(li)tare la residenza sociale riqualificazione del complesso Virgolone Bologna quartiere Pilastro". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3616/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il progetto che qui presentiamo, è stato elaborato all’interno del laboratorio di sintesi finale Architettura sostenibile, e sviluppa il tema della riqualificazione di un edificio di housing sociale.
Perché il social housing? La scarsità di alloggi di edilizia sociale nel patrimonio esistente e il crescente numero di persone che necessitano di una residenza a basso costo, ma che non sono povere al punto tale da poter accedere all’edilizia agevolata, porta ad incentrare la nostra ricerca su questo argomento. Osservando nel nostro paese la forte necessità di ampliare e migliorare questo patrimonio, oltre al rinnovato interesse per queste tematiche nel settore pubblico, diventa per noi un momento di riflessione e confronto nel campo della progettazione architettonica.
Quale l’obiettivo? Il fine di tale ricerca è quindi quello di assecondare le odierne esigenze abitative, ripensando il patrimonio esistente in termini di recupero e rifunzionalizzazione degli spazi, migliorando il livello di confort e conseguendo allo stesso tempo elevate prestazioni energetiche. L’obiettivo si allarga poi alla scala del quartiere proponendo strategie utili alla rivitalizzazione delle dinamiche sociali.
Qual è il metodo? La strategia utilizzata è quello della riqualificazione sostenibile. Questa scelta è motivata dall’intento di ridurre l’uso di risorse primarie, in termini di materiali, ed evitare l’ulteriore sfruttamento di aree non ancora urbanizzate. A questo va ad aggiungersi la necessità di realizzare un intervento economicamente sostenibile, data l’assenza di risorse da investire per tali fini.
9
Prudenzano, Piero <1985>. "Il Cohousing: tra housing sociale e cura per l’alienazione della vita moderna. Il caso di Porto 15". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18550.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La Commissione Europea ha definito la housing exclusion, cioè la condizione di povertà abitativa che può colpire persone vulnerabili, la manifestazione più seria della povertà e dell’esclusione nella nostra società, collegandola direttamente alla povertà economica. Infatti, oltre al costo vero e proprio per l’acquisto o la locazione di un immobile, a gravare sulle famiglie ci sono anche altri costi che sono legati all’abitare e sono definiti di “accesso” (tasse, utenze, spese condominiali, caparra, mutuo…). La forte diminuzione dei redditi delle famiglie e del loro potere d’acquisto, ha portato ad una crescita delle spese per la casa aumentando il problema dell’affordability, cioè della possibilità di ottenere un certo standard abitativo a un prezzo che non costituisca un peso irragionevole rispetto al reddito familiare. Oltre un terzo delle famiglie, tendenzialmente precarie e che fanno parte della cosiddetta “fascia grigia”, scivolano verso la povertà anche a causa della sproporzionata onerosità delle spese per la casa. È una condizione che non concerne gli individui che versano in condizioni croniche di difficoltà, bensì persone che si trovano perennemente esposte all’instabilità di diversa natura e a una debole integrazione sociale.
È in questo contesto che si potrebbe inserire l’housing sociale, inteso come reazione orientata a combattere il problema del disagio abitativo al fine di rispondere alla crescente necessità di alloggi adeguati ai nuovi bisogni.
Verrà preso in esame il cohousing come forma innovativa di social housing caratterizzato da un forte senso di comunità, opportunità di scambio sociale e inteso come pratica partecipativa per il rilancio del vicinato solidale e la rigenerazione urbana. Il cohousing è una modalità residenziale costituita da unità abitative private e spazi e servizi comuni, ed è caratterizzata da progettazione e gestione partecipate, condivise, consapevoli, solidali e sostenibili, lungo tutto il percorso. In particolare, verrà analizzato il progetto “Porto 15” di Bologna, il primo cohousing in Italia ad iniziativa interamente pubblica, che ha visto il recupero di 18 alloggi in uno stabile di proprietà dell’Azienda Servizi alla Persona di Bologna, con l’obiettivo di promuovere e sperimentare una nuova forma di abitare collaborativo rivolto ai giovani under 35.
10
Neri, Lucia, e Christian Santi. "Sociale, sostenibile, efficiente. Una soluzione per il comparto ater di via Bramante a Rovigo". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10005/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il progetto di tesi elaborato tratta uno dei temi più attuali nell’ambito architettonico, l’efficienza energetica degli edifici.
La tesi, sviluppata all’interno del Laboratorio di Laurea in Architettura Sostenibile, tratta un caso peculiare, in quanto riguarda il recupero di un’opera incompiuta, un comparto di 24 alloggi di Social Housing situato nella città di Rovigo.
Il proprietario dell’impianto, l’ente pubblico per l’edilizia sociale ATER, ha posto delle direttive qualitative e quantitative per portare a compimento l’opera.
Preso atto di queste disposizioni, e a seguito di accurate analisi di tipo tecnico, morfologico e demografico, sono state definite accurate strategie progettuali, riguardanti la definizione di alloggi idonei alla richiesta dell’ente e alla conformazione demografica della città, il recupero della preesistenza e lo sviluppo di una architettura energicamente efficiente.
11
Medici, Marta, e Valentina Bartoloni. "Architettura per l'abitare sociale: riqualificazione e retrofit energetico di due edifici ACER a Ravenna". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13474/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il progetto si focalizza sulla riqualificazione di due edifici di edilizia residenziale pubblica gestiti da ACER, siti nel Quartiere Trieste a Ravenna; la tesi intende operare su più fronti: il quartiere, gli spazi esterni agli edifici e i singoli edifici.
Nelle strategie di progetto del quartiere si stabilisce una gerarchia dei percorsi stradali e si destinano gli spazi di risulta ad usi collettivi, in modo tale da accrescere la partecipazione e la condivisione.
Lo spazio esterno di pertinenza dei due edifici fornisce ad essi alcuni spazi collettivi coperti e non, non sfruttati a pieno dagli inquilini. E’ delimitato da un confine fisico non ben definito, a diretto contatto con il parco, che procura una mancanza d’identità e di insicurezza. I blocchi dei garage adiacenti gli edifici costituiscono una barriera visiva non indifferente. La strategia generale si basa sulla rigenerazione dello spazio esterno: vengono collocati dei box sopra i garage, luoghi collettivi polifunzionali a beneficio dei residenti. Il limite fisico si trasforma in “limite percettivo”. Passando alla scala architettonica le principali criticità riscontrate sono quelle inerenti gli alloggi, l’illuminazione e la classe energetica. Gli alloggi sono sovradimensionati e il taglio attuale non riesce a fronteggiare del tutto la domanda abitativa; l’illuminazione non è a norma in alcune stanze e la prestazione energetica dei due edifici è scarsa. L’obiettivo di progetto è quello di ridurre il regime di fuel poverty degli occupanti e per farlo ci si basa sul criterio dell’incidenza dell’attività di cantiere sulle famiglie. Il metodo consiste nel mostrare due scenari estremi che includono interventi e scelte differenti, ma riferite ai medesimi parametri. Il progetto finale è il risultato del confronto di questi ultimi e corrisponde alla condizione reale, una situazione complessa in cui non si può effettuare un mix perfetto degli scenari approfonditi in precedenza.
12
Peluso, Margherita, e Ylli Lamaj. "Incremental housing Progetto di riqualificazione nell'area Walkeshwar a Mumbai". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19523/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La città di Mumbai è stata caratterizzata da una costante espansione territoriale e demografica. Questo sviluppo massivo ha portato ad un calo sempre maggiore dell’interesse per tematiche come l’abitare, la tutela del patrimonio architettonico, delle tradizioni e delle condizioni di vita minime. Ciò ha favorito un’edificazione intensiva incontrollata che non ha seguito né i caratteri della città di fondazione né della città coloniale ma delle logiche di natura funzionale, politica e, a volte, speculativa.
Il progetto di riqualificazione urbana dell’area Walkeshwar a Mumbai, Incremental Housing, prevede una serie di interventi mirati, che hanno come obiettivo principale il trovare una soluzione stabile e duratura ai problemi di questa grande città in continua espansione. L’analisi dell’area, lo studio della forma urbana e anche delle esigenze della popolazione ci ha portato a preferire determinate soluzioni che rappresentano per noi la miglior scelta in un contesto così complesso e degradato. Si rendeva necessaria una nuova progettazione del waterfront attraverso un innalzamento di quota ma anche l'introduzione di un sistema di “orti galleggianti” necessari per l’autosostentamento degli abitanti.
Nell’area residenziale, tenendo conto di aspetti quali la vivibilità, spazi minimi e autocostruzione, si prevede la progettazione di oltre 200 abitazioni oltre a aree destinate al terziario per aumentare le opportunità di lavoro, una scuola e un centro per le arti per garantire un luogo di formazione per tutte le età, edifici per l’accoglienza dei migliaia di pellegrini che ogni anno scelgono Mumbai come meta religiosa, un incremento delle aree verdi per sopperire alla totale mancanza di vegetazione nel quartiere.
Il progetto cerca allora di dare una risposta funzionale alle criticità presenti nell'area cercando di rispettare alcune parole-chiave che hanno guidato il progetto: flessibilità, modularità, spazi per la collettività, espansione, waterfront ed economia locale.
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Kane, Ibrahima-Maty. "La réceptivité habitante à l'épreuve des projets d'habitat social : enjeux et perspectives à travers le cas de Marseille : la rénovation urbaine à Saint-Barthélemy III Picon-Busserine". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30070/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La rénovation urbaine dans l'habitat social met en avant de grandes ambitions. Elle revisite par une approche globale les quartiers dits de géographie prioritaire ou de la politique de la ville. Quelles que soient les justifications des intentions et des actions, l'atteinte des objectifs de cette intervention dépend en grande partie des modalités de sa spatialisation et plus précisément de sa territorialisation en référence au corps social existant qu'il convient de valoriser.La phase de conduite de projet, demeure ancrée dans un formalisme. Celui-ci est la conséquence de l'ampleur des objectifs opérationnels, des difficultés de coordination d'actions multipartenariales et du suivi financier. Donc, elle laisse peu de place aux représentations habitantes.Dans notre étude, nous avons démontré la nécessité de mobilisation du concept de réceptivité habitante dans son application en aménagement et particulièrement dans les projets d'habitat social. Nous nous sommes attachés à envisager une méthodologie d'opérationnalisation d'une variable qualitative, la réceptivité habitante, dans la conduite de projet d'habitat social.Pour y arriver, nous nous sommes appuyés en particulier sur l'analyse de la réceptivité à travers le cas de la rénovation urbaine du quartier Saint-Barthélemy III Picon-Busserine. Grâce à l'analyse de contenu, nous avons pu démonter la nécessité de procéder à un tournant vers la réceptivité habitante, comme gage de bonne réception des projets d'urbanisme.Cette étude, dans sa finalité, est une contribution méthodologique dans le champ de la conduite de projet dans les quartiers d'habitat social. Elle insiste sur l'essence même d'un projet, sa bonne réception par les destinataires.Cette thèse interroge l'apport opérationnel des sciences sociales dans le management et la gouvernance des territoires.Mots-clésRéceptivité habitante, territoire, quartier, habitat social, habitants, représentations, politique de la ville, action publique territoriale, rénovation urbaine, management territorial, gouvernance territoriale, parties prenantesUrban renewal in social housing areas is in high hopes to revisit through a comprehensive approach to priority neighborhoods said geography and politics of the city. Whatever the justifications intentions and actions, the objectives of this intervention depends largely on the terms of its spatial and more precisely its regionalization in reference to existing social body that should be exploited.This phase of project, through the prism of a formalism induced by the extent of operational objectives, coordination of multi-stakeholder or financial tracking shares, leaving little room for inhabitants representations.In our study, we have demonstrated the need to mobilize the concept of receptivity resident in its application development and particularly in the social housing projects. We endeavored to consider a methodology for operationalizing a categorical variable, the resident receptivity in the conduct of social housing project.To get there, we relied in particular on the analysis of responsiveness through the case of urban renewal of St. Bartholomew III district Picon-Busserine. Through content analysis, we were able to remove the need for a turning resident receptivity as a token of good reception of urban projects.This study, in its finality, is a methodological contribution in the field of project in social housing areas. It emphasizes the essence of a project, its good reception by the recipients.This thesis questions the operational contribution of social sciences in the management and governance of the territories.KeywordsReceptivity resident, territory, neighborhood, social housing, people, representations, urban policy, public territorial action, urban renewal, territorial management, governance planning, stakeholders
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Rivola, Simone, e Alex Placci. "Nuovi spazi dell'abitare sociale. Riqualificazione degli edifici Acer in via Eraclea 27-39 a Ravenna". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13470/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
"Nuovi spazi dell'abitare sociale", progetto sviluppato
all’interno del Laboratorio di Laurea in Architettura Sostenibile, si occupa della riqualificazione architettonica ed energetica di due edifici di edilizia residenziale pubblica, a gestione ACER, situati a
Ravenna nel quartiere Trieste. Nello specifico, il caso studio, si trova in via Eraclea 27-39, in un’area caratterizzata dalla presenza di altri immobili adibiti ad abitazione, costruiti tra gli anni ’70 e ’80,
per un volume totale di circa 122.500 m3, di cui il 50% gestiti dal medesimo ente. Le principali criticità emerse durante la fase di analisi riguardano la
scarsa qualità degli spazi esterni, che presentano potenzialità al momento non sfruttate, motivo per cui, tali luoghi vanno incontro a fenomeni di incuria e degrado. L’ipotesi di intervento presentata nel
volume mira a rigenerare tali spazi, con connessioni efficaci ed aree idonee a favorire l’interazione sociale tra i residenti. Per quanto riguarda gli edifici, sono state riscontrate criticità riguardanti il taglio degli alloggi, le prestazioni energetiche e il comfort luminoso. Il progetto si pone l’obiettivo di fornire un maggior numero di appartamenti di taglio medio-piccolo per soddisfare l’odierna domanda del mercato immobiliare. Agendo inoltre sull’ involucro edilizio è stato possibile, attraverso l’introduzione di addizioni volumetriche in facciata, garantire una maggior qualità
spaziale degli ambienti interni e del loro illuminamento. L’intervento di riqualificazione energetica, reso possibile grazie all’utilizzo dell’apposito software Termolog EpiX 7, prevede di fornire agli edifici un involucro performante contro le dispersioni termiche,
integrando tale operazione con un nuovo sistema impiantistico alimentato da fonti rinnovabili che ha permesso di portare il caso studio in classe energetica A4.
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Di, Giannatale Vittoria Maria, Ilaria Franchini e Martina Mori. "Integrare l'housing sociale nel contesto urbano. Ipotesi di riqualificazione dell'area dell'autostazione a Imola (BO)". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Cerca il testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La tesi riguarda un’ipotesi di riqualificazione dell’area dell’autostazione di Imola attraverso un progetto di housing social.L’area già individuata dagli strumenti urbanistici come ambito di riqualificazione comprende gli spazi di proprietà dell’azienda TPER e due parcheggi. Trovandosi tra il centro storico e l’asse ferroviario la sua posizione è particolarmente favorevole consentendo facile accesso ai principali servizi e veloci collegamenti.I confini dell’ambito di riqualificazione sono stati allargati in fase di progetto all’intero comparto: la forte disomogeneità e il trattamento delle superfici del lotto richiedono un intervento più completo al fine di reintegrarlo con la città.La nuova configurazione ha lo scopo di ridefinire i margini dell’area, migliorare la relazione con il contesto e individuare un’area protetta più compatibile con la nuova funzione. Questo spazio è di natura semi-privata: gli spazi pertinenziali sono condivisi e integrati con aree pubbliche.L’integrazione e la condivisione sono incentivati garantendo una parte degli alloggi progettati al libero mercato e attraverso la progettazione di spazi collettivi e di servizio. Particolare attenzione è stata dedicata al tema ambientale-energetico: sono stati selezionati materiali naturali a basso impatto ambientale e impianti alimentati da fonti rinnovabili. Il progetto tiene in considerazione gli esisti delle analisi fluidodinamiche sullo stato attuale per fornire una corretta risposta progettuale in termini di comfort outdoor.Il sistema costruttivo scelto è l’XLAM, sia per le sue proprietà statiche e di resistenza al fuoco sia per la capacità di risponde alle nuove necessità ambientali.
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Foglietta, Valentina, e Martina Tazioli. "Privato, condiviso, collettivo. Rivitalizzazione e riqualificazione di un complesso di edilizia sociale a Bologna, quartiere bolognina". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9984/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il progetto presentato in questa tesi, svolto all’interno del Laboratorio di Laurea in Architettura Sostenibile, pone come obiettivo la riqualificazione di un edificio di edilizia sociale a Bologna, nel quartiere Bolognina, quell’area di espansione operaia a Nord della stazione ferroviaria, caratterizzata da una forte presenza di interventi di edilizia popolare.
L’edificio oggetto di intervento si trova, nello specifico, in via Di Vincenzo ed, insieme ad altri edifici, fa parte di un lotto particolare, che si distingue per forma dagli altri limitrofi, generalmente rettangolari. Infatti è l’unico del quartiere, per lo più caratterizzato da una rete stradale perpendicolare, ad essere invece tagliato diagonalmente. Inoltre, l’edificio caso-studio, insieme agli altri dell’isolato, costituisce un’alta cortina che delimita una grande corte di pertinenza, attualmente però priva di un confine netto e chiuso, in quanto alcuni edifici che ne delimitavano il perimetro, nel corso del tempo, sono stati demoliti. L’assenza quindi di questi volumi, attribuisce al lotto una particolare forma ad U, segno marcato di incompletezza, facilmente percepibile anche solo passeggiando per le vie circostanti.
Proprio a partire da queste due caratteristiche molto forti che contraddistinguono l’area, si è sviluppato l’intero progetto, che è passato dall’avere come oggetto la sola riqualificazione di un edificio in forte stato di degrado, all’assumere come obiettivo in un’ottica più generale l’intera rivitalizzazione dell’insula.
La proposta che si vuole presentare lavora sostanzialmente su tre diversi livelli, riprogettando e ridefinendo le tre diverse tipologie di spazio che coesistono all’interno del lotto:
- lo spazio privato
- lo spazio condiviso
- lo spazio collettivo
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Luu, Nhung. "Housing market : intergenerational transfers and the macroeconomy". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E018/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les répercussions de la hausse mondiale des prix du logement à partir des années 1980 sur l’économie ont attiré un intérêt croissant pour la recherche. Le logement représentant une part importante des dépenses des ménages ainsi que de la richesse totale, il est important de comprendre le rôle du logement dans l’inégalité des richesses. Cependant, en raison de la disponibilité des données, peu de choses ont été faites pour comprendre ce problème. La richesse des ménages s’accumulant à partir de deux sources principales : l’épargne et les transferts de capital, il est important de comprendre le lien qui existe entre ces sources et le marché du logement lorsque les prix de l’habitation changent. Ainsi, les deux premiers chapitres de cette thèse visent à mieux comprendre l’importance de la filière logement pour l’économie. Plus précisément, le premier chapitre attire l’attention sur la corrélation entre les prix du logement et la production. En introduisant différents chocs dans l’économie, nous pouvons analyser leurs effets sur les prix du logement et l’accumulation de capital, ainsi que sur le mécanisme de transmission de ces chocs. D’autre part, le deuxième chapitre porte sur la manière dont le transfert intergénérationnel rend l’inégalité persistante via le marché du logement. En considérant une économie avec deux actifs d’investissement différents : le logement et le capital, nous montrons qu’il existe un équilibre dans lequel le logement est plus rentable que le capital. En tant que famille riche, c’est-à-dire celle qui a hérité d’une richesse relativement plus grande, peut accéder au marché du logement alors que la famille pauvre ne le peut pas en raison de la contrainte d’emprunt, l’inégalité persiste à long terme. En outre, le patrimoine et les transferts entre ménages sont les deux canaux de transmission essentiels qui relient la richesse de manière différente. Bien que l’on pense que les transferts entre ménages contribuent au développement du capital humain et donc des revenus du travail, l’héritage joue un rôle décisif dans l’accumulation de capital et de richesse. Les données du compte de transfert national en France nous ont montré qu’au cours des dernières décennies, la composition des transferts privés a sensiblement évolué : d’une part plus dominante des transferts entre ménages à une part plus dominante en matière de succession. Ce changement entraînant deux effets négatifs, il est donc intéressant de comprendre pourquoi et comment cela se produit, ainsi que son lien avec l’inégalité de la richesse. Ces questions sont abordées dans le troisième chapitre de ma thèseImpacts of the global rise of housing price from 1980s on the economy has attracted a surging research interest. As housing represent a major share of household expenditure as well as total wealth, it’s important to understand the role of housing on wealth inequality. Yet, due to data availability, little has been done to understand this issue. As wealth of households is accumulated from two main sources: capital savings and transfers, it’s important to understand how these sources are linked to housing market when there’s a shift in housing prices. Thus, the first two chapters of this thesis aim to a better understanding on the importance of housing channel on the economy. More specifically, the first chapter draws attention on the co-movement between housing prices and production output. By introducing different shocks to the economy, we can analyse their impacts on housing prices and capital accumulation as well as the mechanism in which these shocks are transmitted. On the other hand, the second chapter focuses on how intergenerational transfer makes inequality persistent via the housing market. By considering an economy with two different investment assets: housing and capital, we show that that there exists an equilibrium in which housing is more profitable than capital. As the rich family, i.e. the one who inherited relatively higher wealth, can access the housing market while the poor one can’t due to the borrowing constraint, inequality maintains in the long run. Furthermore, bequest and intrahousehold transfer are the two essential transmission channels that link to wealth in different way. While intrahousehold transfer is believed to contribute to the development of individual’s human capital and hence labour incomes, inheritance plays a decisive role in one’s accumulation of capital and wealth. Data from the national transfer account in France showed us that over the last decades, there has been a notable change in a composition of private transfers: from a more dominant share of intrahousehold transfers to a more dominant inheritance one. As this shift triggers two adverse effects, it’s therefore interesting to understand why and how it happens as well as how it is related to wealth inequality. These questions are addressed in the third chapter of my thesis
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Romainville, Alice. "La production capitaliste des logements à Bruxelles: promotion immobilière et division sociale de l'espace". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209049.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans le système de production de l’habitat qui existe à Bruxelles, en ce début de 21ᵉ siècle, le logement est à la fois un bien répondant à un besoin vital, un bien faisant l’objet d’un droit inscrit dans la constitution, et une marchandise. Sa production est majoritairement laissée à des sociétés privées – pour l’essentiel des sociétés de promotion immobilière – auxquelles on laisse aussi le soin d’en fixer les prix, sur base de leur perception du marché du logement. Un marché où se rencontrent une demande et une offre, des “consommateurs” et des producteurs de logements, dont les intérêts sont diamétralement opposés. Un marché qui, contrairement à ce qu’en attend la théorie économique néoclassique, ne crée pas un équilibre, mais une crise perpétuelle. Un marché qui entretient et amplifie les inégalités sociales, et dont le fonctionnement génère, à Bruxelles, des conditions de vie indignes pour une part croissante de ménages.Cette étude lève le voile sur les mécanismes à l’œuvre du côté des sociétés qui sont les agents principaux de la production capitaliste de logements. Ces sociétés sont celles qui assurent, dans le domaine résidentiel, la fonction de promoteur immobilier (une fonction assurée par toutes sortes de sociétés, qui n’ont pas toutes officiellement la promotion immobilière comme activité principale). Il s’agit d’étudier empiriquement les façons dont ces sociétés utilisent, entretiennent, et transforment l’espace urbain et la géographie résidentielle des différentes classes sociales dans la ville.
La partie théorique propose une réflexion sur la façon dont les promoteurs peuvent maximiser leur taux de profit à travers la localisation de leurs opérations de logements. Elle fait le lien entre les pratiques des promoteurs telles que j’ai pu les observer, la théorie de la rente foncière, et la question de la reproduction / transformation de la division sociale de l’espace. La partie empirique porte sur les promoteurs de logement, à Bruxelles, dans les années 2000. Elle décrit les promoteurs de logement actifs en Région bruxelloise, sur la base des données disponibles, par l’intermédiaire d’une typologie et de portraits d’entreprises. Elle compare ensuite les stratégies spatiales des différentes sortes de promoteurs, ce qui permet d’identifier les caractéristiques spécifiques qui influencent leurs choix de localisation.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation géographie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
19
Grigorakis, Anastasios. "Les stratégies familiales dans la reproduction et la transformation sociale dans la Grèce d'après-guerre". Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080039/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse de doctorat analyse le rôle des stratégies familiales dans les processus de reproduction et de transformation sociale dans la Grèce d’après-guerre. Elle tente de montrer que les familles ont développé, tout au long de la période d’après-guerre, un système de stratégies afin d’assurer sur le plan intergénérationnel la préservation ou l’amélioration de leur statut économique et symbolique. Ces stratégies, qui constituent le « mode de reproduction familial », ont joué un rôle capital dans les processus de transformation sociale du pays (tels que l’urbanisation et la restructuration économique), notamment pendant la première période d’après-guerre. La recherche se focalise sur trois types de stratégies familiales : la pluriactivité, les stratégies résidentielles et les stratégies éducatives. Tout d’abord, à travers les stratégies de pluriactivité, les familles, notamment dans le monde rural, ont fait face à l’exode rural et aux mutations économiques profondes des premières décennies d’après-guerre. Ensuite, les stratégies résidentielles avaient pour objectif l’accession à la propriété, mobilisant principalement l’épargne des ménages, ainsi que les ressources humaines et matérielles des réseaux familiaux. Enfin, les stratégies éducatives, qui ont également mobilisé d’importantes ressources des ménages, exprimaient les efforts des familles pour assurer leur reproduction, voire leur mobilité sociale, sur le plan intergénérationnel à travers l’obtention des diplômes universitaires par leurs enfants. Par ailleurs, la question du rôle de l’État-providence grec est abordée dans les processus de protection et de reproduction sociale. En analysant le développement tardif et fragmentaire de l’État-providence grec, il est démontré que la famille n’a jamais perdu son rôle prépondérant en termes de protection et de reproductionThis PhD. Thesis focuses on the role of family strategies in social reproduction and change processes in post-war Greece. It argues that during the whole post-war period, families, according to a normative propensity in pursuing their subsistence, protection and reproduction in an intergenerational perspective, developed a system of strategies in order to assure their social reproduction, namely to assure the preservation or amelioration of their economic and symbolic status. These strategies, that constitute the ‘family mode of reproduction’, played also an important role in social transformation processes (such as urbanization and economic restructuring), notably in the first post-war period. The dissertation focuses particularly in three types of family strategies: pluriactivity, residential and education strategies. With the development pluriactivity strategies, rural families (in particular) tried to cope with deep economic restructuring and rural depopulation during the first post-war decades. Residential strategies aimed at accessing home-ownership, notably in the period of rapid urbanization by mobilizing mainly family savings and exchanges. Educational strategies expressed family aspirations of social reproduction and mobility through the acquisition of university degrees. These strategies also mobilized important proportions of family wealth in order to cope with high competition within the academic field. We finally address the question of the role of the Greek Welfare-State in social protection and reproduction processes. By analysing the late and fragmentary development of public policies, we show that family never lost its prominent role in social protection and reproduction
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Suppi, Eleonora. "Sottotitolare un documentario. Il progetto Housing First - Prima la casa e il cortometraggio The Passengers". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18820/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il presente elaborato ha lo scopo di analizzare la funzione del sottotitolaggio come metodo di traduzione audiovisiva nell'ambito dei documentari. In particolare, analizza il sottotitolaggio di The Passengers, un cortometraggio ideato dall'associazione Instant Documentary che mette in luce le problematiche dell'abitare sociale affrontate da Housing First - Prima la casa.
L'elaborato è diviso in tre capitoli, due dei quali dedicati alle associazioni ideatrici dei due progetti analizzati e uno dedicato all'analisi della proposta di sottotitolaggio.
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McAvay, Haley. "Immigrants’ spatial incorporation in France : patterns and determinants of neighborhood and housing attainment". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0036/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse cherche à analyser les dynamiques résidentielles des populations immigrées et issues de l’immigration en France et leur situation face au logement. S’appuyant sur deux grandes bases de données, l’Echantillon Démographique Permanent (INSEE) et l’enquête Trajectoires et Origines (INED/INSEE), qui comptent parmi les rares bases de données en France qui permettent d’identifier les immigrés et leurs descendants à travers le temps (1990-2008), cette recherche comporte trois grands volets empiriques. En premier lieu, je propose un panorama des situations résidentielles des immigrés et de leurs descendants, en focalisant sur les caractéristiques des zones urbaines où ces groupes sont concentrés, leur statut d’occupation du logement, ainsi que la manière dont ces différentes dimensions résidentielles s’articulent. Deuxièmement, tirant profit de la dimension longitudinale des données, l’analyse porte sur la mobilité résidentielle de ces groupes, en traçant leurs trajectoires dans les quartiers et dans le logement. Finalement, je mène une analyse intergénérationnelle des inégalités résidentielles afin de déterminer à quel point les individus « héritent » les positions spatiales de leurs parents. L’analyse porte une attention particulière aux déterminants individuels et contextuels des trajectoires afin de mieux saisir les mécanismes qui structurent les inégalités face au logement et dans l’espaceMy dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the neighborhood and housing outcomes of immigrants and natives in France. I draw on two large data sets, L’échantillon démographique permanent (INSEE) and Trajectoires et origines (INED/INSEE), which provide rare information about first and second generation immigrants, combine individual and contextual-level variables, and span several dates of observation (1990-2008). Drawing on classical theoretical approaches to immigrants’ spatial incorporation (spatial assimilation, place stratification), as well as insights from the social stratification and neighborhood effects literature, the analysis is rooted in a multidimensional, longitudinal and intergenerational approach to residential inequalities. First, I use a variety of indicators of the composition of neighborhoods (i.e. share of immigrants, co-ethnics, low-income households, the unemployment rate) in addition to housing tenure to explore associations between various dimensions of residential outcomes. Second, using longitudinal data and panel modelling techniques, the analysis captures patterns and determinants of residential mobility, transitions in neighborhoods, access to homeownership and moves in and out of the public housing sector. Finally, contributing to recent empirical work on the intergenerational reproduction of context, I seek to assess the extent to which residential situations are transmitted between parents and their children. The analysis seeks throughout to document the effects of individual factors (nativity, immigrant origin, socioeconomic status) and contextual factors (municipality and departmental characteristics) on shaping residential inequalities
22
Escusa, Elodie. "A la recherche d'une identité sociale post-apartheid : l'Afrique du Sud du milieu, espace social stratégique de la Transformation". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0214/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le contexte social et politique post-apartheid est marqué par la reconfiguration des inégalités selon des lignes plus sociales que raciales, et non par leur réduction. En conséquence, l’écart entre les ambitions et les réalisations du projet de Transformation est le cadre actuel d’énonciation de discours publics sur la « Black Middle Class », vue comme un symbole de la métamorphose attendue et promise par l’ANC depuis le début des années 1990. La thèse met en perspective ces discours pour aborder la question suivante : Quels sont les ressorts et enjeux des identifications au « milieu » de l’espace social dans le contexte de la Transformation post-apartheid ? L’objet d’étude est construit théoriquement comme un « milieu réel » (différent de la « middle class »), et empiriquement, autour de « ceux du milieu » (« amaphakathi » en isizulu) dans l’entité géographique et sociale du « Black Johannesburg ». L’analyse est conduite à partir de données primaires (entretiens et séjours longs en observation participante) et secondaires récoltées entre octobre 2010 et octobre 2014. La 1ère partie explore les identifications exogènes (conditions économiques et politiques, catégorisations raciales et sociales passées et contemporaines), puis, la 2ème partie analyse les expressions du positionnement social subjectif de « ceux du milieu » et leurs « mises en pratiques ». Ces pratiques sociales se trouvent « consacrées » – tout en consacrant le « milieu » comme groupe social – par des politiques publiques (comme celle du « gap housing ») qui ciblent une catégorie du « milieu »The post-apartheid social and political context is marked by a reconfiguration of inequalities according to social rather than racial lines, and not by their decline. Consequently, the gap between the ambitions and the achievements of the Transformation project is the current frame of enunciation of public discourses on the “Black Middle Class”, seen as a symbol of the long-awaited metamorphosis that was promised by the ANC in the beginning of the 1990’s. The thesis puts these discourses into perspective to tackle the following broader question: What are the components and stakes of identifications in the “middle” of the social space in the context of post-apartheid Transformation? The object of study is theoretically constructed as an “actual middle” (distinct from the “middle class”) and empirically crafted as “those in the middle” (“amaphakathi” in isizulu) in “Black Johannesburg”. The analysis is based on secondary and primary sources (interviews and long-stay observations) gathered between October 2010 and October 2014. The first part explores the exogenous identifications (economic and political conditions, racial and social categorisations past and contemporary). The second part look at the ways “the ones in the middle” position themselves and puts their identity “in practices”. These social practices happen to be “consecrated” – whilst consecrating the “middle” as a social group – by public policies (such as “gap housing”) which target a “middle” category
23
Saint-Macary, Émilie. "Mixité sociale et diversité de l'habitat : l'investissement d'acteurs privés dans les opérations de rénovation urbaine". Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1153.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Depuis la loi d'orientation et de programmation sur la ville et la rénovation urbaine du 1er Août 2003, la diversité de l'habitat est placée au cœur des nouvelles injonctions nationales par l'instauration d'un nouvel instrument : la diversification des statuts d'occupation de logements. Depuis les tout premiers dispositifs de la politique de la ville, il s'agit d'instaurer davantage de mixité sociale pour lutter contre la concentration de la pauvreté. Introduire une diversité d'habitat dans les quartiers populaires n'est donc pas une nouveauté. Elle prend cependant une configuration différente dans le cadre de la politique de rénovation urbaine actuelle : depuis la mise en place de l'Agence Nationale de Rénovation Urbaine (ANRU), découlant de la loi du 1er Août 2003, on constate d'une part, un basculement des financements publics vers une prise en charge privée du budget de la politique de rénovation urbaine par Action logement , et d'autre part, une intervention quasiment systématique de deux acteurs privés sur les projets : les promoteurs privés et l'Association Foncière Logement (AFL), qui prennent tout deux nouvellement part à la reconstruction de logements dans les ZUS. Cette nouvelle dimension économique des Projets de Rénovation Urbaine (PRU) pose autrement la question de la mise en œuvre de la mixité sociale dans ces quartiers populaires. Elle nous a amené à nous interroger sur les enjeux placés autour de la nécessaire rentabilité d'opérations d‘acteurs privés effectuées dans le cadre d'un programme d'action publique porteur d'une mission d'intérêt général. La thèse repose sur l'hypothèse principale selon laquelle les acteurs privés impliqués dans les opérations de rénovation urbaine réajustent leurs pratiques pour produire une offre adaptée au marché nouvellement visé. Nous avons testé cette hypothèse sur trois sites en rénovation urbaine : Mantes la Jolie (78), Le Blanc Mesnil (93) et enfin Le Havre (76) qui mettent chacun en œuvre des stratégies de diversification de l'habitat très différentes. En étudiant la programmation de la diversification de logement sur chacun de ces sites, cette thèse met en évidence les décalages entre les intentions initiales des porteurs de projets et la programmation effective des logements privés, tant au niveau des caractéristiques de logements que des populations ciblées, remettant potentiellement en cause les objectifs initialement annoncés de mixité socialeSince the vote of the orientation law in August 1st, 2003 on urban renewal, housing diversity is at the centre of new national injunctions by the government through the introduction of a new instrument: the diversification of the housing tenure. From the very first urban renewal program planning in France, social mix is used as a tool against poverty concentration. The introduction of housing diversity into the working-class neighbourhoods is therefore not a novelty. But, it has taken today a different turn in France's current urban renewal policy. Indeed, since the implementation of the Agence Nationale pour la Rénovation urbaine (ANRU) (national agency for urban renewal) we observe a shift in the financing sources of the urban renewal policy budget; the public sector has considerably reduced its participation while private investors such as Action Logement have become major investors. Second, we observe a quasi-systematic intervention of two types of private actors on the reconstruction projects, namely indepedant private developers and the Association Foncière Logement (AFL).This new economic setting gives another dimension to the implementation of social diversity in these areas. This notably raises the question of the ability of private actors to realize a public mission while being constrained by the necessity of profitability. The main hypothesis tested in this thesis is that private actors involved in urban renewal adjust their actions in order to provide an offer adapted to the newly targeted market. We test this hypothesis on three different sites: Mantes-la-Jolie (78), Le Blanc-Mesnil (93) and Le Havre (76) in which different diversification strategies have been applied. By investigating the implementation plans of diversification housing on each site, this thesis puts in evidence the different gaps existing between the initial intentions and the programs' achievements, both in terms of housing characteristics and of targeted populations. Such gaps potentially jeopardize the initially announced objectives of social mix
24
Cuervo, Nicolas. "L’inertie et les changements urbains au prisme des prix du logement : Bogota, 1970-2012". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1067/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A partir de l’évolution des écarts spatiaux des prix du logement et des prix fonciers entre sept secteurs de Bogota, entre 1970 et 2012, cette thèse analyse l’ampleur des recompositions socio-spatiales de la ville. En croisant l’analyse urbaine et l’étude de marchés immobiliers, cette recherche aborde l’évolution des secteurs déjà construits de la ville et les variations des prix des logements anciens. Contrairement aux recherches qui insistent sur la profondeur et la rapidité des transformations des villes latino-américaines sous l’effet de la globalisation, nos résultats montrent que les différences spatiales des prix du logement restent stables. Seuls les écarts spatiaux des prix fonciers augmentent pendant notre période d’étude. L’analyse statistique des facteurs explicatifs de l’inertie des écarts spatiaux des prix montre que la stabilité globale résulte de la conjonction de deux tendances ayant des effets opposés. La diffusion des commerces réduit les écarts spatiaux des prix, alors que la valeur symbolique du secteur de résidence explique le maintien des différences spatiales des prix. Quant aux prix fonciers, la densification des constructions explique une portion des écarts croissants entre secteurs de la ville, mais reste insuffisante pour comprendre l’ampleur des évolutions constatéesFollowing the evolution of the gaps in housing and land values between seven sectors of Bogotá between 1970 and 2012, this thesis analyzes the scale of urban socio-spatial transformations. By overlapping urban analysis with the study of real estate markets, this analysis deals with the evolution of already-built areas and their housing prices. In contrast with research that emphasizes the depth and rapidity of transformations in Latin American cities during globalization, our findings show that gaps in housing prices from one area to another remain stable. During the period studied, only in the realm of land value gaps in prices between one area and another did actually widen. The statistical analysis of factors explaining the stability of gaps between housing prices from one area to another reveals that overall stability results from the conjunction of two trends with opposite effects. The spatial diffusion of shopping outlets reduces the gaps in housing prices from one area to another, to the same extent as the symbolic or perceived value of each of these residential areas keeps these gaps in prices entrenched. As for land prices, the densification of buildings explains to some extent the widening gaps in prices between some sectors of the city, but this one factor is not enough to explain the extent of the observed evolutions
25
Touceda, Gomez Maria Isabel. "Implementation of socioeconomic criteria in a life cycle sustainability assessment framework applied to housing retrofitting. The Brussels-Capital region case study". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/238640.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Most of the housing stock in European cities needs to be updated to fulfill current requirements. Although energy and climate have been prioritized in European policies, other sustainable development challenges are sometimes disregarded. Retrofitting plays a part in addressing social concerns such as unemployment and poverty. Therefore, these issues also need to be tackled during the decision-making process.Decision makers need assessment methods to help them to comprehensively address complex processes such as retrofitting on a territorial scale. Several tools are available to address certain aspects of building sustainability, but these often disregard social inclusion aspects. The life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) methodology seems to be an appropriate framework, but it needs further adaptation and development for the intended application; that is, to guide policy-making related to housing retrofitting in a given territory towards a more sustainable model of development.This PhD thesis develops an assessment tool in the framework of LCSA. The proposal combines environmental assessment methods with a set of specifically developed socioeconomic models. The socioeconomic models address social and socioeconomic concerns, which are relevant in housing retrofitting processes, for which a cause-effect relationship can be established. The so-called characterization models result from the identification, combination and adaptation of available methods developed within various research fields. These methods analyze damages to the health of workers involved in the life cycle and to the health of the household living in the retrofitted dwelling. Impacts on human well-being and dignity are addressed through prosperity, in terms of fair employment, alleviation of fuel poverty of households, and contribution to economic growth.Two retrofits are analyzed and compared in multiple scenarios of household and housing conditions. The impacts of the retrofitting on sustainable development are calculated considering their remaining life period and taking into account the reference situation where retrofitting would not be undertaken. Some of the results are unexpected, whereas others were more predictable, and the tool helps to properly quantifying them. However, the tool does not provide a unique solution: the “best-performing” scenarios regarding natural environment are the “less-performing” scenarios regarding health and well-being, and vice versa. Decisions therefore need to be adjusted and aim for a combination of job creation, meeting environmental targets, overcoming poverty thresholds and using available public resources. This LCSA proposal helps to adapt measures which promote retrofitting to housing typologies, household type and dwelling conditions. This tool also serves to identify scenarios to prioritize and quantify the potential improvements in the retrofitting process.En Europe, la plupart du parc bâti de logements doit être rénové en accord avec les besoins actuels. Dans les politiques européennes, la priorité est donnée à l’énergie et au climat et d’autres défis liés au développement durable semblent être négligés. La rénovation parait pouvoir atténuer des problèmes sociaux tels que le taux de chômage, la pauvreté ou l’exclusion sociale et doit donc aussi être considérées.Les décideurs publics ont besoin de méthodes d’analyse qui leur permettent d’aborder des processus complexes comme la rénovation de logements au niveau du territoire. Il y plusieurs outils à disposition pour analyser certains aspects de la durabilité des bâtiments mais, souvent, ces outils ne prennent pas en compte des aspects d’inclusion sociale. La méthodologie d’analyse de la durabilité du cycle de vie (LCSA en anglais) s’avère un cadre approprié pour aborder cette problématique mais il est encore nécessaire de la développer et de l’adapter pour l’appliquer à l’objet de cette étude ,c’est-à-dire, guider la prise de décisions publiques, en relation avec la rénovation de bâtiments à l’échelle du territoire, vers un développement plus durable.Cette recherche développe « sur mesure » un outil d’analyse dans le cadre du LCSA. La méthodologie proposée combine des méthodes d’analyse environnementale avec un ensemble de modèles socioéconomiques, dits modèles de caractérisation. Ces derniers, spécifiquement développés, ciblent des préoccupations sociales et socioéconomiques qui concernent le processus de rénovation du logement et dont la relation cause-effet peut être établie. Ils résultent de l’identification, la combinaison et l’adaptation de méthodes existantes développées dans différents domaines. Ces méthodes analysent les impacts sur la santé des travailleurs impliqués dans tout le cycle de vie et sur la santé du ménage qui habite le logement. Les impacts sur le bien-être et la dignité humaine sont analysés au moyen de la prospérité, en termes de travail juste, de la lutte contre la précarité énergétique et de la contribution au développement économique.Les effets produits par deux rénovations à Bruxelles sont analysés et comparés dans plusieurs scénarios, pour la période de vie qui reste au logement. Quelques résultats s’écartent de ceux attendus ;d’autres pouvaient être pressentis mais cet outil permet de les quantifier de manière appropriée. Cependant, l’outil ne dégage pas de solution unique :dans certains cas, les bénéfices en termes de bien-être sont moindres pour les scénarios où la rénovation produit les meilleurs résultats environnementaux, et vice versa. Les décisions résultent de l’ajustement et la combinaison entre les objectifs en termes d’environnement, de création d’emploi, seuils de seuil de pauvreté et les ressources publiques disponibles. Cet outil aide à l’adaptation des politiques et mesures d’encouragement aux typologies de bâti, aux types de ménages et aux conditions du logement. Il permet l’identification de scénarios à rendre prioritaire, ainsi que de quantifier les effets d’éventuelles améliorations à apporter au processus de rénovation urbaine.
Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Polytechnique)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
26
Steinmetz, Hélène. "Produire des petits propriétaires ? Les HLM et l’accession à la propriété, 1953-2010". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20099.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aujourd’hui, le terme de logement social est généralement associé en France à l’activité de construction et de gestion locative réalisée par les organismes HLM. Depuis l’invention des Habitations à Bon Marché à la fin du 19ème siècle, le contenu de cette catégorie n’a cependant cessé d’évoluer. La diversité des acteurs qui sont à l’origine de l’émergence du logement social et la multiplicité des causes qu’ils défendent ont été étudiées par les travaux portant sur les « réformateurs sociaux » au tournant du 20ème siècle. Mais ces questions sont peu traitées par les recherches historiques et sociologiques qui portent sur le mouvement HLM depuis les années 1950. Cette thèse entend donc examiner la recomposition des frontières du secteur du logement social depuis cette date en se penchant sur la diversité interne du mouvement HLM et sur les rapports de force qui le traversent. Pour cela, elle prend pour objet principal des acteurs minoritaires parmi les élites dirigeantes de ce mouvement : les promoteurs et spécialistes de l’accession dite « sociale » à la propriété. Elle analyse les processus qui rendent cette activité plus ou moins légitime selon les périodes, qui font évoluer son cadre juridique, et modifient les pratiques économiques auxquelles renvoie ce terme. A partir d’un travail réalisé à partir de sources écrites (dépouillement d’archives publiques et de publications du mouvement HLM), d’une enquête de terrain menée auprès de responsables nationaux de fédérations professionnelles ainsi que de dirigeants d’organismes, complétée par des sources statistiques, cette thèse cherche ainsi à rompre avec une vision homogénéisante du secteur du logement social, comme institution et groupe d’acteurs aux intérêts et aux positions unifiéesSocial housing is a term usually associated in France with the building and the management of rental housing by the organisations of « Habitations à Loyer modéré » in France. However, since the creation of these institutions at the end of the 19th century, the meaning of the term « social housing » as kept evolving. The diversity of the actors who contributed to the institutionnalisation of a social housing sector, and of their discording views on the form it shoud take, has been thoroughly studied by research on social reformers at the turn of the 20th century. By contrast, these questions have been little studied by sociological or historical research on social housing since the 1950’s. This research aims at analyzing how the frontiers of the social housing sector have evolved since then, taking into account the inner diversity of the HLM movement, and the power struggles which characterizes this institution. To that purpose, it focuses on a specific category of actors, which hold a minority situation in the HLM movement, the promoters of « social » home-ownership. It analyzes the processes through which this specific activity gains or loses legitimacy in this institution, the evolution of its legal framework and of its economic content. Relying on a the study of public archives, on a fieldwork conducted on the political and economic elites of the HLM movement, and on the use of statistical data, this research aims at breaking with the homogeneous image which is often given of this institution, too often seen as a unified interest group
27
Fèvre, Eric. "Handicap psychique et exclusion sociale : Place des phénomènes cliniques et psychopathologique dans les risques d’expulsion d’un logement". Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0047/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le handicap psychique est une expression française qui s’est imposée récemment, mais qui fait l’objet de diverses acceptions. Nous le situons dans le contexte très large des vulnérabilités et dans celui plus restreint des situations de handicap. Alors qu’il est communément admis que le handicap psychique est une conséquence sociale d’une maladie mentale, nous montrons que des personnes sont en situation de handicap d’origine psychique (shop) alors qu’elles n’ont aucune pathologie mentale avérée et qu’elles ne suivent aucun traitement psychiatrique. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur l’expérience d’un dispositif appelé Médiation logement ; dans ce contexte, des psychologues cliniciens vont au-devant de personnes recluses dans leur logement, ou qui manifestent des troubles du comportement ou du voisinage, et qui n’ont aucun antécédent psychiatrique. Nous montrons qu’il s’agit bien de personnes en situation de handicap d’origine psychique (peshop). Cela nous conduit à donner une nouvelle définition du handicap psychique. Puis nous proposons une grille de lecture clinique qui permettrait qu’une équipe mobile puisse faire un diagnostic précoce d’un syndrome incapacitant discret d’origine psychique (sidop) qui se révèle chez une personne ayant une fragilité singulière au moment où elle est confrontée à un évènement traumatique personnel et/ou socialThe handicap psychique (psychological handicap) is a French expression which has imposed itself recently. It is the subject of various meanings. We place it in the very broad context of vulnerabilities and in the more restricted situations of handicap. While it is commonly accepted that psychological handicap is a social consequence of a mental disease, we show that people with handicap of psychological origin (HOPO) have no proven mental disorder and do not undergo any psychiatric treatment. We rely on the experience of a plan called Médiation logement. In this “Housing mediation” clinical psychologists meet people who are reclusive in their homes, or who exhibit behaviour or neighbourhood disturbances. Those people have no psychiatric history and we show that they share a common feature: a discrete incapacitating syndrome of psychological origin (DISOPO). This leads us to give a new definition of psychological handicap. Then we propose a clinical reading tool that would allow a team to make an early diagnosis of this DISOPO that appears in a person with a singular fragility when faced with personal and / or social traumatic of stressful event
28
Govoni, Andrea, e Licia Felicioni. "Redesign strategies for regeneration of the Red Hook neighborhood in New York City". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Cerca il testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Questo progetto di tesi si occupa della riqualificazione di un comparto di edilizia sociale compreso all’interno del quartiere di Brooklyn. L’area insiste a sud sulla sponda del East River con un consistente impianto portuale dismesso nel tempo in favore di collegamenti marittimi che permettono di accedere all’area di Brooklyn in questione, producendo un’intensificazione dell’interesse immobiliare nei confronti di questa zona che invece nasce per sua vocazione con un profilo estremamente popolare. La riqualificazione segue un approccio tipicamente americano fortemente orientato ad incoraggiare l’ingresso di capitali privati per finanziare l’intera operazione di rigenerazione. È stato quindi redatto un business plan con l’ipotesi dei costi di costruzione. Il volume di addizione in copertura è pertanto funzionale al raggiungimento della sostenibilità economica dell'intervento mettendo a mercato nuovi alloggi. Il progetto di rigenerazione che la tesi intende mettere in campo trae anche le proprie basi da una riflessione che la città di New York sta mettendo in atto circa la resilienza delle proprie strutture, infrastrutture e tessuto urbano nei confronti di eventi estremi effetto dei cambiamenti climatici. Onde evitare l’allagamento e l’indisponibilità energetica, il progetto assume delle misure essenziali che vengono sperimentate in un’area campione all’interno del comparto, che essendo vasto ma modularmente ripetuto, consente di testare varie soluzioni che possono essere replicate nel comparto stesso e successivamente anche in altre porzioni della città. Nella logica di individuare una metodica che possa rappresentare un pilota per qualità dei risultati conseguibili e tracciabilità delle azioni che producono gli impatti desiderati, il progetto decide di adeguare la propria metrica di valutazione dei risultati a quella proposta dal LEED, per l’attribuzione di un punteggio secondo alcuni parametri per valutare la sostenibilità dell’intervento.
29
Martinez-Toledano, Toledano Clara. "Essays on the Accumulation, Distribution and Taxation of Wealth". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0074.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse analyse l'accumulation, la distribution et la taxation du patrimoine, en utilisant le contexte espagnol comme laboratoire. Les deux premiers chapitres mettent l’accent sur l'immobilier. Dans le premier chapitre, nous reconstituons le patrimoine national de l'Espagne entre 1900 et 2017. En combinant de nouvelles sources avec des comptes nationaux existants, nous estimons le patrimoine des secteurs privés et publics, et nous réalisons une nouvelle décomposition spécifique par type d’actif de l'accumulation du patrimoine à long terme. Nous constatons qu'au cours du 20e siècle, le ratio patrimoine/revenu est resté dans une fourchette relativement étroite — entre 400 et 600% — jusqu’à ce que la bulle immobilière du début des années 2000 conduise à une augmentation jusqu’à 800% en 2007. Nos résultats mettent en évidence l'importance de l’immobilier, des plus-values et les flux de capitaux internationaux comme éléments clés de l'accumulation de richesses. Dans le deuxième chapitre, j’étudie les conséquences des bulles immobilières sur les inégalités du patrimoine, en examinant deux épisodes de ce type au cours des quatre dernières décennies en Espagne. Je combine des données fiscales avec des enquêtes des ménages et les comptes nationaux pour reconstruire la distribution du patrimoine total, et je développe une nouvelle décomposition spécifique par type d’actif de l'accumulation du patrimoine pour démêler les principales forces derrière la dynamique des inégalités (par exemple, les plus-values et le taux d'épargne). Je trouve que la part du patrimoine des 10% les plus riches diminue lorsque la valeur des logements augmente fortement, mais cette tendance s'inverse pendant les crises. Les différences de plus-value entre les différents groupes semblent être le principal moteur de la concentration de la richesse pendant les bulles. En revanche, des différences persistantes entre les taux d'épargne des différents groupes de richesse, ainsi que les rééquilibrages des portefeuilles vers des actifs financiers sont les principales forces qui expliquent l'évolution inverse après l’explosion de la bulle. Je montre que l'hétérogénéité des réponses enregistrées est cohérente avec l'existence de grandes différences dans les coûts d'ajustement de portefeuille entre les groupes de richesse et que les incitations fiscales peuvent exacerber ce comportement différentiel d'épargne. Ces résultats fournissent de nouveaux faits empiriques pour enrichir les théories macroéconomiques sur des inégalités du patrimoine au cours du cycle économique. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions l'effet des impôts annuels sur le patrimoine sur la migration. Nous analysons la décentralisation unique du système espagnol de l'impôt sur la fortune après sa réintroduction en 2011. Madrid est la seule région qui n'a pas réintroduit cet impôt. En utilisant des registres administratifs de l'impôt sur le revenu appariés avec l'impôt sur la fortune, nous exploitons la variation quasi expérimentale des taux d’imposition générée par la réforme pour comprendre les réponses de mobilité des individus à haut patrimoine et l'effet qui en résulte sur les revenus collectés par l'impôt sur la fortune et des inégalités de patrimoine. En agrégeant les données individuelles par région, année, et niveau de richesse des déclarants, nous constatons que cinq ans après la réforme, le nombre d’individus riches et le stock de patrimoine résidant dans la région de Madrid augmentent respectivement de 11% et 12% par rapport aux autres régions avant la réforme. En utilisant un modèle de choix individuel, nous montrons que conditionnellement a fait de migrer, le taux d'imposition zero a augmenté la probabilité de changer de résidence fiscale pour Madrid de 24 points de pourcentage. Nous montrons que le statut de Madrid en tant que paradis fiscal aggrave les inégalités régionales de patrimoine, diminue l'efficacité de la taxe et aggrave la concentration du patrimoineThis thesis analyzes the accumulation, distribution and taxation of wealth, usingthe Spanish context as a laboratory. The first two chapters have a particular focuson housing. In the first chapter, we reconstruct Spain's national wealth from 1900to 2017. By combining new sources with existing accounts, we estimate the wealth of both private and government sectors and use a new asset-specific decomposition of the long-run accumulation of wealth. We find that during the 20th century, the national wealth-to-income ratio remained within a relatively narrow range–between 400 and 600%–until the housing boom of the early 2000s led to an unprecedented rise to 800% in 2007. Our results highlight the importance of land, housing capital gains and international capital flows as key elements of wealth accumulation.In the second chapter, I study the implications of housing booms and busts forwealth inequality, examining two episodes over the last four decades in Spain. Icombine fiscal data with household surveys and national accounts to reconstruct the entire wealth distribution and develop a new asset-specific decomposition of wealth accumulation to disentangle the main forces behind wealth inequality dynamics (e.g., capital gains, saving rates). I find that the top 10% wealth share drops during housing booms, but the decreasing pattern reverts during busts. Differences in capital gains across wealth groups appear to be the main drivers of the decline in wealth concentration during booms. In contrast, persistent differences in saving rates across wealth groups and portfolio reshuffling towards financial assets among top wealth holders are the main explanatory forces behind the reverting evolution during housing busts. I show that the heterogeneity in saving responses is consistent with the existence of large differences in portfolio adjustment frictions across wealth groups and that tax incentives can exacerbate this differential saving behavior. These results provide novel empirical evidence to enrich macroeconomic theories of wealth inequality over the business cycle.In the third chapter, we study the effect of annual wealth taxes on migration. Weanalyze the unique decentralization of the Spanish wealth tax system following the reintroduction of the tax in 2011. Madrid is the only region that did not reintroducethe wealth tax. Using linked administrative wealth and income tax records, weexploit the quasi-experimental variation in tax rates generated by the reform tounderstand the mobility responses of high wealth individuals and the resulting effect on wealth tax revenue and wealth inequality. Aggregating the individual data to the region-year-wealth tax filer level, we find that five years after the reform, the stock of wealthy individuals and the stock of wealth residing in the region of Madrid increased, respectively, by 11% and 12% relative to other regions prior to the reform. Using an individual choice model, we show that conditional on moving, Madrid's zero tax rate increased the probability of changing one's fiscal residence to Madrid by 24 percentage points. We show that Madrid's status as a tax haven exacerbates regional wealth inequalities and erodes the effectiveness of raising tax revenue and curving wealth concentration
30
Molina, Irene. "Stadens rasifiering : Etnisk boendesegregation i folkhemmet : [ethnic residential segregation in the Swedish Folkhem]". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Uppsala univ, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369704876.
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31
Reinsfelt, Jens, e Martin Söderberg. "Social housing eller sociala hyreskontrakt? -En komparativ studie av tre europeiska länder". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75172.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Denna uppsats behandlar ämnet "social housing" och det motstånd som finns mot denna form av social bostadsförsörjning i Sverige. Den svenska bostadssektorns sociala modell, så kallade sociala hyreskontrakt utvärderas i ett komparativt perspektiv med Nederländerna och England, två länder som har "social housing". Perspektiv kring allmännyttans nya och traditionella roll som bostadsförsörjare i Sverige tas också upp. Ett stigberoende inom välfärdsregimerna som är extra markant för bostadssektorn kan förklara varför "social housing" inte anses positivt i Sverige och man är vidare rädd för att bygga nya segregerade eller stigmatiserande bostäder. Slutsatsen blir att den svenska modellen med sociala hyreskontrakt är relativt sett bättre än "social housing" i Nederländerna och England, då man kan sprida kontrakten i ett helt bostadsbestånd. Därigenom förbättras förutsättningarna för att förhindra stigmatisering och segregation. Dock framgår det att i och med ny lagstiftning i Sverige så har allmännyttans roll förändrats, samtidigt som bostadsbeståndet har blivit mer segregerat. Man har också inom allmännyttan i vissa fall skärpt sina hyreskrav, vilket ökat behovet av sociala hyreskontrakt. Många allmännyttiga bostadsbolag har också anpassat sitt sociala arbete efter "nya allbolagen" som kom år 2011 och som innebär att allmännyttan måste verka affärsmässigt.
32
Sedoarisoa, Noëlvia. "Les Impacts des nuisances sonores aériennes : dépréciation immobilière et inégalité sociale? Cas des aéroports de Paris Charles-de-Gaulle,Paris-Orly, Paris-le-Bourget, Lyon Sain-Exupéry et Toulouse-Blagnac". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0747/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Au cours des 30 dernières années, il s'est produit un accroissement important de la demande et de la mise à disposition des transports aériens. Alors que l'on reconnaît, d'une manière générale, l'importance fondamentale de ce mode de transport pour les sociétés et les économies modernes, il retient de plus en plus l'attention de la classe politique par les effets secondaires néfastes qu'il engendre. En effet, les transports aériens sont aussi sources d'externalités environnementales négatives, en particulier la pollution sonore, qu'il convient d'évaluer pour pouvoir mettre en place des politiques correctives (taxes, compensation, etc.).Dans ce contexte, la dépréciation des valeurs immobilières ainsi que le risque de ségrégation sociale susceptible d'être causé par le bruit des avions tiennent un rôle croissant dans les réflexions, qui figurent parmi les préoccupations majeures avec les questions relatives à la santé des riverains. Depuis plusieurs années, de nombreuses études ont été menées dans ces domaines, à l'étranger. Cependant, à ce jour, en France, lesétudes sont encore rarissimes. Cette thèse a donc pour objet de: a) analyser et mesurer les impacts des plateformes aéroportuaires sur les valeurs immobilières et identifier les variables influentes (bruit des avions, distance à l'aéroport, etc.), b) analyser l'éventuelle situation d'inégalité sociale face à l'exposition au bruit des avions ; c) fournir un outil opérationnel et pérenne d'aide à la décision par la création d'un observatoire.Pour atteindre ces objectifs, une méthodologie pluridisciplinaire combinant compétences économiques (méthode des prix hédoniques) et géographique (SIG) a été développée. La principale originalité de cette thèse réside dans sa démarche comparative au niveau national, mettant en exergue les spécificités des différents territoires étudiés. Les territoires d'investigation couvrent toutes les communes situées dans ou à proximité immédiate des zones de bruit (plan d'exposition au bruit ou PEB) de chaque aéroport concerné. Les aéroports étudiés concernent aussi bien les aéroports parisiens (à savoir : Paris Charles-de-Gaulle et Paris-Orly), ainsi que ceux de provinces (Lyon Saint-Exupéry et Toulouse- Blagnac)Over the past 30 years, there has been a significant increase in the air transportation demand and supply. While the fundamental importance of this mode of transport, for modern societies and economies, are generally recognized, it attracts increasing attention from the political class, because of the negative side effects to which it leads. Indeed, air transports cause also negative environmental externalities, in particular noise pollution, which should be evaluated in order to implement corrective policies (taxes, compensation, etc.).In this context, the depreciation of property values and the risk of social segregation caused by aircraft noise have a growing role in the discussions, which are among the major concerns with the health issues of local residents. For several years now, many studies have been conducted in these areas, abroad. Currently, however, studies are still rare in France.Therefore, this thesis aims to: a) analyze and measure the impact of airport platforms on property values and identify the influential variables (aircraft noise, distance to the airport, etc.), analyze possible social inequality in relation to exposure to aircraft noise, c) provide an operational and sustainable decision support tool by setting up an observatory.To address these objectives, a multidisciplinary methodology combining economic (hedonic price method) and geographic (GIS) expertise has been developed. The main originality of this thesis lies in its comparative approach on a national level, highlighting the specificities of the different territories studied. The territories studied cover all communes located in or close to the noise zones (noise exposure map “Plan d'Exposition au Bruit (PEB)”) of each airport concerned. The airports studied concern both Paris airports (Paris- CDG and Paris-Orly), as well as those of provinces (Lyon Saint-Exupery and Toulouse-Blagnac)
33
Blight, Michael. "Wellbeing and Social Housing". Thesis, University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22867.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis considers whether it may be possible to provide more cost-effective social housing dwellings that generate the same level of wellbeing for tenants. The concept of wellbeing is explored as a way of measuring social housing outcomes. This is done by examining the relationship between social housing, beyond a basic, adequate standard, and the objective wellbeing of tenants. An SF-12 survey is used to measure wellbeing. This is compared to dwelling suitability and satisfaction. The survey found no relationship between tenants’ wellbeing scores, their satisfaction with their dwellings, or the attributes of the dwellings. This suggests that there is no evidence that providing social housing tenants new or improved dwellings, will improve their wellbeing. Nor is there evidence that tenants living in differing locations within a city have differing levels of objective wellbeing. Along with wellbeing, consideration has also been given to other methods for assessing the economic benefit that tenants may get from social housing dwellings. This has been done by looking at utility functions and how they might be used in deriving the appropriate economic benefit or ‘utility rent’, that tenants get from social housing dwellings. The study suggests that there is little evidence that the social housing provided to tenants is a cost-effective way to help them. The utility rent and wellbeing measure are assessed for use in a social housing cost benefit analysis framework. This leads to the development of a methodology for evaluating social housing policy outcomes and recommendations for further research.
34
D'Orazio, Anne. "S’associer pour habiter et faire la ville : de l’habitat groupé autogéré à l’habitat participatif en France (1977 – 2015) : exploration d’un monde en construction". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100062/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse s’intéresse aux capacités des citoyens, en France, à agir collectivement et à impulser des productions « alternatives » de leur cadre de vie et de leur cadre habité. Fondées largement sur une critique des modes de production conventionnels, ces démarches en proposent un dépassement dans une perspective de mutualisation et de solidarité. Si elles se réclament d’expériences étrangères, elles s’inscrivent en même temps dans la poursuite d’un débat tant idéologique qu’opérationnel qui a parcouru le XX° siècle sur la participation des habitants à la production de l’habitat. En portant notre regard sur une série d’initiatives qui ont émergé au début des années 2000, nous analysons leurs modalités de structuration, d’organisation collective et d’interpellation de l’action publique. Ces mobilisations qui sont portées par des acteurs associatifs, politiques et institutionnels construisent ainsi le Monde de « l’habitat participatif ». Pour mieux saisir ce mouvement contemporain, nous nous sommes penchée sur l’héritage des expériences françaises de l’habitat groupé autogéré de la fin des années 1970. L’approche diachronique de l’enquête questionne les niveaux de filiation entre les initiatives d’hier et celles des années 2000. Cette analyse montre comment s’organisent ces militants et les stratégies qu’ils adoptent pour faire entendre leur revendication. Elle met en évidence les mécanismes d’élaboration d’une question publique et son traitement par des acteurs institutionnels. Cette thèse contribue à l’analyse de la transformation de l’action publique et questionne les capacités de co-construire et de dialogue entre initiative militante et acteurs institutionnelsThis thesis focuses on the capacity of citizens to collectively promote “alternatives” in terms of living and housing environments in France. Grounded in a broad critique of conventional modes of production, the study suggests ways of transcending these modes through social processes such as sharing and solidarity. Although many such experiments have occurred outside of France, they are linked to ongoing twentieth century ideological and operational debates about resident participation in the construction of their own housing. By closely examining a series of initiatives in the early 2000s, the present study analyzes how they were organized and structured and how they generated public action. Under the auspices of housing associations and political and institutional organizations, these mobilizations have collectively supported the construction of a World of “participative housing.” In order understand this contemporary movement in an historical perspective, the study has also investigated the legacy of self-managed housing projects in France in the late 1970s. This diachronic approach helps to critically appraise relationships between earlier initiatives and more recent examples in the early 2000s. The study demonstrates how activists organized themselves; it analyses the strategies they used to ensure their demands would be heard. It highlights the mechanisms through which this public issue was created and describes its reception by a range of institutional actors. This thesis contributes to an analysis of the transformation of public action. It questions the capacities to co-construct and to drive a dialogue between activist initiatives and institutional actors
35
Paris, Chris. "Social theory and housing policy". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130120.
Testo completo
36
Ndubueze, Okechukwu Joseph. "Urban housing affordability and housing policy dilemmas in Nigeria". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/298/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Given the increasing importance of affordability in housing policy reform debates, this study develops a new composite approach to measuring housing affordability and employs it to examine the nature of urban housing affordability in Nigeria. The data used in this study are based on the Nigerian Living Standards Survey 2003-2004. The aggregate housing affordability model developed here measures housing affordability problems more accurately and classifies the housing affordability status of households more appropriately than the conventional affordability models. Findings show very high levels of housing affordability problems in Nigeria with about 3 out of every 5 urban households experiencing such difficulties. There are also significant housing affordability differences between socio-economic groups, housing tenure groups and states in Nigeria. The current national housing policy that de-emphasises government involvement in housing provision does not allow the country’s full potential for tackling its serious affordability problems to be realised and, hence, the laudable ‘housing for all’ goal of the policy has remained elusive. Nigerian socio-economic realities demand far more vigorous government involvement in housing development, working with a more committed private sector, energised civil societies and empowered communities to tackle the enormous housing problems of the country
37
Manoochehri, J. "Social policy and housing : reflections of social values". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19217/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis set out to find the correlation between social values and standards in social housing in two major milestones in the developments in state-provided housing. The new spirit of optimism after the Second World War was developed by the latter part of the 1960s into the influential Parker Morris report. Having been commissioned by a Conservative Government in 1959 it was made obligatory for social housing in 1967 by the Labour Party in government. The post-war years that heralded the inception of the welfare state in Britain and are often referred to as the Consensus years, are investigated here and found to be centered on a social democratic agenda. In contrast with the above period, the post-1979 years became identified with their embrace of a liberal agenda, formulated by neo-liberal thinkers and politicians. This period which has the hallmarks of what has been referred to as a neo-liberal consensus was identified by the state efforts to reverse the social democratic agenda of the post-war years. Substantial social policy changes can be identified in the two contrasting periods, manifested particularly in the adoption of the universalist approach to social policy in the former with the selectivist approach in the latter period. This thesis investigates the factors that led to changes in standards in social housing in the two periods by searching for correlations between policy changes from universalism to selectivism and the dominant social values of the time. A number of housing estates were selected and the space and environmental standards in them were compared to verify the changes in standards. The political Party manifestos, policy documents, committee papers and recommendations were analysed to find indications of the state’s ideological stance at the given periods. The policy statements and social and housing policies were also analysed to find the correlation between the string of factors that lead from the state to the final built artefact in the form of social values, social policies, housing policies and social housing standards. In order to verify the findings of the research, semi-structured informal interviews were conducted with prominent actors in provision of social housing. In addition two housing estates were studied in detail as case studies of each period. The research found that the periods of ascendancy of social democratic ideology in the state, and social values based on the significance of the collective society and the equality of all citizens led to higher space standards in social housing, while the periods of ascendancy of neo-liberal ideology in the state, and social values based on the significance of individual action based on dominance of market relations led to a drop in social housing standards. A significant finding of this research was the importance of individual actors involved in the provision of social housing and their role in interpreting regulations in favour (or against) promoting higher or lower standards.
38
Ruiz, Eric. "L'autopromotion, une piste pour l'innovation architecturale, environnementale et urbaine". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH017/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Au-delà du cadre classique de la production du logement, des projets originaux à l’initiative de citoyens ou impliquant fortement des habitants, se développent sur le territoire européen et notamment français. S‘émancipant de l’offre professionnelle privée ou publique, ces maîtrises d’ouvrages d’usagers produisent un habitat original, tant du point de vue architectural et environnemental, que de l’insertion sociale et au territoire qui l’accueille. Ce type de dynamique n’est pas un phénomène nouveau. En Amérique Latine notamment, des mouvements populaires et coopératifs développent ce type de démarche depuis plusieurs décennies. Insuffisamment étudié, ce phénomène mérite d’être analysé plus précisément, en particulier dans le champ de l’architecture et du point de vue des porteurs de ces projets : les habitants. Cette recherche vise à montrer, par une analyse des différentes typologies d’organisations collectives, adoptées par ces maîtrises d’ouvrage non professionnelles d’habitants, les atouts et les résultats de leur production, du point de vue de : la question « spatiale », qui interroge la notion de l’habitat et de son usage ; la question du « métier » du concepteur, qui interroge le mode de production du projet au travers de la relation architecte – maîtrise d’ouvrage (non professionnelle) ; et enfin la question de « l’insertion spatiale et sociale », qui interroge la dimension urbaine de ces projets et citoyenne de leurs promoteurs. Se basant sur les notions de « droit à l’œuvre » et de « droit à la ville » définies par Henri Lefebvre et de « bien commun » définie par Elinor Ostrom, cette thèse propose un apport de connaissances visant à contribuer à la réponse des professionnels et des politiques publiques, à une demande sociale chaque jour plus présente en matière d’initiatives citoyennes dans la production de l’habitatFurther to the production of housing within a traditional Framework are curently developed all over europe and specialy in France. Moving away from public or private standar models, the projects inspired by the end users tend to produce very original habitats, in terms of architecture and environment as well as social and territorial insertion. This kind of dynamic is not a new phenomenom. Particulary in Latin America, popular and cooperative movements have developed this type of approach for decades. Insufficiently studied, this phenomenom merits more precise analysis, particulary in the field of architecture and from the point of view of the managers of such projects : the inhabitants. This research aims to demonstrate, through an analysis of different types of collective organizations adopted by these non-professional inhabitants leadership, the benefits and results of their production, in terms of: the "spacial" question, which looks at the concept of habitat and its use ; the issue of "skill" of the designer, who questions the mode of production of the project through the architect relationship - project management (non-occupational) ; and finally the area of "spatial and social inclusion", which looks at the urban dimension of these projects and their "property developers". Based on the concepts of "right to do" and "right to the city" defined by Henri Lefebvre and "common good" defined by Elinor Ostrom, this thesis provides a contribution of knowledge to contribute to the response of professionals and public policy, to a real social demand present every day in terms of citizen initiatives in the production of housing
39
Diop, Lanciné. "La production de l’espace résidentiel dans l’aire métropolitaine transfrontalière de Luxembourg". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100127.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Durant les deux dernières décennies, on assiste à l'émergence de Luxemburg comme pôle économique débordant les frontières luxembourgeoise. Cette dynamique se traduit par une croissance migratoire et démographique soutenue entrainant une pression sur le marché résidentiel. On sait à travers la littérature sur la métropolisation qu'elle s'accompagne souvent d'inégalités socio-spatiales mais on en sait encore très peu sur comment ce phénomène se décline dans les espaces transfrontaliers. L’objectif de cette thèse est, dès lors, de comprendre quelles sont les conséquences des marchés fonciers dans l’espace transfrontalier Luxembourg sur la production de l’espace résidentiel ? Le contexte transfrontalier nous incite à aller plus loin pour voir comment les frontières interviennent dans cette production de l’espace. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons mené une enquête qualitative auprès de 159 ménages qui a été complétée par une analyse quantitative des flux et des choix de localisation de divers groupes socioprofessionnels en utilisant des modèles de choix discrets. Nos analyses montrent un espace résidentiel luxembourgeois socialement étiqueté avec des lignes de fractures sociales qui s'étendent au-delà des frontières, conséquence du développement économique luxembourgeois et de l'augmentation des prix du foncier. Les prix élevés de l'immobilier constituent une barrière à l'intégration de beaucoup de travailleurs dans le marché résidentiel luxembourgeois. La frontière, par les différentiels qu'elle permet, contribue ainsi à une plus grande spécialisation des territoires et à l'élargissement de l'espace de la métropolisation. Cet élargissement est toutefois limité par les avantages comparatifs qu'offre le Luxembourg à ses résidants. Enfin, malgré l'intégration européenne et un rôle moins prégnant de la frontière en tant que barrière, le processus de métropolisation dans le cas de Luxembourg renforce plutôt le rôle de la frontière en tant qu'instrument de différenciation socio-spatialeDuring the past two decades, Luxembourg has emerged as a small, yet highly specialized metropolis with an expanding cross-border functional area. The economic growth has resulted in increasing migration to Luxembourg and a growing pressure on the housing market. According to the literature, the urban processes in metropolitan regions tend to go hand in hand with socio-spatial inequalities. Previous research has, however, paid less attention to cross-border cities. This observation gives rise to the following question: How does the Luxembourg real estate market contend with its unique cross-border context and what are the socioeconomic effects on the residential space? First, we investigate the comparative advantages of urban land regulations and housing price differentials between the four countries. Second, we conduct a survey on the residential choices on each side of the border. Finally, we analyse cross-border residential mobility of workers using discrete choice models and Luxembourg administrative data. Our analysis shows growing socio-spatial inequalities as a result of the economic development of Luxembourg and the related increase in housing prices. The high housing prices function as a barrier for many to live in Luxembourg. This contributes to a more socially polarized space and an extension of the functional area of Luxembourg beyond the border. However, this extension is somewhat limited and influenced by other residential advantages of living in Luxembourg. Finally, even though the EU integration signifies a declining impact of the border as a barrier, the metropolitanization process in this case reinforces the effect of the border as instrument of socio-spatial differentiation
40
Ibarra, Gabriela. "The meaning of 'social' in Mexican social housing : a study of housing developments in Mazatlán, Mexico". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12300/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis explores the social housing process in Mexico, which is mainly defined by the planning, construction and provision of housing, and ends with the delivery of the dwellings, overlooking the post-occupational stage of housing. This research focuses first on INFONAVIT, a Mexican institution in charge of administering a housing fund for workers since 1972 that has received many critiques because of its disconnection from the housing process since the late 1980s, when law reforms delegated the construction of housing to the private sector. Secondly, on private actors such as developers and construction companies, who have been critiqued due to the decreasing material quality and size of the houses. Finally, on social housing residents’ experiences with their houses and the built environment’s impact on their everyday life. Through an extensive qualitative approach, 19 actors involved in the housing design, planning and production process, and 50 residents in four housing projects in the city of Mazatlán, Mexico, were interviewed during a two-stage visit to Mexico City and Mazatlán. Along with the development of semi-structured interviewing, the architectural design of social housing units and the housing policies and regulations behind its production were analysed, making use of a multi-methods strategy combining direct observation, document analysis, analysis of secondary sources, and the use of photographs, architectural layouts and sketches. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the meaning of ‘social’ in social housing, while acknowledging the need for a socially responsible planning and architectural design process. Due to the multi-disciplinary theoretical basis of this study, this thesis aims to be of interest not only to researchers, but also to inform practitioners in their decisions, including planners, architects, and policy makers.
41
Demoulin, Jeanne. "La participation des locataires : un instrument de gestion dans les organismes HLM". Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100069.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse interroge les effets de l’intégration de l’impératif participatif dans les organismes HLM à partir de trois terrains de recherche complémentaires : les discours des dirigeants du « Mouvement HLM », les dispositifs de « concertation locative » et les actions de « développement social ». Nous mettons tout d’abord en évidence la manière dont les dispositifs participatifs viennent accompagner le tournant néolibéral de l’action publique à partir de la fin des années 1970 et montrons ce faisant l’ancienneté de la coexistence entre deux formes de participation - la première mettant l’accent sur l’évaluation du service rendu et la seconde sur l’accompagnement social des locataires. Le regard est ensuite porté sur les pratiques actuelles des organismes HLM, étudiées à partir d’une enquête menée au sein d’un organisme HLM dans le cadre d’une convention industrielle de formation par la recherche (CIFRE). En caractérisant les attendus attachés aux dispositifs, les conditions de leur mise en en œuvre et leurs effets sur le système d’acteurs, la démonstration met en lumière le sens donné à la participation dans le milieu HLM, caractérisé par la coexistence de logiques patrimoniale, entrepreneuriale et sociale. Ce faisant, elle enrichit la compréhension des logiques qui président à la formalisation et à la diffusion de dispositifs participatifs dans les sociétés contemporaines d’une part, de leurs effets sur les pratiques professionnelles et les relations entre institutions et individus d’autre part. Cette thèse entend ainsi contribuer à l’analyse des transformations systémiques produites par l’intégration de la participation dans les structures socialesThis thesis examines the effects of the integration of the participatory imperative in social housing organizations. It is grounded in three complementary fieldworks: "Mouvement HLM"’s speeches, the "rental consultation" settings and "social development"’s actions. This work first demonstrates how participatory mechanisms support the neoliberal turn in public action that started in the late 1970s. In so doing, it shows the historical coexistence between two forms of participation. The first form emphasizes on the evaluation of service delivery. The second insists on social assistance for tenants. The analysis then focuses on social housing organizations’ contemporary practices and is based on a survey conducted in a social housing organization under an Industrial Research Training Convention (CIFRE). Looking at the participatory settings’ expected outcomes, their implementation’s prerequisites and their effects on the system of actors, the demonstration highlights the meaning of "participation" in social housing organizations which are characterized by the coexistence of patrimonial, entrepreneurial and social logics. On the one hand, this thesis broadens the understanding of the logics that govern the formalization and the propagation of participatory settings in contemporary society. On the other hand, it deepens the comprehension of participatory setting’s effects on professional practices and relationships between individuals and institutions. Therefore, this thesis aims to contribute to the analysis of systemic transformations produced by the integration of participation in social structures
42
Letrouit, Lucie. "Three essays on the economics of social integration in an urban context". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0147.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse se compose de trois essais aux approches complémentaires portant sur l'économie de l'intégration sociale en milieu urbain. Le premier essai analyse l'émergence de hiérarchies ethno-culturelles dans un contexte multi-culturel, typique des grandes métropoles actuelles. Cette émergence est étudiée au moyen d'un modèle de théorie des jeux évolutionnaires selon lequel une vision hiérarchique commune émerge, dans une société, à partir d'une multitude d'interactions indépendantes entre membres des différents groupes ethno-culturels en présence. L'originalité du modèle proposé tient à l'inclusion de plusieurs minorités et conceptions hiérarchiques (i.e. modèle multi-groupes et multi-stratégies) et à la prise en compte des effets réciproques que plusieurs minorités peuvent avoir sur les statuts sociaux des autres. Ces effets permettent d'expliquer la relation non-linéaire entre taille d'une minorité et statut social suggérée par la littérature empirique, ainsi que les effets complexes de l'arrivée d'une nouvelle minorité sur les autres minorités. Le processus évolutionnaire étudié suggère que la hiérarchie ethno-culturelle adoptée est, dans la plupart des cas, économiquement sous-efficace car trop inégalitaire. Le deuxième essai présente un modèle d'économie urbaine adapté au contexte des villes d'Afrique sub-Saharienne où la propriété foncière est souvent informelle et incertaine et où les transactions foncières sont souvent entravées par d'importantes asymétries d'information entre acheteurs et vendeurs. Le modèle permet d'étudier théoriquement l'impact de deux institutions visant à réduire l'incertitude liée aux transactions. La première consiste en un système d'enregistrement formel des terrains dans un cadastre géré par l'administration, la deuxième en une norme sociale traditionnelle de confiance liant certains groupes sociaux. Le modèle qui est, à notre connaissance, le premier à étudier l'effet d'une norme sociale sur le fonctionnement d'un marché immobilier urbain et la structure urbaine, montre que le système d'enregistrement est plus efficace que la norme sociale si les coûts d'enregistrements sont limités, mais que les deux institutions sont en partie substituables. Il prédit que l'enregistrement des terrains remplacera progressivement les normes traditionnelles de confiance dans le futur, à mesure que les coûts d'enregistrement décroîtront.Enfin, le troisième essai consiste en une analyse économétrique des effets du Programme National de Rénovation Urbaine (PNRU), lancé en France en 2003 pour la rénovation de 600 quartiers défavorisés. Afin d'éviter certains biais liés à l'hétérogénéité des effets du programme entre les différents quartiers et entre les différentes périodes temporelles, nous mobilisons le tout récent estimateur DID_M développé par De Chaisemartin and D'Haultfoeuille (forthcoming) et complémentons ses résultats par une plus traditionnelle estimation de différences-de-différences. Nos résultats indiquent que le programme a eu des effets non-significatifs et, de toute façon, très limités (moins de 3.5%) sur les prix immobiliers dans les quartiers rénovés. Les effets sur les volumes de transactions sont aussi non significatifs. Toutefois, le programme a engendré une sensible évolution à la hausse du profil socio-professionnel des acheteurs de logement par rapport aux vendeurs, suggérant une certaine amélioration de l'attractivité des quartiers rénovésThis dissertation consists in three essays with complementary approaches on the economics of social integration in an urban setting. The first essay analyzes the emergence of ethno-cultural hierarchies in a multi-cultural context, typical of nowadays large metropolises. This emergence is studied using an evolutionary game theory model according to which, in a society, a common hierarchy view emerges from a multitude of independent interactions between members of the different ethno-cultural groups. The originality of the model lies in the featuring of several minorities and hierarchical views (i.e. multi-group and multi-strategy model) and in the reciprocal effects that minorities may have on each others' social statuses. These effects allow to explain the non-linear relationship between a minority's size and its status suggested by the empirical literature, as well as the complex impacts of a new minority's arrival on the other minorities. The evolutionary process implies that the adopted ethno-cultural hierarchy is, in most cases, too inegalitarian and thus economically inefficient. The second essay presents an urban economics model adapted to the sub-Saharan African city context where land ownership is often informal and uncertain and where land transactions are often hampered by important information asymmetries between buyers and sellers. The model allows to theoretically study the impact of two institutions aimed at reducing transaction uncertainty. The first one consists in a formal land registration system administered by the government, the second is a traditional social trust norm that links specific social groups. This model is, to the best of our knowledge, the first one to study the effects of a social norm on the functioning of an urban housing market and the urban structure. It shows that the land registration system is more efficient than the traditional trust norm if registration costs are limited, but also that the two institutions are partly substitutable. The model predicts that, with the gradual decrease of registration costs, land registration will progressively replace social trust norms in the future.Eventually, the third essay consists in an econometric analysis of a large urban renewal program launched in France in 2003 for the renovation of 600 deprived neighborhoods (i.e. the « Programme National de Rénovation Urbaine », PNRU). In order to avoid possible biases linked with heterogeneities in the program's effects across neighborhoods and across time periods, we rely on the very novel DID_M estimator developed by De Chaisemartin and D'Haultfoeuille (forthcoming) and complement its results with a more traditional difference-in-differences estimation. Our results suggest that the program had non-significant and, in any case, very limited effects (i.e. smaller than 3.5%) on housing prices in renovated neighborhoods. The program's effects on transaction volumes are also non-significant. However, the program led to a sizable upward evolution in the socio-professional status of housing buyers as compared to sellers, suggesting some improvement in the attractivity of renovated neighborhoods
43
Ortale, Joao. "Social housing in Campo Grande, Brazil". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36269/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The number of social housing developments in the city of Campo Grande, Brazil, has undergone a significant growth over the past few years. Between 2014 and 2016, averages of 3,000 new homes per year have been constructed in the city, which has around 860,000 inhabitants. However, there seems to be a mismatch between the provision and residents’ needs. This research investigates the history of housing for the lower income people in Brazil; and its development in the city. The theoretical perspective focuses on the concept of community and the nature of home; and the data collection analyses whether these are being delivered in practice. The studies on the history of housing for lower income people in Brazil and its development in Campo Grande identified top down strategies adopted by the government and local authority. By contrast, the investigations of community and home development demonstrate that the residents’ views should be incorporated into any development strategy. The data collection was based in six social housing estates in the city, built between 2011 and 2015, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The first stage was an investigation of documentation regarding social housing programmes and the local regulations. The second phase involved questionnaires with 464 residents; and the final part centred on interviews with heads of departments in the local authority and 36 residents. The data collection discovered issues regarding a lack of community facilities, and inflexibility in the layout and materials of the houses; especially regarding alterations and extensions. The outcome of the thesis is a set of Guidelines for the Development of Social Housing within the My House My Life Programme, to supplement the local regulations in Campo Grande. They provide guidance from the layout of the estate, to the design of the houses. They have been evaluated by the local authority departments, who have responded positively, and stated that they are willing to incorporate them in future proposals.
44
Cooper, Justine. "Sustainable building maintenance within social housing". Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2015. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/13830/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The social housing sector contains the largest number of professionally managed properties and as such has a significant role to play in improving the UK’s economic, environmental and social sustainability. This thesis explores the viability of integrating the sustainability agenda with social housing maintenance decision making in order that the sustainability of existing social housing stock can be improved through planned maintenance (and refurbishment). The thesis presents the argument that the current single criterion, conditioned based approach to maintenance planning does not support the continuous improvement in sustainability of social housing. Furthermore it argues that a new, multi-criteria approach to maintenance planning is needed based upon the performance of a home in-use rather than its condition. The performance based sustainable social housing maintenance model was presented and its application explored with Octavia Housing. Two aspects were further explored, firstly what criteria did landlords need to assess to ensure sustainability was systematically integrated into maintenance planning, and secondly, how could this multi-criteria be assimilated in order to prioritise maintenance actions to improve the sustainability rating of housing going forward. The questionnaire determined that traditional social housing maintenance was still the norm and whilst the sustainability agenda was considered important, it wasn’t integrated within housing management planning. The interviews determined the criteria landlords wished to use to assess the sustainability of their housing stock and prioritise maintenance need, exceeded that expressed in the Decent Homes Standard but, more importantly the specific criteria was unique to individual landlords and no definitive list of criteria required. The case study demonstrated that the proposed maintenance model could be implemented and presented a methodology by which it could be populated. An important aspect of the new maintenance model was the development of the Analytical Hierarchy Process modelling toolkit to measure the sustainability of the existing stock and prioritise maintenance work to improve this measure over time through planned maintenance. Whilst the model was based on data collected in the field, the worked example was theoretical and provides an opportunity for further work with Octavia Housing.
45
Prati, Paolo. "Tecnologie sostenibili per il social housing". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2427/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
“Tecnologie sostenibili per il social housing”: la mia tesi affronta il tema dell’edilizia sociale cercando di capire se può ancora diventare un campo di ricerca e sperimentazione architettonica come lo è stato in più occasioni nell’ultimo secolo.
La ricerca si è sviluppata in due fasi: una prima attività di studio della vicenda storica dell’abitazione sociale in Italia, con alcuni confronti europei, fino ad analizzare il nuovo quadro che si è andato delineando dalla fine degli anni ’90 e che caratterizza la situazione attuale.
Successivamente, la progettazione di un piccolo intervento di edilizia abitativa che si propone di rispondere agli attuali profili della domanda, puntando a scelte tipologiche e costruttive coerenti.
Nel trentennio 1950-’80, nell’Europa uscita dalla Seconda guerra mondiale, e in Italia in particolare, l’edilizia popolare ha vissuto un periodo dinamico, ricco di interventi normativi da parte dello Stato, (su tutte la legge Fanfani, e le norme Gescal) che hanno permesso di realizzare molti degli edifici ancora oggi utilizzati, accelerando la ripresa economica e sociale.
Dopo gli anni ’80, le ricerche e le sperimentazioni in campo architettonico si spostano verso altri temi; superata la necessità di fornire una casa a milioni di persone, il tema dell’alloggio sembra perdere il forte rilievo sociale che aveva avuto nei decenni precedenti. Fino a ritenere che il tema dell’alloggio e in particolare dell’alloggio sociale, non avesse più la necessità di essere sperimentato e approfondito.
Oggi la situazione riguardante la sperimentazione non è molto diversa: sono ancora molto limitati, infatti, gli studi e le ricerche sul tema dell’alloggio sociale. Ciò che è nuovamente mutata, invece, è l’emergenza di una nuova domanda di casa e la drammatica esigenza sociale di fornire un alloggio a milioni di famiglie che non se lo possono permettere.
Le dinamiche che guidano questa nuova ondata di richiesta di alloggi sono molteplici, sia di natura sociale che economica.
Sul piano sociale:
- l’aumento del numero delle famiglie, passate da 22.226.000 nel 200o a 24.642.000 nel 2010, con un aumento del 9,8% in un solo decennio;
- la “nuclearizzazione” delle famiglie e la loro contrazione dimensionale, fino agli attuali 2,4 componenti per nucleo;
- l’invecchiamento della popolazione;
- l’aumento della popolazione straniera, con oltre 3.900.000 di immigrati regolari.
Su quello economico:
- l’aumento della povertà assoluta: in Italia 1.162.000 famiglie (4,7%) corrispondenti a 3.074.000 individui vivono sotto la soglia di povertà;
- l’aumento della povertà relativa, che investe oggi 2.657.000 famiglie (9,3%) e l’aumento delle famiglie a rischio di povertà (920.000 famiglie, pari al 3,7% dei nuclei).
Questi dati evidenziano la dimensione del problema abitativo e smentiscono l’opinione che si tratti di una questione marginale: nel 2010 in Italia almeno 1.162.000 non hanno le risorse per pagare un affitto, nemmeno a canone agevolato, e 4.739.000 famiglie non riescono a pagare un affitto ai prezzi del libero mercato, ma non hanno la possibilità di entrare nelle graduatorie per l’assegnazione di un alloggio sociale.
Da questa panoramica sulle dimensioni del disagio abitativo, prende spunto la progettazione del mio sistema costruttivo, che si pone come obiettivo quello di ridurre i costi di costruzione tramite la standardizzazione dei componenti, consentendo di conseguenza, un minor costo di costruzione e quindi la possibilità di canoni di affitto ridotti, mantenendo buoni standard di qualità degli alloggi, sostenibilità ambientale e risparmio energetico.
Le linee guida che hanno portato alla progettazione del sistema sono:
- modularità degli spazi abitativi
- zonizzazione funzionale
- razionalizzazione impiantistica
- illuminazione naturale
- industrializzazione dei sistema costruttivo
- standardizzazione dei componenti.
Il risultato è un catalogo di alloggi di diverse metrature, aggregabili secondo tre tipologie residenziali.
- a ballatoio
- in linea
- a torre
Messo a punto questo sistema costruttivo, è stato progettato un intervento in un contesto specifico, per verificare l’applicabilità delle soluzioni sviluppate ed esplorarne alcune possibilità.
46
Watson, Lynn Beverley. "Housing and social care : changing ideologies and the role of housing associations". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239379.
Testo completo
47
Werner, Greta Weston. "Housing Fields: A Comparison of Social Housing across two Areas of Practice". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27610.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis presents a comparative study of the social housing sectors of two capitalist democracies with the aim of analysing how the limits of social housing provision are constructed. The housing sectors of Sydney, Australia and Vienna, Austria are chosen for this study as their rates of social housing vary significantly with 4.7% of households in NSW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2020) and 50% of households in Vienna (City of Vienna, 2021) living in social housing. Social housing is analysed in relation to its socio-political-economic and historic context including private housing sectors, government departments, banks, architecture firms and social movements. An applied thematic analysis (Guest, MacQueen & Namey, 2012) of publicly available documents from relevant organisations is followed by twenty-one semi-structured interviews in each city. Using field theory (Bourdieu, 1996a; Fligstein & McAdam, 2012; Martin, 2003), three lenses are used to analyse the resulting data. First, an exploration of relationships reveals dynamics in the field, including the efforts of governments to maintain legitimacy of funding decisions in the eyes of voters. Secondly, a focus on doxa and ‘meaning projects’ (Fligstein & McAdam, 2012, p. 47) in which actors engage, gives a granular view of discourses, how they are produced and reproduced, and how they benefit individuals and groups differentially. Thirdly, an examination of the forms of capital exchanged provides a practical guide to the field. Analysis reveals that the structure of Sydney’s housing field is driven by private capital accumulation, whereas Vienna’s housing field is more solidaristic and dominated by collective responses to housing needs.
48
Tomlins, Richard. "Social gatekeepers and racial equality strategies in social housing". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390228.
Testo completo
49
Mpungu, Paul. "A syncretic approach to social housing : addressing challenges in social housing for Aboriginal communities in BC, Canada". University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24459.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over thousands of years, the world's Indigenous peoples have developed their own distinct cultures, religions and economic and social organizations. Their ways of life are reflected in their architecture, and in their social and cultural lifestyles. Contact with European settlers interfered with the continuity and evolvement of their indigenous way of life. Many First Nations in Canada are at advanced stages in their treaty negotiations with the Federal government. This study focuses on three interrelated paradigms which, viewed together, impact the delivery of architectural forms in built environments. These include education, professional practice and social housing. Social housing as a critical model of housing that has achieved global appeal was instrumental in the acculturation processes that characterized colonial tendencies of post-contact Canada. This thesis explores these paradigms from the point of view of post-colonialism in the power contestations that continue to this day.
The realization of a culturally appropriate social housing environment is the ultimate dream of many Aboriginal people. It has remained central in the minds of most Aboriginals to the extent that it is seen to hold the key that would bring about a general improvement to their well-being. Hence my argument for an enabling environment mediated by Aboriginal agency, knowledge and implementation, as a prerequisite to achieving adequacy and socially appropriate housing for Aboriginal people.
In a world that invariably equates Euro-centric hegemonic workings with globalization, cultural objectivity stands lowest in the technologically mediated modernization priority. But precisely because culture is itself the single most contested paradigm in global power relationships, this thesis identifies its mediating potential to prescribe a new future, one that is neither global nor nativist. That mediation is a virtual space invariably described as interstitial and or, as a space of liminality which, by following neither a global technopole nor an essentialist position, becomes a third flow space. The thesis advances this third option in syncretism. Syncretic relations operate as symbiotic processes and tend to facilitate coexistence and constructive interaction between differing cultures. In their ability to mediate social housing differences, syncretic relations offer humanity a formidable opportunity to reconcile its cultural differences.Graduate
50
Brion, Marion Claire. "The Society of Housing Managers and women's employment in housing". Thesis, City, University of London, 1989. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/19994/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Society of Housing Managers. formed from the women trained by Octavia Hill, is not well known, though it played a prominent part in housing management from the 1930s onwards. The aim of this thesis is to examine the hypothesis that the Society of Housing Managers played a substantial role in encouraging the employment of trained women in housing from 1912 to the post- war period. It is further suggested that the ending of an all female Society and its subsequent amalgamation with the Institute of Housing in 1965 was one factor in weakening the position of women in housing employment, although other factors contributed. A major source of evidence used is depth interviews carried out with members of the committee who dealt with unification between the Society and the Institute, as well as interviews with other women managers. Some of these informants supplied early, often unique, documents. The Minute Books of the Society and other records not hitherto documented were also important as were Public Record Office papers, contemporary journals and secondary historical sources. Statistical data centres around a detailed analysis by gender of the Institute of Housing membership records and two major surveys carried out by the City University and the NFHA using unpublished as well as the published data. An additional small survey was done of women's employment in allied professional organisations. It is concluded that the Society of Housing Managers played a crucial role in drawing women into housing employment in the 1930s and thus opened up opportunities for women in the; expansion of public housing during the second world war and after. However some disadvantages may have been incurred by separate organisation. In comparison. women in the 1980s have had some success in combining separate women's networks with membership of a mixed Institute.